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599 results on '"ZAMUDIO, Kelly R."'

1. Meta-Analysis of Gender Performance Gaps in Undergraduate Natural Science Courses

Author

Odom, Sara, Boso, Halle, Bowling, Scott, Brownell, Sara, Cotner, Sehoya, Creech, Catherine, Drake, Abby Grace, Eddy, Sarah, Fagbodun, Sheritta, Hebert, Sadie, James, Avis C., Just, Jan, St. Juliana, Justin R., Shuster, Michele, Thompson, Seth K., Whittington, Richard, Wills, Bill D., Wilson, Alan E., Zamudio, Kelly R., Zhong, Min, and Ballen, Cissy J.

Abstract

To investigate patterns of gender-based performance gaps, we conducted a meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished data collected across 169 undergraduate biology and chemistry courses. While we did not detect an overall gender gap in performance, heterogeneity analyses suggested further analysis was warranted, so we investigated whether attributes of the learning environment impacted performance disparities on the basis of gender. Several factors moderated performance differences, including class size, assessment type, and pedagogy. Specifically, we found evidence that larger classes, reliance on exams, and undisrupted, traditional lecture were associated with lower grades for women. We discuss our results in the context of natural science courses and conclude by making recommendations for instructional practices and future research to promote gender equity.

Published
2021
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3. Mitonuclear and phenotypic discordance in an Atlantic Forest frog hybrid zone.

Author

de Sá, Fábio P., Akopyan, Maria, Santana, Erika M., Haddad, Célio F. B., and Zamudio, Kelly R.

Subjects
HYBRID zones, NUCLEAR DNA, GENETIC variation, COASTAL forests, SEXUAL selection
Abstract

Discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is common among animals and can be the result of a number of evolutionary processes, including incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. Particularly relevant in contact zones, mitonuclear discordance is expected because the mitochondrial genome is haploid and primarily uniparentally inherited, whereas nuclear loci are evolving at slower rates. In addition, when closely related taxa come together in hybrid zones, the distribution of diagnostic phenotypic characters and their concordance with the mitochondrial or nuclear lineages can also inform on historical and ongoing dynamics within hybrid zones. Overall, genetic and phenotypic discordances provide evidence for evolutionary divergence and processes that maintain boundaries among sister species or lineages. In this study, we characterized patterns of genetic and phenotypic variation in a contact zone between Cycloramphus dubius and Cycloramphus boraceiensis, two sister species of frogs endemic to the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Brazil. We examined genomic‐scale nuclear diversification across 19 populations, encompassing the two parental forms and a contact zone between them. We compared the distribution of genomic DNA variability with that of a mitochondrial locus (16S) and two morphological traits (dorsal tubercles and body size). Our results reveal multiple divergent lineages with ongoing admixture. We detected discordance in patterns of introgression across the three data types. Cycloramphus dubius males are significantly larger than C. boraceiensis males, and we posit that competition among males in the hybrid zone, coupled with mate choice by females, may be one mechanism leading to patterns of introgression observed between the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Smaller Classes Promote Equitable Student Participation in STEM

Author

BALLEN, CISSY J., AGUILLON, STEPFANIE M., AWWAD, AZZA, BJUNE, ANNE E., CHALLOU, DANIEL, DRAKE, ABBY GRACE, DRIESSEN, MICHELLE, ELLOZY, AZIZA, FERRY, VIVIAN E., GOLDBERG, EMMA E., HARCOMBE, WILLIAM, JENSEN, STEVE, JØRGENSEN, CHRISTIAN, KOTH, ZOE, MCGAUGH, SUZANNE, MITRY, CAROLINE, MOSHER, BRYAN, MOSTAFA, HODA, PETIPAS, RENEE H., SONERAL, PAULA A. G., WATTERS, SHANA, WASSENBERG, DEENA, WEISS, STACEY L., YONAS, AZARIAH, ZAMUDIO, KELLY R., and COTNER, SEHOYA

Published
2019

11. Narrow thermal tolerance and low dispersal drive higher speciation in tropical mountains

Author

Polato, Nicholas R., Gill, Brian A., Shah, Alisha A., Gray, Miranda M., Casner, Kayce L., Barthelet, Antoine, Messer, Philipp W., Simmons, Mark P., Guayasamin, Juan M., Encalada, Andrea C., Kondratieff, Boris C., Flecker, Alexander S., Thomas, Steven A., Ghalambor, Cameron K., Poff, N. LeRoy, Funk, W. Chris, and Zamudio, Kelly R.

Published
2018

14. Enhancing Diversity in Undergraduate Science: Self-Efficacy Drives Performance Gains with Active Learning

Author

Ballen, Cissy J., Wieman, Carl, Salehi, Shima, Searle, Jeremy B., and Zamudio, Kelly R.

Abstract

Efforts to retain underrepresented minority (URM) students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) have shown only limited success in higher education, due in part to a persistent achievement gap between students from historically underrepresented and well-represented backgrounds. To test the hypothesis that active learning disproportionately benefits URM students, we quantified the effects of traditional versus active learning on student academic performance, science self-efficacy, and sense of social belonging in a large (more than 250 students) introductory STEM course. A transition to active learning closed the gap in learning gains between non-URM and URM students and led to an increase in science self-efficacy for all students. Sense of social belonging also increased significantly with active learning, but only for non-URM students. Through structural equation modeling, we demonstrate that, for URM students, the increase in self-efficacy mediated the positive effect of active-learning pedagogy on two metrics of student performance. Our results add to a growing body of research that supports varied and inclusive teaching as one pathway to a diversified STEM workforce.

Published
2017
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15. Lack of science support fails Brazil

Author

Zamudio, Kelly R., Kellner, Alexander, Serejo, Cristiana, de Britto, Marcelo Ribeiro, Castro, Clovis B., Buckup, Paulo A., Pires, Débora O., Couri, Marcia, Kury, Adriano Brilhante, Cardoso, Irene Azevedo, Monné, Marcela L., Pombal, José, Patiu, Cátia Mello, Padula, Vinicius, Pimenta, Alexandre Dias, Ventura, Carlos Renato Rezende, Hajdu, Eduardo, Zanol, Joana, Bruna, Emilio M., Fitzpatrick, John, and Rocha, Luiz A.

Published
2018

17. Recent Asian origin of chytrid fungi causing global amphibian declines

Author

O’Hanlon, Simon J., Rieux, Adrien, Farrer, Rhys A., Rosa, Gonçalo M., Waldman, Bruce, Bataille, Arnaud, Kosch, Tiffany A., Murray, Kris A., Brankovics, Balázs, Fumagalli, Matteo, Martin, Michael D., Wales, Nathan, Alvarado-Rybak, Mario, Bates, Kieran A., Berger, Lee, Böll, Susanne, Brookes, Lola, Clare, Frances, Courtois, Elodie A., Cunningham, Andrew A., Doherty-Bone, Thomas M., Ghosh, Pria, Gower, David J., Hintz, William E., Höglund, Jacob, Jenkinson, Thomas S., Lin, Chun-Fu, Laurila, Anssi, Loyau, Adeline, Martel, An, Meurling, Sara, Miaud, Claude, Minting, Pete, Pasmans, Frank, Schmeller, Dirk S., Schmidt, Benedikt R., Shelton, Jennifer M. G., Skerratt, Lee F., Smith, Freya, Soto-Azat, Claudio, Spagnoletti, Matteo, Tessa, Giulia, Toledo, Luís Felipe, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Verster, Ruhan, Vörös, Judit, Webb, Rebecca J., Wierzbicki, Claudia, Wombwell, Emma, Zamudio, Kelly R., Aanensen, David M., James, Timothy Y., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Weldon, Ché, Bosch, Jaime, Balloux, François, Garner, Trenton W. J., and Fisher, Matthew C.

Published
2018

19. Complex history of the amphibian-killing chytrid fungus revealed with genome resequencing data

Author

Rosenblum, Erica Bree, James, Timothy Y, Zamudio, Kelly R, Poorten, Thomas J, Ilut, Dan, Rodriguez, David, Eastman, Jonathan M, Richards-Hrdlicka, Katy, Joneson, Suzanne, Jenkinson, Thomas S, Longcore, Joyce E, Parra Olea, Gabriela, Toledo, Luís Felipe, Arellano, Maria Luz, Medina, Edgar M, Restrepo, Silvia, Flechas, Sandra Victoria, Berger, Lee, Briggs, Cheryl J, and Stajich, Jason E

Subjects
BRII recipient: Rosenblum (hybrid)
Abstract

Understanding the evolutionary history of microbial pathogens is critical for mitigating the impacts of emerging infectious diseases on economically and ecologically important host species. We used a genome resequencing approach to resolve the evolutionary history of an important microbial pathogen, the chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which has been implicated in amphibian declines worldwide. We sequenced the genomes of 29 isolates of Bd from around the world, with an emphasis on North, Central, and South America because of the devastating effect that Bd has had on amphibian populations in the New World. We found a substantial amount of evolutionary complexity in Bd with deep phylogenetic diversity that predates observed global amphibian declines. By investigating the entire genome, we found that even the most recently evolved Bd clade (termed the global panzootic lineage) contained more genetic variation than previously reported. We also found dramatic differences among isolates and among genomic regions in chromosomal copy number and patterns of heterozygosity, suggesting complex and heterogeneous genome dynamics. Finally, we report evidence for selection acting on the Bd genome, supporting the hypothesis that protease genes are important in evolutionary transitions in this group. Bd is considered an emerging pathogen because of its recent effects on amphibians, but our data indicate that it has a complex evolutionary history that predates recent disease outbreaks. Therefore, it is important to consider the contemporary effects of Bd in a broader evolutionary context and identify specific mechanisms that may have led to shifts in virulence in this system.

Published
2013

20. Community richness of amphibian skin bacteria correlates with bioclimate at the global scale

Author

Kueneman, Jordan G., Bletz, Molly C., McKenzie, Valerie J., Becker, C. Guilherme, Joseph, Maxwell B., Abarca, Juan G., Archer, Holly, Arellano, Ana Lisette, Bataille, Arnaud, Becker, Matthew, Belden, Lisa K., Crottini, Angelica, Geffers, Robert, Haddad, Célio. F. B., Harris, Reid N., Holden, Whitney M., Hughey, Myra, Jarek, Michael, Kearns, Patrick J., Kerby, Jacob L., Kielgast, Jos, Kurabayashi, Atsushi, Longo, Ana V., Loudon, Andrew, Medina, Daniel, Nuñez, José J., Perl, R. G. Bina, Pinto-Tomás, Adrián, Rabemananjara, Falitiana C. E., Rebollar, Eria A., Rodríguez, Ariel, Rollins-Smith, Louise, Stevenson, Robert, Tebbe, Christoph C., Vargas Asensio, Gabriel, Waldman, Bruce, Walke, Jenifer B., Whitfield, Steven M., Zamudio, Kelly R., Zúñiga Chaves, Ibrahim, Woodhams, Douglas C., and Vences, Miguel

Published
2019
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41. Supplementary Material for 'Evolutionary ecology of host competence after a chytrid outbreak in a naïve amphibian community'

Author

Longo, Ana V., Lips, Karen R., and Zamudio, Kelly R.

Abstract

Naive multi-host communities include species that may differentially maintain, transmit and amplify novel pathogens; therefore, we expect species to fill distinct roles during infectious disease emergence. Characterizing these roles in wildlife communities is challenging because most disease emergence events are unpredictable. Here we used field-collected data to investigate how species-specific attributes influenced the degree of exposure, probability of infection, and pathogen intensity, during the emergence of the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in a highly diverse tropical amphibian community. Our findings confirmed that ecological traits commonly evaluated as correlates of decline were positively associated with infection prevalence and intensity at the species-level during the outbreak. We identified key hosts that disproportionally contributed to transmission dynamics in this community and found a signature of phylogenetic history in disease responses associated with increased pathogen exposure via shared life-history traits. Our findings establish a framework that could be applied in conservation efforts to identify key species driving disease dynamics under enzootics before reintroducing amphibians back into their original communities. Reintroductions of supersensitive hosts that are unable to overcome infections will limit the success of conservation programs by amplifying the disease at the community-level.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Amphibian immunity: stress, disease and ecoimmunology’.

Published
2023
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