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In the context of globalization, rural tourism offers diversity in close connection with regional specificity. In this sense, there is an increase in the tourist offer oriented towards the traditional, towards the authentic. The entrepreneurial attempts to reflect the local authentic in the field of tourism are not well defined, often the specific traditional elements are not respected, creating an inappropriate mixture of architectural, gastronomic and cultural styles. Thus, the need to define the concept of authenticity in rural tourism based on vernacular culture is noted and this is the main aim of this paper. Also, theoretical items such as rural space, rural tourism, vernacular, and authenticity are defined and systematized, and essential parameters like elements, principles and methods for substantiating authentic rural tourism are synthesized. These ideas are critically analyzed, and discussed, based on representative documentation from Romanian and foreign literature to which the authors added their modest contribution. Authentic rural tourism offers interesting experiences precisely through originality, local specificity, diversity, in a cultural and geographical framework that completes the knowledge and offers the tourist a truly authentic experience. In this way, an increase in tourist interest is achieved and the foundations are laid for sustainable, representative economic activities at the rural level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper highlights the activity of raising sheep and goats in Romania, and the consumption of meat from these categories of animals, in the period 2015-2021, while also sketching the autochthonous ethnographic framework where the economic activity is placed - the tradition records millennial pastoral aspects that are still preserved more or less formally with deep echo in Romanian popular spirituality, reflected in popular beliefs, traditions, customs, folklore. The paper analysed specific indicators of the sheep and goat breeding sector, such as: quantitative fluctuations of the number of sheep and goats; the sheep meat production obtained in slaughter houses; the number of sheep slaughtered in slaughterhouses; the price for sheep meat "per 100 kg live weight" and the average annual consumption, per inhabitant, of sheep and goat meat. The statistical sources for our data are the National Institute of Statistic and Eurostat, as well as other specialized materials. Statistical data showed that in Romania in 2021 there were over 10,000,000 sheep and approximately 1,500,000 goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wine sector is important for the present Romanian economy and has millennial origins in our country. Proving the previous statement, the paper presents the evolution of wine production, by consumption categories and types of colors, obtained in Romania and the analysis of the foreign trade in the category of wines, for the period 2013-present. The data available for 2018 indicated that, of the total production of noble wines (3,369.9 thousand hl), by consumption categories, the highest percentage was held by other wines (without PDO / PGI) - 55%, and by types of colors white wines achieved the largest amount (2,189.7 thousand hl). Moldova Hills represent the most important wine region of Romania, due to the amount of wines obtained here. Complementary to the economic analysis, we also introduced aspects of Romanian traditions related to wine. For the present paper, we took and analyzed data from reference works and sites like Faostat, ITC, NIS and MADR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the evolution of the areas cultivated with grapes for wine and of the production obtained in Romania, between 2013-2018. Culture with tradition in our country, known since the Bronze Age, vineyards occupy important areas today on the Romanian territory and since ancient times they are also related to beautiful, complex, cultural symbols and customs. Of the total vine area, the vineyards where grapes are grown for wine represented in 2018 over 80%. The available pedo-climatic conditions, as well as the technologies applied, placed Romania on the 5th place in the U.E. in terms of vine area. The data used in this paper were taken from specialized sites and from reference works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many work- and family-related causes for burnout are analyzed, the effect of social policy on burnout is rarely analyzed and thus is unclear. Social policy may be an important tool to contribute to prevent and to combat burnout, both by mitigating financial stress and by enabling recipients to actively steer their life course. Due to their indirect and long-term character, however, these effects are difficult to prove empirically. A theoretical model was developed to show the relationship between burnout and social policy. This relationship was later on empirically tested with a comparison of the Copenhagen Burnout Scale between Romanian and Swiss farmers used to show the different impacts of poor health and old age for the prevalence of burnout. To analyze the data, a multivariate analysis was applied. It can be shown that the effect of both serious illness and age on burnout prevalence is much stronger in Romania than it is in Switzerland. Further research is recommended to explain the relationship between social policy, financial situation, health, and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being transdisciplinary, the work associates an economic and a moral purpose. Economically, the paper analyzes the following indicators specific to the tobacco market in the European Union, such as: areas cultivated with tobacco; total tobacco production; average production per hectare of tobacco; the number of tobacco growers; tobacco consumption per person (for people over 15 years old); the price of tobacco in the main cultivating countries; the value of gross production for the unprocessed tobacco; quantitative imports and exports. This analysis is focused on the period 2011-2017. The results show that in 2017, Italy, Poland, Spain and Greece were the main tobacco growers in the European Union. Bulgaria recorded the largest number of tobacco growers in 2014, and the highest price reached was reached in Greece, Germany, in 2016, ranking third among the world's leading registered tobacco importers. To the economic analysis we associate information about the current and potential uses of the Nicotiana tabacum plant as well as a reflexive moral mark on the impact that smokers (contagious victims) have especially on members of age groups where discernment is not formed (children, pubescent, adolescents) - obtained on the basis of documentation, analysis, synthesis, reflection on the afferent material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cultivated by passion or as part of a business, flowers are present at any event in people's lives, either joyful or sad. As the European flower market is a large and varied one, the aims of this article are: to present the evolution of European flower market between 2008-2016 using as main indicators: the areas cultivated and the total production obtained in the European Union; the import and export values; to sketch the cultural role of the most traded species. The economic data taken from the European Commission - Agriculture and rural Development, Eurostat and International Association of Horticultural Producers (AIPH)sites,were processed and interpreted statistically; while for the symbolic values of Roses, Carnations, Lilies, Chrysanthemums, Orchids and Gladioli we used documentation on various, eclectic, formal sources related mainly to religion, art, florigraphy. Results highlight that the European Union represents 10% of the world's floral area and 31% of the value of flower and ornamental plants production in 2016; the Netherlands, France and Italy are the main producing and cultivating countries; the European Union is an exporter of cut flowers and foliage, potted plants, conifers, perennials, bulbs and corms, and, first of all, an importer of cut flowers and foliage. The trade balance is in favor of exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development is a process that requires conflict ('disequilibrium'). The dialogue allows to co- create new meaning through mutual understanding and reciprocal communications between two or more parties. 'New meaning' can threaten 'old meaning' that is inextricably embedded in cultural discourse. Sociocognitive conflict is one product or form of the meeting of the 'incommensurable' or 'irreconcilable' aspects of diverse cultures/ interpretations of the same values. This meeting is a transformative process but the transformation is not always satisfying or mutually enriching, at least in the short term. The meeting of multiple knowledge systems may enrich perspectives, but also can impoverish perspectives and cause a retreat from dialogue into the social and cognitive security of the familiar. This paper brings in strategies and methods for positively managing sociocognitive conflict in the classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis and interpretation of data on the agro-climatic resources of a cultivated area offer the possibility to characterize the degree of favorability for cultivated species depending on the climate and soil bid. Depending on the climate, soil and the agricultural species requirements, the agro-technical management system must be applied properly, so as to allow the improvement of agricultural productivity. The aim of this study is to assess the agroclimatic resources of the Oltenia region, for the period 1961-2008 and especially of the Olt County, in terms of thermic and precipitation resources for the period 1990-2013. The knowing of these conditions is required for choosing the cultivated product and the crop production interventions used for obtaining optimal economic crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data records of crop productivity shows wide fluctuations from one year to another, these being influenced significantly by the conditions climate variability. In general, climate variability affects all sectors of the economy, but, in particular, the agricultural sector it is the most exposed. This study aims an statistical analyze the effects induced by climatological factors on the main agricultural crops, quantified in agroclimatic risks at local and regional levels, for the period 1990-2000, in Ialomita county. Thus, we used statistical data relating to the two groups of variables: 1) agricultural productions (for the main crops - wheat and rye, corn, sunflower, sugar beet, potatoes, vegetables) and 2) climatology data (for the main climatological factors - average temperatures, rainfall, the sunshine duration and the nebulosity) and we analysed the possible correlations for those major variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As knowing the impact of weather phenomena and their effects on agriculture represents a primary necessity, at present the importance of agro-meteorological information for economy, in general, and for the agriculture sector, in particular, involves a complex approach of the relation environment--plant. The agro-climatologic resource's assessment is multi-way needed: to choose the product and to cultivate varieties; for different phyto-technical interventions used to improve soil fertility; it is also economically fundamental in order to obtain optimum yields. This article frames an analysis and a synthesis of the main agro-climatic parameters, the air temperature and the precipitation for the region of Muntenia, considering the period between 1961- 2009. As this region has the largest agricultural land in Romania, is it useful and necessary for everyone who aims to carry on agricultural business or studies to be well informed on the agro-climatologic potential that characterizes it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crops are vulnerable to variations in the annual climate, therefore, reducing losses and increasing the agricultural production are necessary, both economically and socially. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the thermic and hydric resources and to indentify the agro-climatic parameters and critical thresholds on the intervals of period September 2006 - August 2007, with direct consequences for the winter wheat crops in the Caracal Plain. In the first decade of the 21st century, the crop year 2006-2007, was characterized, in general, by a higher air temperature than normal, with soil humidity deficit, which determined the depreciation of the vegetation state of the winter wheat crop and consequently, a low production per hectare. By knowing the climatic conditions, for a period of time, it provides the ability of implementing effective measures in order to prevent and combat effects on agricultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]