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5. Inclusive D*(plus/minus) production in photon-photon collisions

Author

Alston-Garnjost, M., Avery, R.E., Barker, A.R., Bauer, D.A., Bay, A., Buijs, A., Belcinski, R., Bingham, H.H., Bloom, E.D., Buchanan, C.D., Caldwell, D.O., Chao, H-Y., Chun, S-B., Clark, A.R., Crane, D.A., Dahl, O.I., Daoudi, M., Eastman, J.J., Eberhard, P.H., Edberg, T.K., Eisner, A.M., Erne, F.C., Fairfield, K.H., Godfrey, G., Hauptman, J.M., Hofmann, W., Kenney, R.W., Khacheryan, S., Knopfle, K.T., Kofler, R.R., Lambert, D.J., Langeveld, W.G.J., Layter, J.G., Lin, W.T., Linde, F.L., Loken, S.C., Lu, A., Lynch, G.R., Lys, J.E., Madaras, R.J., Marsiske, H., Masek, G.E., Mathis, L.G., Miller, E.S., Nicol, N.A., Nygren, D.R., Oddone, P.J., Oyang, Y.-T., Paar, H.P., Palounek, A.P.T., Park, S.K., Pellett, D.E., Pripstein, M., Ronan, M.T., Ross, R.R., Sens, J.C., Shapiro, G., Shen, B.C., Steinman, J.S., Stephens, R.W., Stevenson, M.L., Stork, D.H., Strauss, M.G., Sullivan, M.K., Toutounchi, S., Vernon, W., Wang, E.M., Wang, Y.-X., Wenzel, W.A., Yamamoto, H., Yellin, S.J., Yost, G.P., Zapalac, G., and Zeitlin, C.

Published
2017

7. Mars Science Laboratory Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons passive mode data and results from sols 753 to 1292: Pahrump Hills to Naukluft Plateau

Author

Tate, C.G., Moersch, J., Mitrofanov, I., Litvak, M., Bellutta, P., Boynton, W.V., Cagle, N., Ehresmann, B., Fedosov, F., Golovin, D., Hardgrove, C., Harshman, K., Hassler, D.M., Jun, I., Kozyrev, A.S., Lisov, D., Malakhov, A., Mischna, M., Nikiforov, S., Sanin, A.B., Starr, R., Vostrukhin, A., and Zeitlin, C.

Published
2019
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9. Fragmentation of 14-N, 16-O, 20-Ne, and 24-Mg Nuclei at 290 to 1000 MeV/nucleon

Author

Zeitlin, C., Miller, J., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Fukumura, A., Iwata, Y., Murakami, T., Blattnig, S., Norman, R., and Mashnik, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We report fragmentation cross sections measured at 0 deg for beams of 14-N, 16-O, 20-Ne, and 24-Mg ions, at energies ranging from 290 MeV/nucleon to 1000 MeV/nucleon. Beams were incident on targets of C, CH2, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb, with the C and CH2 target data used to obtain hydrogen-target cross sections. Using methods established in earlier work, cross sections obtained with both large-acceptance and small-acceptance detectors are extracted from the data and when necessary corrected for acceptance effects. The large-acceptance data yield cross sections for fragments with charges approximately half of the beam charge and above, with minimal corrections. Cross sections for lighter fragments are obtained from small-acceptance spectra, with more significant, model-dependent corrections that account for the fragment angular distributions. Results for both charge-changing and fragment production cross sections are compared to the predictions of the Los Alamos version of the Quark Gluon String Model (LAQGSM) as well as the NUCFRG2 and PHITS models. For all beams and targets, cross sections for fragments as light as He are compared to the models. Estimates of multiplicity-weighted helium production cross sections are obtained from the data and compared to PHITS and LAQGSM predictions. Summary statistics show that the level of agreement between data and predictions is slightly better for PHITS than for either NUCFRG2 or LAQGSM., Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures, 13 tables, to be published in Phys. Rev. C

Published
2011
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11. Results from the dynamic albedo of neutrons (DAN) passive mode experiment: Yellowknife Bay to Amargosa Valley (Sols 201–753)

Author

Tate, C.G., Moersch, J., Mitrofanov, I., Litvak, M., Bellutta, P., Boynton, W.V., Drake, D., Ehresmann, B., Fedosov, F., Golovin, D., Hardgrove, C., Harshman, K., Hassler, D.M., Jun, I., Kozyrev, A.S., Lisov, D., Malakhov, A., Ming, D.W., Mischna, M., Mokrousov, M., Nikiforov, S., Sanin, A.B., Starr, R., Vostrukhin, A., and Zeitlin, C.

Published
2018
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15. Fragmentation Cross Sections of Medium-Energy 35Cl, 40Ar, and 48Ti Beams on Elemental Targets

Author

Zeitlin, C., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., Fukumura, A., Iwata, Y., Murakami, T., Sihver, L., and Mancusi, D.

Subjects
Nuclear physics and radiation physics, heavy ions fragmentation Monte Carlo galactic cosmic rays
Abstract

Charge-changing and fragment production cross sections at 0 degrees have been obtained for interactions of 290, 400, and 650 MeV/nucleon 40Ar beams, 650 and 1000 MeV/nucleon 35Cl beams, and a 1000 MeV/nucleon 48Ti beam. Targets of C, CH2, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb were used. Using standard analysis methods, we obtain fragment cross sections for charges as low as 8 for Cl and Ar beams, and as low as 10 for the Ti beam. Using data obtained with small-acceptance detectors, we report fragment production cross sections for charges as low as 5, corrected for acceptance using a simple model of fragment angular distributions. With the lower-charged fragment cross sections, we cancompare the data to predictions from several models (including NUCFRG2, EPAX2, and PHITS) in a region largely unexplored in earlier work. As found in earlier work with other beams, NUCFRG2 and PHITS predictions agree reasonably well with the data for charge-changing cross sections, but do not accurately predict the fragment production cross sections. The cross sections for the lightest fragments demonstrate the inadequacy of several models in which the cross sections fall monotonically with the charge of the fragment. PHITS, despite not agreeing particularly well with the fragment production cross sections on average, nonetheless qualitatively reproduces somesignificant features of the data that are missing from the other models.

Published
2008

16. Fragmentation Cross Sections of 290 and 400 MeV/nucleon 12C Beams on Elemental Targets

Author

Zeitlin, C., Guetersloh, S., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., Fukumura, A., Iwata, Y., and Murakami, T.

Subjects
Nuclear physics and radiation physics, Radiation protection and dosimetry, Galactic Cosmic Rays nuclear fragmentation cross sections
Abstract

Charge-changing and fragment production cross sections at 0 circ have been obtained for interactions of 290 MeV/nucleon and 400 MeV/nucleon carbon beams with C, CH2, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb targets. These beams are relevant to cancer therapy, space radiation, and the production of radioactive beams. We compare to previously published results using C and CH2 targets at similar beam energies. Due to ambiguities arising from the presence of multiple fragments on many events, previous publications have reported only cross sections for B and Be fragments. In this work we have extracted cross sections for all fragment species, using data obtained at three distinct values of angular acceptance, supplemented by data taken with the detector stack placed off the beam axis. A simulation of the experiment with the PHITS Monte Carlo code shows fair agreement with the data obtained with the large acceptance detectors, but agreement is poor at small acceptance. The measured cross sections are also compared to the predictions of the one-dimensional cross section models EPAX2 and NUCFRG2; the latter is presently used in NASA's space radiation transport calculations. Though PHITS and NUCFRG2 reproduce the charge-changing cross sections with reasonable accuracy, none of the models is able to accurately predict the fragment cross sections for all fragment species and target materials.

Published
2008

18. Fragmentation cross sections of 28Si at beam energies from 290A MeV to 1200A MeV

Author

Zeitlin, C., Fukumura, A., Guetersloh, S.B., Heilbronn, L.H, Iwata, Y., Miller, J., and Murukami, T.

Subjects
Nuclear physics and radiation physics, Radiation protection and dosimetry, heavy ions fragmentation Galactic Cosmic Rays shielding
Abstract

In planning for long-duration spaceflight, it will be important to accurately model the exposure of astronauts to heavy ions in the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR). As part of an ongoing effort to improve heavy-ion transport codes that will be used in designing future spacecraft and habitats, fragmentation cross sections of 28Si have been measured using beams with extracted energies from 290A MeV to 1200A MeV, spanning most of the peak region of the energy distribution of silicon ions in the GCR. Results were obtained for six elemental targets: hydrogen, carbon, aluminum, copper, tin, and lead. The charge-changing cross sections are found to be energy-independent within the experimental uncertainties, except for those on the hydrogen target. Cross sections for the heaviest fragments are found to decrease slightly with increasing energy for lighter targets, but increase with energy for tin and lead targets. The cross sections are compared to previous measurements at similar energies, and to predictions of the NUCFRG2 model used by NASA to evaluate radiation exposures in flight. For charge-changing cross sections, reasonable agreement is found between the present experiment and those of Webber, et al. and Flesch, et al., and NUCFRG2 agrees with the data to within 3 percent in most cases. Fragment cross sections show less agreement between experiments, and there are substantial differences between NUCFRG2 predictions and the data.

Published
2006

24. Radiation tests of the EMU spacesuit for the International Space Station using energetic protons

Author

Zeitlin, C., Heilbronn, L., Miller, J., and Shavers, M.

Subjects
Radiation protection and dosimetry, Nuclear physics and radiation physics, space radiation shielding EMU spacesuit
Abstract

Measurements using silicon detectors to characterize the radiation transmitted through the EMU spacesuit and a human phantom have been performed using 155 and 250 MeV proton beams at the Loma Linda University Medical Center (LLUMC). The beams simulate radiation encountered in space, where trapped protons having kinetic energies on the order of 100 MeV are copious. Protons with 100 MeV kinetic energy and above can penetrate many centimeters of water of other light materials, so that astronauts exposed to such energetic particles will receive doses to their internal organs. This dose can be enhanced or reduced by shielding - either from the spacesuit or the self-shielding of the body - but minimization of the risk depends on details of the incident particle flux (in particular the energy spectrum) and on the dose responses of the various critical organs.

Published
2001

28. Signatures of volatiles in the lunar proton albedo

Author

Schwadron, N.A., Wilson, J.K., Looper, M.D., Jordan, A.P., Spence, H.E., Blake, J.B., Case, A.W., Iwata, Y., Kasper, J.C., Farrell, W.M., Lawrence, D.J., Livadiotis, G., Mazur, J., Petro, N., Pieters, C., Robinson, M.S., Smith, S., Townsend, L.W., and Zeitlin, C.

Published
2016
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30. Fragmentation cross sections of 600 MeV/Nucleon 20Ne on element al targets

Author

Zeitlin, C.

Subjects
Heavy ion fragmentation cross sections Galactic Cosmic Radiation
Abstract

Charge-changing and fragment production cross sections have been obtained for interactions of a 600 MeV/nucleon neon beam in H, C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb targets. The H target results were obtained using a polyethylene target and subtracting the cross sections obtained with the carbon target. At 600 MeV/nucleon, the angular distributions of the fragments are strongly forward-peaked, andconsequently the spectra seen in the detectors with the largest angular acceptance - corresponding to a forward cone with half-angle 7 degrees - show obvious fragment peaks only for charges 5 through 9. No clear peaks are seen below charge 5 in the large-acceptance detectors, but spectra from detectors subtending smaller angular acceptances show peaks for all fragment species, and additional identifiable peaks from events with between two and four fragments in coincidence. Production cross sections for all fragment species, from the aforementioned targets, are reported here and, where possible are compared to earlier measurements and to the predictions of the NUCFRG2 and QMSFRG models and an empirical parameterization that is tuned for higher-mass beams. The cross sections for fragments of charge 5 and below have not been previously reported. Also, the charge-changing cross sections are compared to earlier measurements and to NUCFRG2 and the Bradt-Peters model.

Published
2000

31. Water equivalent hydrogen estimates from the first 200 sols of Curiosity’s traverse (Bradbury Landing to Yellowknife Bay): Results from the Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons (DAN) passive mode experiment

Author

Tate, C.G., Moersch, J., Jun, I., Ming, D.W., Mitrofanov, I., Litvak, M., Behar, A., Boynton, W.V., Deflores, L., Drake, D., Ehresmann, B., Fedosov, F., Golovin, D., Hardgrove, C., Harshman, K., Hassler, D.M., Kozyrev, A.S., Kuzmin, R., Lisov, D., Malakhov, A., Milliken, R., Mischna, M., Mokrousov, M., Nikiforov, S., Sanin, A.B., Starr, R., Varenikov, A., Vostrukhin, A., and Zeitlin, C.

Published
2015
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36. Mars Science Laboratory Observations of the 2018/Mars Year 34 Global Dust Storm

Author

Guzewich, Scott D, Lemmon, M, Smith, C. L, Martinez, G, de Vicente-Retortillo, A, Newman, C. E, Baker, M, Campbell, C, Cooper, B, Gomez-Elvira, J, Harri, A.-M, Hassler, D, Martin-Torres, F. J, McConnochie, T, Moores, J. E, Kahanpaa, H, Khayat, A, Richardson, M. I, Smith, M. D, Sullivan, R, de la Torre Juarez, M, Vasavada, A. R, Viudez-Moreiras, D, Zeitlin, C, and Zorzano Mier, Maria-Paz

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover observations of the 2018/Mars year 34 global/planet-encircling dust storm represent the first in situ measurements of a global dust storm with dedicated meteorological sensors since the Viking Landers. The Mars Science Laboratory team planned and executed a science campaign lasting approximately 100 Martian sols to study the storm involving an enhanced cadence of environmental monitoring using the rover's meteorological sensors, cameras, and spectrometers. Mast Camera 880-nanometer optical depth reached 8.5, and Rover Environmental Monitoring Station measurements indicated a 97 percent reduction in incident total ultraviolet solar radiation at the surface, 30 degrees Kelvin reduction in diurnal range of air temperature, and an increase in the semidiurnal pressure tide amplitude to 40 pascals. No active dust-lifting sites were detected within Gale Crater, and global and local atmospheric dynamics were drastically altered during the storm. This work presents an overview of the mission's storm observations and initial results.

Published
2019
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37. The Hohmann–Parker effect measured by the Mars Science Laboratory on the transfer from Earth to Mars: Consequences and opportunities

Author

Posner, A., Odstrĉil, D., MacNeice, P., Rastaetter, L., Zeitlin, C., Heber, B., Elliott, H., Frahm, R.A., Hayes, J.J.E., von Rosenvinge, T.T., Christian, E.R., Andrews, J.P., Beaujean, R., Böttcher, S., Brinza, D.E., Bullock, M.A., Burmeister, S., Cucinotta, F.A., Ehresmann, B., Epperly, M., Grinspoon, D., Guo, J., Hassler, D.M., Kim, M.-H., Köhler, J., Kortmann, O., Martin Garcia, C., Müller-Mellin, R., Neal, K., Rafkin, S.C.R., Reitz, G., Seimetz, L., Smith, K.D., Tyler, Y., Weigle, E., and Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.F.

Published
2013
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39. 2001 Mars Odyssey Mission Summary

Author

Saunders, R. S., Arvidson, R. E., Badhwar, G. D., Boynton, W. V., Christensen, P. R., Cucinotta, F. A., Feldman, W. C., Gibbs, R. G., Kloss, C., Jr., Landano, M. R., Mase, R. A., Mcsmith, G. W., Meyer, M. A., Mitrofanov, I. G., Pace, G. D., Plaut, J. J., Sidney, W. P., Spencer, D. A., Thompson, T. W., Zeitlin, C. J., and Russell, Christopher T., editor

Published
2004
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47. Dose Calibration of the ISS-RAD Fast Neutron Detector

Author

Zeitlin, C

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography
Abstract

The ISS-RAD instrument has been fabricated by Southwest Research Institute and delivered to NASA for flight to the ISS in late 2015 or early 2016. ISS-RAD is essentially two instruments that share a common interface to ISS. The two instruments are the Charged Particle Detector (CPD), which is very similar to the MSL-RAD detector on Mars, and the Fast Neutron Detector (FND), which is a boron-loaded plastic scintillator with readout optimized for the 0.5 to 10 MeV energy range. As the FND is completely new, it has been necessary to develop methodology to allow it to be used to measure the neutron dose and dose equivalent. This talk will focus on the methods developed and their implementation using calibration data obtained in quasi-monoenergetic (QMN) neutron fields at the PTB facility in Braunschweig, Germany. The QMN data allow us to determine an approximate response function, from which we estimate dose and dose equivalent contributions per detected neutron as a function of the pulse height. We refer to these as the "pSv per count" curves for dose equivalent and the "pGy per count" curves for dose. The FND is required to provide a dose equivalent measurement with an accuracy of 10% of the known value in a calibrated AmBe field. Four variants of the analysis method were developed, corresponding to two different approximations of the pSv per count curve, and two different implementations, one for real-time analysis onboard ISS and one for ground analysis. We will show that the preferred method, when applied in either real-time or ground analysis, yields good accuracy for the AmBe field. We find that the real-time algorithm is more susceptible to chance-coincidence background than is the algorithm used in ground analysis, so that the best estimates will come from the latter.

Published
2015

49. The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) Investigation

Author

Hassler, D. M., Zeitlin, C., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Böttcher, S., Martin, C., Andrews, J., Böhm, E., Brinza, D. E., Bullock, M. A., Burmeister, S., Ehresmann, B., Epperly, M., Grinspoon, D., Köhler, J., Kortmann, O., Neal, K., Peterson, J., Posner, A., Rafkin, S., Seimetz, L., Smith, K. D., Tyler, Y., Weigle, G., Reitz, G., and Cucinotta, F. A.

Published
2012
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