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1. Short-term effects of particulate matter on mortality during forest fires in Southern Europe: results of the MED-PARTICLES Project

Author

Faustini, Annunziata, Alessandrini, Ester R, Pey, Jorge, Perez, Noemi, Samoli, Evangelia, Querol, Xavier, Cadum, Ennio, Perrino, Cinzia, Ostro, Bart, Ranzi, Andrea, Sunyer, Jordi, Stafoggia, Massimo, Forastiere, Francesco, Angelini, P, Berti, G, Bisanti, L, Catrambone, M, Chiusolo, M, Davoli, M, de’ Donato, F, Demaria, M, Gandini, M, Grosa, M, Ferrari, S, Pandolfi, P, Pelosini, R, Pietrodangelo, A, Pizzi, L, Poluzzi, V, Priod, G, Randi, G, Rowinski, M, Scarinzi, C, Stivanello, E, Zauli-Sajani, S, Dimakopoulou, K, Elefteriadis, K, Katsouyanni, K, Kelessis, A, Maggos, T, Michalopoulos, N, Pateraki, S, Petrakakis, M, Rodopoulou, S, Sypsa, V, Agis, D, Alguacil, J, Artiñano, B, Barrera-Gómez, J, Basagaña, X, de la Rosa, J, Diaz, J, Fernandez, R, Jacquemin, B, Karanasiou, A, Linares, C, Sanchez, AM, Tobias, A, Bidondo, M, Declercq, C, Le Tertre, A, Lozano, P, Medina, S, Pascal, L, and Pascal, M

Published
2015
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2. Desert Dust Outbreaks in Southern Europe: Contribution to Daily PM10 Concentrations and Short-Term Associations with Mortality and Hospital Admissions

Author

STAFOGGIA, MASSIMO, ALESSANDRINI, ESTER RITA, MARCHESI, STEFANO, PANDOLFI, PAOLO, RANZI, ANDREA, FORASTIERE, FRANCESCO, ANGELINI, PAOLA, DAVOLI, MARINA, FERRARI, SILVIA, PIZZI, LORENZO, POLUZZI, VANES, STIVANELLO, ELISA, Zauli Sajani, Stefano, Pey, Jorge, Samoli, Evangelia, Basagaã±a, Xavier, Cernigliaro, Achille, Chiusolo, Monica, Demaria, Moreno, Dã­az, Julio, Faustini, Annunziata, Katsouyanni, Klea, Kelessis, Apostolos G., Linares, Cristina, Medina, Sylvia, Pã©rez, Noemã, Querol, Xavier, Randi, Giorgia, Tobias, A., Berti, G., Bisanti, L., Cadum, E., Catrambone, M., Chiusolo, M., de Donato, F., Demaria, M., Gandini, M., Grosa, M., Faustini, A., Pelosini, R., Perrino, C., Pietrodangelo, A., Priod, G., Randi, G., Ranzi, A., Rowinski, M., Scarinzi, C., Zauli Sajani, S., Dimakopoulou, K., Elefteriadis, K., Katsouyanni, K., Kelessis, A., Maggos, T., Michalopoulos, N., Pateraki, S., Petrakakis, M., Rodopoulou, S., Samoli, E., Sypsa, V., Agis, D., Alguacil, J., Artiã±ano, B., Barrera Gómez, J., Basagaã±a, X., de la Rosa, J., Diaz, J., Fernandez, R., Jacquemin, B., Karanasiou, A., Linares, C., Ostro, B., Perez, N., Pey, J., Querol, X., Salvador, P., Sanchez, A. M., Sunyer, J., Bidondo, M., Declercq, C., Le Tertre, A., Lozano, P., Medina, S., Pascal, L., Pascal, M., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Matemàtica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CoDAlab - Control, Modelització, Identificació i Aplicacions, Perez, Noemi, Querol, Xavier, Tobías, Aurelio, Perez, Noemi [0000-0003-2420-6727], Querol, Xavier [0000-0002-6549-9899], Tobías, Aurelio [0000-0001-6428-6755], Stafoggia, Massimo, Zauli Sajani, Stefano, Pey, Jorge, Samoli, Evangelia, Alessandrini, ESTER RITA, Basagaã±a, Xavier, Cernigliaro, Achille, Chiusolo, Monica, Demaria, Moreno, Dã­az, Julio, Faustini, Annunziata, Katsouyanni, Klea, Kelessis, Apostolos G., Linares, Cristina, Marchesi, Stefano, Medina, Sylvia, Pandolfi, Paolo, Pã©rez, Noemã, Randi, Giorgia, Ranzi, Andrea, Tobias, A., Forastiere, Francesco, Angelini, Paola, Berti, G., Bisanti, L., Cadum, E., Catrambone, M., Chiusolo, M., Davoli, Marina, de Donato, F., Demaria, M., Gandini, M., Grosa, M., Faustini, A., Ferrari, Silvia, Pelosini, R., Perrino, C., Pietrodangelo, A., Pizzi, Lorenzo, Poluzzi, Vane, Priod, G., Randi, G., Ranzi, A., Rowinski, M., Scarinzi, C., Stivanello, Elisa, Zauli Sajani, S., Dimakopoulou, K., Elefteriadis, K., Katsouyanni, K., Kelessis, A., Maggos, T., Michalopoulos, N., Pateraki, S., Petrakakis, M., Rodopoulou, S., Samoli, E., Sypsa, V., Agis, D., Alguacil, J., Artiã±ano, B., Barrera Gómez, J., Basagaã±a, X., de la Rosa, J., Diaz, J., Fernandez, R., Jacquemin, B., Karanasiou, A., Linares, C., Ostro, B., Perez, N., Pey, J., Querol, X., Salvador, P., Sanchez, A. M., Sunyer, J., Bidondo, M., Declercq, C., Le Tertre, A., Lozano, P., Medina, S., Pascal, L., and Pascal, M.

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Cardiovascular Disease, Pólvores metàl·liques, Respiratory Tract Disease, Air Pollutants, Aire -- Contaminació, Dust, Particulates, Pollution, Citie, Europe, Hospitalization, Geography, Air Pollutant, Cardiovascular Diseases, Contaminació, Seasons, Desert Climate, Sand dust, geographic locations, Human, Air -- Pollution, Health outcomes, complex mixtures, Air pollutants, Environmental health, Air Pollution, medicine, Humans, Ciències de la salut::Impacte ambiental [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Cities, Mortality, Particle Size, Desert dust, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Desert climate, Research, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, Metal powders, respiratory tract diseases, Particulate Matter, Season, Particulate matter, Pols -- Aspectes ambientals
Abstract

Background: Evidence on the association between short-term exposure to desert dust and health outcomes is controversial. Objectives: We aimed to estimate the short-term effects of particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) on mortality and hospital admissions in 13 Southern European cities, distinguishing between PM10 originating from the desert and from other sources. Methods: We identified desert dust advection days in multiple Mediterranean areas for 2001–2010 by combining modeling tools, back-trajectories, and satellite data. For each advection day, we estimated PM10 concentrations originating from desert, and computed PM10 from other sources by difference. We fitted city-specific Poisson regression models to estimate the association between PM from different sources (desert and non-desert) and daily mortality and emergency hospitalizations. Finally, we pooled city-specific results in a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: On average, 15% of days were affected by desert dust at ground level (desert PM10 > 0 μg/m3). Most episodes occurred in spring–summer, with increasing gradient of both frequency and intensity north–south and west–east of the Mediterranean basin. We found significant associations of both PM10 concentrations with mortality. Increases of 10 μg/m3 in non-desert and desert PM10 (lag 0–1 days) were associated with increases in natural mortality of 0.55% (95% CI: 0.24, 0.87%) and 0.65% (95% CI: 0.24, 1.06%), respectively. Similar associations were estimated for cardio-respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. Conclusions: PM10 originating from the desert was positively associated with mortality and hospitalizations in Southern Europe. Policy measures should aim at reducing population exposure to anthropogenic airborne particles even in areas with large contribution from desert dust advections. © 2016, Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services. All Rights Reserved.

Published
2015

5. Loss processes affecting submicrometer particles in a house heavily affected by road traffic emissions

Author

Vu T, Zauli-Sajani S, Poluzzi V, Delgado-Saborit J, and Harrison R

Abstract

The fraction of outdoor aerosol that penetrates into indoor environments plays an important role in determining the contribution of outdoor particles to the total lung dose of particles in human exposure. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical processes affecting migration of outdoor traffic particles into indoor environments. Particle number size distributions were measured by a fast mobility particle sizer system in both indoor and outdoor environments of a house located in close proximity to a busy street in Bologna (Italy) in the period February-April 2012. Indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratios for submicron particle number concentrations showed strong dependence on particle size and meteorological conditions. The loss rates of particles due to deposition, coagulation, and evaporation were determined using dynamic mass balance and coagulation models. Higher loss rates were found for small particles (nucleation and Aitken mode) indoors than for larger particles (accumulation mode). The coagulation and evaporation processes made a significant contribution to the loss of traffic nanoparticles indoors, especially during the day time. Application of positive matrix factorization to the indoor and outdoor particle size distributions showed a substantial loss of traffic-generated nucleation mode particles in the indoor environment, with evaporation playing a major role.

Published
2017

6. Development of an APP as alert system for severe air pollution episodes

Author

Zauli-Sajani S, Kułach J, Pickford R, Colacci A, Broglia E, Marmiroli N, Urych B, Cyrys J, and Szilágyi L

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Air pollution, medicine, Environmental science, Medical emergency, medicine.disease_cause, medicine.disease, Pollution, Alert system
Published
2019

7. Desert Dust Outbreaks in Southern Europe: Contribution to Daily PM10 Concentrations and Short-Term Associations with Mortality and Hospital Admissions

Author

Stafoggia, Massimo Zauli-Sajani, Stefano Pey, Jorge Samoli, Evangelia Alessandrini, Ester Basagana, Xavier Cernigliaro, Achille Chiusolo, Monica Demaria, Moreno Diaz, Julio and Faustini, Annunziata Katsouyanni, Klea Kelessis, Apostolos G. and Linares, Cristina Marchesi, Stefano Medina, Sylvia and Pandolfi, Paolo Perez, Noemi Querol, Xavier Randi, Giorgia and Ranzi, Andrea Tobias, Aurelio Forastiere, Francesco and Alessandrini, E. Angelini, P. Berti, G. Bisanti, L. and Cadum, E. Catrambone, M. Chiusolo, M. Davoli, M. de' Donato, F. Demaria, M. Gandini, M. Grosa, M. Faustini, A. Ferrari, S. Forastiere, F. Pandolfi, P. Pelosini, R. and Perrino, C. Pietrodangelo, A. Pizzi, L. Poluzzi, V. and Priod, G. Randi, G. Ranzi, A. Rowinski, M. Scarinzi, C. and Stafoggia, M. Stivanello, E. Zauli-Sajani, S. and Dimakopoulou, K. Elefteriadis, K. Katsouyanni, K. Kelessis, A. Maggos, T. Michalopoulos, N. Pateraki, S. Petrakakis, M. Rodopoulou, S. Samoli, E. Sypsa, V. Agis, D. and Alguacil, J. Artinano, B. Barrera-Gomez, J. Basagana, X. and de la Rosa, J. Diaz, J. Fernandez, R. Jacquemin, B. and Karanasiou, A. Linares, C. Ostro, B. Perez, N. Pey, J. and Querol, X. Salvador, Pedro Sanchez, A. M. Sunyer, J. and Tobias, A. Bidondo, M. Declercq, C. Le Tertre, A. and Lozano, P. Medina, S. Pascal, L. Pascal, M. and MED-PARTICLES Study Grp

Subjects
fungi, complex mixtures, geographic locations, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the association between short-term exposure to desert dust and health outcomes is controversial. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to estimate the short-term effects of particulate matter 0 mu g/m(3)). Most episodes occurred in spring-summer, with increasing gradient of both frequency and intensity north-south and west-east of the Mediterranean basin. We found significant associations of both PM10 concentrations with mortality. Increases of 10 mu g/m(3) in non-desert and desert PM10 (lag 0-1 days) were associated with increases in natural mortality of 0.55% (95% CI: 0.24, 0.87%) and 0.65% (95% CI: 0.24, 1.06%), respectively. Similar associations were estimated for cardio-respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. CONCLUSIONS: PM10 originating from the desert was positively associated with mortality and hospitalizations in Southern Europe. Policy measures should aim at reducing population exposure to anthropogenic airborne particles even in areas with large contribution from desert dust advections.

Published
2016

8. Associations between fine and coarse particles and mortality in Mediterranean cities: Results from the MED-PARTICLES project

Author

Samoli, E. Stafoggia, M. Rodopoulou, S. Ostro, B. Declercq, C. Alessandrini, E. Díaz, J. Karanasiou, A. Kelessis, A.G. Tertre, A.L. Pandolfi, P. Randi, G. Scarinzi, C. Zauli-Sajani, S. Katsouyanni, K. Forastiere, F. Alessandrini, E. Angelini, P. Berti, G. Bisanti, L. Cadum, E. Catrambone, M. Chiusolo, M. Davoli, M. de’ Donato, F. Demaria, M. Gandini, M. Grosa, M. Faustini, A. Ferrari, S. Forastiere, F. Pandolfi, P. Pelosini, R. Perrino, C. Pietrodangelo, A. Pizzi, L. Poluzzi, V. Priod, G. Randi, G. Ranzi, A. Rowinski, M. Scarinzi, C. Stivanello, E. Zauli-Sajani, S. Dimakopoulou, K. Elefteriadis, K. Katsouyanni, K. G.Kelessis, A. Maggos, T. Michalopoulos, N. Pateraki, S. Petrakakis, M. Rodopoulou, S. Samoli, E. Sypsa, V. Agis, D. Alguacil, J. Artiñano, B. Barrera-Gómez, J. Basagaña, X. de la Rosa, J. Diaz, J. Fernandez, R. Jacquemin, B. Linares, C. Ostro, B. Pérez, N. Pey, J. Querol, X. Sanchez, AM. Sunyer, J. Tobias, A. Bidondo, M. Declercq, C. Le Tertre, A. Lozano, P. Medina, S. Pascal, L. Pascal, M. MED-PARTICLES Study Group

Subjects
complex mixtures
Abstract

Background: Few studies have investigated the independent health effects of different size fractions of particulate matter (PM) in multiple locations, especially in Europe. Objectives: We estimated the short-term effects of PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ ; 10; μm (PM10), ≤ 2.5; μm (PM2.5), and between 2.5 and 10; μm (PM2.5-10) on all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in 10 European Mediterranean metropolitan areas within the MED-PARTICLES project. Methods: We analyzed data from each city using Poisson regression models, and combined city-specific estimates to derive overall effect estimates. We evaluated the sensitivity of our estimates to co-pollutant exposures and city-specific model choice, and investigated effect modification by age, sex, and season. We applied distributed lag and threshold models to investigate temporal patterns of associations. Results: A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.55% (95% CI: 0.27, 0.84%) increase in all-cause mortality (0-1 day cumulative lag), and a 1.91% increase (95% CI: 0.71, 3.12%) in respiratory mortality (0-5 day lag). In general, associations were stronger for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality than all-cause mortality, during warm versus cold months, and among those ≥ 75 versus < 75 years of age. Associations with PM2.5-10 were positive but not statistically significant in most analyses, whereas associations with PM10 seemed to be driven by PM2.5. Conclusions: We found evidence of adverse effects of PM2.5 on mortality outcomes in the European Mediterranean region. Associations with PM2.5-10 were positive but smaller in magnitude. Associations were stronger for respiratory mortality when cumulative exposures were lagged over 0-5 days, and were modified by season and age.

Published
2013

9. Short-term effects of particulate matter constituents on daily hospitalizations and mortality in five South-European cities: Results from the MED-PARTICLES project

Author

Basagana X., Jacquemin B., Karanasiou A., Ostro B., Querol X., Agis D., Alessandrini E., Alguacil J., Artinano B., Catrambone M., de la Rosa J.D., Diaz J., Faustini A., Ferrari S., Forastiere F., Katsouyanni K., Linares C., Perrino C., Ranzi A., Ricciardelli I., Samoli E., Zauli-Sajani S., Sunyer J., Stafoggia M., Angelini P., Berti G., Bisanti L., Cadum E., Chiusolo M., Davoli M., de'Donato F., Demaria M., Gandini M., Grosa M., Pandolfi P., Pelosini R., Pietrodangelo A., Pizzi L., Poluzzi V., Priod G., Randi G., Rowinski M., Scarinzi C., Stivanello E., Dimakopoulou K., Elefteriadis K., Kelessis A., Maggos T., Michalopoulos N., Pateraki S., Petrakakis M., Rodopoulou S., Sypsa V., Barrera-Gomez J., delaRosa J., Fernandez R., Perez N., Pey J., Salvador P., Sanchez AM, Tobias A., Bidondo M., Declercq C., LeTertre A., Lozano P., Medina S., Pascal L., Pascal M., European Commission, Xavier Basagaña, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Angeliki Karanasiou, Bart Ostro, Xavier Querol, David Agi, Ester Alessandrini, Juan Alguacil, Begoña Artiñano, Maria Catrambone, Jesús D. de la Rosa, Julio Díaz, Annunziata Faustini, Silvia Ferrari, Francesco Forastiere, Klea Katsouyanni, Cristina Linare, Cinzia Perrino, Andrea Ranzi, Isabella Ricciardelli, Evangelia Samoli, Stefano Zauli-Sajani, Jordi Sunyer, Massimo Stafoggia, on behalf of the MED-PARTICLES Study group: […, E. Alessandrini, P. Angelini, G. Berti, L.Bisanti, E. Cadum, M. Catrambone, M. Chiusolo, M. Davoli, F. de' Donato, M. Demaria, M. Gandini, M. Grosa, A. Faustini, S. Ferrari, F. Forastiere, P. Pandolfi, R.Pelosini, C. Perrino, A. Pietrodangelo, L. Pizzi, V. Poluzzi, G.Priod, G. Randi, A. Ranzi, M. Rowinski, C.Scarinzi, M.Stafoggia, E. Stivanello, S.Zauli-Sajani, and …]

Subjects
Acute effects, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Chemical constituent, Nitrate, Air pollutants, Specie, Interquartile range, Environmental health, Cardiovascular Disease, Metals, Heavy, medicine, Humans, Cities, Particle Size, Mortality, Respiratory Tract Disease, lcsh:Environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Cardiovascular mortality, Hospital admissions, lcsh:GE1-350, Species, Air Pollutants, Nitrates, business.industry, Sulfates, Particulates, Hospital admission, Sulfate, Citie, Total mortality, Hospitalization, Italy, Air Pollutant, Cardiovascular Diseases, Spain, Mediterranean area, Particulate Matter, business, Particulate matter, Human
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Few recent studies examined acute effects on health of individual chemical species in the particulate matter (PM) mixture, and most of them have been conducted in North America. Studies in Southern Europe are scarce. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between particulate matter constituents and daily hospital admissions and mortality in five cities in Southern Europe. METHODS: The study included five cities in Southern Europe, three cities in Spain: Barcelona (2003-2010), Madrid (2007-2008) and Huelva (2003-2010); and two cities in Italy: Rome (2005-2007) and Bologna (2011-2013). A case-crossover design was used to link cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions and total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality with a pre-defined list of 16 PM10 and PM2.5 constituents. Lags 0 to 2 were examined. City-specific results were combined by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Most of the elements studied, namely EC, SO4(2-), SiO2, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ti, Mn, V and Ni, showed increased percent changes in cardiovascular and/or respiratory hospitalizations, mainly at lags 0 and 1. The percent increase by one interquartile range (IQR) change ranged from 0.69% to 3.29%. After adjustment for total PM levels, only associations for Mn, Zn and Ni remained significant. For mortality, although positive associations were identified (Fe and Ti for total mortality; EC and Mg for cardiovascular mortality; and NO3(-) for respiratory mortality) the patterns were less clear. CONCLUSIONS: The associations found in this study reflect that several PM constituents, originating from different sources, may drive previously reported results between PM and hospital admissions in the Mediterranean area. The research described in this article was conducted under the grant agreement European Commission, Environment LIFE10/IT/327. We thank the Instituto Nacional de Estadística and the Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona for providing the mortality data, the Consorci Sanitari de Barcelona (Cat-Salut) for providing hospitalization data for Barcelona and the Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia (Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente) for providing the weather data for Spain. Sí

Published
2015
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11. Short-term effects of particulate matter constituents on daily hospitalizations and mortality in five South-European cities: Results from the MED-PARTICLES project

Author

Basagaña, X. Jacquemin, B. Karanasiou, A. Ostro, B. Querol, X. Agis, D. Alessandrini, E. Alguacil, J. Artiñano, B. Catrambone, M. De La Rosa, J.D. Díaz, J. Faustini, A. Ferrari, S. Forastiere, F. Katsouyanni, K. Linares, C. Perrino, C. Ranzi, A. Ricciardelli, I. Samoli, E. Zauli-Sajani, S. Sunyer, J. Stafoggia, M. Angelini, P. Berti, G. Bisanti, L. Cadum, E. Chiusolo, M. Davoli, M. De'Donato, F. Demaria, M. Gandini, M. Grosa, M. Pandolfi, P. Pelosini, R. Pietrodangelo, A. Pizzi, L. Poluzzi, V. Priod, G. Randi, G. Rowinski, M. Scarinzi, C. Stivanello, E. Dimakopoulou, K. Elefteriadis, K. Kelessis, A. Maggos, T. Michalopoulos, N. Pateraki, S. Petrakakis, M. Rodopoulou, S. Sypsa, V. Barrera-Gómez, J. Fernandez, R. Perez, N. Pey, J. Salvador, P. Sanchez, A.M. Tobias, A. Bidondo, M. Declercq, C. Le Tertre, A. Lozano, P. Medina, S. Pascal, L. Pascal, M. MED-PARTICLES Study group

Abstract

Background: Few recent studies examined acute effects on health of individual chemical species in the particulate matter (PM) mixture, and most of them have been conducted in North America. Studies in Southern Europe are scarce. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between particulate matter constituents and daily hospital admissions and mortality in five cities in Southern Europe. Methods: The study included five cities in Southern Europe, three cities in Spain: Barcelona (2003-2010), Madrid (2007-2008) and Huelva (2003-2010); and two cities in Italy: Rome (2005-2007) and Bologna (2011-2013). A case-crossover design was used to link cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions and total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality with a pre-defined list of 16 PM10and PM2.5constituents. Lags 0 to 2 were examined. City-specific results were combined by random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Most of the elements studied, namely EC, SO4 2-, SiO2,Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ti, Mn, V and Ni, showed increased percent changes in cardiovascular and/or respiratory hospitalizations, mainly at lags 0 and 1. The percent increase by one interquartile range (IQR) change ranged from 0.69% to 3.29%. After adjustment for total PM levels, only associations for Mn, Zn and Ni remained significant. For mortality, although positive associations were identified (Fe and Ti for total mortality; EC and Mg for cardiovascular mortality; and NO3 -for respiratory mortality) the patterns were less clear. Conclusions: The associations found in this study reflect that several PM constituents, originating from different sources, may drive previously reported results between PM and hospital admissions in the Mediterranean area. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2015

12. Il profilo di salute per il nuovo Piano della Prevenzione della Regione Emilia-Romagna, 2014-2018

Author

Angelini, P, Bal, M, Baldacchini, F, Ballarini, A, Ballotari, P, Balsamo, A, Baronciani, D, Baronio, F, Bedeschi, E, Bertozzi, N, Bolognesi, L, Borciani, E, Borrini, Bm, Botarelli, L, Broccoli, S, Busciolano, S, Buttazzi, R, I Cagarelli R, Cacciapuoti, Caranci, N, Carrozzi, G, Cassio, A, Colacci, Am, Collarile, P, Collini, G, De Palma, R, Diegoli, G, Falaschi, L, Falcini, F, Fedruzzi, G, Ferrari, D, Ferretti, S, Ferri, M, Finarelli, Ac, Finelli, A, Frasca, G, Fridel, M, Gagliotti, C, Galletti, G, Giannini, S, Giorgi Rossi, P, Giuliani, O, Goldoni, Ca, Gualanduzzi, C, Guastarobaa, P, Luberto, F, Mangone, L, Manicardi, V, Marchesi, C, Massaro, S, Massimiliani, E, Mattivi, A, Mazzocchetti, A, Michiara, M, Miraglia, V, Moro, Ml, Moschella, L, Naldoni, C, Natali, M, Natalini, S, L Nocera L, Nobilio, Pacelli, B, Padovani, A, Paladini, M, Palazzi, M, Paolucci, C, Marenti, M, Parmagnani, F, Pascucci, Mg, Rangoni, R, Ranzi, A, Ravaioli, A, Ricchizzi, E, Righetti, F, Romanelli, A, Sampaolo, L, Santi, A, Saponaro, A, Sardonini, L, Sassoli de'Bianchi, P, Scaroni, I, Stivanello, E, Tamba, M, Tortorici, D, Rondinini, Az, and Zauli Sajani, S

Subjects
Socio-culturale
Published
2015

13. Short-term effects of particulate matter on mortality during forest fires in Southern Europe: Results of the MED-PARTICLES project

Author

Faustini, A. Alessandrini, E.R. Pey, J. Perez, N. Samoli, E. Querol, X. Cadum, E. Perrino, C. Ostro, B. Ranzi, A. Sunyer, J. Stafoggia, M. Forastiere, F. Angelini, P. Berti, G. Bisanti, L. Catrambone, M. Chiusolo, M. Davoli, M. De'donato, F. Demaria, M. Gandini, M. Grosa, M. Ferrari, S. Pandolfi, P. Pelosini, R. Pietrodangelo, A. Pizzi, L. Poluzzi, V. Priod, G. Randi, G. Rowinski, M. Scarinzi, C. Stivanello, E. Zauli-Sajani, S. Dimakopoulou, K. Elefteriadis, K. Katsouyanni, K. Kelessis, A. Maggos, T. Michalopoulos, N. Pateraki, S. Petrakakis, M. Rodopoulou, S. Sypsa, V. Agis, D. Artiñano, B. Barrera-Gómez, J. Basagaña, X. De La Rosa, J. Diaz, J. Fernandez, R. Jacquemin, B. Karanasiou, A. Linares, C. Sanchez, A.M. Tobias, A. Bidondo, M. Declercq, C. Le Tertre, A. Lozano, P. Medina, S. Pascal, L. Pascal, M.

Abstract

Background: An association between occurrence of wildfires and mortality in the exposed population has been observed in several studies with controversial results for cause-specific mortality. In the Mediterranean area, forest fires usually occur during spring-summer, they overlap with Saharan outbreaks, are associated with increased temperature and their health effects are probably due to an increase in particulate matter. Aim and methods: We analysed the effects of wildfires and particulate matter (PM10) on mortality in 10 southern European cities in Spain, France, Italy and Greece (2003-2010), using satellite data for exposure assessment and Poisson regression models, simulating a case-crossover approach. Results: We found that smoky days were associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (lag 0-5, 6.29%, 95% CIs 1.00 to 11.85). When the effect of PM10 (per 10 mg/m3) was evaluated, there was an increase in natural mortality (0.49%), cardiovascular mortality (0.65%) and respiratory mortality (2.13%) on smoke-free days, but PM10-related mortality was higher on smoky days (natural mortality up to 1.10% and respiratory mortality up to 3.90%) with a suggestion of effect modification for cardiovascular mortality (3.42%, p value for effect modification 0.055), controlling for Saharan dust advections. Conclusions: Smoke is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in urban residents, and PM10 on smoky days has a larger effect on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality than on other days.

Published
2015

16. Particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in the Mediterranean Basin: Results from the MED-PARTICLES project

Author

Karanasiou, A. Querol, X. Alastuey, A. Perez, N. Pey, J. Perrino, C. Berti, G. Gandini, M. Poluzzi, V. Ferrari, S. de la Rosa, J. Pascal, M. Samoli, E. Kelessis, A. Sunyer, J. Alessandrini, E. Stafoggia, M. Forastiere, F. Angelini, P. Bisanti, L. Cadum, E. Catrambone, M. Chiusolo, M. Davoli, M. de'Donato, F. Demaria, M. Grosa, M. Faustini, A. Pandolfi, P. Pelosini, R. Pietrodangelo, A. Pizzi, L. Priod, G. Randi, G. Ranzi, A. Rowinski, M. Scarinzi, C. Stivanello, E. Zauli-Sajani, S. Dimakopoulou, K. Elefteriadis, K. Katsouyanni, K. Maggos, T. Michalopoulos, N. Pateraki, S. Petrakakis, M. Rodopoulou, S. Sypsa, V. Artiñano, B. Barrera-Gómez, J. Basagaña, X. Diaz, J. Jacquemin, B. Linares, C. Ostro, B. Tobias, A. Bidondo, M. Declercq, C. Le Tertre, A. Lozano, P. Medina, S. Pascal, M.

Abstract

Previous studies reported significant variability of air pollutants across Europe with the lowest concentrations generally found in Northern Europe and the highest in Southern European countries. Within the MED-PARTICLES project the spatial and temporal variations of long-term PM and gaseous pollutants data were investigated in traffic and urban background sites across Southern Europe. The highest PM levels were observed in Greece and Italy (Athens, Thessaloniki, Turin and Rome) while all traffic sites showed high NO2levels, frequently exceeding the established limit value. High PM2.5/PM10ratios were calculated indicating that fine particles comprise a large fraction of PM10, with the highest values found in the urban background sites. It seems that although in traffic sites the concentrations of both PM2.5and PM10are significantly higher than those registered in urban background sites, the coarse fraction PM2.5-10is more important at the traffic sites. This fact is probably due to the high levels of resuspended road dust in sites highly affected by traffic, a phenomenon particularly relevant for Mediterranean countries. The long-term trends of air pollutants revealed a significant decrease of the concentration levels for PM, SO2and CO while for NO2no clear trend or slightly increasing trends were observed. This reduction could be attributed to the effectiveness of abatement measures and strategies and also to meteorological conditions and to the economic crisis that affected Southern Europe. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2014

17. Which specific causes of death are associated with short term exposure to fine and coarse particles in Southern Europe? Results from the MED-PARTICLES project

Author

Samoli, E. Stafoggia, M. Rodopoulou, S. Ostro, B. Alessandrini, E. Basagan~a, X. Di´az, J. Faustini, A. Gandini, M. Karanasiou, A. Kelessis, A.G. Le Tertre, A. Linares, C. Ranzi, A. Scarinzi, C. Katsouyanni, K. Forastiere, F. Angelini, P. Berti, G. Bisanti, L. Cadum, E. Catrambone, M. Chiusolo, M. Davoli, M. de' Donato, F. Demaria, M. Grosa, M. Ferrari, S. Pandolfi, P. Pelosini, R. Perrino, C. Pietrodangelo, A. Pizzi, L. Poluzzi, V. Priod, G. Randi, G. Rowinski, M. Stivanello, E. Zauli-Sajani, S. Dimakopoulou, K. Elefteriadis, K. Kelessis, A. Maggos, T. Michalopoulos, N. Pateraki, S. Petrakakis, M. Sypsa, V. Agis, D. Artiñano, B. Barrera-Gómez, J. de la Rosa, J. Diaz, J. Fernandez, R. Jacquemin, B. Perez, N. Pey, J. Querol, X. Sanchez, AM. Sunyer, J. Tobias, A. Bidondo, M. Declercq, C. Lozano, P. Medina, S. Pascal, L. Pascal, M. MED-PARTICLES Study group

Abstract

We investigated the short-term effects of particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 and 10μm (PM2.5-10) and less than 10μm (PM10) on deaths from diabetes, cardiac and cerebrovascular causes, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 10 European Mediterranean metropolitan areas participating in the MED-PARTICLES project during 2001-2010.In the first stage of the analysis, data from each city were analyzed separately using Poisson regression models, whereas in the second stage, the city-specific air pollution estimates were combined to obtain overall estimates. We investigated the effects following immediate (lags 0-1), delayed (lags 2-5) and prolonged exposure (lags 0-5) and effect modification patterns by season. We evaluated the sensitivity of our results to co-pollutant exposures or city-specific model choice. We applied threshold models to investigate the pattern of selected associations.For a 10μg/m3 increase in two days' PM2.5 exposure there was a 1.23% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): -1.63%, 4.17%) increase in diabetes deaths, while six days' exposure statistically significantly increased cardiac deaths by 1.33% (95% CI: 0.27, 2.40%), COPD deaths by 2.53% (95% CI: -0.01%, 5.14%) and LRTI deaths by 1.37% (95% CI: -1.94%, 4.78%). PM2.5 results were robust to co-pollutant adjustments and alternative modeling approaches. Stronger effects were observed in the warm season. Coarse particles displayed positive, even if not statistically significant, associations with mortality due to diabetes and cardiac causes that were more variable depending on exposure period, co-pollutant and seasonality adjustment.Our findings provide support for positive associations between PM2.5 and mortality due to diabetes, cardiac causes, COPD, and to a lesser degree to cerebrovascular causes, in the European Mediterranean region, which seem to drive the particles short-term health effects. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2014

18. Environmental indicators in EpiAir2 project: Air quality data for epidemiological surveillance [Indicatori ambientali nello studio EpiAir2: I dati di qualità dell'aria per la sorveglianza epidemiologica]

Author

Gandini, M., Berti, G., Cattani, G., Faustini, A., Scarinzi, C., Donato, F., Accetta, G., Angiuli, L., Caldara, S., Carreras, G., Casale, P., Di Biagio, K., Giannini, S., Iuzzolino, C., Lanzani, G., Lauriola, P., Leuci, P., Mariuz, M., Marchesi, S., Nocioni, A., Pistollato, S., Pizzi, L., Ranzi, A., Serinelli, M., Stagnaro, E., Vianello, L., Vigotti, M., Zauli-Sajani, S., Cadum, E., Alessandrini, E. R., Angelini, P., Antonelli, A., Arena, P., Assennato, G., Baccini, M., Baldacchini, F., Baldacci, S., Baldini, M., Baldo, V., Ballarino, G., Balzi, D., Barban, I., Barbati, G., Barbone, F., Barchielli, A., Baroni, S., Barontini, R., Bartolacci, S., Bellodi, S., Berico, M., Biggeri, A., Bisanti, L., Bonfanti, M., Bonomolo, A., Bonvicini, L., Bovenzi, M., Brescianini, C., Broccoli, S., Bruni, A., Calzolari, R., Canossa, E., Canova, C., Caramia, G., Casale, G., Casella, C., Casetta, A., Cernigliaro, A., Cerrai, S., Cervino, M., Cestari, L., Chellini, E., Chiusolo, M., Ciaccia, G., Cibella, F., Cocchio, S., Crosetto, L., Cuccaro, F., Daris, F., Girolamo, G., Togni, A., Di Leo, A., Di Lonardo, S., Dessì, M. P., Evangelista, A., Faccini, F., Fallani, G., Forastiere, F., Fruzzetti, R., Galassi, C., Gallo, G., Gallo, L., Ganzi, A., Garrone, E., Gatti, G., Gherardi, B., Gianicolo, E. A. L., Giua, R., Goldoni, C. A., Grechi, D., Grosa, M., Guerrini, N., Impallomeni, M., La Torretta, T., Luberto, F., Lupi, A., Madonia, G., Maio, S., Malaguti, A., Mangia, C., Mariottini, M., Marotta, A., Martini, A., Menegotto, M., Merlo, F., Migliore, E., Minerba, S., Minichilli, F., Mircea, M., Morassuto, C., Nuvolone, D., Onorati, R. N. G., Padolecchia, G., Palazzi, B., Pandolfi, P., Parodi, S., Pasetti, P., Pensato, A., Piersanti, A., Piovesan, C., Pizzuti, R., Addario, S. P., Porcaro, L., Protti, M., Puppo, A., Raciti, M., Randi, G., Rosa, M., Rubini, G., Sacco, F., Santoro, M., Sarno, G., Scala, D., Scondotto, S., Selle, V., Simeoni, R., Simonato, L., Simoni, M., Spagnolo, G., Massimo Stafoggia, Starnino, G., Stivanello, E., Tominz, R., Troiano, F., Vercelli, M., Viegi, G., Vigotti, M. A., Volta, C., Zanini, G., and Zero, F.

Published
2013

19. Inquinamento atmosferico e ricoveri ospedalieri urgenti in 25 città italiane: risultati del progetto EpiAir2. [Air pollution and urgent hospital admissions in 25 Italian cities: results from the EpiAir2 project]

Author

Scarinzi, C, Alessandrini, Er, Chiusolo, M, Galassi, C, Baldini, M, Serinelli, M, Pandolfi, P, Bruni, A, Biggeri, A, DE TOGNI, A, Carreras, G, Casella, C, Canova, C, Randi, G, Ranzi, A, Morassuto, C, Cernigliaro, A, Giannini, S, Lauriola, P, Minichilli, F, Gherardi, B, ZAULI SAJANI, S, Stafoggia, M, Casale, P, Gianicolo, Ea, Piovesan, C, Tominz, R, Porcaro, L, Cadum, E, GRUPPO COLLABORATIVO EPIAIR2, and Vercelli, Marina

Subjects
Air pollution and urgent hospital admissions
Published
2013

20. Short-term associations between fine and coarse particulate matter and hospitalizations in Southern Europe: Results from the MED-PARTICLES project

Author

Stafoggia, M. Samoli, E. Alessandrini, E. Cadum, E. Ostro, B. Berti, G. Faustini, A. Jacquemin, B. Linares, C. Pascal, M. Randi, G. Ranzi, A. Stivanello, E. Forastiere, F. Angelini, P. Bisanti, L. Catrambone, M. Chiusolo, M. Davoli, M. de’ Donato, F. Demaria, M. Gandini, M. Grosa, M. Ferrari, S. Pandolfi, P. Pelosini, R. Perrino, C. Pietrodangelo, A. Pizzi, L. Poluzzi, V. Priod, G. Rowinski, M. Scarinzi, C. Zauli-Sajani, S. Dimakopoulou, K. Elefteriadis, K. Katsouyanni, K. Kelessis, A. Maggos, T. Michalopoulos, N. Pateraki, S. Petrakakis, M. Rodopoulou, S. Sypsa, V. Artiñano, B. Barrera-Gómez, J. Basagaña, X. de la Rosa, J. Diaz, J. Karanasiou, A. Pey, J. Querol, X. Sunyer, J. Tobias, A. Bidondo, M. Declercq, C. Le Tertre, A. Lozano, P. Medina, S. Pascal, L. MED-PARTICLES Study Group

Subjects
complex mixtures
Abstract

Background: Evidence on the short-term effects of fine and coarse particles on morbidity in Europe is scarce and inconsistent. Objectives: We aimed to estimate the association between daily concentrations of fine and coarse particles with hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory conditions in eight Southern European cities, within the MED-PARTICLES project. Methods: City-specific Poisson models were fitted to estimate associations of daily concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤ 10 (PM10), and their difference (PM2.5-10) with daily counts of emergency hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. We derived pooled estimates from random-effects meta-analysis and evaluated the robustness of results to co-pollutant exposure adjustment and model specification. Pooled concentration-response curves were estimated using a meta-smoothing approach. Results: We found significant associations between all PM fractions and cardiovascular admissions. Increases of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5, 6.3 μg/m3 in PM2.5-10, and 14.4 μg/m3 in PM10 (lag 0-1 days) were associated with increases in cardiovascular admissions of 0.51% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.90%), 0.46% (95% CI: 0.10, 0.82%), and 0.53% (95% CI: 0.06, 1.00%), respectively. Stronger associations were estimated for respiratory hospitalizations, ranging from 1.15% (95% CI: 0.21, 2.11%) for PM10 to 1.36% (95% CI: 0.23, 2.49) for PM2.5 (lag 0-5 days). Conclusions: PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 were positively associated with cardiovascular and respiratory admissions in eight Mediterranean cities. Information on the short-term effects of different PM fractions on morbidity in Southern Europe will be useful to inform European policies on air quality standards.

Published
2013

21. Indicatori ambientali nello studio EpiAir2: i dati di qualità dell’aria per la sorveglianza epidemiologica. [Environmental indicators in EpiAir2 project: air quality data for epidemiological surveillance]

Author

Gandini, M, Berti, G, Cattani, G, Faustini, A, Scarinzi, C, DE DONATO, F, Accetta, G, Angiuli, L, Caldara, S, Carreras, G, Casale, P, DI BIAGIO, K, Giannini, S, Iuzzolino, C, Lanzani, G, Lauriola, P, Leuci, P, Mariuz, M, Marchesi, S, Nocioni, A, Pistollato, S, Pizzi, L, Ranzi, A, Serinelli, M, Stagaro, E, Vianello, L, Vigotti, Ma, ZAULI SAJANI, S, Cadum, E, GRUPPO COLLABORATIVO EPIAIR2, and Vercelli, Marina

Subjects
environmental indicators, epidemiological surveillance
Published
2013

28. Aerosol-ozone correlations during dust transport episodes

Author

Bonasoni, P., primary, Cristofanelli, P., additional, Calzolari, F., additional, Bonafè, U., additional, Evangelisti, F., additional, Stohl, A., additional, Zauli Sajani, S., additional, van Dingenen, R., additional, Colombo, T., additional, and Balkanski, Y., additional

Published
2004
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29. Saharan dust and daily mortality in Emilia-Romagna (Italy)

Author

Zauli Sajani S, Miglio R, Bonasoni P, Cristofanelli P, Marinoni A, Sartini C, Goldoni CA, De Girolamo G, and Lauriola P

Abstract

Objective To investigate the association between Saharan dust outbreaks and natural, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. Methods A case-crossover design was adopted to assess the effects of Saharan dust days (SDD) on mortality in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The population under study consisted of residents in the six main towns of the central-western part of the region who died between August 2002 and December 2006. The association of Saharan dust outbreaks and PM(10) concentration with mortality was estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusted for apparent temperature, holidays, summer population decrease, flu epidemic weeks and heat wave days. The role of the interaction term between PM(10) and SDD was analysed to test for effect modification induced by SDD on the PM(10)-mortality concentration-response function. Separate estimates were undertaken for hot and cold seasons. Results We found some evidence of increased respiratory mortality for people aged 75 or older on SDD. Respiratory mortality increased by 22.0% (95% CI 4.0% to 43.1%) on the SDD in the whole year model and by 33.9% (8.4% to 65.4%) in the hot season model. Effects substantially attenuated for natural and cardiovascular mortality with ORs of 1.042 (95% CI 0.992 to 1.095) and 1.043 (95% CI 0.969 to 1.122), respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest an association between respiratory mortality in the elderly and Saharan dust outbreaks. We found no evidence of an effect modification of dust events on the concentration-response relationship between PM(10) and daily deaths. Further work should be carried out to clarify the mechanism of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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30. Short-term effects of particulate matter on mortality during forest fires in Southern Europe: results of the MED-PARTICLES Project

Author

Faustini, Annunziata, Alessandrini, Ester R., Pey, Jorge, Perez, Noemi, Samoli, Evangelia, Querol, Xavier, Cadum, Ennio, Perrino, Cinzia, Ostro, Bart, Ranzi, Andrea, Sunyer, Jordi, Stafoggia, Massimo, Forastiere, Francesco, Angelini, P., Berti, G., Bisanti, L., Catrambone, M., Chiusolo, M., Davoli, M., De'donato, F., Demaria, M., Gandini, M., Grosa, M., Ferrari, S., Pandolfi, P., Pelosini, R., Pietrodangelo, A., Pizzi, L., Poluzzi, V., Priod, G., Randi, G., Rowinski, M., Scarinzi, C., Stivanello, E., Zauli-Sajani, S., Dimakopoulou, K., Elefteriadis, K., Katsouyanni, K., Kelessis, A., Maggos, T., Michalopoulos, N., Pateraki, S., Petrakakis, M., Rodopoulou, S., Sypsa, V., Agis, D., Alguacil, J., Artiñano, B., Barrera-Gómez, J., Basagaña, X., De La Rosa, J., Diaz, J., Fernandez, R., Jacquemin, B., Karanasiou, A., Linares, C., Sanchez, A. M., Tobias, A., Bidondo, M., Declercq, C., Le Tertre, A., Lozano, P., Medina, S., Pascal, L., Pascal, M., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Matemàtica Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CoDAlab - Control, Modelització, Identificació i Aplicacions, Annunziata Faustini, Ester Rita Alessandrini, Jorge Pey, Noemi Perez, Evangelia Samoli, Xavier Querol, Ennio Cadum, Cinzia Perrino, Bart Ostro, Andrea Ranzi, Jordi Sunyer, Massimo Stafoggia, Francesco Forastiere, the MED-PARTICLES study group: […, P Angelini, G Berti, L Bisanti, M Catrambone, M Chiusolo, M Davoli, F de’ Donato, M Demaria, M Gandini, M Grosa, S Ferrari, P Pandolfi, R Pelosini, A Pietrodangelo, L Pizzi, V Poluzzi, G Priod, G Randi, M Rowinski, C Scarinzi, E Stivanello, S Zauli-Sajani, and …]

Subjects
PM, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Sistema cardiovascular -- Malalties, Forests, Medi ambient -- Anàlisi d'impacte, health effects, Environmental protection, Cardiovascular Disease, Satellite data, Smoke, Medicine, Respiratory Tract Disease, Air Pollutants, Mediterranean Region, Aire -- Contaminació, Matemàtiques i estadística [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Dust, Particulates, Fire, Citie, Europe, Air Pollutant, Cardiovascular Diseases, symbols, Mediterranean area, Seasons, Human, Air -- Pollution, Exposed Population, Fires, symbols.namesake, Cor -- Malalties, Air Pollution, parasitic diseases, forest fires, Humans, Forest, Poisson regression, Ciències de la salut::Impacte ambiental [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Cities, Cardiovascular mortality, business.industry, Cardiovascular system -- Diseases, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, Environmental Exposure, Environmental impact analysis, Air quality, Particulate Matter, Season, business, Demography
Abstract

Background: An association between occurrence of wildfires and mortality in the exposed population has been observed in several studies with controversial results for cause-specific mortality. In the Mediterranean area, forest fires usually occur during spring-summer, they overlap with Saharan outbreaks, are associated with increased temperature and their health effects are probably due to an increase in particulate matter. Aim and methods: We analysed the effects of wildfires and particulate matter (PM10) on mortality in 10 southern European cities in Spain, France, Italy and Greece (2003-2010), using satellite data for exposure assessment and Poisson regression models, simulating a case-crossover approach. Results: We found that smoky days were associated with increased cardiovascular mortality (lag 0-5, 6.29%, 95% CIs 1.00 to 11.85). When the effect of PM10 (per 10 mg/m3) was evaluated, there was an increase in natural mortality (0.49%), cardiovascular mortality (0.65%) and respiratory mortality (2.13%) on smoke-free days, but PM10-related mortality was higher on smoky days (natural mortality up to 1.10% and respiratory mortality up to 3.90%) with a suggestion of effect modification for cardiovascular mortality (3.42%, p value for effect modification 0.055), controlling for Saharan dust advections. Conclusions: Smoke is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in urban residents, and PM10 on smoky days has a larger effect on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality than on other days.

31. Policies for the promotion of sustainable mobility and the reduction of traffic-related air pollution in the cities participating in the EpiAir2 project,Le politiche per la promozione della mobilità sostenibile e la riduzione dell'inquinamento atmosferico causato dal traffico veicolare nelle città partecipanti allo studio EpiAir2

Author

Di Lonardo, S., Nuvolone, D., Forastiere, F., Cadum, E., Barchielli, A., Accetta, G., Alessandrini, E. R., Angelini, P., Angiuli, L., Antonelli, A., Arena, P., Assennato, G., Baccini, M., FLAVIA BALDACCHINI, Baldacci, S., Baldini, M., Baldo, V., Ballarino, G., Balzi, D., Barban, I., Barbati, G., Barbone, F., Baroni, S., Barontini, R., Bartolacci, S., Bellodi, S., Berico, M., Berti, G., Biggeri, A., Bisanti, L., Bonfanti, M., Bonomolo, A., Bonvicini, L., Bovenzi, M., Brescianini, C., Broccoli, S., Bruni, A., Caldara, S., Calzolari, R., Canossa, E., Canova, C., Caramia, G., Carreras, G., Casale, G., Casale, P., Casella, C., Casetta, A., Cattani, G., Cernigliaro, A., Cerrai, S., Cervino, M., Cestari, L., Chellini, E., Chiusolo, M., Ciaccia, G., Cibella, F., Cocchio, S., Crosetto, L., Cuccaro, F., Daris, F., Donato, F., Girolamo, G., Togni, A., Di Biagio, K., Di Leo, A., Dessì, M. P., Evangelista, A., Faccini, F., Fallani, G., Faustini, A., Fruzzetti, R., Galassi, C., Gallo, G., Gallo, L., Gandini, M., Ganzi, A., Garrone, E., Gatti, G., Gherardi, B., Gianicolo, E. A. L., Giannini, S., Giua, R., Goldoni, C. A., Grechi, D., Grosa, M., Guerrini, N., Impallomeni, M., Iuzzolino, C., La Torretta, T., Lanzani, G., Lauriola, P., Leuci, P., Luberto, F., Lupi, A., Madonia, G., Maio, S., Malaguti, A., Mangia, C., Marchesi, S., Mariottini, M., Mariuz, M., Marotta, A., Martini, A., Menegotto, M., Merlo, F., Migliore, E., Minerba, S., Minichilli, F., Mircea, M., Morassuto, C., Nocioni, A., Nuzzi, R., Onorati, G., Padolecchia, G., Palazzi, B., Pandolfi, P., Parodi, S., Pasetti, P., Pensato, A., Piersanti, A., Piovesan, C., Pistollato, S., Pizzi, L., Pizzuti, R., Addario, S. P., Porcaro, L., Protti, M., Puppo, A., Raciti, M., Randi, G., Ranzi, A., Rosa, M., Rubini, G., Sacco, F., Santoro, M., Sarno, G., Scala, D., Scarinzi, C., Scondotto, S., Selle, V., Serinelli, M., Simeoni, R., Simonato, L., Simoni, M., Spagnolo, G., Stafoggia, M., Stagnaro, E., Starnino, G., Stivanello, E., Tominz, R., Troiano, F., Vercelli, M., Vianello, L., Viegi, G., Vigotti, M. A., Volta, C., Zanini, G., Zauli-Sajani, S., and Zero, F.

32. Air pollution and urgent hospital admissions in 25 Italian cities: Results from the EpiAir2 project,Inquinamento atmosferico e ricoveri ospedalieri urgenti in 25 città Italiane: Risultati del progetto EpiAir2

Author

Scarinzi, C., Alessandrini, E. R., Chiusolo, M., Galassi, C., Baldini, M., Serinelli, M., Pandolfi, P., Bruni, A., Biggeri, A., Togni, A., Carreras, G., Casella, C., Canova, C., Randi, G., Andrea Ranzi, Morassuto, C., Cernigliaro, A., Giannini, S., Lauriola, P., Minichilli, F., Gherardi, B., Zauli-Sajani, S., Stafoggia, M., Casale, P., Gianicolo, E. A. L., Piovesan, C., Tominz, R., Porcaro, L., Cadum, E., Accetta, G., Angelini, P., Angiuli, L., Antonelli, A., Arena, P., Assennato, G., Baccini, M., Baldacchini, F., Baldacci, S., Baldo, V., Ballarino, G., Balzi, D., Barban, I., Barbati, G., Barbone, F., Barchielli, A., Baroni, S., Barontini, R., Bartolacci, S., Bellodi, S., Berico, M., Berti, G., Bisanti, L., Bonfanti, M., Bonomolo, A., Bonvicini, L., Bovenzi, M., Brescianini, C., Broccoli, S., Caldara, S., Calzolari, R., Canossa, E., Caramia, G., Casale, G., Casetta, A., Cattani, G., Cerrai, S., Cervino, M., Cestari, L., Chellini, E., Ciaccia, G., Cibella, F., Cocchio, S., Crosetto, L., Cuccaro, F., Daris, F., Donato, F., Girolamo, G., Di Biagio, K., Di Leo, A., Di Lonardo, S., Dessì, M. P., Evangelista, A., Faccini, F., Fallani, G., Faustini, A., Forastiere, F., Fruzzetti, R., Gallo, G., Gallo, L., Gandini, M., Ganzi, A., Garrone, E., Gatti, G., Giua, R., Goldoni, C. A., Grechi, D., Grosa, M., Guerrini, N., Impallomeni, M., Iuzzolino, C., La Torretta, T., Lanzani, G., Leuci, P., Luberto, F., Lupi, A., Madonia, G., Maio, S., Malaguti, A., Mangia, C., Marchesi, S., Mariottini, M., Mariuz, M., Marotta, A., Martini, A., Menegotto, M., Merlo, F., Migliore, E., Minerba, S., Mircea, M., Nocioni, A., Nuvolone, D., Nuzzi, R., Onorati, G., Padolecchia, G., Palazzi, B., Parodi, S., Pasetti, P., Pensato, A., Piersanti, A., Pistollato, S., Pizzi, L., Pizzuti, R., Addario, S. P., Protti, M., Puppo, A., Raciti, M., Rosa, M., Rubini, G., Sacco, F., Santoro, M., Sarno, G., Scala, D., Scondotto, S., Selle, V., Simeoni, R., Simonato, L., Simoni, M., Spagnolo, G., Stagnaro, E., Starnino, G., Stivanello, E., Troiano, F., Vercelli, M., Vianello, L., Viegi, G., Vigotti, M. A., Volta, C., Zanini, G., and Zero, F.

33. Air pollution and urgent hospital admissions in 25 Italian cities: Results from the EpiAir2 project | Inquinamento atmosferico e ricoveri ospedalieri urgenti in 25 città Italiane: Risultati del progetto EpiAir2

Author

Scarinzi, C., Alessandrini, E. R., Chiusolo, M., Galassi, C., Baldini, M., Serinelli, M., Pandolfi, P., Bruni, A., Biggeri, A., Togni, A., Carreras, G., Casella, C., Canova, C., Randi, G., Ranzi, A., Morassuto, C., Cernigliaro, A., Giannini, S., Lauriola, P., Minichilli, F., Gherardi, B., Zauli-Sajani, S., Stafoggia, M., Casale, P., Gianicolo, E. A. L., Piovesan, C., Tominz, R., Porcaro, L., Cadum, E., Accetta, G., Angelini, P., Angiuli, L., Antonelli, A., Arena, P., Assennato, G., Baccini, M., Baldacchini, F., Baldacci, S., Baldo, V., Ballarino, G., Balzi, D., Barban, I., Barbati, G., Fabio Barbone, Barchielli, A., Baroni, S., Barontini, R., Bartolacci, S., Bellodi, S., Berico, M., Berti, G., Bisanti, L., Bonfanti, M., Bonomolo, A., Bonvicini, L., Bovenzi, M., Brescianini, C., Broccoli, S., Caldara, S., Calzolari, R., Canossa, E., Caramia, G., Casale, G., Casetta, A., Cattani, G., Cerrai, S., Cervino, M., Cestari, L., Chellini, E., Ciaccia, G., Cibella, F., Cocchio, S., Crosetto, L., Cuccaro, F., Daris, F., Donato, F., Girolamo, G., Di Biagio, K., Di Leo, A., Di Lonardo, S., Dessì, M. P., Evangelista, A., Faccini, F., Fallani, G., Faustini, A., Forastiere, F., Fruzzetti, R., Gallo, G., Gallo, L., Gandini, M., Ganzi, A., Garrone, E., Gatti, G., Giua, R., Goldoni, C. A., Grechi, D., Grosa, M., Guerrini, N., Impallomeni, M., Iuzzolino, C., La Torretta, T., Lanzani, G., Leuci, P., Luberto, F., Lupi, A., Madonia, G., Maio, S., Malaguti, A., Mangia, C., Marchesi, S., Mariottini, M., Mariuz, M., Marotta, A., Martini, A., Menegotto, M., Merlo, F., Migliore, E., Minerba, S., Mircea, M., Nocioni, A., Nuvolone, D., Nuzzi, R., Onorati, G., Padolecchia, G., Palazzi, B., Parodi, S., Pasetti, P., Pensato, A., Piersanti, A., Pistollato, S., Pizzi, L., Pizzuti, R., Addario, S. P., Protti, M., Puppo, A., Raciti, M., Rosa, M., Rubini, G., Sacco, F., Santoro, M., Sarno, G., Scala, D., Scondotto, S., Selle, V., Simeoni, R., Simonato, L., Simoni, M., Spagnolo, G., Stagnaro, E., Starnino, G., Stivanello, E., Troiano, F., Vercelli, M., Vianello, L., Viegi, G., Vigotti, M. A., Volta, C., Zanini, G., and Zero, F.

34. Environmental indicators in EpiAir2 project: Air quality data for epidemiological surveillance,Indicatori ambientali nello studio EpiAir2: I dati di qualità dell'aria per la sorveglianza epidemiologica

Author

Gandini, M., Berti, G., Cattani, G., Faustini, A., Scarinzi, C., Donato, F., Accetta, G., Angiuli, L., Caldara, S., Carreras, G., Casale, P., Di Biagio, K., Giannini, S., Iuzzolino, C., Lanzani, G., Lauriola, P., Leuci, P., Mariuz, M., Marchesi, S., Nocioni, A., Pistollato, S., Pizzi, L., Ranzi, A., Serinelli, M., Stagnaro, E., Vianello, L., Vigotti, M., Zauli-Sajani, S., Cadum, E., Alessandrini, E. R., Angelini, P., Antonelli, A., Arena, P., Assennato, G., Baccini, M., Baldacchini, F., Baldacci, S., Baldini, M., Baldo, V., Ballarino, G., Balzi, D., Barban, I., Barbati, G., Barbone, F., Barchielli, A., Baroni, S., Barontini, R., Bartolacci, S., Bellodi, S., Berico, M., Biggeri, A., Bisanti, L., Bonfanti, M., Bonomolo, A., Bonvicini, L., Bovenzi, M., Brescianini, C., Broccoli, S., Bruni, A., Calzolari, R., Canossa, E., Canova, C., Caramia, G., Casale, G., Casella, C., Casetta, A., Cernigliaro, A., Cerrai, S., Cervino, M., Cestari, L., Chellini, E., Chiusolo, M., Ciaccia, G., Cibella, F., Cocchio, S., Crosetto, L., Cuccaro, F., Daris, F., Girolamo, G., Togni, A., Di Leo, A., Di Lonardo, S., Dessì, M. P., Evangelista, A., Faccini, F., Fallani, G., Forastiere, F., Fruzzetti, R., Galassi, C., Gallo, G., Gallo, L., Ganzi, A., Garrone, E., Gatti, G., Gherardi, B., Gianicolo, E. A. L., Giua, R., Goldoni, C. A., Grechi, D., Grosa, M., Guerrini, N., Impallomeni, M., La Torretta, T., Ferdinando Luberto, Lupi, A., Madonia, G., Maio, S., Malaguti, A., Mangia, C., Mariottini, M., Marotta, A., Martini, A., Menegotto, M., Merlo, F., Migliore, E., Minerba, S., Minichilli, F., Mircea, M., Morassuto, C., Nuvolone, D., Onorati, R. N. G., Padolecchia, G., Palazzi, B., Pandolfi, P., Parodi, S., Pasetti, P., Pensato, A., Piersanti, A., Piovesan, C., Pizzuti, R., Addario, S. P., Porcaro, L., Protti, M., Puppo, A., Raciti, M., Randi, G., Rosa, M., Rubini, G., Sacco, F., Santoro, M., Sarno, G., Scala, D., Scondotto, S., Selle, V., Simeoni, R., Simonato, L., Simoni, M., Spagnolo, G., Stafoggia, M., Starnino, G., Stivanello, E., Tominz, R., Troiano, F., Vercelli, M., Viegi, G., Vigotti, M. A., Volta, C., Zanini, G., and Zero, F.

35. Short-term impact of air pollution among Italian cities covered by the EpiAir2 project,Impatto a breve termine dell'inquinamento dell'aria nelle città coperte dalla sorveglianza epidemiologica EpiAir2

Author

Baccini, M., Biggeri, A., Accetta, G., Alessandrini, E. R., Angelini, P., Angiuli, L., Antonelli, A., Arena, P., Assennato, G., Baldacchini, F., Baldacci, S., Baldini, M., Baldo, V., Ballarino, G., Balzi, D., Barban, I., Barbati, G., Barbone, F., Barchielli, A., Baroni, S., Barontini, R., Bartolacci, S., Bellodi, S., Berico, M., Berti, G., Bisanti, L., Bonfanti, M., Bonomolo, A., Bonvicini, L., Bovenzi, M., Brescianini, C., Broccoli, S., Bruni, A., Cadum, E., Caldara, S., Calzolari, R., Canossa, E., Canova, C., Caramia, G., Carreras, G., Casale, G., Casale, P., Casella, C., Casetta, A., Cattani, G., Cernigliaro, A., Cerrai, S., Cervino, M., Cestari, L., Chellini, E., Chiusolo, M., Ciaccia, G., Cibella, F., Cocchio, S., Crosetto, L., Cuccaro, F., Daris, F., Francesca K. de'Donato, Girolamo, G., Togni, A., Di Biagio, K., Di Leo, A., Di Lonardo, S., Dessì, M. P., Evangelista, A., Faccini, F., Fallani, G., Faustini, A., Forastiere, F., Fruzzetti, R., Galassi, C., Gallo, G., Gallo, L., Gandini, M., Ganzi, A., Garrone, E., Gatti, G., Gherardi, B., Gianicolo, E. A. L., Giannini, S., Giua, R., Goldoni, C. A., Grechi, D., Grosa, M., Guerrini, N., Impallomeni, M., Iuzzolino, C., La Torretta, T., Lanzani, G., Lauriola, P., Leuci, P., Luberto, F., Lupi, A., Madonia, G., Maio, S., Malaguti, A., Mangia, C., Marchesi, S., Mariottini, M., Mariuz, M., Marotta, A., Martini, A., Menegotto, M., Merlo, F., Migliore, E., Minerba, S., Minichilli, F., Mircea, M., Morassuto, C., Nocioni, A., Nuvolone, D., Nuzzi, R., Onorati, G., Padolecchia, G., Palazzi, B., Pandolfi, P., Parodi, S., Pasetti, P., Pensato, A., Piersanti, A., Piovesan, C., Pistollato, S., Pizzi, L., Pizzuti, R., Addario, S. P., Porcaro, L., Protti, M., Puppo, A., Raciti, M., Randi, G., Ranzi, A., Rosa, M., Rubini, G., Sacco, F., Santoro, M., Sarno, G., Scala, D., Scarinzi, C., Scondotto, S., Selle, V., Serinelli, M., Simeoni, R., Simonato, L., Simoni, M., Spagnolo, G., Stafoggia, M., Stagnaro, E., Starnino, G., Stivanello, E., Tominz, R., Troiano, F., Vercelli, M., Vianello, L., Viegi, G., Vigotti, M. A., Volta, C., Zanini, G., Zauli-Sajani, S., and Zero, F.

36. Short-term impact of air pollution among Italian cities covered by the EpiAir2 project | Impatto a breve termine dell'inquinamento dell'aria nelle città coperte dalla sorveglianza epidemiologica EpiAir2

Author

Baccini, M., Biggeri, A., Accetta, G., Alessandrini, E. R., Angelini, P., Angiuli, L., Antonelli, A., Arena, P., Assennato, G., Baldacchini, F., Baldacci, S., Baldini, M., Baldo, V., Ballarino, G., Balzi, D., Barban, I., Barbati, G., Barbone, F., Barchielli, A., Baroni, S., Barontini, R., Bartolacci, S., Bellodi, S., Berico, M., Berti, G., Bisanti, L., Bonfanti, M., Bonomolo, A., Bonvicini, L., Bovenzi, M., Brescianini, C., Broccoli, S., Bruni, A., Cadum, E., Caldara, S., Calzolari, R., Canossa, E., Canova, C., Caramia, G., Carreras, G., Casale, G., Casale, P., Casella, C., Casetta, A., Cattani, G., Cernigliaro, A., Cerrai, S., Cervino, M., Cestari, L., Chellini, E., Chiusolo, M., Ciaccia, G., Cibella, F., Cocchio, S., Crosetto, L., Cuccaro, F., Daris, F., Donato, F., Girolamo, G., Togni, A., Di Biagio, K., Di Leo, A., Di Lonardo, S., Dessì, M. P., Evangelista, A., Faccini, F., Fallani, G., Faustini, A., Forastiere, F., Fruzzetti, R., Galassi, C., Gallo, G., Gallo, L., Gandini, M., Ganzi, A., Garrone, E., Gatti, G., Gherardi, B., Gianicolo, E. A. L., Giannini, S., Giua, R., Goldoni, C. A., Grechi, D., Grosa, M., Guerrini, N., Impallomeni, M., Iuzzolino, C., La Torretta, T., Lanzani, G., Lauriola, P., Leuci, P., Luberto, F., Lupi, A., Madonia, G., Maio, S., Malaguti, A., Mangia, C., Marchesi, S., Mariottini, M., Mariuz, M., Marotta, A., Martini, A., Menegotto, M., Merlo, F., Migliore, E., Minerba, S., Fabrizio Minichilli, Mircea, M., Morassuto, C., Nocioni, A., Nuvolone, D., Nuzzi, R., Onorati, G., Padolecchia, G., Palazzi, B., Pandolfi, P., Parodi, S., Pasetti, P., Pensato, A., Piersanti, A., Piovesan, C., Pistollato, S., Pizzi, L., Pizzuti, R., Addario, S. P., Porcaro, L., Protti, M., Puppo, A., Raciti, M., Randi, G., Ranzi, A., Rosa, M., Rubini, G., Sacco, F., Santoro, M., Sarno, G., Scala, D., Scarinzi, C., Scondotto, S., Selle, V., Serinelli, M., Simeoni, R., Simonato, L., Simoni, M., Spagnolo, G., Stafoggia, M., Stagnaro, E., Starnino, G., Stivanello, E., Tominz, R., Troiano, F., Vercelli, M., Vianello, L., Viegi, G., Vigotti, M. A., Volta, C., Zanini, G., Zauli-Sajani, S., and Zero, F.

37. Air pollution and mortality in twenty-five Italian cities: Results of the EpiAir2 Project,Inquinamento atmosferico e mortalità in venticinque città Italiane: Risultati del progetto EpiAir2

Author

Alessandrini, E. R., Faustini, A., Chiusolo, M., Stafoggia, M., Gandini, M., Demaria, M., Antonelli, A., Arena, P., Biggeri, A., Canova, C., Casale, G., Cernigliaro, A., Garrone, E., Gherardi, B., Gianicolo, E. A. L., Giannini, S., Iuzzolino, C., Lauriola, P., Mariottini, M., Pasetti, P., Randi, G., Andrea Ranzi, Santoro, M., Selle, V., Serinelli, M., Stivanello, E., Tominz, R., Vigotti, M., Zauli-Sajani, S., Forastiere, F., Cadum, E., Accetta, G., Angelini, P., Angiuli, L., Assennato, G., Baccini, M., Baldacchini, F., Baldacci, S., Baldini, M., Baldo, V., Ballarino, G., Balzi, D., Barban, I., Barbati, G., Barbone, F., Barchielli, A., Baroni, S., Barontini, R., Bartolacci, S., Bellodi, S., Berico, M., Berti, G., Bisanti, L., Bonfanti, M., Bonomolo, A., Bonvicini, L., Bovenzi, M., Brescianini, C., Broccoli, S., Bruni, A., Caldara, S., Calzolari, R., Canossa, E., Caramia, G., Carreras, G., Casale, P., Casella, C., Casetta, A., Cattani, G., Cerrai, S., Cervino, M., Cestari, L., Chellini, E., Ciaccia, G., Cibella, F., Cocchio, S., Crosetto, L., Cuccaro, F., Daris, F., Donato, F., Girolamo, G., Togni, A., Di Biagio, K., Di Leo, A., Di Lonardo, S., Dessì, M. P., Evangelista, A., Faccini, F., Fallani, G., Fruzzetti, R., Galassi, C., Gallo, G., Gallo, L., Ganzi, A., Gatti, G., Giua, R., Goldoni, C. A., Grechi, D., Grosa, M., Guerrini, N., Impallomeni, M., La Torretta, T., Lanzani, G., Leuci, P., Luberto, F., Lupi, A., Madonia, G., Maio, S., Malaguti, A., Mangia, C., Marchesi, S., Mariuz, M., Marotta, A., Martini, A., Menegotto, M., Merlo, F., Migliore, E., Minerba, S., Minichilli, F., Mircea, M., Morassuto, C., Nocioni, A., Nuvolone, D., Nuzzi, R., Onorati, G., Padolecchia, G., Palazzi, B., Pandolfi, P., Parodi, S., Pensato, A., Piersanti, A., Piovesan, C., Pistollato, S., Pizzi, L., Pizzuti, R., Addario, S. P., Porcaro, L., Protti, M., Puppo, A., Raciti, M., Rosa, M., Rubini, G., Sacco, F., Sarno, G., Scala, D., Scarinzi, C., Scondotto, S., Simeoni, R., Simonato, L., Simoni, M., Spagnolo, G., Stagnaro, E., Starnino, G., Troiano, F., Vercelli, M., Vianello, L., Viegi, G., Vigotti, M. A., Volta, C., Zanini, G., and Zero, F.

38. Policies for the promotion of sustainable mobility and the reduction of traffic-related air pollution in the cities participating in the EpiAir2 project | Le politiche per la promozione della mobilità sostenibile e la riduzione dell'inquinamento atmosferico causato dal traffico veicolare nelle città partecipanti allo studio EpiAir2

Author

Di Lonardo, S., Nuvolone, D., Forastiere, F., Cadum, E., Barchielli, A., Accetta, G., Alessandrini, E. R., Angelini, P., Angiuli, L., Antonelli, A., Arena, P., Assennato, G., Baccini, M., Baldacchini, F., Baldacci, S., Baldini, M., Baldo, V., Ballarino, G., Balzi, D., Barban, I., Barbati, G., Fabio Barbone, Baroni, S., Barontini, R., Bartolacci, S., Bellodi, S., Berico, M., Berti, G., Biggeri, A., Bisanti, L., Bonfanti, M., Bonomolo, A., Bonvicini, L., Bovenzi, M., Brescianini, C., Broccoli, S., Bruni, A., Caldara, S., Calzolari, R., Canossa, E., Canova, C., Caramia, G., Carreras, G., Casale, G., Casale, P., Casella, C., Casetta, A., Cattani, G., Cernigliaro, A., Cerrai, S., Cervino, M., Cestari, L., Chellini, E., Chiusolo, M., Ciaccia, G., Cibella, F., Cocchio, S., Crosetto, L., Cuccaro, F., Daris, F., Donato, F., Girolamo, G., Togni, A., Di Biagio, K., Di Leo, A., Dessì, M. P., Evangelista, A., Faccini, F., Fallani, G., Faustini, A., Fruzzetti, R., Galassi, C., Gallo, G., Gallo, L., Gandini, M., Ganzi, A., Garrone, E., Gatti, G., Gherardi, B., Gianicolo, E. A. L., Giannini, S., Giua, R., Goldoni, C. A., Grechi, D., Grosa, M., Guerrini, N., Impallomeni, M., Iuzzolino, C., La Torretta, T., Lanzani, G., Lauriola, P., Leuci, P., Luberto, F., Lupi, A., Madonia, G., Maio, S., Malaguti, A., Mangia, C., Marchesi, S., Mariottini, M., Mariuz, M., Marotta, A., Martini, A., Menegotto, M., Merlo, F., Migliore, E., Minerba, S., Minichilli, F., Mircea, M., Morassuto, C., Nocioni, A., Nuzzi, R., Onorati, G., Padolecchia, G., Palazzi, B., Pandolfi, P., Parodi, S., Pasetti, P., Pensato, A., Piersanti, A., Piovesan, C., Pistollato, S., Pizzi, L., Pizzuti, R., Addario, S. P., Porcaro, L., Protti, M., Puppo, A., Raciti, M., Randi, G., Ranzi, A., Rosa, M., Rubini, G., Sacco, F., Santoro, M., Sarno, G., Scala, D., Scarinzi, C., Scondotto, S., Selle, V., Serinelli, M., Simeoni, R., Simonato, L., Simoni, M., Spagnolo, G., Stafoggia, M., Stagnaro, E., Starnino, G., Stivanello, E., Tominz, R., Troiano, F., Vercelli, M., Vianello, L., Viegi, G., Vigotti, M. A., Volta, C., Zanini, G., Zauli-Sajani, S., and Zero, F.

42. Urban Air Pollution Monitoring and Correlation Properties between Fixed-site Stations

Author

Stefano Zauli Sajani, Angela Montanari, Fabiana Scotto, Francesca Galassi, Paolo Lauriola, Zauli Sajani S., Scotto F., Lauriola P., Galassi F., and Montanari A.

Subjects
Pollution, Quality Control, Meteorology, media_common.quotation_subject, Air pollution, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Environment, medicine.disease_cause, Urban area, medicine, Humans, Cities, Waste Management and Disposal, media_common, Pollutant, geography, Air Pollutants, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Health Policy, Reproducibility of Results, Missing data, Trend analysis, Environmental science, Spatial variability, business, Telecommunications, Quality assurance, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The rich regional air-monitoring network of the Emilia- Romagna region of Italy has been used to quantify the spatial variability of the main pollutants within urban environments and to analyze the correlations between stations. The spatial variability of the concentrations of the majority of pollutants within the city was very high, making it difficult to differentiate and characterize the urban environments and to apply legal limits with uniform criteria. On the other hand, the correlations between the fixed-site monitoring stations were high enough for their data to be retained generally very appropriately for controlling temporal trends. Starting from the high correlation level, a procedure was proposed and tested to derive pollution levels, using short-term measurements, such as passive samplers and mobile-station data. The importance of long-term statistics in urban air pollution mapping was emphasized. Treatment of missing data in time series and quality assurance were indicated as possible fields for applications for the correlation properties.

Published
2004

43. Reducing biomass burning is key to decrease PM 2.5 exposure in European cities.

Author

Zauli-Sajani S, Thunis P, Pisoni E, Bessagnet B, Monforti-Ferrario F, De Meij A, Pekar F, and Vignati E

Abstract

Throughout the world, ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is the environmental factor that poses the greatest risk to health and most European citizens continue to be exposed to PM 2.5 levels well above World Health Organization guidelines. Here we present a comprehensive PM 2.5 modelling-based source allocation assessment in 708 urban areas in Europe. The results show that urban cores, together with their commuting zones, contribute an average of 22% to urban PM 2.5 concentrations levels. The residential sector is the highest source sector in 56% of cities. Its average contribution to PM 2.5 formation is 27%, with a cluster of cities in Northern Italy and Eastern Europe contributing to more than 50%. Industry, agriculture and road transport show average contributions of 18%, 17% and 14%, respectively. Most emissions from residential sectors are anthropogenic primary PM 2.5 which includes a condensable fraction. Furthermore, anthropogenic primary PM 2.5 represents the precursor with the highest contribution in most cities (72%), contributing an average of 35% to urban PM 2.5 levels. Emissions of anthropogenic primary PM 2.5 by the residential sector are almost entirely (with exceptions of few countries) due to biomass burning. These results suggest that the residential sector should be a key target of any policy to improve air quality and that climate policies promoting biomass as a climate-neutral fuel could have a detrimental effect on air quality. A more integrated approach to climate and air quality policy design is desirable., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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44. Effectiveness of a Protocol to Reduce Children's Exposure to Particulate Matter and NO 2 in Schools during Alert Days.

Author

Zauli-Sajani S, Marchesi S, Boselli G, Broglia E, Angella A, Maestri E, Marmiroli N, and Colacci A

Subjects
Carbon Dioxide, Child, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Nitrogen Dioxide, Particulate Matter analysis, SARS-CoV-2, Schools, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Air Pollution, Indoor prevention & control, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control
Abstract

Reducing children's exposure to air pollutants should be considered a primary goal, especially for the most vulnerable subjects. The goal of this study was to test the effectiveness of applying a protocol in the event of alert days, i.e., days with forecasted PM 10 levels above the EU limit value (50 µg/m 3 ). The test was conducted, before the onset of SARS-CoV-2 restrictions, in a classroom of a primary school in Parma (Italy)-a highly polluted area in Northern Italy. The protocol included indications for the frequency of opening windows and doors, as well as the activation of an air purifier. Teachers and students were asked to apply the protocol only in the event of alert days, while no indications were provided for non-alert days. A monitoring system measuring PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO 2 , and NO 2 was deployed in the classroom. Measurements of the same parameters were also performed outdoors near the school. The application of the protocol reduced the indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio for all toxic pollutants. The reduction was also remarkable for PM 10 -the most critical air quality parameter in the study area (1.5 and 1.1 for non-alert and alert days, respectively). Indoor concentrations of PM 10 -especially during non-alert days-were often higher than outdoors, showing a major contribution from resuspension due to the movement of people and personal cloud. The protocol did not cause any increase in indoor CO 2 levels. Our findings showed that the application of a ventilation protocol together with the contribution of an air purifier may represent an effective way to reduce children's exposure to air pollution during severe air pollution episodes. Considering the onset of COVID-19 and the airborne transmission of pathogens, this protocol now has more meaningful implications for children's welfare, and can be integrated with protocols designed as measures against the spread of SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2022
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45. The Secretive Liaison of Particulate Matter and SARS-CoV-2. A Hypothesis and Theory Investigation.

Author

Mescoli A, Maffei G, Pillo G, Bortone G, Marchesi S, Morandi E, Ranzi A, Rotondo F, Serra S, Vaccari M, Zauli Sajani S, Mascolo MG, Jacobs MN, and Colacci A

Abstract

As the novel coronavirus disease sweeps across the world, there is growing speculation on the role that atmospheric factors may have played on the different distribution of SARS-CoV-2, and on the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19. Knowing the role that environmental factors play in influenza virus outbreaks, environmental pollution and, in particular, atmospheric airborne (particulate matter, PM) has been considered as a potential key factor in the spread and mortality of COVID-19. A possible role of the PM as the virus carrier has also been debated. The role of PM in exacerbating respiratory and cardiovascular disease has been well recognized. Accumulating evidence support the hypothesis that PM can trigger inflammatory response at molecular, cellular and organ levels. On this basis, we developed the hypothesis that PM may play a role as a booster of COVID-19 rather than as a carrier of SARS-CoV-2. To support our hypothesis, we analyzed the molecular signatures detected in cells exposed to PM samples collected in one of the most affected areas by the COVID-19 outbreak, in Italy. T47D human breast adenocarcinoma cells were chosen to explore the global gene expression changes induced by the treatment with organic extracts of PM 2.5. The analysis of the KEGG's pathways showed modulation of several gene networks related to the leucocyte transendothelial migration, cytoskeleton and adhesion system. Three major biological process were identified, including coagulation, growth control and immune response. The analysis of the modulated genes gave evidence for the involvement of PM in the endothelial disease, coagulation disorders, diabetes and reproductive toxicity, supporting the hypothesis that PM, directly or through molecular interplay, affects the same molecular targets as so far known for SARS-COV-2, contributing to the cytokines storm and to the aggravation of the symptoms triggered by COVID-19. We provide evidence for a plausible cooperation of receptors and transmembrane proteins, targeted by PM and involved in COVID-19, together with new insights into the molecular interplay of chemicals and pathogens that could be of importance for sustaining public health policies and developing new therapeutic approaches., (Copyright © 2020 Mescoli, Maffei, Pillo, Bortone, Marchesi, Morandi, Ranzi, Rotondo, Serra, Vaccari, Zauli Sajani, Mascolo, Jacobs and Colacci.)

Published
2020
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46. Environmental pollution and COVID-19: the molecular terms and predominant disease outcomes of their sweetheart agreement.

Author

Colacci A, Bortone G, Maffei G, Marchesi S, Mescoli A, Parmagnani F, Pillo G, Ranzi A, Rotondo F, Serra S, Vaccari M, Zauli Sajani S, Mascolo MG, and Jacobs MN

Subjects
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 physiology, COVID-19 etiology, Cell Line, Tumor, Comorbidity, Coronaviridae physiology, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 physiology, Diabetes Mellitus epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus genetics, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Disease Susceptibility, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Humans, Hypertension epidemiology, Hypertension genetics, Hypertension metabolism, Inflammation epidemiology, Inflammation genetics, Inflammation metabolism, Italy, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity genetics, Obesity metabolism, Particulate Matter pharmacology, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon physiology, Receptors, Virus physiology, Risk, SARS-CoV-2 ultrastructure, Signal Transduction, Air Pollution adverse effects, COVID-19 epidemiology, Particulate Matter adverse effects, SARS-CoV-2 physiology
Abstract

As the Coronavirus situation (COVID-19) continues to evolve, many questions concerning the factors relating to the diffusion and severity of the disease remain unanswered.Whilst opinions regarding the weight of evidence for these risk factors, and the studies published so far are often inconclusive or offer contrasting results, the role of comorbidities in the risk of serious adverse outcomes in patients affected with COVID-19 appears to be evident since the outset. Hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are under discussion as important factors affecting the severity of disease. Air pollution has been considered to play a role in the diffusion of the virus, in the propagation of the contagion, in the severity of symptoms, and in the poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that environmental particulate matter (PM) can trigger inflammatory responses at molecular, cellular, and organ levels, sustaining respiratory, cardiovascular, and dysmetabolic diseases.To better understand the intricate relationships among pre-existing conditions, PM, and viral infection, we examined the response at the molecular level of T47D human breast adenocarcinoma cells exposed to different fractions of PM. T47D cells express several receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and ACE2, the main - but not the only - receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry.PM samples were collected in an urban background site located in the Northern area of the City of Bologna (Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy) during winter 2013. T47D cells were exposed to organic or aqueous (inorganic) extracts at the final concentration of 8 m3 for a 4-hour duration. Both the concentration and the exposure time were chosen to resemble an average outdoor exposure. RNA was extracted from cells, purified and hybridised on 66k microarray slides from Agilent.The lists of differentially expressed genes in PM organic extracts were evaluated by using Metacore, and an enrichment analysis was performed to identify pathways maps, process networks, and disease by biomarkers altered after T47D treatment.The analysis of the modulated genes gave evidence for the involvement of PM in dysmetabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity, and hypertension through the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) canonical pathway.On the basis of current knowledge, existing data, and exploratory experimental evidence, we tease out the likely molecular interplay that can ultimately tip the disease outcome into severity. Looking beyond ACE2, several additional key markers are identified. Disruption of these targets worsens pre-existing conditions and/or exacerbates the adverse effects induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whilst appropriately designed, epidemiological studies are very much needed to investigate these associations based on our hypothesis of investigation, by reviewing recent experimental and epidemiological evidence, here we speculate and provide new insights on the possible role of environmental pollution in the exacerbation of effects by SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses. This work is intended to assist in the development of appropriate investigative approaches to protect public health.

Published
2020
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47. Higher health effects of ambient particles during the warm season: The role of infiltration factors.

Author

Zauli-Sajani S, Rovelli S, Trentini A, Bacco D, Marchesi S, Scotto F, Zigola C, Lauriola P, Cavallo DM, Poluzzi V, Cattaneo A, and Hänninen O

Subjects
Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Indoor, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Particle Size, Seasons, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Particulate Matter
Abstract

A large number of studies have shown much higher health effects of particulate matter (PM) during the warm compared to the cold season. In this paper we present the results of an experimental study carried out in an unoccupied test apartment with the aim of understanding the reasons behind the seasonal variations of the health effects due to ambient PM 2.5 exposure. Measurements included indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 mass and chemical composition as well as particle size distribution of ultrafine particles. Monitoring campaigns were carried out during summer and winter following a ventilation protocol developed to replicate typical occupant behaviour according to a questionnaire-based survey. Our findings showed that seasonal variation of the relationship between ambient and indoor mass concentrations cannot entirely explain the apparent difference in PM toxicity between seasons and size distribution and chemical composition of particles were identified as other possible causes of changes in the apparent PM toxicity. A marked decrease of ultrafine particles (<100 nm) passing from outdoors to indoors was observed during winter; this resulted in higher indoor exposure to nanoparticles (<50 nm) during summer. With regards to the chemical composition, a pooled analysis showed infiltration factors of chemical species similar to that obtained for PM 2.5 mass with values increasing from 0.73 during winter to 0.90 during summer and few deviations from the pooled estimates. In particular, significantly lower infiltration factors and sink effect were found for nitrates and ammonium during winter. In addition, a marked increase in the contribution of indoor and outdoor sulfates to the total mass was observed during summer., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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48. Vertical variation of PM 2.5 mass and chemical composition, particle size distribution, NO 2 , and BTEX at a high rise building.

Author

Zauli Sajani S, Marchesi S, Trentini A, Bacco D, Zigola C, Rovelli S, Ricciardelli I, Maccone C, Lauriola P, Cavallo DM, Poluzzi V, Cattaneo A, and Harrison RM

Subjects
Benzene analysis, Environmental Monitoring methods, Humans, Italy, Particle Size, Seasons, Toluene analysis, Xylenes analysis, Air Pollution analysis, Benzene Derivatives analysis, Housing, Nitrogen Dioxide analysis
Abstract

Substantial efforts have been made in recent years to investigate the horizontal variability of air pollutants at regional and urban scales and epidemiological studies have taken advantage of resulting improvements in exposure assessment. On the contrary, only a few studies have investigated the vertical variability and their results are not consistent. In this study, a field experiment has been conducted to evaluate the variation of concentrations of different particle metrics and gaseous pollutants on the basis of floor height at a high rise building. Two 15-day monitoring campaigns were conducted in the urban area of Bologna, Northern Italy, one of the most polluted areas in Europe. Measurements sites were operated simultaneously at 2, 15, 26, 44 and 65 m a.g.l. Several particulate matter metrics including PM 2.5 mass and chemical composition, particle number concentration and size distribution were measured. Time integrated measurement of NO 2 and BTEX were also included in the monitoring campaigns. Measurements showed relevant vertical gradients for most traffic related pollutants. A monotonic gradient of PM 2.5 was found with ground-to-top differences of 4% during the warm period and 11% during the cold period. Larger gradients were found for UFP (∼30% during both seasons) with a substantial loss of particles from ground to top in the sub-50 nm size range. The largest drops in concentrations for chemical components were found for Elemental Carbon (-27%), iron (-11%) and tin (-36%) during winter. The ground-to-top decline of concentrations for NO 2 and benzene during winter was equal to 74% and 35%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings emphasize the need to include vertical variations of urban air pollutants when evaluating population exposure and associated health effects, especially in relation to some traffic related pollutants and particle metrics., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2018
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49. Ambient temperature and FIT performance in the Emilia-Romagna colorectal cancer screening programme.

Author

De Girolamo G, Goldoni CA, Corradini R, Giuliani O, Falcini F, Sassoli De'Bianchi P, Naldoni C, and Zauli Sajani S

Subjects
Aged, Cohort Studies, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Early Detection of Cancer methods, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Italy, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Retrospective Studies, Specimen Handling, Colorectal Neoplasms diagnosis, Occult Blood, Temperature
Abstract

Objective: To assess the impact of ambient temperature on faecal immunochemical test (FIT) performance in the colorectal cancer screening programme of Emilia-Romagna (Italy)., Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study on data from 2005 to 2011. Positive rate, detection rate, and positive predictive value rate for cancers and adenomas, and incidence rate of interval cancers after negative tests were analysed using Poisson regression models. In addition to ambient temperature, gender, age, screening history, and Local Health Unit were also considered., Results: In 1,521,819 tests analysed, the probability of a positive result decreased linearly with increasing temperature. Point estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated for six temperature classes (<5, 5 |-10, 10 |-15, 15 |-20, 20|-25 and ≥25℃), and referred to the 5|-10℃ class. The positive rate ratio was significantly related to temperature increase: 0.99 (0.97-1.02), 1, 0.98 (0.96-1.00), 0.96 (0.94-0.99), 0.93 (0.91-0.96), 0.92 (0.89-0.95). A linear trend was also evident for advanced adenoma detection rate ratio: 1.00 (0.96-1.04), 1, 0.98 (0.93-1.02), 0.96 (0.92-1.00), 0.92 (0.88-0.96), 0.94 (0.88-1.01). The effect was less linear, but still important, for cancer detection rates: 0.95 (0.85-1.06), 1, 1.00 (0.90-1.10), 0.94 (0.85-1.05), 0.81 (0.72-0.92), 0.93 (0.80-1.09). No association or linear trend was found for positive predictive values or risk of interval cancer, despite an excess of +16% in the highest temperature class for interval cancer., Conclusions: Ambient temperatures can affect screening performance. Continued monitoring is needed to verify the effect of introducing FIT tubes with a new buffer, which should guarantee a higher stability of haemoglobin., (© The Author(s) 2016.)

Published
2016
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50. Association Between Short-Term Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and Mortality in Susceptible Subgroups: A Multisite Case-Crossover Analysis of Individual Effect Modifiers.

Author

Alessandrini ER, Stafoggia M, Faustini A, Berti G, Canova C, De Togni A, Di Biagio K, Gherardi B, Giannini S, Lauriola P, Pandolfi P, Randi G, Ranzi A, Simonato L, Zauli Sajani S, Cadum E, and Forastiere F

Subjects
Age Distribution, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus mortality, Female, Heart Diseases mortality, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Logistic Models, Male, Air Pollution adverse effects, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Mortality, Particulate Matter adverse effects
Abstract

We performed a multisite study to evaluate demographic and clinical conditions as potential modifiers of the particulate matter (PM)-mortality association. We selected 228,619 natural deaths of elderly persons (ages ≥65 years) that occurred in 12 Italian cities during the period 2006-2010. Individual data on causes of death, age, sex, location of death, and preexisting chronic and acute conditions from the previous 5 years' hospitalizations were collected. City-specific conditional logistic regression models were applied within the case-crossover "time-stratified" framework, followed by random-effects meta-analysis. Particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and particulate matter less than or equal to 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) were positively associated with natural mortality (1.05% and 0.74% increases in mortality risk for increments of 10 µg/m3 and 14.4 µg/m3, respectively), with greater effects being seen among older people, those dying out-of-hospital or during the warm season, and those affected by 2 or more chronic diseases. Limited associations were found among persons with no previous hospital admissions. Diabetes (1.98%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54, 3.44) and cardiac arrhythmia (1.65%, 95% CI: 0.37, 2.95) increased risk of PM2.5-related mortality, while heart conduction disorders increased risk of mortality related to both PM2.5 (4.22%, 95% CI: 0.15, 8.46) and PM10 (4.19%, 95% CI: 0.38, 8.14). Among acute conditions, recent hospital discharge for heart failure modified the PM10-mortality association. The study found increases in natural mortality from PM exposure among people with chronic morbidity; diabetes and cardiac disorders were the main susceptibility factors.

Published
2016
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