186 results on '"Z.Z. XU"'
Search Results
2. Evaluation of F1 papaya cultivars in Thailand and their marketing potential
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J.H. Guo, S.L. Chen, K.D. Chiou, Z.Z. Xu, W.L. Lee, and S. Nontajak
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Horticulture - Published
- 2023
3. Direct Acceleration of an Annular Attosecond Electron Slice Driven by Near-Infrared Laguerre–Gaussian Laser
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Wang Wenyu, Ruxin Li, C. Jiang, Z.Z. Xu, Yuxin Leng, H. Dong, and S. Weber
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,business.industry ,Attosecond ,Electron ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Linear particle accelerator ,Collimated light ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Vortex ,Acceleration ,Optics ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,law ,Antiproton ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,business - Abstract
A new near-infrared direct acceleration mechanism driven by Laguerre-Gaussian laser is proposed to stably accelerate and concentrate electron slice both in longitudinal and transversal directions in vacuum. Three-dimensional simulations show that a 2-mu m circularly polarized LG(p)(l) (p = 0, 1 = 1, sigma(z) = -1) laser can directly manipulate attosecond electron slices in additional dimensions (angular directions) and give them annular structures and angular momentums. These annular vortex attosecond electron slices are expected to have some novel applications such as in the collimation of antiprotons in conventional linear accelerators, edge-enhancement electron imaging, structured X-ray generation, and analysis and manipulation of nanomaterials.
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- 2021
4. Estrous Cycles, Control: Synchronization of Estrus
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Z.Z. Xu
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- 2022
5. Effects of base metal state on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si alloy friction stir-welded joints
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W. Cheng, C.Y. Liu, Z.Z. Xu, Bing Zhang, and Hongfeng Huang
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Quenching ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Materials science ,Strategy and Management ,Alloy ,02 engineering and technology ,Welding ,Management Science and Operations Research ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Microstructure ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,law ,Ultimate tensile strength ,engineering ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Base metal ,Joint (geology) ,Tensile testing - Abstract
Al–Mg–Si alloys with different heat treatment states were used as base metals (BMs) in investigating the effect of BM state on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si alloy friction stir-welded (FSW) joints. The Al grains and insoluble phases of the FSW joints were not affected by BM state, but the compositions of the precipitated phases in the heat-affected zones (HAZs) and nugget zones (NZs) depended on the phase compositions of the BMs. The FSW joint that was welded using the BM with water quenching (WQ) and artificial aging state exhibited the greatest hardness among the joints at the same zones because of the high densities of the β″ phases in the BM, the fine and high densities of the β′ phases in the HAZ, the high number of solution atoms, and the formation of Guinier–Preston zones in the NZ. Moreover, the joint exhibited the highest yield strength because of the high hardness of its HAZ, which is the fracture location in FSW joints. The FSW joint that was welded using the BM with WQ and natural aging state exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation because of its high structural uniformity.
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- 2020
6. The sensitive unit calibration of the EM calorimeter for Dark Matter Particle Explorer in orbit
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S.C. Wen, Y.F. Wei, Z.Y. Zhang, Y.L. Zhang, L.B. Wu, H.T. Dai, C.M. Liu, C. Zhao, Y. Wang, X.L. Wang, Z.Z. Xu, G.S. Huang, W. Jiang, Y.Q. Zhang, P.X. Ma, W.H. Li, C. Yue, P. Fusco, E. Casilli, A. Parenti, L. Silveri, and E. Catanzani
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Instrumentation - Published
- 2022
7. Single-scan, dual-functional interferometer for fast spatiotemporal characterization of few-cycle pulses
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Yuyun Zhao, Y. F. Chen, Jinxin Fu, Z.Z. Xu, Yuxin Leng, Ding Wang, Meng Pang, and Zhandong Huang
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Phase (waves) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Physics::Optics ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,Optics ,Position (vector) ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Astronomical interferometer ,Shearing (physics) ,Physics ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Michelson interferometer ,Laser science ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Interferometry ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Optics (physics.optics) ,Physics - Optics - Abstract
Accurate and fast characterization of spatio-temporal information of high-intensity, ultrashort pulses is crucial in the field of strong-field laser science and technology. While conventional self-referenced interferometers were widely used to retrieve the spatial profile of the relative spectral phase of pulses, additional measurements of temporal and spectral information at a particular position of the laser beam, however, were necessary to remove the indeterminacy, which increases the system complexity. Here we report an advanced, dual-functional interferometer that is able to reconstruct the complete spatio-temporal information of ultrashort pulses with a single scan of the interferometer arm. The setup integrates an interferometric frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) with a radial shearing Michelson interferometer. Through scanning one arm of the interferometer, both the cross-correlated FROG trace at the central part of the laser beam and the delay-dependent interferograms of the entire laser profile are simultaneously obtained, allowing a fast three-dimensional reconstruction of few-cycle laser pulses.
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- 2020
8. Non-invasive detection and localization of genitourinary cancers using urinary sediment DNA methylomes and copy number profiles
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H. Lu, B. Zhang, X. Hao, Z. Lei, X. Wu, D. Peng, H. He, B. Guan, L. Zhou, Y. Shi, G. Ge, Weimin Ci, J. Wang, X. Li, Z.Z. Xu, and Y. Zhou
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Urinary sediment ,Urology ,Non invasive ,Cancer research ,Biology ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Genitourinary Cancers ,DNA - Published
- 2020
9. Rapid growth of a long-seed KDP crystal
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Hu Wang, Z.Z. Xu, Xiangyu Zhu, Shenghao Wang, Jianda Shao, Yuanan Zhao, Lili Zheng, Kaizao Ni, Chen Duanyang, Hongji Qi, Hui Zhang, and Bin Wang
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Materials science ,Cuboid ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,010309 optics ,Crystal ,Crystallography ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,0103 physical sciences ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
To reduce the seed length while maintaining the advantages of the cuboid KDP-type crystal, a long-seed KDP crystal with size $471~\text{mm}\times 480~\text{mm}\times 400~\text{mm}$ is rapidly grown. With almost the same high cutting efficiency to obtain third harmonic generation oriented samples, this long-seed KDP-type crystal can be grown with a shorter seed than that of the cuboid KDP-type crystal. The full width at half maximum of the high-resolution X-ray diffraction of the (200) crystalline face is 28.8 arc seconds, indicating that the long-seed KDP crystal has good crystalline quality. In the wavelength range of 377–1022 nm, the transmittance of the long-seed KDP crystal is higher than 90%. The fluence for the 50% probability of laser-induced damage (LID) is $18.5~\text{J}/\text{cm}^{2}$ (3 ns, 355 nm). Several test points survive when the laser fluence exceeds $30~\text{J}/\text{cm}^{2}$ (3 ns, 355 nm), indicating the good LID performance of the long-seed KDP crystal. At present, the growth of a long-seed DKDP crystal is under way.
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- 2020
10. Application of liquid semen technology under the seasonal dairy production system in New Zealand
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D.H. Yang, N.T. Standley, and Z.Z. Xu
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,endocrine system ,Pregnancy Rate ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Semen ,Breeding ,urologic and male genital diseases ,Shelf life ,Insemination ,Cryopreservation ,Specimen Handling ,03 medical and health sciences ,fluids and secretions ,Endocrinology ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Animals ,Insemination, Artificial ,Production system ,urogenital system ,Artificial insemination ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Limiting ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Sperm ,Fertility ,030104 developmental biology ,Environmental science ,Cattle ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,New Zealand ,Semen Preservation - Abstract
Systems for preserving semen in liquid form for artificial insemination were developed before cryopreserved semen became widely available in the 1960s. Advantages of liquid semen include reduced number of sperm per dose, reduced storage and transportation costs, increased insemination speed and safety in the field. A liquid semen dose requires one tenth the sperm number in a frozen semen dose to achieve equivalent fertility (24 day non-return rate: 67.6% for liquid versus 67.8% for frozen). The main disadvantage of liquid semen is its relatively short shelf life, thus limiting its application mainly to countries, like New Zealand and Ireland, with predominantly seasonal dairy production systems. Nevertheless, successful application of liquid semen technology can improve the rate of genetic gain by increasing the utilization of elite sires. This brief review covers the principles of liquid semen preservation and describes why and how this technology is implemented by Livestock Improvement Corporation in New Zealand.
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- 2018
11. The on-orbit calibration of DArk Matter Particle Explorer
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Chang Qing Feng, A. D'Amone, X.Q. Ma, K. Gong, D. Mo, R. Asfandiyarov, G. Ambrosi, Y. M. Hu, Peng-Xiong Ma, Xun Feng Zhao, Zhi Hui Xu, Jinglai Duan, Tianxiao Ma, G. Z. Shang, H. T. Xu, C. Liu, X. Y. Ma, M. Y. Cui, S. C. Wen, Chenchen Wang, J. J. Zang, Deng Yi Chen, Xixian Wang, M. M. Salinas, Niu Xiaoyang, Yaping Wang, Shanta M. Zimmer, J. N. Rao, Haiqiong Wang, Da Ming Wei, Z. Y. Sun, Hao Ting Dai, V. Gallo, Q. An, Peidong Yang, Honglong Wang, D. D’Urso, Yuan Zhu Wang, Xiulian Pan, W. Zhang, I. De Mitri, H. Liu, Yang Haibo, Wei Liang Li, D.L. Zhang, H. S. Chen, Min Gao, Li Bo Wu, A. De Benedittis, Wangli Chen, Xi Zhu, Shuyao Li, X.B. Tian, Paolo Bernardini, J.N. Dong, Sha Wu, Y. Q. Zhang, Hu-Rong Yao, Kai-Kai Duan, Y. F. Wei, Jin Chang, Jiangtao Guo, F. J. Gan, S. Y. Ma, Wei Jiang, Z. Q. Xia, Yifan Yang, L. G. Wang, P. Azzarello, Y. J. Zhang, F. Gargano, Zhenyu Zhang, Maria Ionica, Jie Kong, Y. F. Liang, Yali Zhou, Jing Xing Song, M. Di Santo, Xin Wu, Y. F. Wang, R. R. Fan, R. Qiao, M. Caragiulo, Yuqing Fan, N. H. Liao, Jindan Zhang, Qian Wang, Y.L. Xin, Jie Liu, Zhoubin Zhang, Y. H. Yu, Zhao-Qiang Shen, T. S. Cui, Zhao-Min Wang, Yun Long Zhang, Yao Ming Liang, G. F. Xue, Shengxia Zhang, Zhongjie Yang, J. J. Wei, Z. Xu, Dan Jiang, F. Loparco, Laiyu Zhang, S. Vitillo, X. L. Wang, Wei Liu, Y. Zhang, Yongxiang Liu, J.B. Zhang, J. L. Chen, Qing Yuan, Meng Su, Z.Z. Xu, G. Marsella, Andrii Tykhonov, S. Wang, X. J. Teng, Tie-Kuang Dong, M. M. Ma, Zhang Yalan, Shi-Jun Lei, D. Droz, Fengtao Zhang, Huan Zhao, S. B. Liu, M. N. Mazziotta, H. Su, A. Surdo, Jin Zhou Wang, S. Garrappa, W. H. Shen, Yinlian Zhu, Z. T. Shen, Pengchao Zhang, Guang Shun Huang, Fang Fang, X. X. Li, Hong Yun Zhao, M. S. Cai, W. X. Peng, Y. Li, Y. Z. Gong, Z. X. Dong, Chang Yi Zhou, X. Y. Peng, Lingyan Feng, K. Xi, Jindong Zhang, Di Wu, Jian Wu, Chuan Yue, Y. Y. Huang, P. Fusco, Y. F. Dong, Shan-Shan Gao, Manyu Ding, Xian-Min Jin, Ambrosi, G., An, Q., Asfandiyarov, R., Azzarello, P., Bernardini, P., Cai, M. S., Caragiulo, M., Chang, J., Chen, D. Y., Chen, H. F., Chen, J. L., Chen, W., Cui, M. Y., Cui, T. S., Dai, H. T., D'Amone, A., Benedittis, De, Mitri, De, I., Ding, Di Santo, M., Dong, J. N., Dong, T. K., Dong, Y. F., Dong, Z. X., Droz, D., Duan, K. K., Duan, J. L., D'Urso, D., Fan, R. R., Fan, Y. Z., Iemail, Author, Fang, F., Feng, C. Q., Feng, L., Fusco, P., Gallo, V., Gan, F., Gao, M., Gao, S. S., Gargano, F., Garrappa, S., Gong, K., Gong, Y. Z., Guo, J. H., Email Author, Hu, Y. M., Huang, G. S., Huang, Y. Y., Ionica, M., Jiang, D., Jiang, W., Jin, X., Kong, J., Lei, S. J., Li, S., Li, X., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Liang, Y. F., Liang, Y. M., Liao, N. H., Liu, C. M., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liu, S. B., Liu, W. Q., Liu, Y., Loparco, F., Ma, M., Ma, P. X., Ma, S. Y., Ma, T., Ma, X. Q., Ma, X. Y., Marsella, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Mo, D., Niu, X. Y., Pan, X, Peng, X. Y., Peng, W. X., Qiao, R., Rao, J. N., Salinas, M. M., Shang, G. Z., Shen, W. H., Shen, Z. Q., Shen, Z. T., Song, J. X., Su, H., Su, M., Sun, Z. Y., Surdo, A., Teng, X. J., Tian, X. B., Tykhonov, A., Vitillo, S., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, H. Y., Wang, J. Z., Wang, L. G., Wang, Q., Wang, S., Wang, X. H., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Y. Z., Wang, Z. M., Wen, S. C., Wei, D. M., Wei J. J., A, Wei Y. F., C, Wu D., J, Wu J., A, H, Wu, L. B., c Wu, S. S., k Wu, X., d Xi, K., j Xia, Z. Q., a h, Xin Y. L., A, Xu H. T., K, Xu Z. H., A, H, Xu, Z. L., a Xu, Z. Z., a Xue, G. F., k Yang, H. B., j Yang, P., j Yang, Y. Q., j Yang, Z. L., j Yao, H. J., j Yu, Y. H., j Yuan, Q., a h, Yue C., A, Zang J. J., A, Zhang D. L., C, Zhang F., M, Zhang J. B., C, Zhang J. Y., M, Zhang J. Z., J, Zhang L., A, I, Zhang, P. F., a Zhang, S. X., j Zhang, W. Z., k Zhang, Y., a i, Zhang Y. J., J, Zhang Y. Q., A, Y. L., c Zhang, Y. P., j Zhang, Z., a Zhang, Z. Y., c Zhao, H., m Zhao, H. Y., j Zhao, X. F., k Zhou, C. Y., k Zhou, Y., j Zhu, X., c Zhu, Y., k Zimmer, Ambrosi G., An Q., Asfandiyarov R., Azzarello P., Bernardini P., Cai M. S., Caragiulo M., Chang J., Chen D. Y., Chen H. F., Chen J. L., Chen W., Cui M. Y., Cui T. S., Dai H. T., D'Amone A., De Beneditti, De Mitri, I. Ding, Dong J. N., Dong T. K., Dong Y. F., Dong Z. X., Droz D., Duan K. K., Duan J. L., D'Urso D., Fan R. R., Fan Y. Z., iEmail Author, Fang F., Feng C. Q., Feng L., Fusco P., Gallo V., Gan F., Gao M., Gao S. S., Gargano F., Garrappa S., Gong K., Gong Y. Z., J. H. Email Author, Hu Y. M., Huang G. S., Huang Y. Y., Ionica M., Jiang D., Jiang W., Jin X., Kong J., Lei S. J., Li S., Li X., Li W. L., Li Y., Liang Y. F., Liang Y. M., Liao N. H., Liu C. M., Liu H., Liu J., Liu S. B., Liu W. Q., Liu Y., Loparco F., Ma M., Ma P. X., Ma S. Y., Ma T., Ma X. Q., Ma X. Y., Marsella G., Mazziotta M. N., Mo D., Niu X. Y., Pan X, Peng X. Y., Peng W. X., Qiao R., Rao J. N., Salinas M. M., Shang G. Z., Shen W. H., Shen Z. Q., Shen Z. T., Song J. X., Su H., Su M., Sun Z. Y., Surdo A., Teng X. J., Tian X. B., Tykhonov A., Vitillo S., Wang C., Wang H., Wang H. Y., Wang J. Z., Wang L. G., Wang Q., Wang S., Wang X. H., Wang X. L., Wang Y. F., Wang Y. P., Wang Y. Z., Wang Z. M., Wen S. C., Wei D. M., Wei J. J. a, Wei Y. F. c, Wu D. j, Wu J. a, h Wu, L. B. c Wu, S. S. k Wu, X. d Xi, K. j Xia, Z. Q. a h, Xin Y. L. a, Xu H. T. k, Xu Z. H. a, h Xu, Z. L. a Xu, Z. Z. a Xue, G. F. k Yang, H. B. j Yang, P. j Yang, Y. Q. j Yang, Z. L. j Yao, H. J. j Yu, Y. H. j Yuan, Q. a h, Yue C. a, Zang J. J. a, Zhang D. L. c, Zhang F. m, Zhang J. B. c, Zhang J. Y. m, Zhang J. Z. j, Zhang L. a, i Zhang, P. F. a Zhang, S. X. j Zhang, W. Z. k Zhang, Y. a i, Zhang Y. J. j, Zhang Y. Q. a, Y. L. c Zhang, Y. P. j Zhang, Z. a Zhang, Z. Y. c Zhao, H. m Zhao, H. Y. j Zhao, X. F. k Zhou, C. Y. k Zhou, Y. j Zhu, X. c Zhu, and Y. k Zimmer
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Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Dark matter ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,Scintillator ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,0103 physical sciences ,Neutron detection ,Dark Matter ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Calorimeter (particle physics) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Detector ,Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale ,Gamma ray ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Cosmic Rays ,South Atlantic Anomaly ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), a satellite-based cosmic ray and gamma-ray detector, was launched on December 17, 2015, and began its on-orbit operation on December 24, 2015. In this work we document the on-orbit calibration procedures used by DAMPE and report the calibration results of the Plastic Scintillator strip Detector (PSD), the Silicon-Tungsten tracKer-converter (STK), the BGO imaging calorimeter (BGO), and the Neutron Detector (NUD). The results are obtained using Galactic cosmic rays, bright known GeV gamma-ray sources, and charge injection into the front-end electronics of each sub-detector. The determination of the boundary of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), the measurement of the live time, and the alignments of the detectors are also introduced. The calibration results demonstrate the stability of the detectors in almost two years of the on-orbit operation.
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- 2019
12. Effects of Mg and Sc additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–20Zn alloys
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Y. Chen, C.Y. Liu, Z.Z. Xu, Bing Zhang, and Y. F. Hou
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Precipitation (chemistry) ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metallurgy ,Alloy ,02 engineering and technology ,Stress distribution ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Microstructure ,01 natural sciences ,Mechanics of Materials ,Phase (matter) ,0103 physical sciences ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,0210 nano-technology ,Grain boundary strengthening ,Solid solution - Abstract
The effects of Mg and Sc additions on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al–20Zn alloys were studied. Results showed that the η and Zn phases precipitated in the Al–20Zn–Mg alloys during hot rolling and the size of the η phase increased with Mg content. The addition of Sc led to the formation of a high-density Al3Sc phase, which refined the Al grains and promoted the precipitation of the η and Zn phases in the Al–20Zn–Mg–Sc alloys during hot rolling. Mg and Sc additions led to η′ phase precipitation and grain boundary pinning in alloys with high Zn contents during solid solution treatment and aging. The mechanical properties of the Al–20Zn alloy with rolled and aged states improved after the simultaneous addition of 0.5 Mg and 0.5 Sc due to the increased precipitation and grain boundary strengthening effects and improved stress distribution during tension.
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- 2020
13. THU0059 Plasma exosomal mir-92a are involved in the occurrence and development of bone destruction in ra patients by inhibiting apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes
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J. Juan, Zhifeng Gu, Z.Z. Xu, L.Y. Ke, F. Ting, Y. Xin, Z.S. Yang, and X.Y. Fei
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0301 basic medicine ,business.industry ,Cell ,Arthritis ,Cell cycle ,medicine.disease ,Exosome ,Microvesicles ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Apoptosis ,Cancer research ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease that mainly affects joints. Bone erosion and bone destruction are the characteristic features of RA.1 The mechanism of bone destruction is not fully understood at present. The decrease of apoptosis of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) originating from mesenchymal is involved in the occurrence and development of bone destruction in RA.2 Exosomes are important mediators of biological information and play a part in the occurrence and development of various diseases including RA.3 Objectives The aim of study was to find whether exosomes participate in the pathogenesis of bone destruction in RA. Methods plasma was collected from 10 healthy people and 20 RA patients. According to Sharp-van der Heijde score (SHS), patients were divided into two groups named bone destruction group and non bone destruction group. Exosomes were extracted by Total Exosome Isolation reagent and confirmed by transmission electron microscope and western blot. The internalisation of exosomes was detected by immunofluorescence. Normal FLSs were stimulated with exosomes. Flow cytometry was utilised to detect the alteration of cell cycle and apoptosis rate. The cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8 assay. Apotosis proteins (Bax, BCL-2 and caspase-3) were examined by western blot. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1 in the cell supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the expression of miRNAs in exosomes. Results There is no difference between exosomes of normal people and RA patients in promoting cell proliferation. However, the exosomes of RA patients can prohibit the cell apoptosis and promote the release of TNF-α and IL-1 from FLSs more effectively. Of these two RA groups, the abilities of bone destruction group exosomes are higher. The expressions of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in bone destruction group are also significantly higher than that in the non bone destruction group and the normal group. Inversely the expression of Bax in bone destruction group is lower. Additionally, exsomal miR-92a are significantly over expressioned in bone destruction group. Conclusions The study showed that exosomes in the serum of RA patients can prohibit the apoptosis of FLSs and enhance the secretion of inflammatory cytokines to promote bone destruction. Exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Exosomes can be used as a potential predictor for early bone destruction. References [1] Muller-Ladner U, Pap T, Gay RE, Neidhart M, Gay S. Mechanisms of disease: the molecular and cellular basis of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol2005;1(2):102–10. [2] Lee DM, Kiener HP, Agarwal SK, Noss EH, Watts GF, Chisaka O, et al. Cadherin-11 in synovial lining formation and pathology in arthritis. ;Science 2007315 (5814):1006–10. [3] Schorey JS, Bhatnagar S. Exosome function: from tumour immunology to pathogen biology ;Traffic 20089 (6):871–81. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from Top Six Types of Talents Financial Assistance of Jiangsu Province Grant (BRA2016527), The Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (81671616), The Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (81471603). Disclosure of Interest None declared
- Published
- 2018
14. Introduction to the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) Facility onboard China’s Future Space Station
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Shuang-Nan Zhang, Oscar Adriani, Herd Consortium, Sebastiano Albergo, Giovanni Ambrosi, Qi An, Philipp Azzarello, Yonglin Bai, Tianwei Bao, Paolo Bernardini, Bruna Bertucci, Xiaojun Bi, Massimo Bongi, Sergio Bottai, Weiwei Cao, Zhen Cao, Junying Chai, Jin Chang, Guoming Chen, Y Chen, Zhen Chen, X.H. Cui, Z.G. Dai, Raffaello D’Alessandro, Margherita Di Santo, Yongwei Dong, Matteo Duranti, Yizhong Fan, Kun Fang, C.Q. Feng, Hua Feng, Valerio Formato, Piergiorgio Fusco, Jiarui Gao, Fabio Gargano, Nicola Giglietto, Quanbu GOU, Yi Qing Guo, Huihai He, hongbo HU, Peng Hu, G.S. Huang, Jing Huang, Y.F. Huang, H. Li, Ran Li, Yong Li, Z. Li, E.W. Liang, Sujie Lin, H. Liu, Hongbang Liu, J.B. Liu, S.B. Liu, S.M. Liu, Xin Liu, Francesco Loparco, Junguang Lyu, Giovanni Marsella, Mario Nicola Mazziottai, Ivan De Mitri, Nicola Mori, Paolo Papini, Mark Pearce, Wenxi Peng, Martin Pohl, Zheng Quan, Felix Ryde, Dalian Shi, Meng Su, X.L. Sun, Xin Sun, Antonio Surdo, Z.C. Tang, Elena Vannuccini, Roland Walter, Bingbing Wang, Bo Wang, J.C. Wang, J.M. Wang, Junjing Wang, Le Wang, Ruijie Wang, X.L Wang, Xiangyu Wang, Zhigang Wang, D.M. Wei, Bobing Wu, J. Wu, Qiong Wu, Xin Wu, X.F. Wu, Ming Xu, Z.Z. Xu, H.R. Yan, P.F. Yin, Y.W Yu, Qiang Yuan, M. Zha, L. Zhang, Li Zhang, Yi Zhang, Y.L. Zhang, and Z.G. Zhao
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Computer Science::Robotics ,High energy ,business.industry ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Environmental science ,Cosmic ray ,Aerospace engineering ,Space astronomy ,business ,Space (mathematics) ,China - Abstract
The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility is one of several space astronomy payloads onboard China's Space Station, which is planned for operation starting around 2025 for about 10 ...
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- 2017
15. Macroscopic and Microscopic Structure of Electromagnetic Wakefield
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H. Lin, Chengpu Liu, B. F. Shen, and Z.Z. Xu
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Physics ,Acceleration ,Classical mechanics ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,Physics::Space Physics ,Structure (category theory) ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,Plasma ,human activities ,Charged particle - Abstract
Applying various stimuli to excite large-amplitude electrostatic structure within plasmas is a basic idea of plasma-based acceleration. However, because these stimuli are usually magnetized, whether or not their wakes within plasmas are purely electrostatic should be cautiously treated. By strict theory on self-consistent fields of charged particles, we make detailed investigations on the wakes of those magnetized stimuli and the acceleration by electromagnetic wakes. Keyowrds: Plasma wakefield.
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- 2014
16. Measurement of the atmospheric muon spectrum from 20 to 3000 GeV
- Author
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P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, M. van den Akker, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz, P. Bagnaia, A. Bajo, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, J. Bähr, S.V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillère, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B.L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, S.C. Blyth, G.J. Bobbink, A. Böhm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J.G. Branson, F. Brochu, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, T. Chiarusi, Y.H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de la Cruz, S. Cucciarelli, J.A. van Dalen, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, L.K. Ding, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M.T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, I. Duran, B. Echenard, A. Eline, A. El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F.J. Eppling, P. Extermann, G. Faber, M.A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, F. Filthaut, W. Fisher, I. Fisk, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu. Galaktionov, S.N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z.F. Gong, H.J. Grabosch, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, H. Groenstege, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, Y.N. Guo, S. Gupta, V.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L.J. Gutay, D. Haas, Ch. Haller, D. Hatzifotiadou, Y. Hayashi, Z.X. He, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S.R. Hou, A.X. Huo, Y. Hu, N. Ito, B.N. Jin, C.L. Jing, L.W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberría, V. Kantserov, M. Kaur, S. Kawakami, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, J.K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A.C. König, E. Kok, A. Korn, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, H.H. Kuang, R.W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, J. Kuijpers, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J.M. Le Goff, Y. Lei, H. Leich, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, L. Li, Z.C. Li, S. Likhoded, C.H. Lin, W.T. Lin, F.L. Linde, L. Lista, Z.A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y.S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W.G. Ma, X.H. Ma, Y.Q. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Maña, J. Mans, J.P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R.R. McNeil, S. Mele, X.W. Meng, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W.J. Metzger, A. Mihul, A. van Mil, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, B. Monteleoni, G.S. Muanza, A.J.M. Muijs, B. Musicar, M. Musy, S. Nagy, R. Nahnhauer, V.A. Naumov, S. Natale, M. Napolitano, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, H. Newman, A. Nisati, T. Novak, H. Nowak, R. Ofierzynski, G. Organtini, I. Pal, C. Palomares, P. Paolucci, R. Paramatti, J.-F. Parriaud, G. Passaleva, S. Patricelli, T. Paul, M. Pauluzzi, C. Paus, F. Pauss, M. Pedace, S. Pensotti, D. Perret-Gallix, B. Petersen, D. Piccolo, F. Pierella, M. Pieri, M. Pioppi, P.A. Piroué, E. Pistolesi, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Pojidaev, J. Pothier, D. Prokofiev, J. Quartieri, C.R. Qing, G. Rahal-Callot, M.A. Rahaman, P. Raics, N. Raja, R. Ramelli, P.G. Rancoita, R. Ranieri, A. Raspereza, K.C. Ravindran, P. Razis, D. Ren, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, P. Rewiersma, S. Riemann, K. Riles, B.P. Roe, A. Rojkov, L. Romero, A. Rosca, C. Rosemann, C. Rosenbleck, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Roth, J.A. Rubio, G. Ruggiero, H. Rykaczewski, R. Saidi, A. Sakharov, S. Saremi, S. Sarkar, J. Salicio, E. Sanchez, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, V. Schmitt, B. Schoeneich, H. Schopper, D.J. Schotanus, C. Sciacca, L. Servoli, C.Q. Shen, S. Shevchenko, N. Shivarov, V. Shoutko, E. Shumilov, A. Shvorob, D. Son, C. Souga, P. Spillantini, M. Steuer, D.P. Stickland, B. Stoyanov, A. Straessner, K. Sudhakar, H. Sulanke, G. Sultanov, L.Z. Sun, S. Sushkov, H. Suter, J.D. Swain, Z. Szillasi, X.W. Tang, P. Tarjan, L. Tauscher, L. Taylor, B. Tellili, D. Teyssier, C. Timmermans, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, S.C. Tonwar, J. Tóth, G. Trowitzsch, C. Tully, K.L. Tung, J. Ulbricht, M. Unger, E. Valente, H. Verkooijen, R.T. van de Walle, R. Vasquez, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, I. Vetlitsky, D. Vicinanza, G. Viertel, S. Villa, M. Vivargent, S. Vlachos, I. Vodopianov, H. Vogel, H. Vogt, I. Vorobiev, A.A. Vorobyov, M. Wadhwa, R.G. Wang, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, X.W. Wang, Z.M. Wang, M. Weber, R. van Wijk, T.A.M. Wijnen, H. Wilkens, S. Wynhoff, L. Xia, Y.P. Xu, J.S. Xu, Z.Z. Xu, J. Yamamoto, B.Z. Yang, C.G. Yang, H.J. Yang, M. Yang, X.F. Yang, Z.G. Yao, S.C. Yeh, Z.Q. Yu, An. Zalite, Yu. Zalite, C. Zhang, F. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, S.J. Zhou, G.Y. Zhu, R.Y. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, Q.Q. Zhu, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, M. Zöller, A.N.M. Zwart, L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), P. ACHARD, O. ADRIANI, M. AGUILAR-BENITEZ, J. ALCARAZ, G. ALEMANNI, J. ALLABY, A. ALOISIO, M.G. ALVIGGI, H. ANDERHUB, V.P. ANDREEV, F. ANSELMO, A. AREFIEV, T. AZEMOON, T. AZIZ, P. BAGNAIA, A. BAJO, G. BAKSAY, L. BAKSAY, S.V. BALDEW, S. BANERJEE, SW. BANERJEE, A. BARCZYK, R. BARILLÈRE, P. BARTALINI, M. BASILE, N. BATALOVA, R. BATTISTON, A. BAY, F. BECATTINI, U. BECKER, F. BEHNER, L. BELLUCCI, R. BERBECO, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, B.L. BETEV, M. BIASINI, M. BIGLIETTI, A. BILAND, J.J. BLAISING, S.C. BLYTH, G.J. BOBBINK, A. BÖHM, L. BOLDIZSAR, B. BORGIA, S. BOTTAI, D. BOURILKOV, M. BOURQUIN, S. BRACCINI, J.G. BRANSON, F. BROCHU, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, M. CAPELL, G. CARA ROMEO, G. CARLINO, A. CARTACCI, J. CASAUS, F. CAVALLARI, N. CAVALLO, C. CECCHI, M. CERRADA, M. CHAMIZO, Y.H. CHANG, M. CHEMARIN, A. CHEN, G. CHEN, G.M. CHEN, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, G. CHIEFARI, L. CIFARELLI, F. CINDOLO, I. CLARE, R. CLARE, G. COIGNET, N. COLINO, S. COSTANTINI, B. DE LA CRUZ, S. CUCCIARELLI, J.A. VAN DALEN, R. DE ASMUNDIS, P. DÉGLON, J. DEBRECZENI, A. DEGRÉ, K. DEHMELT, K. DEITERS, D. DELLA VOLPE, E. DELMEIRE, P. DENES, F. DE NOTARISTEFANI, A. DE SALVO, M. DIEMOZ, M. DIERCKXSENS, C. DIONISI, M. DITTMAR, A. DORIA, M.T. DOVA, D. DUCHESNEAU, M. DUDA, B. ECHENARD, A. ELINE, A. EL HAGE, H. EL MAMOUNI, A. ENGLER, F.J. EPPLING, P. EXTERMANN, M.A. FALAGAN, S. FALCIANO, A. FAVARA, J. FAY, O. FEDIN, M. FELCINI, T. FERGUSON, H. FESEFELDT, E. FIANDRINI, J.H. FIELD, F. FILTHAUT, P.H. FISHER, W. FISHER, I. FISK, G. FORCONI, K. FREUDENREICH, C. FURETTA, YU. GALAKTIONOV, S.N. GANGULI, P. GARCIA-ABIA, M. GATAULLIN, S. GENTILE, S. GIAGU, Z.F. GONG, G. GRENIER, O. GRIMM, M.W. GRUENEWALD, M. GUIDA, V.K. GUPTA, A. GURTU, L.J. GUTAY, D. HAAS, D. HATZIFOTIADOU, T. HEBBEKER, A. HERVÉ, J. HIRSCHFELDER, H. HOFER, M. HOHLMANN, G. HOLZNER, S.R. HOU, Y. HU, B.N. JIN, L.W. JONES, P. DE JONG, I. JOSA-MUTUBERRÍA, M. KAUR, M.N. KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K. KIM, J. KIRKBY, W. KITTEL, A. KLIMENTOV, A.C. KOENIG, M. KOPAL, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRAEBER, R.W. KRAEMER, A. KRUEGER, A. KUNIN, P. LADRON DE GUEVARA, I. LAKTINEH, G. LANDI, M. LEBEAU, A. LEBEDEV, P. LEBRUN, P. LECOMTE, P. LECOQ, P. LE COULTRE, J.M. LE GOFF, R. LEISTE, M. LEVTCHENKO, P. LEVTCHENKO, C. LI, S. LIKHODED, C.H. LIN, W.T. LIN, F.L. LINDE, L. LISTA, Z.A. LIU, W. LOHMANN, E. LONGO, Y.S. LU, C. LUCI, L. LUMINARI, W. LUSTERMANN, W.G. MA, L. MALGERI, A. MALININ, C. MANA, D. MANGEOL, J. MANS, J.P. MARTIN, F. MARZANO, K. MAZUMDAR, R.R. MCNEIL, S. MELE, L. MEROLA, M. MESCHINI, W.J. METZGER, A. MIHUL, H. MILCENT, G. MIRABELLI, J. MNICH, G.B. MOHANTY, G.S. MUANZA, A.J.M. MUIJS, B. MUSICAR, M. MUSY, S. NAGY, S. NATALE, M. NAPOLITANO, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, H. NEWMAN, A. NISATI, T. NOVAK, H. NOWAK, R. OFIERZYNSKI, G. ORGANTINI, I. PAL, C. PALOMARES, P.PAOLUCCI, R. PARAMATTI, G. PASSALEVA, S. PATRICELLI, T. PAUL, M. PAULUZZI, C. PAUS, F. PAUSS, M. PEDACE, S. PENSOTTI, D. PERRET-GALLIX, B. PETERSEN, D. PICCOLO, F. PIERELLA, M. PIOPPI, P.A. PIROUE, E. PISTOLESI, V. PLYASKIN, M. POHL, V. POJIDAEV, J. POTHIER, D. PROKOFIEV, J. QUARTIERI, G. RAHAL-CALLOT, M.A.RAHAMAN, P. RAICS, N. RAJA, R. RAMELLI, P.G. RANCOITA, R. RANIERI, A. RASPEREZA, P. RAZIS, D. REN, M. RESCIGNO, S. REUCROFT, S. RIEMANN, K. RILES, B.P. ROE, L. ROMERO, A. ROSCA, C. ROSEMANN, C. ROSENBLECK, S. ROSIER-LEES, S. ROTH, J.A. RUBIO, G. RUGGIERO, H. RYKACZEWSKI, A. SAKHAROV, S. SAREMI, S. SARKAR, J. SALICIO, E. SANCHEZ, C. SCHAEFER, V. SCHEGELSKY, H. SCHOPPER, D.J. SCHOTANUS, C. SCIACCA, L. SERVOLI, S. SHEVCHENKO, N. SHIVAROV, V. SHOUTKO, E. SHUMILOV, A. SHVOROB, D. SON, C. SOUGA, P. SPILLANTINI, M. STEUER, D.P. STICKLAND, B. STOYANOV, A. STRAESSNER, K. SUDHAKAR, G. SULTANOV, L.Z. SUN, S. SUSHKOV, H. SUTER, J.D. SWAIN, Z. SZILLASI, X.W. TANG, P. TARJAN, L. TAUSCHER, L. TAYLOR, B. TELLILI, D. TEYSSIER, C. TIMMERMANS, SAMUEL C.C. TING, S.M. TING, S.C. TONWAR, J. TOTH, C. TULLY, K.L. TUNG, J. ULBRICHT, E. VALENTE, R.T. VAN DE WALLE, R. VASQUEZ, V. VESZPREMI, G. VESZTERGOMBI, I. VETLITSKI, D. VICINANZA, G. VIERTEL, S. VILLA, M. VIVARGENT, S. VLACHOS, I. VODOPIANOV, H. VOGEL, H. VOGT, I. VOROBIEV, A.A. VOROBYOV, M. WADHWA, Q. WANG, X.L. WANG, Z.M. WANG, M. WEBER, H. WILKENS, S. WYNHOFF, L. XIA, Z.Z. XU, J. YAMAMOTO, B.Z. YANG, C.G. YANG, H.J. YANG, M. YANG, S.C. YEH, AN. ZALITE, YU. ZALITE, Z.P. ZHANG, J. ZHAO, G.Y. ZHU, R.Y. ZHU, H.L. ZHUANG, A. ZICHICHI, B. ZIMMERMANN, M. ZOELLER, P., Achard, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, C., Sciacca, Lista, Luca, Achard, P, Adriani, O, Aguilar Benitez, M, van den Akker, M, Alcaraz, J, Alemanni, G, Allaby, J, Aloisio, A, Alviggi, M, Anderhub, H, Andreev, V, Anselmo, F, Arefiev, A, Azemoon, T, Aziz, T, Bagnaia, P, Bajo, A, Baksay, G, Baksay, L, Bähr, J, Baldew, S, Banerjee, S, Barczyk, A, Barillère, R, Bartalini, P, Basile, M, Batalova, N, Battiston, R, Bay, A, Becattini, F, Becker, U, Behner, F, Bellucci, L, Berbeco, R, Berdugo, J, Berges, P, Bertucci, B, Betev, B, Biasini, M, Biglietti, M, Biland, A, Blaising, J, Blyth, S, Bobbink, G, Böhm, A, Boldizsar, L, Borgia, B, Bottai, S, Bourilkov, D, Bourquin, M, Braccini, S, Branson, J, Brochu, F, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cai, X, Capell, M, Cara Romeo, G, Carlino, G, Cartacci, A, Casaus, J, Cavallari, F, Cavallo, N, Cecchi, C, Cerrada, M, Chamizo, M, Chiarusi, T, Chang, Y, Chemarin, M, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chiefari, G, Cifarelli, L, Cindolo, F, Clare, I, Clare, R, Coignet, G, Colino, N, Costantini, S, de La Cruz, B, Cucciarelli, S, van Dalen, J, de Asmundis, R, Déglon, P, Debreczeni, J, Degré, A, Dehmelt, K, Deiters, K, della Volpe, D, Delmeire, E, Denes, P, Denotaristefani, F, de Salvo, A, Diemoz, M, Dierckxsens, M, Ding, L, Dionisi, C, Dittmar, M, Doria, A, Dova, M, Duchesneau, D, Duda, M, Duran, I, Echenard, B, Eline, A, El Hage, A, El Mamouni, H, Engler, A, Eppling, F, Extermann, P, Faber, G, Falagan, M, Falciano, S, Favara, A, Fay, J, Fedin, O, Felcini, M, Ferguson, T, Fesefeldt, H, Fiandrini, E, Field, J, Filthaut, F, Fisher, W, Fisk, I, Forconi, G, Freudenreich, K, Furetta, C, Galaktionov, Y, Ganguli, S, Garcia Abia, P, Gataullin, M, Gentile, S, Giagu, S, Gong, Z, Grabosch, H, Grenier, G, Grimm, O, Groenstege, H, Gruenewald, M, Guida, M, Guo, Y, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gurtu, A, Gutay, L, Haas, D, Haller, C, Hatzifotiadou, D, Hayashi, Y, He, Z, Hebbeker, T, Hervé, A, Hirschfelder, J, Hofer, H, Hohlmann, M, Holzner, G, Hou, S, Huo, A, Hu, Y, Ito, N, Jin, B, Jing, C, Jones, L, de Jong, P, Josa Mutuberría, I, Kantserov, V, Kaur, M, Kawakami, S, Kienzle Focacci, M, Kim, J, Kirkby, J, Kittel, W, Klimentov, A, König, A, Kok, E, Korn, A, Kopal, M, Koutsenko, V, Kräber, M, Kuang, H, Kraemer, R, Krüger, A, Kuijpers, J, Kunin, A, Ladron de Guevara, P, Laktineh, I, Landi, G, Lebeau, M, Lebedev, A, Lebrun, P, Lecomte, P, Lecoq, P, Le Coultre, P, Le Goff, J, Lei, Y, Leich, H, Leiste, R, Levtchenko, M, Levtchenko, P, Li, C, Li, L, Li, Z, Likhoded, S, Lin, C, Lin, W, Linde, F, Lista, L, Liu, Z, Lohmann, W, Longo, E, Lu, Y, Luci, C, Luminari, L, Lustermann, W, Ma, W, Ma, X, Ma, Y, Malgeri, L, Malinin, A, Maña, C, Mans, J, Martin, J, Marzano, F, Mazumdar, K, Mcneil, R, Mele, S, Meng, X, Merola, L, Meschini, M, Metzger, W, Mihul, A, van Mil, A, Milcent, H, Mirabelli, G, Mnich, J, Mohanty, G, Monteleoni, B, Muanza, G, Muijs, A, Musicar, B, Musy, M, Nagy, S, Nahnhauer, R, Naumov, V, Natale, S, Napolitano, M, Nessi Tedaldi, F, Newman, H, Nisati, A, Novak, T, Nowak, H, Ofierzynski, R, Organtini, G, Pal, I, Palomares, C, Paolucci, P, Paramatti, R, Parriaud, J, Passaleva, G, Patricelli, S, Paul, T, Pauluzzi, M, Paus, C, Pauss, F, Pedace, M, Pensotti, S, Perret Gallix, D, Petersen, B, Piccolo, D, Pierella, F, Pieri, M, Pioppi, M, Piroué, P, Pistolesi, E, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Pojidaev, V, Pothier, J, Prokofiev, D, Quartieri, J, Qing, C, Rahal Callot, G, Rahaman, M, Raics, P, Raja, N, Ramelli, R, Rancoita, P, Ranieri, R, Raspereza, A, Ravindran, K, Razis, P, Ren, D, Rescigno, M, Reucroft, S, Rewiersma, P, Riemann, S, Riles, K, Roe, B, Rojkov, A, Romero, L, Rosca, A, Rosemann, C, Rosenbleck, C, Rosier Lees, S, Roth, S, Rubio, J, Ruggiero, G, Rykaczewski, H, Saidi, R, Sakharov, A, Saremi, S, Sarkar, S, Salicio, J, Sanchez, E, Schäfer, C, Schegelsky, V, Schmitt, V, Schoeneich, B, Schopper, H, Schotanus, D, Sciacca, C, Servoli, L, Shen, C, Shevchenko, S, Shivarov, N, Shoutko, V, Shumilov, E, Shvorob, A, Son, D, Souga, C, Spillantini, P, Steuer, M, Stickland, D, Stoyanov, B, Straessner, A, Sudhakar, K, Sulanke, H, Sultanov, G, Sun, L, Sushkov, S, Suter, H, Swain, J, Szillasi, Z, Tang, X, Tarjan, P, Tauscher, L, Taylor, L, Tellili, B, Teyssier, D, Timmermans, C, Ting, S, Tonwar, S, Tóth, J, Trowitzsch, G, Tully, C, Tung, K, Ulbricht, J, Unger, M, Valente, E, Verkooijen, H, van de Walle, R, Vasquez, R, Veszpremi, V, Vesztergombi, G, Vetlitsky, I, Vicinanza, D, Viertel, G, Villa, S, Vivargent, M, Vlachos, S, Vodopianov, I, Vogel, H, Vogt, H, Vorobiev, I, Vorobyov, A, Wadhwa, M, Wang, R, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Weber, M, van Wijk, R, Wijnen, T, Wilkens, H, Wynhoff, S, Xia, L, Xu, Y, Xu, J, Xu, Z, Yamamoto, J, Yang, B, Yang, C, Yang, H, Yang, M, Yang, X, Yao, Z, Yeh, S, Yu, Z, Zalite, A, Zalite, Y, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhou, S, Zhu, G, Zhu, R, Zhuang, H, Zhu, Q, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, B, Zöller, M, Zwart, A, Achard, Pablo, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Delmeire, Evelyne, Echenard, Bertrand, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Natale, Sonia, Pohl, Martin, and Straessner, Arno
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,L3,CERN-LEP-L3 ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Ciencias Físicas ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,momentum spectrum ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,ddc:500.2 ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Momentum ,Nuclear physics ,Atmospheric muon spectrum ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Muon spectrometer ,muon ,l3 ,cern lab ,cosmic radiation ,angular dependence ,magnetic detector ,0103 physical sciences ,Vertical direction ,Nuclear Experiment ,010306 general physics ,Cosmic rays ,High-energy hadronic interactions ,Zenith ,Physics ,Muon ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Física ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https] ,Astronomía ,Pair production ,Muon flux ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Particle Physics - Experiment ,FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE - Abstract
The absolute muon flux between 20 and 3000 GeV is measured with the L3 magnetic muon spectrometer for zenith angles ranging from 0°to 58°. Due to the large exposure of about 150 m2sr d, and the excellent momentum resolution of the L3 muon chambers, a precision of 2.3% at 150 GeV in the vertical direction is achieved.The ratio of positive to negative muons is studied between 20 and 500 GeV, and the average vertical muon charge ratio is found to be 1.285±0.003(stat.)±0.019(syst.)., Physics Letters B, 598 (1-2), ISSN:0370-2693, ISSN:0031-9163, ISSN:1873-2445
- Published
- 2004
17. Measurement of the Z-boson mass using e+e -> Z gamma events at centre-of-mass energies above the Z pole
- Author
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P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz, P. Bagnaia, A. Bajo, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, S.V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillère, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B.L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, S.C. Blyth, G.J. Bobbink, A. Böhm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J.G. Branson, F. Brochu, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, Y.H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de la Cruz, S. Cucciarelli, J.A. van Dalen, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M.T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, B. Echenard, A. Eline, A. El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F.J. Eppling, P. Extermann, M.A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, F. Filthaut, P.H. Fisher, W. Fisher, I. Fisk, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu. Galaktionov, S.N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z.F. Gong, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, R. van Gulik, V.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L.J. Gutay, D. Haas, D. Hatzifotiadou, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S.R. Hou, Y. Hu, B.N. Jin, L.W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberrı́a, D. Käfer, M. Kaur, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, J.K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A.C. König, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, R.W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J.M. Le Goff, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, S. Likhoded, C.H. Lin, W.T. Lin, F.L. Linde, L. Lista, Z.A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y.S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W.G. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Maña, J. Mans, J.P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R.R. McNeil, S. Mele, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W.J. Metzger, A. Mihul, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, G.S. Muanza, A.J.M. Muijs, B. Musicar, M. Musy, S. Nagy, S. Natale, M. Napolitano, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, H. Newman, A. Nisati, T. Novak, H. Nowak, R. Ofierzynski, G. Organtini, I. Pal, C. Palomares, P. Paolucci, R. Paramatti, G. Passaleva, S. Patricelli, T. Paul, M. Pauluzzi, C. Paus, F. Pauss, M. Pedace, S. Pensotti, D. Perret-Gallix, B. Petersen, D. Piccolo, F. Pierella, M. Pioppi, P.A. Piroué, E. Pistolesi, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Pojidaev, J. Pothier, D. Prokofiev, J. Quartieri, G. Rahal-Callot, M.A. Rahaman, P. Raics, N. Raja, R. Ramelli, P.G. Rancoita, R. Ranieri, A. Raspereza, P. Razis, D. Ren, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, S. Riemann, K. Riles, B.P. Roe, L. Romero, A. Rosca, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Roth, C. Rosenbleck, J.A. Rubio, G. Ruggiero, H. Rykaczewski, A. Sakharov, S. Saremi, S. Sarkar, J. Salicio, E. Sanchez, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, H. Schopper, D.J. Schotanus, C. Sciacca, L. Servoli, S. Shevchenko, N. Shivarov, V. Shoutko, E. Shumilov, A. Shvorob, D. Son, C. Souga, P. Spillantini, M. Steuer, D.P. Stickland, B. Stoyanov, A. Straessner, K. Sudhakar, G. Sultanov, L.Z. Sun, S. Sushkov, H. Suter, J.D. Swain, Z. Szillasi, X.W. Tang, P. Tarjan, L. Tauscher, L. Taylor, B. Tellili, D. Teyssier, C. Timmermans, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, S.C. Tonwar, J. Tóth, C. Tully, K.L. Tung, J. Ulbricht, E. Valente, R.T. Van de Walle, R. Vasquez, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, I. Vetlitsky, D. Vicinanza, G. Viertel, S. Villa, M. Vivargent, S. Vlachos, I. Vodopianov, H. Vogel, H. Vogt, I. Vorobiev, A.A. Vorobyov, M. Wadhwa, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, Z.M. Wang, M. Weber, P. Wienemann, H. Wilkens, S. Wynhoff, L. Xia, Z.Z. Xu, J. Yamamoto, B.Z. Yang, C.G. Yang, H.J. Yang, M. Yang, S.C. Yeh, An. Zalite, Yu. Zalite, Z.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, R.Y. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, M. Zöller, Achard, Pablo, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Delmeire, Evelyne, Echenard, Bertrand, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Malgeri, Luca, Natale, Sonia, Pohl, Martin, Straessner, Arno, L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), P. ACHARD, O. ADRIANI, M. AGUILAR-BENITEZ, J. ALCARAZ, G. ALEMANNI, J. ALLABY, A. ALOISIO, M.G. ALVIGGI, H. ANDERHUB, V.P. ANDREEV, F. ANSELMO, A. AREFIEV, T. AZEMOON, T. AZIZ, P. BAGNAIA, A. BAJO, G. BAKSAY, L. BAKSAY, S.V. BALDEW, S. BANERJEE, SW. BANERJEE, A. BARCZYK, R. BARILLÈRE, P. BARTALINI, M. BASILE, N. BATALOVA, R. BATTISTON, A. BAY, F. BECATTINI, U. BECKER, F. BEHNER, L. BELLUCCI, R. BERBECO, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, B.L. BETEV, M. BIASINI, M. BIGLIETTI, A. BILAND, J.J. BLAISING, S.C. BLYTH, G.J. BOBBINK, A. BÖHM, L. BOLDIZSAR, B. BORGIA, S. BOTTAI, D. BOURILKOV, M. BOURQUIN, S. BRACCINI, J.G. BRANSON, F. BROCHU, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, M. CAPELL, G. CARA ROMEO, G. CARLINO, A. CARTACCI, J. CASAUS, F. CAVALLARI, N. CAVALLO, C. CECCHI, M. CERRADA, M. CHAMIZO, Y.H. CHANG, M. CHEMARIN, A. CHEN, G. CHEN, G.M. CHEN, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, G. CHIEFARI, L. CIFARELLI, F. CINDOLO, I. CLARE, R. CLARE, G. COIGNET, N. COLINO, S. COSTANTINI, B. DE LA CRUZ, S. CUCCIARELLI, J.A. VAN DALEN, R. DE ASMUNDIS, P. DÉGLON, J. DEBRECZENI, A. DEGRÉ, K. DEHMELT, K. DEITERS, D. DELLA VOLPE, E. DELMEIRE, P. DENES, F. DE NOTARISTEFANI, A. DE SALVO, M. DIEMOZ, M. DIERCKXSENS, C. DIONISI, M. DITTMAR, A. DORIA, M.T. DOVA, D. DUCHESNEAU, M. DUDA, B. ECHENARD, A. ELINE, A. EL HAGE, H. EL MAMOUNI, A. ENGLER, F.J. EPPLING, P. EXTERMANN, M.A. FALAGAN, S. FALCIANO, A. FAVARA, J. FAY, O. FEDIN, M. FELCINI, T. FERGUSON, H. FESEFELDT, E. FIANDRINI, J.H. FIELD, F. FILTHAUT, P.H. FISHER, W. FISHER, I. FISK, G. FORCONI, K. FREUDENREICH, C. FURETTA, YU. GALAKTIONOV, S.N. GANGULI, P. GARCIA-ABIA, M. GATAULLIN, S. GENTILE, S. GIAGU, Z.F. GONG, G. GRENIER, O. GRIMM, M.W. GRUENEWALD, M. GUIDA, V.K. GUPTA, A. GURTU, L.J. GUTAY, D. HAAS, D. HATZIFOTIADOU, T. HEBBEKER, A. HERVÉ, J. HIRSCHFELDER, H. HOFER, M. HOHLMANN, G. HOLZNER, S.R. HOU, Y. HU, B.N. JIN, L.W. JONES, P. DE JONG, I. JOSA-MUTUBERRÍA, M. KAUR, M.N. KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K. KIM, J. KIRKBY, W. KITTEL, A. KLIMENTOV, A.C. KOENIG, M. KOPAL, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRAEBER, R.W. KRAEMER, A. KRUEGER, A. KUNIN, P. LADRON DE GUEVARA, I. LAKTINEH, G. LANDI, M. LEBEAU, A. LEBEDEV, P. LEBRUN, P. LECOMTE, P. LECOQ, P. LE COULTRE, J.M. LE GOFF, R. LEISTE, M. LEVTCHENKO, P. LEVTCHENKO, C. LI, S. LIKHODED, C.H. LIN, W.T. LIN, F.L. LINDE, L. LISTA, Z.A. LIU, W. LOHMANN, E. LONGO, Y.S. LU, C. LUCI, L. LUMINARI, W. LUSTERMANN, W.G. MA, L. MALGERI, A. MALININ, C. MANA, D. MANGEOL, J. MANS, J.P. MARTIN, F. MARZANO, K. MAZUMDAR, RR. MCNEIL, S. MELE, L. MEROLA, M. MESCHINI, W.J. METZGER, A. MIHUL, H. MILCENT, G. MIRABELLI, J. MNICH, G.B. MOHANTY, G.S. MUANZA, A.J.M. MUIJS, B. MUSICAR, M. MUSY, S. NAGY, S. NATALE, M. NAPOLITANO, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, H. NEWMAN, A. NISATI, T. NOVAK, H. NOWAK, R. OFIERZYNSKI, G. ORGANTINI, I. PAL, C. PALOMARES, P.PAOLUCCI, R. PARAMATTI, G. PASSALEVA, S. PATRICELLI, T. PAUL, M. PAULUZZI, C. PAUS, F. PAUSS, M. PEDACE, S. PENSOTTI, D. PERRET-GALLIX, B. PETERSEN, D. PICCOLO, F. PIERELLA, M. PIOPPI, P.A. PIROUE, E. PISTOLESI, V. PLYASKIN, M. POHL, V. POJIDAEV, J. POTHIER, D. PROKOFIEV, J. QUARTIERI, G. RAHAL-CALLOT, M.A.RAHAMAN, P. RAICS, N. RAJA, R. RAMELLI, P.G. RANCOITA, R. RANIERI, A. RASPEREZA, P. RAZIS, D. REN, M. RESCIGNO, S. REUCROFT, S. RIEMANN, K. RILES, B.P. ROE, L. ROMERO, A. ROSCA, C. ROSEMANN, C. ROSENBLECK, S. ROSIER-LEES, S. ROTH, J.A. RUBIO, G. RUGGIERO, H. RYKACZEWSKI, A. SAKHAROV, S. SAREMI, S. SARKAR, J. SALICIO, E. SANCHEZ, C. SCHAEFER, V. SCHEGELSKY, H. SCHOPPER, D.J. SCHOTANUS, C. SCIACCA, L. SERVOLI, S. SHEVCHENKO, N. SHIVAROV, V. SHOUTKO, E. SHUMILOV, A. SHVOROB, D. SON, C. SOUGA, P. SPILLANTINI, M. STEUER, D.P. STICKLAND, B. STOYANOV, A. STRAESSNER, K. SUDHAKAR, G. SULTANOV, L.Z. SUN, S. SUSHKOV, H. SUTER, J.D. SWAIN, Z. SZILLASI, X.W. TANG, P. TARJAN, L. TAUSCHER, L. TAYLOR, B. TELLILI, D. TEYSSIER, C. TIMMERMANS, SAMUEL C.C. TING, S.M. TING, S.C. TONWAR, J. TOTH, C. TULLY, K.L. TUNG, J. ULBRICHT, E. VALENTE, R.T. VAN DE WALLE, R. VASQUEZ, V. VESZPREMI, G. VESZTERGOMBI, I. VETLITSKI, D. VICINANZA, G. VIERTEL, S. VILLA, M. VIVARGENT, S. VLACHOS, I. VODOPIANOV, H. VOGEL, H. VOGT, I. VOROBIEV, A.A. VOROBYOV, M. WADHWA, Q. WANG, X.L. WANG, Z.M. WANG, M. WEBER, H. WILKENS, S. WYNHOFF, L. XIA, Z.Z. XU, J. YAMAMOTO, B.Z. YANG, C.G. YANG, H.J. YANG, M. YANG, S.C. YEH, AN. ZALITE, YU. ZALITE, Z.P. ZHANG, J. ZHAO, G.Y. ZHU, R.Y. ZHU, H.L. ZHUANG, A. ZICHICHI, B. ZIMMERMANN, M. ZOELLER, IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, and Lista, Luca
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Z boson ,Hadron ,ddc:500.2 ,Radiation ,01 natural sciences ,Measure (mathematics) ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Ciencias Exactas ,L3 EXPERIMENT ,Physics ,Muon ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Z pole ,Resonance ,Física ,centre-of-mass energies ,Z-boson ,monte-carlo program ,cross-sections ,l3 experiment ,final-states ,qcd ,lep ,photoproduction ,simulation ,collisions ,parameters ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Beam energy - Abstract
Events from the e+e− → Zγ process with hard initial-state radiation collected with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 183 and 209 GeV are used to measure the mass of the Z boson. Decays of the Z boson into hadrons or muon pairs are considered and the Z mass is determined to be 91.272 ± 0.032(stat) ± 0.033(syst) GeV, in agreement with the value measured at the Z resonance. Alternatively, assuming this measured value of the Z mass, the method determines the LEP centre-of-mass energy, found to be 175 ± 68(stat) ± 68(syst) MeV lower than the nominal value., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Published
- 2004
18. Search for color singlet and color reconnection effects in hadronic Z decays at LEP
- Author
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P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz, P. Bagnaia, A. Bajo, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, S.V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillère, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B.L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, S.C. Blyth, G.J. Bobbink, A. Böhm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J.G. Branson, F. Brochu, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, Y.H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de la Cruz, S. Cucciarelli, J.A. van Dalen, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M.T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, B. Echenard, A. Eline, A. El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F.J. Eppling, P. Extermann, M.A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, F. Filthaut, P.H. Fisher, W. Fisher, I. Fisk, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu. Galaktionov, S.N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z.F. Gong, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, R. van Gulik, V.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L.J. Gutay, D. Haas, D. Hatzifotiadou, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S.R. Hou, Y. Hu, B.N. Jin, L.W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberrı́a, D. Käfer, M. Kaur, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, J.K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A.C. König, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, R.W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J.M. Le Goff, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, S. Likhoded, C.H. Lin, W.T. Lin, F.L. Linde, L. Lista, Z.A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y.S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W.G. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Maña, J. Mans, J.P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R.R. McNeil, S. Mele, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W.J. Metzger, A. Mihul, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, G.S. Muanza, A.J.M. Muijs, B. Musicar, M. Musy, S. Nagy, S. Natale, M. Napolitano, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, H. Newman, A. Nisati, T. Novak, H. Nowak, R. Ofierzynski, G. Organtini, I. Pal, C. Palomares, P. Paolucci, R. Paramatti, G. Passaleva, S. Patricelli, T. Paul, M. Pauluzzi, C. Paus, F. Pauss, M. Pedace, S. Pensotti, D. Perret-Gallix, B. Petersen, D. Piccolo, F. Pierella, M. Pioppi, P.A. Piroué, E. Pistolesi, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Pojidaev, J. Pothier, D. Prokofiev, J. Quartieri, G. Rahal-Callot, M.A. Rahaman, P. Raics, N. Raja, R. Ramelli, P.G. Rancoita, R. Ranieri, A. Raspereza, P. Razis, D. Ren, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, S. Riemann, K. Riles, B.P. Roe, L. Romero, A. Rosca, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Roth, C. Rosenbleck, J.A. Rubio, G. Ruggiero, H. Rykaczewski, A. Sakharov, S. Saremi, S. Sarkar, J. Salicio, E. Sanchez, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, H. Schopper, D.J. Schotanus, C. Sciacca, L. Servoli, S. Shevchenko, N. Shivarov, V. Shoutko, E. Shumilov, A. Shvorob, D. Son, C. Souga, P. Spillantini, M. Steuer, D.P. Stickland, B. Stoyanov, A. Straessner, K. Sudhakar, G. Sultanov, L.Z. Sun, S. Sushkov, H. Suter, J.D. Swain, Z. Szillasi, X.W. Tang, P. Tarjan, L. Tauscher, L. Taylor, B. Tellili, D. Teyssier, C. Timmermans, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, S.C. Tonwar, J. Tóth, C. Tully, K.L. Tung, J. Ulbricht, E. Valente, R.T. Van de Walle, R. Vasquez, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, I. Vetlitsky, D. Vicinanza, G. Viertel, S. Villa, M. Vivargent, S. Vlachos, I. Vodopianov, H. Vogel, H. Vogt, I. Vorobiev, A.A. Vorobyov, M. Wadhwa, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, Z.M. Wang, M. Weber, P. Wienemann, H. Wilkens, S. Wynhoff, L. Xia, Z.Z. Xu, J. Yamamoto, B.Z. Yang, C.G. Yang, H.J. Yang, M. Yang, S.C. Yeh, An. Zalite, Yu. Zalite, Z.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, R.Y. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, M. Zöller, Achard, Pablo, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Delmeire, Evelyne, Echenard, Bertrand, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Malgeri, Luca, Natale, Sonia, Pohl, Martin, Straessner, Arno, P., Achard, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, Lista, Luca, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), P. ACHARD, O. ADRIANI, M. AGUILAR-BENITEZ, J. ALCARAZ, G. ALEMANNI, J. ALLABY, A. ALOISIO, M.G. ALVIGGI, H. ANDERHUB, V.P. ANDREEV, F. ANSELMO, A. AREFIEV, T. AZEMOON, T. AZIZ, P. BAGNAIA, A. BAJO, G. BAKSAY, L. BAKSAY, S.V. BALDEW, S. BANERJEE, SW. BANERJEE, A. BARCZYK, R. BARILLÈRE, P. BARTALINI, M. BASILE, N. BATALOVA, R. BATTISTON, A. BAY, F. BECATTINI, U. BECKER, F. BEHNER, L. BELLUCCI, R. BERBECO, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, B.L. BETEV, M. BIASINI, M. BIGLIETTI, A. BILAND, J.J. BLAISING, S.C. BLYTH, G.J. BOBBINK, A. BÖHM, L. BOLDIZSAR, B. BORGIA, S. BOTTAI, D. BOURILKOV, M. BOURQUIN, S. BRACCINI, J.G. BRANSON, F. BROCHU, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, M. CAPELL, G. CARA ROMEO, G. CARLINO, A. CARTACCI, J. CASAUS, F. CAVALLARI, N. CAVALLO, C. CECCHI, M. CERRADA, M. CHAMIZO, Y.H. CHANG, M. CHEMARIN, A. CHEN, G. CHEN, G.M. CHEN, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, G. CHIEFARI, L. CIFARELLI, F. CINDOLO, I. CLARE, R. CLARE, G. COIGNET, N. COLINO, S. COSTANTINI, B. DE LA CRUZ, S. CUCCIARELLI, J.A. VAN DALEN, R. DE ASMUNDIS, P. DÉGLON, J. DEBRECZENI, A. DEGRÉ, K. DEHMELT, K. DEITERS, D. DELLA VOLPE, E. DELMEIRE, P. DENES, F. DE NOTARISTEFANI, A. DE SALVO, M. DIEMOZ, M. DIERCKXSENS, C. DIONISI, M. DITTMAR, A. DORIA, M.T. DOVA, D. DUCHESNEAU, M. DUDA, B. ECHENARD, A. ELINE, A. EL HAGE, H. EL MAMOUNI, A. ENGLER, F.J. EPPLING, P. EXTERMANN, M.A. FALAGAN, S. FALCIANO, A. FAVARA, J. FAY, O. FEDIN, M. FELCINI, T. FERGUSON, H. FESEFELDT, E. FIANDRINI, J.H. FIELD, F. FILTHAUT, P.H. FISHER, W. FISHER, I. FISK, G. FORCONI, K. FREUDENREICH, C. FURETTA, YU. GALAKTIONOV, S.N. GANGULI, P. GARCIA-ABIA, M. GATAULLIN, S. GENTILE, S. GIAGU, Z.F. GONG, G. GRENIER, O. GRIMM, M.W. GRUENEWALD, M. GUIDA, V.K. GUPTA, A. GURTU, L.J. GUTAY, D. HAAS, D. HATZIFOTIADOU, T. HEBBEKER, A. HERVÉ, J. HIRSCHFELDER, H. HOFER, M. HOHLMANN, G. HOLZNER, S.R. HOU, Y. HU, B.N. JIN, L.W. JONES, P. DE JONG, I. JOSA-MUTUBERRÍA, M. KAUR, M.N. KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K. KIM, J. KIRKBY, W. KITTEL, A. KLIMENTOV, A.C. KOENIG, M. KOPAL, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRAEBER, R.W. KRAEMER, A. KRUEGER, A. KUNIN, P. LADRON DE GUEVARA, I. LAKTINEH, G. LANDI, M. LEBEAU, A. LEBEDEV, P. LEBRUN, P. LECOMTE, P. LECOQ, P. LE COULTRE, J.M. LE GOFF, R. LEISTE, M. LEVTCHENKO, P. LEVTCHENKO, C. LI, S. LIKHODED, C.H. LIN, W.T. LIN, F.L. LINDE, L. LISTA, Z.A. LIU, W. LOHMANN, E. LONGO, Y.S. LU, C. LUCI, L. LUMINARI, W. LUSTERMANN, W.G. MA, L. MALGERI, A. MALININ, C. MANA, D. MANGEOL, J. MANS, J.P. MARTIN, F. MARZANO, K. MAZUMDAR, RR. MCNEIL, S. MELE, L. MEROLA, M. MESCHINI, W.J. METZGER, A. MIHUL, H. MILCENT, G. MIRABELLI, J. MNICH, G.B. MOHANTY, G.S. MUANZA, A.J.M. MUIJS, B. MUSICAR, M. MUSY, S. NAGY, S. NATALE, M. NAPOLITANO, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, H. NEWMAN, A. NISATI, T. NOVAK, H. NOWAK, R. OFIERZYNSKI, G. ORGANTINI, I. PAL, C. PALOMARES, P.PAOLUCCI, R. PARAMATTI, G. PASSALEVA, S. PATRICELLI, T. PAUL, M. PAULUZZI, C. PAUS, F. PAUSS, M. PEDACE, S. PENSOTTI, D. PERRET-GALLIX, B. PETERSEN, D. PICCOLO, F. PIERELLA, M. PIOPPI, P.A. PIROUE, E. PISTOLESI, V. PLYASKIN, M. POHL, V. POJIDAEV, J. POTHIER, D. PROKOFIEV, J. QUARTIERI, G. RAHAL-CALLOT, M.A.RAHAMAN, P. RAICS, N. RAJA, R. RAMELLI, P.G. RANCOITA, R. RANIERI, A. RASPEREZA, P. RAZIS, D. REN, M. RESCIGNO, S. REUCROFT, S. RIEMANN, K. RILES, B.P. ROE, L. ROMERO, A. ROSCA, C. ROSEMANN, C. ROSENBLECK, S. ROSIER-LEES, S. ROTH, J.A. RUBIO, G. RUGGIERO, H. RYKACZEWSKI, A. SAKHAROV, S. SAREMI, S. SARKAR, J. SALICIO, E. SANCHEZ, C. SCHAEFER, V. SCHEGELSKY, H. SCHOPPER, D.J. SCHOTANUS, C. SCIACCA, L. SERVOLI, S. SHEVCHENKO, N. SHIVAROV, V. SHOUTKO, E. SHUMILOV, A. SHVOROB, D. SON, C. SOUGA, P. SPILLANTINI, M. STEUER, D.P. STICKLAND, B. STOYANOV, A. STRAESSNER, K. SUDHAKAR, G. SULTANOV, L.Z. SUN, S. SUSHKOV, H. SUTER, J.D. SWAIN, Z. SZILLASI, X.W. TANG, P. TARJAN, L. TAUSCHER, L. TAYLOR, B. TELLILI, D. TEYSSIER, C. TIMMERMANS, SAMUEL C.C. TING, S.M. TING, S.C. TONWAR, J. TOTH, C. TULLY, K.L. TUNG, J. ULBRICHT, E. VALENTE, R.T. VAN DE WALLE, R. VASQUEZ, V. VESZPREMI, G. VESZTERGOMBI, I. VETLITSKI, D. VICINANZA, G. VIERTEL, S. VILLA, M. VIVARGENT, S. VLACHOS, I. VODOPIANOV, H. VOGEL, H. VOGT, I. VOROBIEV, A.A. VOROBYOV, M. WADHWA, Q. WANG, X.L. WANG, Z.M. WANG, M. WEBER, H. WILKENS, S. WYNHOFF, L. XIA, Z.Z. XU, J. YAMAMOTO, B.Z. YANG, C.G. YANG, H.J. YANG, M. YANG, S.C. YEH, AN. ZALITE, YU. ZALITE, Z.P. ZHANG, J. ZHAO, G.Y. ZHU, R.Y. ZHU, H.L. ZHUANG, A. ZICHICHI, B. ZIMMERMANN, M. ZOELLER, and IHEF (IoP, FNWI)
- Subjects
Quark ,Particle physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Z boson ,e&e-annihilation ,rapidity gaps ,3-jet events ,e+e annihilation ,particle-flow ,root-s ,energy ,jets ,quark ,tests ,Electron–positron annihilation ,Hadron ,FOS: Physical sciences ,ddc:500.2 ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,Z boson decay ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,colour singlet production ,0103 physical sciences ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,Particle flow ,Singlet state ,010306 general physics ,Ciencias Exactas ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,L3 experiment ,colour reconnection effects ,Física ,3. Good health ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Particle Physics - Experiment - Abstract
A search is performed in symmetric 3-jet hadronic Z-decay events for evidence of colour singlet production or colour reconnection effects. Asymmetries in the angular separation of particles are found to be sensitive indicators of such effects. Upper limits on the level of colour singlet production or of colour reconnection effects are established for a variety of models., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Published
- 2004
19. Real Spatial Shapes and Phase Space Structures of 3-D Nonlinear Electrostatic Plasma Wave
- Author
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C. Wang, B. F. Shen, H. Lin, and Z.Z. Xu
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Physics ,Constraint (information theory) ,Transverse plane ,Nonlinear system ,Optics ,Waves in plasmas ,business.industry ,Phase space ,Mathematical analysis ,Structure (category theory) ,Space (mathematics) ,business ,Charged particle - Abstract
3-D nonlinear electrostatic plasma wave is periodic along its longitudinal direction. By strictly analyzing a universal equation set of charged particles system, we find that such a longitudinal periodicity has a severe constraint on the transverse shape of a 3-D electrostatic structure. Only few allowed transverse shapes could warrant the longitudinal periodicity. This longitudinal periodicity in real space shapes can lead to a corresponding periodic structure in phase space. PACS: 52.35.-g, 52.35.Fp, 52.35.Mw, 52.35.Sb, 52.65.-y.
- Published
- 2012
20. Control of Estrus Cycles: Synchronization of Estrus
- Author
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Z.Z. Xu
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Estrous cycle ,endocrine system ,urogenital system ,Artificial insemination ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Estrus synchronization ,Biology ,Luteal phase ,Andrology ,Synchronization (computer science) ,medicine ,Estrus Detection ,Ovulation ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Dairy cattle ,media_common - Abstract
Estrus synchronization is an important reproductive management tool for dairy cattle artificial insemination by reducing labor costs and errors associated with estrus detection. Estrus synchronization is achieved through manipulation of the length of the luteal phase by either shortening it with prostaglandin or lengthening it with exogenous progestogens. In addition, other hormones may be incorporated to improve estrus response and conception rate. Current trend is toward ovulation synchronization, which allows timed breeding without estrus detection.
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- 2016
21. Experimental studies on an air-cooled two-stage NH 3 -H 2 O solar absorption air-conditioning prototype
- Author
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Ruzhu Wang, S.C. Xu, S. Du, Z.Z. Xu, Q.W. Pan, and P. Lin
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Engineering ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nuclear engineering ,Building and Construction ,Cooling capacity ,Pollution ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention ,General Energy ,Solar air conditioning ,law ,Air conditioning ,Thermal ,Absorption refrigerator ,Water cooling ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,business ,Simulation ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
An air-cooled two-stage NH 3 -H 2 O absorption refrigeration system is proposed for potential application of residential small scale cooling system driven by solar heated hot water. It can reduce the initial fabrication and maintenance costs of both the solar collection system and the absorption chiller. An experimental prototype for 2 kW cooling capacity has been built to investigate the feasibility and performance of the proposed system. The experimental results indicate that the prototype operates smoothly and steadily. When the prototype is driven by 85 °C hot water with an evaporating temperature of 8 °C and ambient air temperature of 29 °C, its thermal COP and electric efficacy ( e ) reach 0.21 and 5.1, respectively. COP stabilizes within the range of 0.18–0.25, and e varies between 3.6 and 5.1 under air-conditioning conditions in summer, which are the right applications of air-cooled two-stage absorption systems. The study reveals the technical feasibility of the air-cooled two-stage NH 3 -H 2 O absorption system. It provides a way to develop low-cost small bulk solar absorption air-conditioning systems for residential applications.
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- 2012
22. Characterizing the polarity of a few-cycle infrared laser pulse
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G. Y. Hu, Rongjie Xu, Yu Bai, Haihe Lu, Yuxin Leng, Z. N. Zeng, Peiliang Liu, A. L. Lei, Z.Z. Xu, Cuncheng Li, Hongxin Yang, and R.X. Li
- Subjects
Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,Terahertz radiation ,Infrared ,Carrier-envelope phase ,Far-infrared laser ,General Engineering ,Phase (waves) ,Physics::Optics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Polarizer ,Laser ,law.invention ,Terahertz spectroscopy and technology ,Optics ,law ,Optoelectronics ,business - Abstract
We demonstrate the characterization of polarity and carrier-envelope (CE) phase of a linearly polarized few-cycle infrared (IR) laser pulse (12 fs, 1.8 µm) using Terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy. Crossed polarizers electro-optic sampling geometry is applied to record temporal waveforms of far field THz emission from air filament driven by the few-cycle IR pulse. The THz waveforms are dependent on the carrier-envelope (CE) phase periodically. We confirm that the THz waveform and the intensity can be used jointly to determine the phase of a few-cycle laser field in laboratory frame.
- Published
- 2011
23. Few-cycle pulse compression through cascade of bulk media and hollow-core fiber
- Author
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Duoming Wang, Z.Z. Xu, Yongbin Leng, Dongzhen Li, and Xucheng Chen
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Pulse (physics) ,law.invention ,Optics ,Cascade ,Pulse compression ,law ,Picosecond ,High harmonic generation ,Photonics ,business ,Instrumentation ,Pulse-width modulation - Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated a new few-cycle pulse compression technique through the cascade of bulk media and hollow-core fiber (HCF) and this compression system has been intensively studied. The pulses with the duration of ∼5 fs and the energy of 0.33 mJ near 800 nm have been generated by compressing the ∼40 fs input pulse from a commercial laser system. In principle, this technique allows compression of pulses with duration of picoseconds to a few cycles (sub-7 fs) and the output can be above 1 mJ.
- Published
- 2010
24. Design and construction of the BESIII detector
- Author
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M. Ablikim, Z.H. An, J.Z. Bai, Niklaus Berger, J.M. Bian, X. Cai, G.F. Cao, X.X. Cao, J.F. Chang, C. Chen, G. Chen, H.C. Chen, H.X. Chen, J. Chen, J.C. Chen, L.P. Chen, P. Chen, X.H. Chen, Y.B. Chen, M.L. Chen, Y.P. Chu, X.Z. Cui, H.L. Dai, Z.Y. Deng, M.Y. Dong, S.X. Du, Z.Z. Du, J. Fang, C.D. Fu, C.S. Gao, M.Y. Gong, W.X. Gong, S.D. Gu, B.J. Guan, J. Guan, Y.N. Guo, J.F. Han, K.L. He, M. He, X. He, Y.K. Heng, Z.L. Hou, H.M. Hu, T. Hu, B. Huang, J. Huang, S.K. Huang, Y.P. Huang, Q. Ji, X.B. Ji, X.L. Ji, L.K. Jia, L.L. Jiang, X.S. Jiang, D.P. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, Y.F. Lai, G.K. Lei, F. Li, G. Li, H.B. Li, H.S. Li, J. Li, J.C. Li, Q.J. Li, L. Li, R.B. Li, R.Y. Li, W.D. Li, W.G. Li, X.N. Li, X.P. Li, X.R. Li, Y.R. Li, W. Li, D.X. Lin, B.J. Liu, C.X. Liu, F. Liu, G.M. Liu, H. Liu, H.M. Liu, H.W. Liu, J.B. Liu, L.F. Liu, Q. Liu, Q.G. Liu, S.D. Liu, W.J. Liu, X. Liu, X.Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.J. Liu, Z.A. Liu, Z.Q. Liu, Z.X. Liu, J.G. Lu, T. Lu, Y.P. Lu, X.L. Luo, H.L. Ma, Q.M. Ma, X. Ma, X.Y. Ma, Z.P. Mao, J. Min, X.H. Mo, J. Nie, Z.D. Nie, R.G. Ping, S. Qian, Q. Qiao, G. Qin, Z.H. Qin, J.F. Qiu, R.G. Liu, Z.Y. Ren, G. Rong, L. Shang, D.L. Shen, X.Y. Shen, H.Y. Sheng, Y.F. Shi, L.W. Song, W.Y. Song, D.H. Sun, G.X. Sun, H.S. Sun, L.J. Sun, S.S. Sun, X.D. Sun, Y.Z. Sun, Z.J. Sun, J.P. Tan, S.Q. Tang, X. Tang, N. Tao, H.L. Tian, Y.R. Tian, X. Wan, D.Y. Wang, J.K. Wang, J.Z. Wang, K. Wang, K.X. Wang, L. Wang, L.J. Wang, L.S. Wang, M. Wang, N. Wang, P. Wang, P.L. Wang, Q. Wang, Y.F. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.G. Wang, Z.Y. Wang, C.L. Wei, S.J. Wei, S.P. Wen, J.J. Wu, L.H. Wu, N. Wu, Y.H. Wu, Y.M. Wu, Z. Wu, M.H. Xu, X.M. Xia, H.S. Xiang, G. Xie, X.X. Xie, Y.G. Xie, G.F. Xu, H. Xu, Q.J. Xu, J.D. Xue, L. Xue, L. Yan, G.A. Yang, H. Yang, H.X. Yang, S.M. Yang, M. Ye, B.X. Yu, C. Yuan, C.Z. Yuan, Y. Yuan, S.L. Zang, B.X. Zhang, B.Y. Zhang, C.C. Zhang, D.H. Zhang, H.Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.W. Zhang, J.Y. Zhang, L.S. Zhang, M. Zhang, Q.X. Zhang, W. Zhang, X.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y.H. Zhang, Y.Y. Zhang, Z.X. Zhang, S.H. Zhang, D.X. Zhao, H.S. Zhao, J.B. Zhao, J.W. Zhao, J.Z. Zhao, L. Zhao, P.P. Zhao, Y.B. Zhao, Y.D. Zhao, B. Zheng, J.P. Zheng, L.S. Zheng, Z.P. Zheng, B.Q. Zhou, G.M. Zhou, J. Zhou, L. Zhou, Z.L. Zhou, H.T. Zhu, K. Zhu, K.J. Zhu, Q.M. Zhu, X.W. Zhu, Y.S. Zhu, Z.A. Zhu, B.A. Zhuang, J.H. Zou, X. Zou, J.X. Zuo, L.L. Wang, M.H. Ye, Y.H. Zheng, C.F. Qiao, X.R. Lu, H.B. Liu, J.F. Hu, Y.T. Gu, X.D. Ruan, G.M. Huang, Y. Zeng, Y.H. Yan, G. Chelkov, I. Boyko, D. Dedovich, I. Denysenko, S. Grishin, A. Zhemchugov, Zhenjun Xiao, Jialun Ping, Libo Guo Chenglin Luo, Shenjian Chen, Ming Qi, Xiaowei Hu, Lei Zhang, Xueqian Li, Chunxu Yu, Yubin Liu, Ye Xu, Minggang Zhao, Aiqiang Guo, Yuping Guo, Zhenya He, Y.J. Mao, Z.Y. You, Y.T. Liang, X.Y. Zhang, X.T. Huang, J.B. Jiao, X.L. Li, M.Y. Duan, F.H. Liu, Q.W. Lu, F.P. Ning, X.D. Wang, Yongfei Liang, Changjian Tang, Yiyun Zhang, Y.N. Gao, H. Gong, B.B. Shao, F.A. Harris, J.W. Kennedy, X. Nguyen, S.L. Olsen, M. Rosen, C.P. Shen, G.S. Varner, X. Yu, Y. Zhou, H. Liang, Y. Chen, J. Xue, B. Liu, Z. Cheng, H.F. Chen, Cheng Li, M. Shao, Y.J. Sun, J. Yan, Z.B. Tang, X. Li, L. Jiang, Z.P. Zhang, J. Wu, Z.Z. Xu, Q. Shan, Z. Xue, X.L. Wang, Q. An, S.B. Liu, J.H. Guo, C.Q. Feng, H. Li, W. Zheng, H. Yan, Z. Cao, X.H. Liu, Sachio Komamiya, Tomoyuki Sanuki, Taiki Yamamura, Tianchi Zhao, and Mingxing Luo
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Luminosity (scattering theory) ,Calorimeter (particle physics) ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Detector ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Cosmic ray ,Solenoid ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Tracking (particle physics) ,Charged particle ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,law.invention ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,law ,Collider ,Instrumentation - Abstract
This paper will discuss the design and construction of BESIII, which is designed to study physics in the tau-charm energy region utilizing the new high luminosity BEPCII double ring e+e- collider. The expected performance will be given based on Monte Carlo simulations and results of cosmic ray and beam tests. In BESIII, tracking and momentum measurements for charged particles are made by a cylindrical multilayer drift chamber in a 1 T superconducting solenoid. Charged particles are identified with a time-of-flight system based on plastic scintillators in conjunction with dE/dx (energy loss per unit pathlength) measurements in the drift chamber. Energies of electromagnetic showers are measured by a CsI(Tl) crystal calorimeter located inside the solenoid magnet. Muons are identified by arrays of resistive plate chambers in the steel magnetic flux return. The level 1 trigger system, Data Acquisition system and the event filter system based on networked computers will also be described., 57 pages, 75 figures
- Published
- 2010
25. The ultrafast excitation processes in femtosecond laser-induced damage in dielectric omnidirectional reflectors
- Author
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T.Q. Jia, S.Z. Xu, R.X. Li, Z.Z. Xu, Kuroda, H., H.Y. Sun, X.X. Li, D.H. Feng, and C.B. Li
- Subjects
Collisional excitation -- Analysis ,Dielectric devices -- Optical properties ,Ablation (Vaporization technology) -- Analysis ,Physics - Abstract
A pump and probe system, where the pump pulse is stretched up and is much longer than the probe pulse duration, is developed and the time-resolved excitation processes in omnidirectional reflectors Si[O.sub.2]/Ti[O.sub.2] and ZnS/Mg[F.sub.2] studied. The results reveal that as the pump pulse energy is higher than the threshold value, the reflectivity of the probe, the reflectivity of the probe pulse decreases rapidly during former half, rather than around the peak of the pump pulse.
- Published
- 2006
26. Generation of sub-5 fs pulses through cascade of filamentation and hollow fiber compression
- Author
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Yongbin Leng, Z.Z. Xu, Xuelong Li, Dawei Wang, Xueyuan Chen, and R.X. Li
- Subjects
High energy ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,business.industry ,Laser ,Compression (physics) ,law.invention ,Pulse (physics) ,Optics ,Filamentation ,law ,Cascade ,Fiber ,business ,Instrumentation ,Ultrashort pulse - Abstract
A pulse-compression scheme based on cascade of filamentation and hollow fiber has been demonstrated, Pulses with duration of sub-5 fs and energy of 0.2 mJ near 800 nm have been generated by compressing the similar to 40 fs pulses from a commercial laser system. This method is promising to generate near monocycle high energy pulses. [GRAPHICS] Measured autocorrelation curve of the final compressed pulses with duration of sub-5 fs (black solid) and the simulated autocorrelation curve of 4.6 fs pulse near 800 rim (red dash) (C) 2008 by Astro Ltd. Published exclusively by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
- Published
- 2008
27. Active phase control and frequency chirp effects on supercontinuum generation in high birefringence photonic crystal fiber
- Author
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Yu-Xia Jiang, Yu-Chen Leng, X. Li, Xurong Chen, and Z.Z. Xu
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Materials science ,Optical fiber ,Birefringence ,business.industry ,Phase distortion ,Physics::Optics ,Nonlinear optics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Supercontinuum ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Chirp ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business ,Photonic crystal ,Photonic-crystal fiber - Abstract
An acoustic-optics programmable dispersive filter (AOPDF) was first employed to actively control the linearly polarized femtosecond pump pulse frequency chirp for supercontinuum (SC) generation in a high birefringence photonic crystal fiber (PCF). By accurately controlling the second order phase distortion and polarization direction of incident pulses, the output SC spectrum can be tuned to various spectral energy distributions and bandwidths. The pump pulse energy and bandwidth are preserved in our experiment. It is found that SC with broader bandwidth can be generated with positive chirped pump pulses except when the chirp value is larger than the optimal value, and the same optimal value exists for the pump pulses polarized along the two principal axes. With optimal positive chirp, more than 78% of the pump energy can be transferred to below 750 nm. Otherwise, negative chirp will weaken the blue-shift broadening and the SC bandwidth.
- Published
- 2008
28. Virtual instrument and neural network in application of grain moisture detection
- Author
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Z.Z. Xu D.H. Sun and J.M. Liu
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Artificial neural network ,Grain moisture ,Computer science ,Real-time computing ,Virtual instrument - Published
- 2015
29. Mechanisms of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown and damage in MgO
- Author
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Xuexin Li, Z.Z. Xu, Chunpu Li, Haiyi Sun, Donghai Feng, Tianqing Jia, Jucheng Qiu, and Shouying Xu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Dielectric strength ,business.industry ,Physics::Optics ,Dielectric ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Avalanche breakdown ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Ionization ,Femtosecond ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,Radiation damage ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,business ,Ultrashort pulse - Abstract
Single-shot laser damage threshold of MgO for 40–986 fs, 800 nm laser pulses is reported. The pump–probe measurements with femtosecond pulses were carried out to investigate the time-resolved electronic excitation processes. A theoretical model including conduction band electrons (CBE) production and laser energy deposition was applied to discuss the roles of multiphoton ionization (MPI) and avalanche ionization in femtosecond laser-induced dielectric breakdown. The results indicate that avalanche ionization plays the dominant role in the femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in MgO near the damage threshold.
- Published
- 2006
30. Hadronization geometry from net-charge angular correlations on momentum subspace (η,ϕ) in Au–Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV
- Author
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J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, S.K. Badyal, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, J. Berger, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bharadwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, V.S. Bhatia, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, A. Billmeier, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, S.-L. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, A. Boucham, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, H.A. Choi, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M. Daugherity, M.M. de Moura, T.G. Dedovich, M. DePhillips, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, A.K. Dubey, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, J. Faivre, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, K.S.F. Fornazier, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, H. Gos, O. Grachov, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, N. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, D. Hardtke, J.W. Harris, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, M. Jedynak, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, J. Klay, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, K.L. Kowalik, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, R.Kh. Kutuev, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, C.-H. Lee, S. Lehocka, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Q.J. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, J.N. Marx, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. McClain, T.S. McShane, F. Meissner, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, S.K. Nayak, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, O. Ravel, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J.G. Reid, J. Reinnarth, G. Renault, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M.J. Russcher, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, I. Savin, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, P. Seyboth, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, W. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, K.E. Shestermanov, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, M. Sumbera, B. Surrow, M. Swanger, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, N. van der Kolk, M. van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.M. Wang, H. Ward, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Z.Z. Xu, E. Yamamoto, P. Yepes, I.-K. Yoo, V.I. Yurevich, I. Zborovsky, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, C. Zhong, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, and J.X. Zuo
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Hadron ,Angular difference ,Geometry ,01 natural sciences ,Hadronization ,Azimuth ,Nuclear physics ,Pseudorapidity ,0103 physical sciences ,Transverse momentum ,Beam direction ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,010306 general physics ,Subspace topology - Abstract
We present the first measurements of charge-dependent correlations on angular difference variables η 1 − η 2 (pseudorapidity) and ϕ 1 − ϕ 2 (azimuth) for primary charged hadrons with transverse momentum 0.15 ⩽ p t ⩽ 2 GeV / c and | η | ⩽ 1.3 from Au–Au collisions at s N N = 130 GeV . We observe correlation structures not predicted by theory but consistent with evolution of hadron emission geometry with increasing centrality from one-dimensional fragmentation of color strings along the beam direction to an at least two-dimensional hadronization geometry along the beam and azimuth directions of a hadron-opaque bulk medium.
- Published
- 2006
31. Theoretical and experimental study on femtosecond laser induced damage in CaF2 crystals
- Author
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R.X. Li, Chuantong Cheng, Z.Z. Xu, T. Q. Jia, Dengguo Feng, Xuelai Li, and Hong Chen
- Subjects
Materials science ,Phonon ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physics::Optics ,General Chemistry ,Ablation ,Laser ,Molecular physics ,Fluence ,law.invention ,Wavelength ,Optics ,law ,Femtosecond ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,Thin film ,Diffusion (business) ,business - Abstract
We report on the damage threshold in CaF2 crystals induced by femtosecond laser at wavelengths of 800 nm and 400 nm, respectively. The dependences of ablation depths and ablation volumes on laser fluences are also presented. We investigate theoretically the coupling constants between phonon and conduction band electrons (CBE), and calculate the rates of CBE absorbing laser energy. A theoretical model including CBE production, laser energy deposition, and CBE diffusion is applied to study the damage mechanisms. Our results indicate that energy diffusion greatly influences damage threshold and ablation depth.
- Published
- 2005
32. Pion, kaon, proton and anti-proton transverse momentum distributions from p+p and d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV
- Author
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J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, S.K. Badyal, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, R. Bellwied, J. Berger, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bharadwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, V.S. Bhatia, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, A. Billmeier, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, A. Boucham, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M.M. de Moura, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, A.K. Dubey, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, J. Faivre, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, K. Fomenko, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, L. Gaudichet, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, O. Grachov, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, D. Hardtke, J.W. Harris, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, M. Janik, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, V.Yu. Khodyrev, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, J. Klay, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, R.Kh. Kutuev, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, S. Lehocka, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, L. Liu, Q.J. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, J.N. Marx, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. McClain, T.S. McShane, F. Meissner, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, S.K. Nayak, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, O. Ravel, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J.G. Reid, G. Renault, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, I. Savin, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, P. Seyboth, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, W. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, K.E. Shestermanov, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, G. Skoro, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, C. Suire, M. Sumbera, B. Surrow, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, P. Szarwas, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, A. Urkinbaev, G. Van Buren, M. van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, M. Vznuzdaev, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.M. Wang, H. Ward, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, R. Wells, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Z.Z. Xu, E. Yamamoto, P. Yepes, V.I. Yurevich, Y.V. Zanevsky, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, and A.N. Zubarev
- Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Proton ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Hadron ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Particle identification ,Baryon ,Nuclear physics ,Pion ,Antiproton ,0103 physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment ,010306 general physics ,Bar (unit) - Abstract
Identified mid-rapidity particle spectra of pi(+/-), K+/-, and p((p) over bar) from 200 GeV p + p and d + Au collisions are reported. A time-of-flight detector based on multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology is used for particle identification. The particle-species dependence of the Cronin effect is observed to be significantly smaller than that at lower energies. The ratio of the nuclear modification factor (R-dAu) between protons (p + (p) over bar) and charged hadrons (h) in the transverse momentum range 1.2 < p(T) < 3.0 GeV/c is measured to be 1.19 +/- 0.05(stat) +/- 0.03(syst) in minimum-bias collisions and shows little centrality dependence. The yield ratio of (p + (p) over bar)/h in minimum-bias d + Au collisions is found to be a factor of 2 lower than that in Au + Au collisions, indicating that the Cronin effect alone is not enough to account for the relative baryon enhancement observed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2005
33. Measurement of exclusive ρ0ρ0 production in mid-virtuality two-photon interactions at LEP
- Author
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P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz, P. Bagnaia, A. Bajo, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, S.V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillère, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B.L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, S.C. Blyth, G.J. Bobbink, A. Böhm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J.G. Branson, F. Brochu, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, Y.H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de la Cruz, S. Cucciarelli, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M.T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, B. Echenard, A. Eline, A. El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F.J. Eppling, P. Extermann, M.A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, F. Filthaut, P.H. Fisher, W. Fisher, I. Fisk, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu. Galaktionov, S.N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z.F. Gong, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, V.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L.J. Gutay, D. Haas, D. Hatzifotiadou, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S.R. Hou, B.N. Jin, P. Jindal, L.W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberría, M. Kaur, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, J.K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A.C. König, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, R.W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J.M. Le Goff, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, S. Likhoded, C.H. Lin, W.T. Lin, F.L. Linde, L. Lista, Z.A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y.S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W.G. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Maña, J. Mans, J.P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R.R. McNeil, S. Mele, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W.J. Metzger, A. Mihul, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, G.S. Muanza, A.J.M. Muijs, B. Musicar, M. Musy, S. Nagy, S. Natale, M. Napolitano, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, H. Newman, A. Nisati, T. Novak, H. Nowak, R. Ofierzynski, G. Organtini, I. Pal, C. Palomares, P. Paolucci, R. Paramatti, G. Passaleva, S. Patricelli, T. Paul, M. Pauluzzi, C. Paus, F. Pauss, M. Pedace, S. Pensotti, D. Perret-Gallix, D. Piccolo, F. Pierella, M. Pioppi, P.A. Piroué, E. Pistolesi, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Pojidaev, J. Pothier, D. Prokofiev, J. Quartieri, G. Rahal-Callot, M.A. Rahaman, P. Raics, N. Raja, R. Ramelli, P.G. Rancoita, R. Ranieri, A. Raspereza, P. Razis, D. Ren, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, S. Riemann, K. Riles, B.P. Roe, L. Romero, A. Rosca, C. Rosemann, C. Rosenbleck, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Roth, J.A. Rubio, G. Ruggiero, H. Rykaczewski, A. Sakharov, S. Saremi, S. Sarkar, J. Salicio, E. Sanchez, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, H. Schopper, D.J. Schotanus, C. Sciacca, L. Servoli, S. Shevchenko, N. Shivarov, V. Shoutko, E. Shumilov, A. Shvorob, D. Son, C. Souga, P. Spillantini, M. Steuer, D.P. Stickland, B. Stoyanov, A. Straessner, K. Sudhakar, G. Sultanov, L.Z. Sun, S. Sushkov, H. Suter, J.D. Swain, Z. Szillasi, X.W. Tang, P. Tarjan, L. Tauscher, L. Taylor, B. Tellili, D. Teyssier, C. Timmermans, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, S.C. Tonwar, J. Tóth, C. Tully, K.L. Tung, J. Ulbricht, E. Valente, R.T. Van de Walle, R. Vasquez, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, I. Vetlitsky, D. Vicinanza, G. Viertel, S. Villa, M. Vivargent, S. Vlachos, I. Vodopianov, H. Vogel, H. Vogt, I. Vorobiev, A.A. Vorobyov, M. Wadhwa, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, Z.M. Wang, M. Weber, S. Wynhoff, L. Xia, Z.Z. Xu, J. Yamamoto, B.Z. Yang, C.G. Yang, H.J. Yang, M. Yang, S.C. Yeh, An. Zalite, Yu. Zalite, Z.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, R.Y. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, and M. Zöller
- Subjects
Nuclear physics ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,High energy ,Particle physics ,Photon ,Luminosity (scattering theory) ,Virtuality (philosophy) - Abstract
Exclusive ρ0ρ0 production in two-photon collisions between a quasi-real and a mid-virtuality photon is studied with data collected at LEP at centre-of-mass energies 183
- Published
- 2004
34. Measurement of exclusive ρ+ρ− production in high-Q2 two-photon collisions at LEP
- Author
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P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz, P. Bagnaia, A. Bajo, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, S.V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillère, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B.L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, S.C. Blyth, G.J. Bobbink, A. Böhm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J.G. Branson, F. Brochu, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, Y.H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de la Cruz, S. Cucciarelli, J.A. van Dalen, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M.T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, B. Echenard, A. Eline, A. El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F.J. Eppling, P. Extermann, M.A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, F. Filthaut, P.H. Fisher, W. Fisher, I. Fisk, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu. Galaktionov, S.N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z.F. Gong, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, V.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L.J. Gutay, D. Haas, D. Hatzifotiadou, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S.R. Hou, Y. Hu, B.N. Jin, L.W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberría, M. Kaur, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, J.K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A.C. König, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, R.W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J.M. Le Goff, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, S. Likhoded, C.H. Lin, W.T. Lin, F.L. Linde, L. Lista, Z.A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y.S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W.G. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Maña, J. Mans, J.P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R.R. McNeil, S. Mele, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W.J. Metzger, A. Mihul, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, G.S. Muanza, A.J.M. Muijs, B. Musicar, M. Musy, S. Nagy, S. Natale, M. Napolitano, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, H. Newman, A. Nisati, T. Novak, H. Nowak, R. Ofierzynski, G. Organtini, I. Pal, C. Palomares, P. Paolucci, R. Paramatti, G. Passaleva, S. Patricelli, T. Paul, M. Pauluzzi, C. Paus, F. Pauss, M. Pedace, S. Pensotti, D. Perret-Gallix, B. Petersen, D. Piccolo, F. Pierella, M. Pioppi, P.A. Piroué, E. Pistolesi, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Pojidaev, J. Pothier, D. Prokofiev, J. Quartieri, G. Rahal-Callot, M.A. Rahaman, P. Raics, N. Raja, R. Ramelli, P.G. Rancoita, R. Ranieri, A. Raspereza, P. Razis, D. Ren, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, S. Riemann, K. Riles, B.P. Roe, L. Romero, A. Rosca, C. Rosemann, C. Rosenbleck, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Roth, J.A. Rubio, G. Ruggiero, H. Rykaczewski, A. Sakharov, S. Saremi, S. Sarkar, J. Salicio, E. Sanchez, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, H. Schopper, D.J. Schotanus, C. Sciacca, L. Servoli, S. Shevchenko, N. Shivarov, V. Shoutko, E. Shumilov, A. Shvorob, D. Son, C. Souga, P. Spillantini, M. Steuer, D.P. Stickland, B. Stoyanov, A. Straessner, K. Sudhakar, G. Sultanov, L.Z. Sun, S. Sushkov, H. Suter, J.D. Swain, Z. Szillasi, X.W. Tang, P. Tarjan, L. Tauscher, L. Taylor, B. Tellili, D. Teyssier, C. Timmermans, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, S.C. Tonwar, J. Tóth, C. Tully, K.L. Tung, J. Ulbricht, E. Valente, R.T. Van de Walle, R. Vasquez, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, I. Vetlitsky, D. Vicinanza, G. Viertel, S. Villa, M. Vivargent, S. Vlachos, I. Vodopianov, H. Vogel, H. Vogt, I. Vorobiev, A.A. Vorobyov, M. Wadhwa, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, Z.M. Wang, M. Weber, H. Wilkens, S. Wynhoff, L. Xia, Z.Z. Xu, J. Yamamoto, B.Z. Yang, C.G. Yang, H.J. Yang, M. Yang, S.C. Yeh, An. Zalite, Yu. Zalite, Z.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, R.Y. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, and M. Zöller
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Luminosity (scattering theory) ,Photon ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear physics ,Cross section (geometry) ,Near threshold ,0103 physical sciences ,Production (computer science) ,010306 general physics - Abstract
Exclusive ρ+ρ- production in two-photon collisions involving a single highly-virtual photon is studied for the first time with data collected by the L3 experiment at LEP at centre-of-mass energies 89
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- 2004
35. X-ray image holography with 60 nm resolution
- Author
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J. C. Chen, P. Zhu, Gao Hongyi, Z.Z. Xu, Hongqiang Xie, Shukang Jiang, and P. Lu
- Subjects
Physics ,Ccd camera ,business.industry ,Resolution (electron density) ,Holography ,General Physics and Astronomy ,X-ray optics ,Synchrotron radiation ,law.invention ,Interferometry ,Optics ,law ,X ray image ,Astronomical interferometer ,business - Abstract
A new method of taking X-ray imaging holograms is proposed in this paper. X-ray image holograms with 60nm resolution can be recorded by a CCD camera with synchrotron radiation. It is rely on the resolution of the zone-plate. In addition, the device of taking X-ray image hologram can be also used as an X-ray interferometer which named double-zone-plate X-ray interferometer.
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- 2003
36. Soft X-ray holographic microscopy with 300 nm resolution
- Author
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Gao Hongyi, Z.Z. Xu, Shukang Jiang, Hongqiang Xie, and J. C. Chen
- Subjects
Soft x ray ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Atomic force microscopy ,Resolution (electron density) ,Holography ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Synchrotron radiation ,Photoresist ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Microscopy ,business ,Image resolution - Abstract
x--ray in-line holograms are recorded in photoresist at Hefei National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. An Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) is used to read the X-ray holograms recorded on photoresist PMMA. Digitized hologram is reconstructed by numerical method. The granules with a size less than 300 nm can be resolved in the reconstructed image. So,the estimated resolution reaches the level of 300 nm.
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- 2003
37. Observation ofE. collicells by soft X-ray microscopy
- Author
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Hongqiang Xie, Z.Z. Xu, Liwei Chen, Shukang Jiang, Gao Hongyi, Weiqi Zhang, and J. C. Chen
- Subjects
Soft x ray ,Crystallography ,Mesosome ,Chemistry ,Microscopy ,Biophysics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Soft x-ray microscopy ,Synchrotron radiation ,Imaging technique ,Absorption (chemistry) ,Bacterial cell structure - Abstract
Employing X-rays from the synchrotron radiation facility of NSRL and contact imaging technique, hydrated, intact bacterial cells in their states, named by XL 1-blue MRF', are studied. Some new information about the cells is acquired from their micrographs. The nucleiod containing DNA and proteins, and the mesosome has lower absorption to the X-ray with the wavelength 2.4nm. And the ends of the bacterial cell are great different from each other in structure. The causes resulted in these interesting phenomena and its importance biologically need to be further studied.
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- 2003
38. The scanning transmission X-ray microscope at NSRL
- Author
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Liwei Chen, Sheng Jiang, Z.Z. Xu, Jiquan Chen, Chong-Yu Xu, and S.J. Fu
- Subjects
Physics ,Microscope ,Photon ,business.industry ,Detector ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Proportional counter ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Pinhole (optics) ,Monochromatic color ,business ,X-ray microscope ,Monochromator - Abstract
A scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM) is under construction at NSRL in china-. According to schedule, the STXM project will be completed in 2003 The monochromatic X-rays for the STXM are from the monochromator which is a combination of condense zone plates and a pinhole. The flux at the sample is the order of 10 5 ∼10 6 photons/s at 100mA. But the monochromatic X-rays aren't appropriate for spectromicroscopy because of their poor monoebroniaticity. The STXM is placed in the chamber full of Helium gas. All parts of the STXM are controlled by a computer. The finest zone width of the MZP is 45nm, the outer diameter is 90 μm, and the central stop diameter is 40 μm. The detector is a proportional counter made in NSRL. The software Kontron for image is purchased from Germany.
- Published
- 2003
39. Two new ideas of X-ray holographic tomography with micro-zone plates
- Author
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Z.Z. Xu, Shukang Jiang, Gao Hongyi, Hongqiang Xie, and J. C. Chen
- Subjects
Physics ,business.industry ,X-ray ,Holography ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Zone plate ,law.invention ,Biological specimen ,Optics ,Interference (communication) ,law ,Object wave ,Microscopic imaging ,Tomography ,business - Abstract
Two new ideas about X-ray holographic tomography to develop X-ray three-dimensional microscopic imaging techniques are proposed in this paper. One is called X-ray in-line holographic tomography using one micro-zone plate and the other is X-ray image holographic tomography using two micro-zone plates. For the former, a micro zone plate is used to amplify spacing of interference fringes on in-line holograms. For the latter, a micro. zone plate amplifies the image of a test sample and forms object wave, the other one produces reference wave. The two methods can realize real-time X-ray three-dimensional microscopic imaging for biological specimens with high resolution.
- Published
- 2003
40. Proton anti-proton pair production in two photon collisions at LEP
- Author
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P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz, P. Bagnaia, A. Bajo, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, S.V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillère, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B.L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, S.C. Blyth, G.J. Bobbink, A. Böhm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J.G. Branson, F. Brochu, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, Y.H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de la Cruz, S. Cucciarelli, J.A. van Dalen, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M.T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, B. Echenard, A. Eline, A. El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F.J. Eppling, P. Extermann, M.A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, F. Filthaut, P.H. Fisher, W. Fisher, I. Fisk, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu. Galaktionov, S.N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z.F. Gong, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, R. van Gulik, V.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L.J. Gutay, D. Haas, R.Sh. Hakobyan, D. Hatzifotiadou, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S.R. Hou, Y. Hu, B.N. Jin, L.W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberrı́a, D. Käfer, M. Kaur, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, J.K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A.C. König, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, R.W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J.M. Le Goff, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, S. Likhoded, C.H. Lin, W.T. Lin, F.L. Linde, L. Lista, Z.A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y.S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W.G. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Maña, J. Mans, J.P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R.R. McNeil, S. Mele, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W.J. Metzger, A. Mihul, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, G.S. Muanza, A.J.M. Muijs, B. Musicar, M. Musy, S. Nagy, S. Natale, M. Napolitano, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, H. Newman, A. Nisati, H. Nowak, R. Ofierzynski, G. Organtini, I. Pal, C. Palomares, P. Paolucci, R. Paramatti, G. Passaleva, S. Patricelli, T. Paul, M. Pauluzzi, C. Paus, F. Pauss, M. Pedace, S. Pensotti, D. Perret-Gallix, B. Petersen, D. Piccolo, F. Pierella, M. Pioppi, P.A. Piroué, E. Pistolesi, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Pojidaev, J. Pothier, D. Prokofiev, J. Quartieri, G. Rahal-Callot, M.A. Rahaman, P. Raics, N. Raja, R. Ramelli, P.G. Rancoita, R. Ranieri, A. Raspereza, P. Razis, D. Ren, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, S. Riemann, K. Riles, B.P. Roe, L. Romero, A. Rosca, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Roth, C. Rosenbleck, J.A. Rubio, G. Ruggiero, H. Rykaczewski, A. Sakharov, S. Saremi, S. Sarkar, J. Salicio, E. Sanchez, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, H. Schopper, D.J. Schotanus, C. Sciacca, L. Servoli, S. Shevchenko, N. Shivarov, V. Shoutko, E. Shumilov, A. Shvorob, D. Son, C. Souga, P. Spillantini, M. Steuer, D.P. Stickland, B. Stoyanov, A. Straessner, K. Sudhakar, G. Sultanov, L.Z. Sun, S. Sushkov, H. Suter, J.D. Swain, Z. Szillasi, X.W. Tang, P. Tarjan, L. Tauscher, L. Taylor, B. Tellili, D. Teyssier, C. Timmermans, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, S.C. Tonwar, J. Tóth, C. Tully, K.L. Tung, J. Ulbricht, E. Valente, R.T. Van de Walle, R. Vasquez, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, I. Vetlitsky, D. Vicinanza, G. Viertel, S. Villa, M. Vivargent, S. Vlachos, I. Vodopianov, H. Vogel, H. Vogt, I. Vorobiev, A.A. Vorobyov, M. Wadhwa, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, Z.M. Wang, M. Weber, P. Wienemann, H. Wilkens, S. Wynhoff, L. Xia, Z.Z. Xu, J. Yamamoto, B.Z. Yang, C.G. Yang, H.J. Yang, M. Yang, S.C. Yeh, An. Zalite, Yu. Zalite, Z.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, R.Y. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, M. Zöller, L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), Achard, P., Adriani, O., Aguilar Benitez, M., Alcaraz, J., Alemanni, G., Allaby, J., Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Anderhub, H., Andreev, V. P., Anselmo, F., Arefiev, A., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Bagnaia, P., Bajo, A., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Baldew, S. V., Banerjee, S., Barczyk, A., Barillere, R., Bartalini, P., Basile, M., Batalova, N., Battiston, R., Bay, A., Becattini, F., Becker, U., Behner, F., Bellucci, L., Berbeco, R., Berdugo, J., Berges, P., Bertucci, B., Betev, B. L., Biasini, M., Biglietti, M., Biland, A., Blaising, J. J., Blyth, S. C., Bobbink, G. J., Bohm, A., Boldizsar, L., Borgia, B., Bottai, S., Bourilkov, D., Bourquin, M., Braccini, S., Branson, J. G., Brochu, F., Burger, J. D., Burger, W. J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Romeo, G. C., Carlino, G., Cartacci, A., Casaus, J., Cavallari, F., Cavallo, N., Cecchi, C., Cerrada, M., Chamizo, M., Chang, Y. H., Chemarin, M., Chen, A., Chen, G., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. F., Chen, H. S., Chiefari, Giovanni, Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., C. I., Clare, R., Coignet, G., Colino, N., Costantini, S., B. d., La, Cucciarelli, S., Van, J. A., Asmundis, R. d., Deglon, P., Debreczeni, J., Degre, A., Dehmelt, K., Deiters, K., DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Delmeire, E., Denes, P., Denotaristefani, F., Salvo, A. D., Diemoz, M., Dierckxsens, M., Dionisi, C., Dittmar, M., Doria, A., Dova, M. T., Duchesneau, D., Duda, M., Echenard, B., Eline, A., Hage, A. E., Mamouni, H. E., Engler, A., Eppling, F. J., Extermann, P., Falagan, M. A., Falciano, S., Favara, A., Fay, J., Fedin, O., Felcini, M., Ferguson, T., Fesefeldt, H., Fiandrini, E., Field, J. H., Filthaut, F., Fisher, P. H., Fisher, W., F. I., Forconi, G., Freudenreich, K., Furetta, C., Galaktionov, Y., Ganguli, S. N., Garcia Abia, P., Gataullin, M., Gentile, S., Giagu, S., Gong, Z. F., Grenier, G., Grimm, O., Gruenewald, M. W., Guida, M., Gulik, R. v., Gupta, V. K., Gurtu, A., Gutay, L. J., Hass, D., Hakobyan, R. S., Hatzifotiadou, D., Hebbeker, T., Herve, A., Hirschfelder, J., Hofer, H., Hohlmann, M., Holzer, G., Sr, H., Hu, Y., Jin, B. N., Jones, L. W., Jong, P. d., J. I., Kafer, D., Kaur, M., Kienzle Focacci, M. N., Kim, J. K., Kirkby, J., Kittel, W., Klimentov, A., Konig, A. C., Kopal, M., K. V., Kraber, M., Kraemer, R. W., Kruger, A., Kunin, A., P. L., De, L. I, L. I, Lebeau, M., Lebedev, A., Lebrun, P., Lecomte, P., Lecoq, P., Coultre, P. L., J. M., Le, Leiste, R., Levtchenko, M., Levtchenko, P., Li, C., Likhoded, S., Lin, C. H., Lin, W. T., Linde, F. L., Lista, L., Liu, Z. A., Lohmann, W., Longo, E., Y. S., Lu, Luci, C., Luminari, L., Lustermann, W., W. G., Ma, Malgeri, L., Malinin, A., Mana, C., Mans, J., Martin, J. P., Marzano, F., Mazumdar, K., Mcneil, R. R., Mele, S., Merola, Leonardo, Meschini, M., Metzger, W. J., Mihul, A., Milcent, H., Mirabelli, G., Mnich, J., Mohanty, G. B., Muanza, G. S., A. J. M., Musicar, B., Musy, M., Nagy, S., Natale, S., Napolitano, Marco, Nessi Tedaldi, F., Newman, H., Nisati, A., Nowak, H., Ofierzynski, R., Organtini, G., P. I., Palomares, C., Paolucci, P., Paramatti, R., Passaleva, G., Patricelli, Sergio, Paul, T., Pauluzzi, M., Paus, C., Pauss, F., Pedace, M., Pensotti, S., Perret Gallix, D., Petersen, B., Piccolo, D., Pierella, F., Pioppi, M., Piroue, P. A., Pistolesi, E., P. V., Pohl, M., Pothier, J., Prokofiev, D., Quartieri, J., Rahal Callot, G., Rahaman, M. A., Raics, P., Raja, N., Ramelli, R., Rancoita, P. G., Ranieri, R., Raspereza, A., Razis, P., Ren, D., Rescigno, M., Reucroft, S., Riemann, S., Riles, K., Roe, B. P., Romero, L., Rosca, A., Rosier Lees, S., Roth, S., Rosenbleck, C., Rubio, J. A., Ruggiero, G., Rykaczewski, H., Sakharov, A., Saremi, S., Sarkar, S., Salicio, J., Sanchez, E., Schafer, C., S. V., Schopper, H., Schotanus, D. J., Sciacca, Crisostomo, Servoli, L., Shevchenko, S., Shivarov, N., Shumilov, E., Shvorob, A., Son, D., Souga, C., Spillantini, P., Steuer, M., Stickland, D. P., Stoyanov, B., Straessner, A., Sudhakar, K., Sultanov, G., Sun, L. Z., Sushkov, S., Suter, H., Swain, J. D., Szillasi, Z., Tang, X. W., Tarjan, P., Tauscher, L., Taylor, L., Tellili, B., Teyssier, D., Timmermans, C., S. C. C., Ting, S. M., Tonwar, S. C., Toth, J., Tully, C., Tung, K. L., Ulbricht, J., Valente, E., Van, R. T., Vasquez, R., V. V., Vesztergombi, G., V. I., Vicinanza, D., Viertel, G., Villa, S., Vivargent, M., Vlachos, S., Vogel, H., Vogt, H., Vorobyov, A. A., Wadhwa, M., Wang, Q., Wang, X. L., Wang, Z. M., Weber, M., Wienemann, P., Wilkens, H., Wynhoff, S., Xia, L., Z. Z., Xu, Yamamoto, J., Yang, B. Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, H. J., Yang, M., Yeh, S. C., Zalite, A., Zalite, Y., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, J., Zhu, G. Y., Zhu, R. Y., Zhuang, H. L., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, B., Zoller, M., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, Achard, Pablo, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Delmeire, Evelyne, Echenard, Bertrand, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Malgeri, Luca, Natale, Sonia, Pohl, Martin, and Straessner, Arno
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Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Proton ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Theory ,FOS: Physical sciences ,ddc:500.2 ,01 natural sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,Nuclear physics ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Two-photon excitation microscopy ,0103 physical sciences ,l3 experiment ,final-states ,detector ,annihilation ,trigger ,qcd ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,ANNIHILATION ,DETECTOR ,L3 EXPERIMENT ,TRIGGER ,Quantum chromodynamics ,Physics ,Range (particle radiation) ,Luminosity (scattering theory) ,Annihilation ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FINAL-STATES ,QCD ,Pair production ,Antiproton ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Particle Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The reaction e+e- -> e+e- proton antiproton is studied with the L3 detector at LEP. The analysis is based on data collected at e+e- center-of-mass energies from 183 GeV to 209 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 667 pb-1. The gamma gamma -> proton antiproton differential cross section is measured in the range of the two-photon center-of-mass energy from 2.1 GeV to 4.5 GeV. The results are compared to the predictions of the three-quark and quark-diquark models. The reaction e^+e^- -> e^+e^- proton antiproton is studied with the L3 detector at LEP. The analysis is based on data collected at e^+e^- center-of-mass energies from 183 GeV to 209 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 667 pb^-1. The gamma gamma -> proton antiproton differential cross section is measured in the range of the two-photon center-of-mass energy from 2.1 GeV to 4.5 GeV. The results are compared to the predictions of the three-quark and quark-diquark models. The reaction e + e − → e + e − p p ̄ is studied with the L3 detector at LEP. The analysis is based on data collected at e + e − center-of-mass energies from 183 GeV to 209 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 667 pb −1 . The γγ→ p p ̄ differential cross section is measured in the range of the two-photon center-of-mass energy from 2.1 to 4.5 GeV. The results are compared to the predictions of the three-quark and quark–diquark models.
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- 2003
41. Factors affecting commercial application of embryo technologies in New Zealand: a modelling approach
- Author
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Z.Z Xu, W.H Vivanco, B.L Harris, and D.C Smeaton
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Male ,Ovulation ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Sex Determination Analysis ,Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Fertilization in Vitro ,Reproductive technology ,Breeding ,Food Animals ,medicine ,Animals ,Production (economics) ,Mating ,Small Animals ,Industrial organization ,Dairy cattle ,Models, Genetic ,Equine ,business.industry ,End user ,Artificial insemination ,Embryo Transfer ,Spermatozoa ,Biotechnology ,Dairying ,Niche market ,Cattle ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Profitability index ,Business ,New Zealand - Abstract
New reproductive technologies include sexed sperm and embryo-based technologies. The technology of sperm sexing, for various reasons, is not available in New Zealand and its use has not been modelled. Embryo technologies are however already in use on a limited scale and various scenarios for their use in both the dairy and beef industries in New Zealand have been modelled. This review briefly discusses the various technologies available and some of their potential strengths and weaknesses. In the dairy industry, modelling has been used to simulate the production of breeding bulls for large breeding companies and the production of replacement heifers in dairy herds. For the beef industry, similar modelling has been carried out to determine the opportunities for more efficient beef production. All the models confirmed that at current levels of performance, embryo-based reproductive technologies are usually not profitable in New Zealand except in niche market situations where the returns from the resulting offspring are significantly greater than can be obtained from natural mating or artificial insemination (AI) reproduction systems. This is confirmed by the low uptake of these technologies in this country to date. Even if performance lifts to levels similar to AI, profitability is likely to occur only if the costs of pregnancies to embryo-based reproductive technologies can occur at prices less than two to four times greater than AI or natural mating. This break-even requirement depends on the returns that can be achieved and the advantages that can be captured by the technology over and above those available from AI or natural mating. Two new uses for reproductive technologies in dairy cattle could be the proliferation of novel or rare genotypes from gene discovery programs and improving the female reproductive rate for optimal marker assisted selection. In both these uses the technology is not at present competing with AI or natural mating. The challenge exists therefore for the biological scientists to satisfy these requirements, coupled with the ethical and human factors involved in the introduction of any new technology. Potential end users of the technologies have been surveyed. They are quite positive about the technologies provided they can use them profitably and are keen to obtain more information about them.
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- 2003
42. Threshold of ultra-short pulse laser-induced damage in dielectric materials
- Author
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Hong Chen, Z.Z. Xu, Z. S. Liu, T.Q. Jia, and R.X. Li
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Chemistry ,Phonon ,Physics::Optics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Dielectric ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Laser ,Two-photon absorption ,Avalanche breakdown ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Pulsed laser deposition ,law.invention ,law ,Atomic physics ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Ultrashort pulse - Abstract
The one- and the two-photon absorption rates of conduction-band electrons (CBEs) in dielectric materials are calculated by second- and third-order perturbation theory, respectively. Here fused silica irradiated under 526 nm ultra-short pulse laser is used as an example. Compared with the case that only the one-photon absorption of CBE assisted by a phonon is considered, the rate of total energy gain of CBE from laser field will be enhanced by a factor of 3 when both of the one- and the two-photon absorption are included. The avalanche rate includes not only the term proportional to laser intensity, but also the terms proportional to the square of laser intensity and to the product of laser intensity and hole density. The damage threshold is calculated on the basis of the avalanche model, and find it is lowered by about 15% compared with the case for only the one-photon absorption of CBE assisted by a phonon is considered. The theoretical value agrees well with experimental results.
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- 2002
43. Threshold of femtosecond laser-induced damage in transparent materials
- Author
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Z. S. Liu, Z.Z. Xu, R.X. Li, and T.Q. Jia
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Differential equation ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Electron ,Laser ,Molecular physics ,Avalanche breakdown ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Femtosecond ,General Materials Science ,Irradiation ,Diffusion (business) ,business ,Quantum - Abstract
The rate at which conduction-band electrons (CBE) absorb laser energy is calculated by both the quantum mechanical and the classical methods. Here fused silica irradiated with a 780-nm femtosecond-pulse laser is used as an example. It is found that the rate obtained by the quantum mechanical method is about one-third of that by the classical method, and it is much less than the direct-current limit. In the flux-doubling model, the avalanche rate in fused silica is 4 I ps-1 obtained by the quantum mechanical method, while it is about 13.7 I ps-1 by the classical method, where the laser intensity I is in units of TW cm-2. The differential equation of the evolution of CBE density is solved numerically, and it is found that the combination of CBE–hole recombination, CBE diffusion and initial CBE density (
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- 2002
44. The Belle detector
- Author
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A. Abashian, K. Gotow, N. Morgan, L. Piilonen, S. Schrenk, K. Abe, I. Adachi, J.P. Alexander, K. Aoki, S. Behari, Y. Doi, R. Enomoto, H. Fujii, Y. Fujita, Y. Funahashi, J. Haba, H. Hamasaki, T. Haruyama, K. Hayashi, Y. Higashi, N. Hitomi, S. Igarashi, Y. Igarashi, T. Iijima, Hirokazu Ikeda, Hitomi Ikeda, R. Itoh, M. Iwai, H. Iwasaki, Y. Iwasaki, K.K. Joo, K. Kasami, N. Katayama, M. Kawai, H. Kichimi, T. Kobayashi, S. Koike, Y. Kondo, M.H. Lee, Y. Makida, A. Manabe, T. Matsuda, T. Murakami, S. Nagayama, M. Nakao, T. Nozaki, K. Ogawa, R. Ohkubo, Y. Ohnishi, H. Ozaki, H. Sagawa, M. Saito, Y. Sakai, T. Sasaki, N. Sato, T. Sumiyoshi, J. Suzuki, J.I. Suzuki, S. Suzuki, F. Takasaki, K. Tamai, M. Tanaka, T. Tatomi, T. Tsuboyama, K. Tsukada, T. Tsukamoto, S. Uehara, N. Ujiie, S. Uno, B. Yabsley, Y. Yamada, H. Yamaguchi, H. Yamaoka, Y. Yamaoka, M. Yamauchi, Y. Yoshimura, H. Zhao, R. Abe, G. Iwai, T. Kawasaki, H. Miyata, K. Shimada, S. Takahashi, N. Tamura, H. Hanada, T. Nagamine, M. Nakajima, T. Nakajima, S. Narita, M. Sanpei, T. Takayama, M. Ueki, M. Yamaga, A. Yamaguchi, B.S. Ahn, J.S. Kang, Hyunwoo Kim, C.W. Park, H. Park, H.S. Ahn, H.K. Jang, C.H. Kim, S.K. Kim, S.H. Lee, C.S. Park, E. Won, H. Aihara, T. Higuchi, H. Kawai, T. Matsubara, T. Nakadaira, H. Tajima, J. Tanaka, T. Tomura, M. Yokoyama, M. Akatsu, K. Fujimoto, M. Hirose, K. Inami, A. Ishikawa, S. Itami, T. Kani, T. Matsumoto, I. Nagai, T. Okabe, T. Oshima, K. Senyo, A. Sugi, A. Sugiyama, S. Suitoh, M. Tomoto, K. Yoshida, R. Akhmetshin, P. Chang, Y. Chao, Y.Q. Chen, W.S. Hou, S.C. Hsu, H.C. Huang, T.J. Huang, M.C. Lee, R.S. Lu, J.C. Peng, K.C. Peng, S. Sahu, H.F. Sung, K.L. Tsai, K. Ueno, C.C. Wang, M.Z. Wang, G. Alimonti, T.E. Browder, B.C.K. Casey, F. Fang, H. Guler, M. Jones, Y. Li, S.L. Olsen, M. Peters, J.L. Rodriguez, M. Rosen, S. Swain, K. Trabelsi, G. Varner, H. Yamamoto, Y.H. Zheng, Q. An, H.F. Chen, Y.F. Wang, Z.Z. Xu, S.W. Ye, Z.P. Zhang, M. Asai, Y. Asano, S. Mori, S. Stanič, Y. Tsujita, J. Zhang, D. Žontar, T. Aso, V. Aulchenko, D. Beiline, A. Bondar, L. Dneprovsky, S. Eidelman, A. Garmash, A. Kuzmin, L. Romanov, N. Root, B. Shwartz, A. Sidorov, V. Sidorov, Y. Usov, V. Zhilich, A.M. Bakich, L.S. Peak, K.E. Varvell, E. Banas, A. Bozek, P. Jalocha, P. Kapusta, Z. Natkaniec, W. Ostrowicz, H. Palka, M. Rozanka, K. Rybicki, P.K. Behera, A. Mohapatra, M. Satapathy, Y.H. Chang, H.S. Chen, L.Y. Dong, J. Li, H.M. Liu, Z.P. Mao, C.X. Yu, C.C. Zhang, S.Q. Zhang, Z.G. Zhao, Z.P. Zheng, B.G. Cheon, Y. Choi, D.W. Kim, J.W. Nam, S. Chidzik, K. Korotuschenko, C. Leonidopoulos, T. Liu, D. Marlow, C. Mindas, E. Prebys, R. Rabberman, W. Sands, R. Wixted, S. Choi, J. Dragic, C.W. Everton, A. Gordon, N.C. Hastings, E.M. Heenan, L.C. Moffitt, G.R. Moloney, G.F. Moorhead, M.E. Sevior, G.N. Taylor, S.N. Tovey, A. Drutskoy, R. Kagan, P. Pakhlov, S. Semenov, C. Fukunaga, R. Suda, M. Fukushima, V.I. Goriletsky, B.V. Grinyov, V.R. Lyubinsky, A.I. Panova, K.V. Shakhova, L.I. Shpilinskaya, E.L. Vinograd, B.G. Zaslavsky, R.S. Guo, F. Haitani, Y. Hoshi, K. Neichi, K. Hara, T. Hara, M. Hazumi, T. Hojo, D. Jackson, H. Miyake, Y. Nagashima, J. Ryuko, K. Sumisawa, M. Takita, T. Yamanaka, H. Hayashii, K. Miyabayashi, S. Noguchi, S. Hikita, H. Hirano, K. Hoshina, H. Mamada, O. Nitoh, N. Okazaki, T. Yokoyama, H. Ishino, S. Ichizawa, T. Hirai, H. Kakuno, J. Kaneko, T. Nakamura, Y. Ohshima, Y. Watanabe, S. Yanaka, Y. Inoue, E. Nakano, T. Takahashi, Y. Teramoto, J.H. Kang, H.J. Kim, Heejong Kim, Y.-J. Kwon, E. Kurihara, T. Ooba, K. Suzuki, Y. Unno, N. Kawamura, H. Yuta, K. Kinoshita, A. Satpathy, S. Kobayashi, T. Kuniya, A. Murakami, S. Kumar, J. Singh, J. Lange, R. Stock, S. Matsumoto, M. Watanabe, H. Matsuo, S. Nishida, T. Nomura, H. Sakamoto, N. Sasao, Y. Ushiroda, Y. Nagasaka, Y. Tanaka, S. Ogawa, H. Shibuya, K. Hanagaki, S. Okuno, D.Z. Shen, D.S. Yan, Z.W. Yin, N. Tan, C.H. Wang, T. Yamaki, and Y. Yamashita
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Spectrometer ,Meson ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Detector ,Particle detector ,Particle identification ,Belle experiment ,Semiconductor detector ,Nuclear physics ,KEKB ,Computer Science::Programming Languages ,Physics::Accelerator Physics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Instrumentation - Abstract
The BELLE detector for experiments at KEKB, a high luminosity, energy asymmetric B-factory, is now being constructed at KEK. An overview of the detector systems and their status is presented.
- Published
- 2002
45. Electron localization of ${{{\rm{H}}}_{3}}^{+}$ and ${{\rm{HeH}}}^{2+}$ in an ultrashort ultraviolet laser field
- Author
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Zhengmao Jia, Zhou Zeng, W T Tang, R.X. Li, and Z.Z. Xu
- Subjects
Physics ,Polyatomic ion ,Electron ,Condensed Matter Physics ,medicine.disease_cause ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Dissociation (chemistry) ,Electron localization function ,Ion ,law.invention ,010309 optics ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Electric potential ,Atomic physics ,010306 general physics ,Ultraviolet - Abstract
Electron localization in the dissociation of the molecular ions H-3(+) and HeH2+ in an intense ultrashort ultraviolet laser pulse is studied with the Schrdinger equation. Two different dissociation channels, H-3(+) + n gamma -> H-2 + p and H-3(+) + n gamma -> H-2(+) + H, and HeH2++ n gamma -> He+ + p and HeH2++ n gamma -> alpha + H, for H-3(+) and HeH2+, are investigated, respectively. The numerical and analytical results both show that, for a molecular ion with an asymmetric double-well Coulomb potential, most electrons of the 1s sigma(g) state are localized at the potential well with lower energies. For electrons of the 2p sigma u state, most are localized at the potential well with higher energies when in a single ultraviolet laser pulse. Therefore, for H-3(+), most electrons of the dissociation state are stabilized at the potential well with higher energies (H+), for the lowest dissociation state is the 2p sigma(u) state. Most of the electrons of the dissociation state of HeH2+ are captured by the potential well with lower energies (He2+), because the lowest dissociation state is the 1ssg state and the 2p sigma(u) state is bounded.
- Published
- 2017
46. Application of liquid semen technology improves conception rate of sex-sorted semen in lactating dairy cows
- Author
-
Z.Z. Xu
- Subjects
Male ,endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ice calving ,Semen ,Sexing ,Biology ,urologic and male genital diseases ,fluids and secretions ,Animal science ,Pregnancy ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Sex Preselection ,Insemination, Artificial ,Gynecology ,Estrous cycle ,urogenital system ,Artificial insemination ,Sperm ,Dairying ,Fertilization ,Herd ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cattle ,Female ,Dose rate ,Food Science ,New Zealand - Abstract
The objective was to compare reproductive performance of liquid sex-sorted (SS) semen with that of conventional (CON) semen in lactating dairy cows. Between 2011 and 2013, commercial dairy herds (n = 101, 203, and 253 for 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively) with predominantly Holstein-Friesian cows were enrolled in a contract mating program to produce surplus heifers for export using liquid SS semen. During the spring mating period, each herd was allocated with liquid SS semen at 50% of its daily requirement and the remaining daily requirement was allocated with CON liquid semen. Sperm for producing SS semen was sorted by Sexing Technologies NZ Ltd. (Hamilton, New Zealand) and then packaged using the liquid semen technology of LIC (Hamilton, New Zealand) at a dose of 1 × 10(6) sperm. Artificial insemination (AI) with liquid SS semen was carried out between 43 and 46 h after collection. Conventional semen straws contained 1.25 × 10(6), 1.75 × 10(6), or 2 × 10(6) sperm for semen to be used on d 1, 2, or 3 after collection, respectively. Only CON inseminations on the same days as when SS semen was used were included in the comparison. Herd managers biased usage of SS semen toward cows with a longer postpartum interval before the mating start date (64.0 vs. 62.8 d), cows of higher genetic merit (NZ$107.0 vs. NZ$98.4), younger cows (5.1 vs. 5.2 yr), and cows in which they had more confidence of being genuinely in estrus as measured by a lower percentage of short returns between 1 and 17 d (5.3 vs. 7.5%). After adjusting for these factors, the estimated difference in nonreturn rate between AI with SS and CON semen over the 3 seasons was -3.8 percentage points (SS = 70.2% vs. CON = 74.0%; SS/CON = 94.9%). The estimated maximum difference in calving rate per AI between SS and CON semen was -3.1 percentage points for 2011 (SS = 51.2% vs. CON = 54.3%; SS/CON = 94.3%) and -3.0 percentage points for 2012 (SS = 49.7% vs. CON = 52.6%; SS/CON = 94.5%). Calving data for 2013 were not yet available. The percentage of heifer calves born to AI with SS semen was 87.0% for 2011 and 85.8% for 2012, both of which were lower than the expectation of 90% mainly due to misidentification of calf dams in seasonal dairy herds calving on pasture. In summary, results in this report showed that liquid SS semen only required half the dose rate of frozen SS semen to achieve a reproductive performance of over 94% of CON semen in lactating dairy cows. Careful planning and a robust distribution network are required to avoid semen wastage and to maximize the benefit of liquid SS semen.
- Published
- 2014
47. The X-ray emission of micro-capillary target irradiated by fs laser
- Author
-
Deng Jian, Fangchuan Zhong, Z.Z. Xu, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Ying-Jie Zhu, Ling Qin, and Xiaoming Hu
- Subjects
business.industry ,Chemistry ,Capillary action ,X-ray ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Radiation ,Laser ,law.invention ,Optics ,Capillary length ,law ,Capillary Plasma ,Electron temperature ,Irradiation ,business - Abstract
An experimental investigation on the interaction between ultra-short intense laser pulses and microcapillary has been carried out. The X spectrum from glass microcapillary is obtained successfully. Experimental results show that the X-ray radiation enhanced intensively with increasing the capillary length. In the same condition, the X-ray radiation yields of capillary target are more than one order higher than that of plane one. The average electron temperature of capillary plasma is higher when the laser pulse energy is increased.
- Published
- 2001
48. Development of soft X-ray transmission grating spectrograph and its spectrum unfolding techniques for ultrashort pulse laser produced plasma diagnosis
- Author
-
Zhang Zhengquan, Z.Z. Xu, and Deng Jian
- Subjects
Diffraction ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Plane (geometry) ,Physics::Optics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Plasma ,Intensity (physics) ,Optics ,Spectral resolution ,business ,Spectrograph ,Diffraction grating ,Ultrashort pulse laser - Abstract
A normal incident, transmission grating spectrograph with enhanced collection efficiency and high spectral resolution has been developed for ultrashort pulsed laser produced plasma diagnosis with a high spectral resolution of Δλ≤0.05nm. The partial coherent diffraction theory is applied to determine the imaging characteristics of the spectrograph. Intensity distributions on the observation plane are given in closed form. A novel method of spectrum unfolding techniques is put forward. Computer simulation shows that this method can give an uncertainty of ≤0.5% when applied in the radiation temperature measurement in indirect driven ICF experiments.
- Published
- 2001
49. Heating of planar rnetal targets by ultrashort laser pulses
- Author
-
Weixing Yu, Z.Z. Xu, Ruiqiang Li, and Z. S. Liu
- Subjects
Range (particle radiation) ,Optical autocorrelation ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,Ti:sapphire laser ,Physics::Optics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Laser ,law.invention ,X-ray laser ,Optics ,Planar ,Multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan ,Physics::Plasma Physics ,law ,Electron temperature ,Physics::Atomic Physics ,business - Abstract
The interactions of ultrashort laser pulses with planar metal targets are investigated theoretically. The electron temperature as a function of time is derived based on the one-dimensional, two-temperature diffusion model. The valid range of laser duration under the approximation of ultrashort pulses and an expression of the attainable highest electron temperature for the ultrashort pulses laser heating have been obtained.
- Published
- 2001
50. Prospect for 100TW/90fs X-ray driver using optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers
- Author
-
S.Q. Jin, Jinan Wang, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Xianzhong Yang, Jiahui Peng, Yongbin Leng, and Z.Z. Xu
- Subjects
Physics ,Chirped pulse amplification ,Optical amplifier ,business.industry ,Preamplifier ,Amplifier ,Bandwidth (signal processing) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Laser ,Optical parametric amplifier ,law.invention ,Optics ,law ,Ultrafast laser spectroscopy ,business - Abstract
The optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) technique is promising for constructing a 100-TW/90-fs laser system. This laser system consists of a diode-pumped Nd:phosphate oscillator, two LBO preamplifiers and a final power KDP amplifier. A noncollinear BBO-I optical parametric amplifier pumped by a Q-switched and frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser has been demonstrated. The temporally-stretched chirped signal laser pulses with a bandwidth of 36nm(FWHM) are amplified without limitation in bandwidth and distortion in the spectrum. The gain bandwidth is very sensitive to the pump-signal angle. Variation of this angle of ∼1 5mrad can significantly reduce the amplified bandwidth and results in a significant distortion of the amplified spectrum.
- Published
- 2001
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