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1. Foliar application of selenium (Se) at heading stage induces regulation of photosynthesis, yield formation, and quality characteristics in fragrant rice

Author

H.W. LUO, L.X. HE, B. DU, Z.M. WANG, A.X. ZHENG, R.F. LAI, and X.R. TANG

Subjects
000-grain mass, aromatic rice, gas exchange, microelement, photosynthetic capacity., Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

In order to study the effect of foliar application of sodium selenate on fragrant rice performance at the heading stage, the present study was conducted with two fragrant rice cultivars, 'Meixiangzhan-2' and 'Xiangyaxiangzhan'. At the heading stage, six concentrations of sodium selenate solution (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μmol L-1) were sprinkled to plants. Our results showed that foliar application of sodium selenate increased chlorophyll contents in rice leaves and upregulated net photosynthetic rate at the grain-filling stage. The enhancement was observed in grain yield, seed-setting rate, and in 1,000-grain mass. The highest yield and net photosynthetic rate were both recorded at 40 μmol L-1 treatment for both cultivars. Furthermore, foliar application of sodium selenate also improved some grain quality attributes, such as head rice rate and crude protein content. The Se concentration in fragrant rice grain also increased due to sodium selenate application. In conclusion, sodium selenate has potential to be the exogenous plant growth regulator in fragrant rice production to increase yield and quality.

Published
2019
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2. Spatial variability and affecting factors of soil nutrients in croplands of Northeast China: a case study in Dehui County

Author

Z.M. Wang, K.S. Song, B. Zhang, D.W. Liu, X.Y. Li, C.Y. Ren, S.M. Zhang, L. Luo, and C.H. Zhang

Subjects
soil nutrients, landscape attributes, geostatistics, gis, dehui county, northeast china, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

This paper addressed the spatial distribution characteristics of organic matter, total nitrogen, extractable phosphorus and extractable potassium in agricultural soils of Northeast China. The related factors were explored using geostatistics and geographic information systems. The results showed that the log-transformed data of the four soil nutrients followed a normal distribution. Soil extractable phosphorus had a higher coefficient of variation. The experimental variogram of the log-transformed data of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and extractable phosphorus was fitted with an exponential model, while soil extractable potassium was fitted to a spherical model. Soil samples from smaller slope gradients had higher organic matter and total nitrogen. Soil type affected the four soil nutrients significantly. Soil samples from dry farming land had significantly higher total nitrogen and extractable potassium than soil from paddy fields, while the contrary was found for extractable phosphorus. Along the Yinma River, soil samples from the western part have statistically higher values for organic matter, total nitrogen and extractable potassium than those collected from the eastern part.

Published
2009
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3. Soil organic carbon under different landscape attributes in croplands of Northeast China

Author

Z.M. Wang, B. Zhang, K.S. Song, D.W. Liu, F. Li, Z.X. Guo, and S.M. Zhang

Subjects
soil organic carbon, geostatistics, gis, spatial distribution, jiutai county, northeast china, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) was measured in topsoil samples of agricultural soils from 311 locations of Jiutai County, Northeast China. The spatial characteristics of SOC were studied using the Geographic Information Systems and geostatistics. Effects of other soil physical and chemical properties, elevation, slope, soil type and land use type were explored. SOC concentrations followed a lognormal distribution, with a geometric mean of 1.50%. The experimental variogram of SOC has been fitted with an exponential model. Our results highlighted total nitrogen and pH as the soil properties that have the greatest influence on SOC levels. Upland eroding areas have significantly less SOC than soils in deposition areas. Results showed that, soil type had a significant relationship with SOC, reflecting the effect of soil parent materials. Soil samples from paddy fields and vegetable fields had higher SOC concentrations than those from dry farming land.

Published
2008
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10. Foliar application of selenium (Se) at heading stage induces regulation of photosynthesis, yield formation, and quality characteristics in fragrant rice

Author

L.X. He, H.W. Luo, A.X. Zheng, X.R. Tang, Z.M. Wang, R.F. Lai, and B. Du

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Chemistry, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plant Science, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Photosynthetic capacity, lcsh:QK1-989, Sodium selenate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Horticulture, 000-grain mass, aromatic rice, gas exchange, microelement, photosynthetic capacity, lcsh:Botany, Chlorophyll, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Grain quality, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Cultivar, Selenium, Aromatic rice, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In order to study the effect of foliar application of sodium selenate on fragrant rice performance at the heading stage, the present study was conducted with two fragrant rice cultivars, 'Meixiangzhan-2' and 'Xiangyaxiangzhan'. At the heading stage, six concentrations of sodium selenate solution (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μmol L-1) were sprinkled to plants. Our results showed that foliar application of sodium selenate increased chlorophyll contents in rice leaves and upregulated net photosynthetic rate at the grain-filling stage. The enhancement was observed in grain yield, seed-setting rate, and in 1,000-grain mass. The highest yield and net photosynthetic rate were both recorded at 40 μmol L-1 treatment for both cultivars. Furthermore, foliar application of sodium selenate also improved some grain quality attributes, such as head rice rate and crude protein content. The Se concentration in fragrant rice grain also increased due to sodium selenate application. In conclusion, sodium selenate has potential to be the exogenous plant growth regulator in fragrant rice production to increase yield and quality.

Published
2019

15. Efficient meso-scale homogenisation and statistical size effect analysis of concrete modelled by scaled boundary finite element polygons

Author

Guofei Liu, Zhenjun Yang, Z.M. Wang, Yujie Huang, and Fajun Wang

Subjects
Discretization, Monte Carlo method, Degrees of freedom (statistics), Boundary (topology), Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, 01 natural sciences, Finite element method, 010101 applied mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Polygon, General Materials Science, Polygon mesh, 0101 mathematics, SIMPLE algorithm, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mathematics
Abstract

This study develops an efficient numerical homogenisation approach for meso-scale concrete samples with randomly generated and packed aggregates and pores. A simple algorithm is devised to discretize samples into meshes consisting of semi-analytical scaled boundary finite element (SBFE) polygons only. As each aggregate is modelled by one SBFE polygon and only polygonal boundaries are discretized into nodes, the degrees of freedom of a model is significantly reduced compared with conventional finite element models. The volumetrically averaged stress inside a SBFE polygon is semi-analytically integrated, leading to high accuracy in the homogenised elastic properties. The effects of model size and porosity are statistically studied by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. A size effect law taking porosity into account is proposed to predict effective elastic moduli in good agreement with experimental data up to 200 mm model size. The meso-models are found statistically homogeneous when the size is about 4.5 times the maximum aggregate size.

Published
2017

21. Structure, phase diagram and magnetic properties of Bi1−La FeO3 solid solution

Author

H.Y. Zhou, Guang Hui Rao, Qingrong Yao, Yihao Shen, Jianqiu Deng, Peng Cheng Yang, and Z.M. Wang

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Phase transition, Materials science, Process Chemistry and Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystallography, Tetragonal crystal system, Remanence, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Orthorhombic crystal system, 0210 nano-technology, Solid solution, Phase diagram
Abstract

A series of polycrystalline Bi1−xLaxFeO3 (0≤x≤1.00) solid solution were synthesized by sol–gel method. The effects of lanthanum concentration on the phase formation, phase transition and magnetic properties were studied. The XRD results displayed that there is a clear indication of structural modification and symmetry change brought about by La doping. At room temperature the crystal structure of the solid solution transforms from rhombohedral R3c (x≤0.15) to tetragonal P4mm (0.15

Published
2016

22. Effect of Ce content on structure and electrochemical properties of La0.8–x Ce x Pr0.1Nd0.1B5 (B = Ni, Co, Mn; 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.3) hydrogen storage alloys

Author

Z.M. Wang, J. Y. Hu, Yao Qingrong, Jianqiu Deng, H.Y. Zhou, and Peng Liu

Subjects
Materials science, Alloy, Metallurgy, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Hydrogen storage, Electrode, engineering, Single phase, 0210 nano-technology, Cyclic stability
Abstract

The structure and electrochemical properties of La0.8–xCexPr0.1Nd0.1B5 (B5 ≡ Ni3.8Co1.1Mn0.1; x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) hydrogen storage alloys have been investigated. The results show that all alloys consist of CaCu5-type single phase. The maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes decreases from 368.7 mA h g–1 (x = 0) to 294.9 mA h g–1 (x = 0.30), the cyclic stability (S100) increases from 37.6% (x = 0) to 69.8% (x = 0.20) after 100 charge/discharge cycles, and the HRD1200 first increases from 69.5% (x = 0) to 85.2% (x = 0.20), then decreases to 80.8% (x = 0.30). Meanwhile, the electrochemical kinetic characteristics of the La0.8‒xCexPr0.1Nd0.1B5 alloy electrodes are also improved by increasing Ce content.

Published
2016

23. Crystallization behavior of Fe84B10C6 amorphous alloy under high magnetic field

Author

W.B. Wang, Yanxin Zhuang, B.T. Han, Pengfei Xing, and Z.M. Wang

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Amorphous metal, Precipitation (chemistry), Nucleation, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Grain size, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Magnetic field, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Crystallography, law, Transmission electron microscopy, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Crystallization, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

High magnetic field is a powerful tool in controlling the crystallization processes of amorphous alloys. The main objective of the paper is to clarify the effect of high magnetic field on the crystallization of Fe84B10C6 amorphous ribbons. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of the as-spun amorphous alloy was firstly investigated using a continuous differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) technique, then the isothermal crystallization processes of the amorphous alloy were performed under a magnetic field of 0 or 12 Tesla (T). The annealed samples were characterized using DSC, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The JMA exponent n at the initial stage of the first crystallization reaction is about 2.5. The crystallization starts with a homogenous nucleation, then the nucleation rate continuously decreases to zero, and the crystallization proceeds with the growth. The α-Fe precipitates from the Fe84B10C6 amorphous matrix at the isothermal annealing temperatures investigated, and the 12 T high magnetic field enhances the precipitation of α-Fe. The volume fraction and number of the precipitated α-Fe crystals in the alloys annealed under the 12 T high magnetic field are greatly larger than those in the alloys annealed at the same temperature without the magnetic field. However, the magnetic field has no obvious influence on the average grain size of the α-Fe crystals. The mechanism of the high magnetic field on the crystallization of the Fe84B10C6 amorphous alloy is to enhance the nucleation of the α-Fe.

Published
2016

24. Influence of La-doping on structure and magnetic behaviors in BiFeO3

Author

J. Cai, Jianqiu Deng, Z.M. Wang, Guang Hui Rao, H.Y. Zhou, and Qingrong Yao

Subjects
Materials science, Magnetism, Mechanical Engineering, Doping, Metals and Alloys, Crystal structure, Coercivity, Crystallography, Magnetization, Mechanics of Materials, Remanence, X-ray crystallography, Materials Chemistry, Orthorhombic crystal system
Abstract

The series of polycrystalline Bi 1− x La x FeO 3 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.50) ceramic powders was successfully synthesized by sol–gel method in this paper. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld crystal structure refinement software (FULLPROF) were used as complementary method to study structure and hyperfine interactions of the samples. It was a clear indication of structural modification and symmetry changes brought about by La doping. The BFO is crystallized in rhombohedrally distorted perovskite structure with space group R3c for x ⩽ 0.10. With an increase of La content, within the range x = 0.10–0.20 a structural phase evolutes from rhombohedral to cubic Pm 3 ¯ m structure, and then transits to orthorhombic Pbnm structure on further increasing the La-doping to x = 0.50. The magnetization of La-doped samples is improved with the increase of La content. The coercive field (Hc) increases remarkably with an increase in La doping and x = 0.50 exhibits the highest Hc (20.2 kOe at room temperature) reported so far in any rare earth doped BFO, which will have a great potential for practical application in non-volatile memory devices. Moreover, high-field magnetization and remanence (Mr) increase with La doping content due to the gradual change in spin cycloid structure.

Published
2015

25. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of GhLOF genes in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Author

T.C. Dai and Z.M. Wang

Subjects
Cloning, Genetics, Gossypium, Base Sequence, biology, Sequence analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, fungi, Protein domain, food and beverages, General Medicine, Molecular cloning, Genes, Plant, biology.organism_classification, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Arabidopsis, Axillary bud, Shoot, Botany, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Molecular Biology, Gene, Plant Proteins
Abstract

Shoot branching, i.e., the timing and position of shoot growth, determines to a large extend the pattern of plant architecture, and is the result of the integration of a plant's genetic background and environmental cues. Many genes that are involved in the formation and outgrowth of axillary buds have been cloned, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Branching pattern is an important agronomic trait in many crops, including cotton. In the present study, we cloned four genes from cotton, and designated them as GhLOF1/2/3/4. Sequence analysis revealed that all four genes shared conserved protein domains with LATERAL ORGAN FUSION (LOF) from Arabidopsis and TRIFOLIATE (Tf) from tomato. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GhLOF3 and GhLOF4 were close to Tf because of their similar expression patterns, whereas GhLOF1 and GhLOF2 were differentially expressed.

Published
2015

26. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of five GhRAXs in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Author

T.C. Dai and Z.M. Wang

Subjects
Meristem, Protein domain, Arabidopsis, Molecular cloning, Gossypium, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Axillary bud, Botany, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Gene, Plant Proteins, Cloning, biology, Gene Expression Profiling, fungi, food and beverages, General Medicine, Plants, Genetically Modified, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, Transcription Factors
Abstract

The formation of axillary meristems in leaf axils is a prerequisite for the development of lateral shoots, which largely contribute to plant architecture. Several transcription factor-encoding genes, including CUC3, RAX, LAS, LOF1, and ROX, have been cloned by screening for axillary meristem mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. These genes will facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms underlying axillary meristem development. In this study, we report the cloning of five genes from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) that are orthologous to A. thaliana REGULATORS OFAXILLARY MERISTEMS (RAX) and tomato Blind (Bl), and they are designated GhRAX1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Sequence analyses indicated that all five genes shared conserved protein domains with RAX and Bl. Phylogenetic analyses of protein sequences revealed that GhRAX2/3/4 were close to RAX1, whereas GhRAX1 and GhRAX5 were close to RAX3. Expression patterns of these genes in different tissues were also analyzed using real-time PCR.

Published
2015

27. Physiological Changes of Carallia Brachiata, Ficus Microcarpa and Phoebe Zhennan Seedlings Under Low Temperature Stress

Author

Z.M. Wang, L. Xue, T.T. Zhou, and J.X. Xu

Subjects
Chlorophyll content, food.ingredient, biology, Chemistry, Carallia brachiata, biology.organism_classification, Temperature stress, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Phoebe zhennan, Chlorophyll, Ficus microcarpa, Proline, Sugar
Abstract

Some physiological indexes of Carallia brachiata, Ficus microcarpa and Phoebe zhennan seedlings were measured under low temperature stress(6°C )for 2, 4 and 6 d and 2 d after release by chilling, respectively. The results show that with increasing stress time chlorophyll content of C. brachiata and F. microcarpa increased followed by a decrease, whereas P. zhennan decreased followed by an increase; soluble sugar content of C. brachiata increased followed by a decrease and then increased again, F. microcarpa decreased followed by an increase, whereas P. zhennan tended to increase; soluble protein content of C. brachiata and P. zhennan tended to increase, whereas F. microcarpa kept at a steady condition. Proline content of the seedlings of three species increased followed by decrease; The SOD activity content of C. brachiata fluctuated slightly and then significantly decreased, F. microcarpa and P. zhennan fluctuated slightly. The MDA content of C. brachiata and P. zhennan increased followed by a decrease, F. microcarpa gradually increased. The two days after low-temperature release, contents of chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline of seedlings of the three species were higher or similar to control levels; The SOD activity of C. brachiata was lower than the control, and the other species was similar to the control; The MDA content of C. brachiata was lower than the control, P. zhennan was higher than the control, whereas F. microcarpa was similar to the control. The cold-resistance ability of seedlings of the three species was evaluated using principal component analysis, which decreased in order of C. brachiata > P. zhennan > F. microcarpa.

Published
2017

28. Fluorescence Response of Greening Seedling of Four Tree Species to Low Temperature Stress

Author

J.X. Xu, T.T. Zhou, Z.M. Wang, and L. Xue

Subjects
Quenching (fluorescence), 010304 chemical physics, biology, Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Ilex rotunda, Horticulture, Greening, Syzygium, Seedling, Cassia, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Tree species
Abstract

Fluorescence indexes of Cassia bakeriana, Syzygium hainanense, Ilex rotunda and Phoebe sheareri seedlings were determined under simulated low temperature stress using artificial climate chambers. The results showed that with increasing low temperature time, the minimal initial fluorescence Fo of C. bakeriana fluctuated, S. hainanense and P. sheareri decreased followed by an increase, I. rotunda decreased and then fluctuated; The biggest fluorescent Fm of C. bakeriana and I. rotunda increased followed by a decrease and increased again, S. hainanense continuously decreased; the largest PSII photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm of C. bakeriana and I. rotunda S. hainanense continuously decreased, S. hainanense increased followed by a decrease, whereas P. sheareri decreased followed by an increase; the PSII actual light quantum yield Y(II) and photosynthetic electron transport rate ETR of seedlings of the four tree species decreased; non‐photochemical quenching of C. bakeriana and S. hainanense fluctuated, whereas that of I. rotunda and P. sheareri continuously decreased. Two days after low‐temperature release, Fo of seedlings of the four tree species decreased, Fm of C. bakeriana, S. hainanense and I. rotunda, and Fv/Fm, Y(II), ETR and NPQ of seedlings of the four tree species increased. The fluorescence parameters of seedlings of the four tree species was evaluated using principal component analysis, indicating that cold‐resistance ability decreased in the order of C. bakeriana > P. sheareri > I. rotunda > S. hainanense

Published
2017

29. A set of novel microsatellite markers developed for an economically important tree, Dracontomelon duperreanum, in China

Author

Yuming Guo, H.L. Cao, Zheng-Feng Wang, Yitao Wang, Z.M. Wang, M. Li, L.F. Wu, and Q.M. Mei

Subjects
Genetic Markers, 0106 biological sciences, Genetic diversity, Polymorphism, Genetic, biology, Anacardiaceae, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA sequencing, Trees, Plant Breeding, Genus, Evolutionary biology, Genetics, Microsatellite, Botanical garden, Allele, Multipurpose tree, Dracontomelon, Molecular Biology, Alleles, Microsatellite Repeats, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Dracontomelon duperreanum, the most representative species of the family Anacardiaceae, is an important multipurpose tree in China and Vietnam. However, no genetic diversity studies have been reported on this species. In this study, we identified 11 microsatellite markers for D. duperreanum by using the restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) method and examined their polymorphisms in 22 samples obtained from the South China Botanical Garden, South China. We could detect only two or three alleles for each microsatellite marker. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.41 and 0.39, respectively, which were lower than those reported for the species with similar life history forms. These relatively low genetic diversities in this common plant species are unexpected and might have resulted from its extensive cultivation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of microsatellite markers in the genus Dracontomelon. These microsatellite markers will be valuable for studying the genetic diversities and structures in D. duperreanum and other Dracontomelon species.

Published
2017

30. Hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V 35 Ti 20 Cr 45 alloy by heat treatment

Author

H.Y. Zhou, Qingrong Yao, Jianqiu Deng, Feng Wang, Guang Hui Rao, Z.M. Wang, Jiang Wang, and Chengying Tang

Subjects
Materials science, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Hydride, Metallurgy, Alloy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Thermodynamics, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Hydrogen storage, Fuel Technology, Differential scanning calorimetry, Phase (matter), Desorption, engineering, Thermal stability
Abstract

The crystal structure, microstructure, hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of the as-cast and annealed V 35 Ti 20 Cr 45 alloys prepared by arc-melting were studied in this work. It was confirmed that the as-cast alloy is a body-centered cubic (bcc) single phase, while it consists of bcc main phase and C14-typed Laves secondary phase after annealed at 973 K for 72 h. As a result of the microstructure change, the activation performance and kinetic properties of the annealed alloy are improved greatly due to the catalysis of C14-typed Laves secondary phase in the annealed alloy. The kinetic mechanism of hydrogen absorption/desorption processes in the as-cast and annealed alloys was discussed using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. Based on the plateau pressure data from pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurements with the Van't Hoff equation, the calculated formation enthalpies of the hydride formed in the as-cast and annealed alloys indicate that heat treatment results in lower thermal stability of the hydride in the as-cast alloy. Furthermore, using the Kissinger method with the peak temperatures from differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements at different heating rates, the calculated activation energies of the dehydrogenation in the as-cast and annealed alloys suggest that heat treatment is very beneficial to improve hydrogen absorption/desorption capacities in the alloy.

Published
2014

31. Electrochemical properties of the LaNi4.5Co0.25Al0.25 hydrogen storage alloy in wide temperature range

Author

Guang Hui Rao, Qingrong Yao, Z.M. Wang, Shunkang Pan, and H.Y. Zhou

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, engineering.material, Alloy electrode, Atmospheric temperature range, Electrochemistry, Hydrogen storage, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Capacity loss
Abstract

The effect of temperature on the overall electrochemical properties of LaNi 4.5 Co 0.25 Al 0.25 hydrogen storage alloy has been studied systematically. The results show that temperature has a striking effect on the overall electrochemical properties. The LaNi 4.5 Co 0.25 Aln 0.25 alloy electrode has a maximum capacity of 324.4 mA h/g at 253 K after first activation at room temperature. The cycling stability and capacity retention S 50 increase with the decreasing temperature from 333 K to 253 K, while the reversible capacity loss (RCL) and irreversible capacity loss (ICL) both increase with elevation of testing temperature. The high-rate discharge ability (HRD) at room temperature is superior to that of other temperatures.

Published
2014

32. Measurement of the atmospheric muon spectrum from 20 to 3000 GeV

Author

P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, M. van den Akker, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz, P. Bagnaia, A. Bajo, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, J. Bähr, S.V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillère, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B.L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, S.C. Blyth, G.J. Bobbink, A. Böhm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J.G. Branson, F. Brochu, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, T. Chiarusi, Y.H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de la Cruz, S. Cucciarelli, J.A. van Dalen, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, L.K. Ding, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M.T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, I. Duran, B. Echenard, A. Eline, A. El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F.J. Eppling, P. Extermann, G. Faber, M.A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, F. Filthaut, W. Fisher, I. Fisk, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu. Galaktionov, S.N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z.F. Gong, H.J. Grabosch, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, H. Groenstege, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, Y.N. Guo, S. Gupta, V.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L.J. Gutay, D. Haas, Ch. Haller, D. Hatzifotiadou, Y. Hayashi, Z.X. He, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S.R. Hou, A.X. Huo, Y. Hu, N. Ito, B.N. Jin, C.L. Jing, L.W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberría, V. Kantserov, M. Kaur, S. Kawakami, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, J.K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A.C. König, E. Kok, A. Korn, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, H.H. Kuang, R.W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, J. Kuijpers, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J.M. Le Goff, Y. Lei, H. Leich, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, L. Li, Z.C. Li, S. Likhoded, C.H. Lin, W.T. Lin, F.L. Linde, L. Lista, Z.A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y.S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W.G. Ma, X.H. Ma, Y.Q. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Maña, J. Mans, J.P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R.R. McNeil, S. Mele, X.W. Meng, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W.J. Metzger, A. Mihul, A. van Mil, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, B. Monteleoni, G.S. Muanza, A.J.M. Muijs, B. Musicar, M. Musy, S. Nagy, R. 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Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, L3,CERN-LEP-L3, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Ciencias Físicas, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, momentum spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Momentum, Nuclear physics, Atmospheric muon spectrum, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Muon spectrometer, muon, l3, cern lab, cosmic radiation, angular dependence, magnetic detector, 0103 physical sciences, Vertical direction, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Cosmic rays, High-energy hadronic interactions, Zenith, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Física, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Astronomía, Pair production, Muon flux, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Particle Physics - Experiment, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE
Abstract

The absolute muon flux between 20 and 3000 GeV is measured with the L3 magnetic muon spectrometer for zenith angles ranging from 0°to 58°. Due to the large exposure of about 150 m2sr d, and the excellent momentum resolution of the L3 muon chambers, a precision of 2.3% at 150 GeV in the vertical direction is achieved.The ratio of positive to negative muons is studied between 20 and 500 GeV, and the average vertical muon charge ratio is found to be 1.285±0.003(stat.)±0.019(syst.)., Physics Letters B, 598 (1-2), ISSN:0370-2693, ISSN:0031-9163, ISSN:1873-2445

Published
2004

34. Measurement of the Z-boson mass using e+e -> Z gamma events at centre-of-mass energies above the Z pole

Author

P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz, P. Bagnaia, A. Bajo, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, S.V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillère, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B.L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, S.C. Blyth, G.J. Bobbink, A. Böhm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J.G. Branson, F. Brochu, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, Y.H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de la Cruz, S. Cucciarelli, J.A. van Dalen, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M.T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, B. Echenard, A. Eline, A. El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F.J. Eppling, P. Extermann, M.A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, F. Filthaut, P.H. Fisher, W. Fisher, I. Fisk, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu. Galaktionov, S.N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z.F. Gong, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, R. van Gulik, V.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L.J. Gutay, D. Haas, D. Hatzifotiadou, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S.R. Hou, Y. Hu, B.N. Jin, L.W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberrı́a, D. Käfer, M. Kaur, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, J.K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A.C. König, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, R.W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J.M. Le Goff, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, S. Likhoded, C.H. Lin, W.T. Lin, F.L. Linde, L. Lista, Z.A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y.S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W.G. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Maña, J. Mans, J.P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R.R. McNeil, S. Mele, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W.J. Metzger, A. Mihul, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, G.S. Muanza, A.J.M. Muijs, B. Musicar, M. Musy, S. Nagy, S. Natale, M. Napolitano, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, H. Newman, A. Nisati, T. Novak, H. Nowak, R. Ofierzynski, G. Organtini, I. Pal, C. Palomares, P. Paolucci, R. Paramatti, G. Passaleva, S. Patricelli, T. Paul, M. Pauluzzi, C. Paus, F. Pauss, M. Pedace, S. Pensotti, D. Perret-Gallix, B. Petersen, D. Piccolo, F. Pierella, M. Pioppi, P.A. Piroué, E. Pistolesi, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Pojidaev, J. Pothier, D. Prokofiev, J. Quartieri, G. Rahal-Callot, M.A. Rahaman, P. Raics, N. Raja, R. Ramelli, P.G. Rancoita, R. Ranieri, A. Raspereza, P. Razis, D. Ren, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, S. Riemann, K. Riles, B.P. Roe, L. Romero, A. Rosca, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Roth, C. Rosenbleck, J.A. Rubio, G. Ruggiero, H. Rykaczewski, A. Sakharov, S. Saremi, S. Sarkar, J. Salicio, E. Sanchez, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, H. Schopper, D.J. Schotanus, C. Sciacca, L. Servoli, S. Shevchenko, N. Shivarov, V. Shoutko, E. Shumilov, A. Shvorob, D. Son, C. Souga, P. Spillantini, M. Steuer, D.P. Stickland, B. Stoyanov, A. Straessner, K. Sudhakar, G. Sultanov, L.Z. Sun, S. Sushkov, H. Suter, J.D. Swain, Z. Szillasi, X.W. Tang, P. Tarjan, L. Tauscher, L. Taylor, B. Tellili, D. Teyssier, C. Timmermans, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, S.C. Tonwar, J. Tóth, C. Tully, K.L. Tung, J. Ulbricht, E. Valente, R.T. Van de Walle, R. Vasquez, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, I. Vetlitsky, D. Vicinanza, G. Viertel, S. Villa, M. Vivargent, S. Vlachos, I. Vodopianov, H. Vogel, H. Vogt, I. Vorobiev, A.A. Vorobyov, M. Wadhwa, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, Z.M. Wang, M. Weber, P. Wienemann, H. Wilkens, S. Wynhoff, L. Xia, Z.Z. Xu, J. Yamamoto, B.Z. Yang, C.G. Yang, H.J. Yang, M. Yang, S.C. Yeh, An. Zalite, Yu. Zalite, Z.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, R.Y. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, M. Zöller, Achard, Pablo, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Delmeire, Evelyne, Echenard, Bertrand, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Malgeri, Luca, Natale, Sonia, Pohl, Martin, Straessner, Arno, L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), P. ACHARD, O. ADRIANI, M. AGUILAR-BENITEZ, J. ALCARAZ, G. ALEMANNI, J. ALLABY, A. ALOISIO, M.G. ALVIGGI, H. ANDERHUB, V.P. ANDREEV, F. ANSELMO, A. AREFIEV, T. AZEMOON, T. AZIZ, P. BAGNAIA, A. BAJO, G. BAKSAY, L. BAKSAY, S.V. BALDEW, S. BANERJEE, SW. BANERJEE, A. BARCZYK, R. BARILLÈRE, P. BARTALINI, M. BASILE, N. BATALOVA, R. BATTISTON, A. BAY, F. BECATTINI, U. BECKER, F. BEHNER, L. BELLUCCI, R. BERBECO, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, B.L. BETEV, M. BIASINI, M. BIGLIETTI, A. BILAND, J.J. BLAISING, S.C. BLYTH, G.J. BOBBINK, A. BÖHM, L. BOLDIZSAR, B. BORGIA, S. BOTTAI, D. BOURILKOV, M. BOURQUIN, S. BRACCINI, J.G. BRANSON, F. BROCHU, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, M. CAPELL, G. CARA ROMEO, G. CARLINO, A. CARTACCI, J. CASAUS, F. CAVALLARI, N. CAVALLO, C. CECCHI, M. CERRADA, M. CHAMIZO, Y.H. CHANG, M. CHEMARIN, A. CHEN, G. CHEN, G.M. CHEN, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, G. CHIEFARI, L. CIFARELLI, F. CINDOLO, I. CLARE, R. CLARE, G. COIGNET, N. COLINO, S. COSTANTINI, B. DE LA CRUZ, S. CUCCIARELLI, J.A. VAN DALEN, R. DE ASMUNDIS, P. DÉGLON, J. DEBRECZENI, A. DEGRÉ, K. DEHMELT, K. DEITERS, D. DELLA VOLPE, E. DELMEIRE, P. DENES, F. DE NOTARISTEFANI, A. DE SALVO, M. DIEMOZ, M. DIERCKXSENS, C. DIONISI, M. DITTMAR, A. DORIA, M.T. DOVA, D. DUCHESNEAU, M. DUDA, B. ECHENARD, A. ELINE, A. EL HAGE, H. EL MAMOUNI, A. ENGLER, F.J. EPPLING, P. EXTERMANN, M.A. FALAGAN, S. FALCIANO, A. FAVARA, J. FAY, O. FEDIN, M. FELCINI, T. FERGUSON, H. FESEFELDT, E. FIANDRINI, J.H. FIELD, F. FILTHAUT, P.H. FISHER, W. FISHER, I. FISK, G. FORCONI, K. FREUDENREICH, C. FURETTA, YU. GALAKTIONOV, S.N. GANGULI, P. GARCIA-ABIA, M. GATAULLIN, S. GENTILE, S. GIAGU, Z.F. GONG, G. GRENIER, O. GRIMM, M.W. GRUENEWALD, M. GUIDA, V.K. GUPTA, A. GURTU, L.J. GUTAY, D. HAAS, D. HATZIFOTIADOU, T. HEBBEKER, A. HERVÉ, J. HIRSCHFELDER, H. HOFER, M. HOHLMANN, G. HOLZNER, S.R. HOU, Y. HU, B.N. JIN, L.W. JONES, P. DE JONG, I. JOSA-MUTUBERRÍA, M. KAUR, M.N. KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K. KIM, J. KIRKBY, W. KITTEL, A. KLIMENTOV, A.C. KOENIG, M. KOPAL, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRAEBER, R.W. KRAEMER, A. KRUEGER, A. KUNIN, P. LADRON DE GUEVARA, I. LAKTINEH, G. LANDI, M. LEBEAU, A. LEBEDEV, P. LEBRUN, P. LECOMTE, P. LECOQ, P. LE COULTRE, J.M. LE GOFF, R. LEISTE, M. LEVTCHENKO, P. LEVTCHENKO, C. LI, S. LIKHODED, C.H. LIN, W.T. LIN, F.L. LINDE, L. LISTA, Z.A. LIU, W. LOHMANN, E. LONGO, Y.S. LU, C. LUCI, L. LUMINARI, W. LUSTERMANN, W.G. MA, L. MALGERI, A. MALININ, C. MANA, D. MANGEOL, J. MANS, J.P. MARTIN, F. MARZANO, K. MAZUMDAR, RR. MCNEIL, S. MELE, L. MEROLA, M. MESCHINI, W.J. METZGER, A. MIHUL, H. MILCENT, G. MIRABELLI, J. MNICH, G.B. MOHANTY, G.S. MUANZA, A.J.M. MUIJS, B. MUSICAR, M. MUSY, S. NAGY, S. NATALE, M. NAPOLITANO, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, H. NEWMAN, A. NISATI, T. NOVAK, H. NOWAK, R. OFIERZYNSKI, G. ORGANTINI, I. PAL, C. PALOMARES, P.PAOLUCCI, R. PARAMATTI, G. PASSALEVA, S. PATRICELLI, T. PAUL, M. PAULUZZI, C. PAUS, F. PAUSS, M. PEDACE, S. PENSOTTI, D. PERRET-GALLIX, B. PETERSEN, D. PICCOLO, F. PIERELLA, M. PIOPPI, P.A. PIROUE, E. PISTOLESI, V. PLYASKIN, M. POHL, V. POJIDAEV, J. POTHIER, D. PROKOFIEV, J. QUARTIERI, G. RAHAL-CALLOT, M.A.RAHAMAN, P. RAICS, N. RAJA, R. RAMELLI, P.G. RANCOITA, R. RANIERI, A. RASPEREZA, P. RAZIS, D. REN, M. RESCIGNO, S. REUCROFT, S. RIEMANN, K. RILES, B.P. ROE, L. ROMERO, A. ROSCA, C. ROSEMANN, C. ROSENBLECK, S. ROSIER-LEES, S. ROTH, J.A. RUBIO, G. RUGGIERO, H. RYKACZEWSKI, A. SAKHAROV, S. SAREMI, S. SARKAR, J. SALICIO, E. SANCHEZ, C. SCHAEFER, V. SCHEGELSKY, H. SCHOPPER, D.J. SCHOTANUS, C. SCIACCA, L. SERVOLI, S. SHEVCHENKO, N. SHIVAROV, V. SHOUTKO, E. SHUMILOV, A. SHVOROB, D. SON, C. SOUGA, P. SPILLANTINI, M. STEUER, D.P. STICKLAND, B. STOYANOV, A. STRAESSNER, K. SUDHAKAR, G. SULTANOV, L.Z. SUN, S. SUSHKOV, H. SUTER, J.D. SWAIN, Z. SZILLASI, X.W. TANG, P. TARJAN, L. TAUSCHER, L. TAYLOR, B. TELLILI, D. TEYSSIER, C. TIMMERMANS, SAMUEL C.C. TING, S.M. TING, S.C. TONWAR, J. TOTH, C. TULLY, K.L. TUNG, J. ULBRICHT, E. VALENTE, R.T. VAN DE WALLE, R. VASQUEZ, V. VESZPREMI, G. VESZTERGOMBI, I. VETLITSKI, D. VICINANZA, G. VIERTEL, S. VILLA, M. VIVARGENT, S. VLACHOS, I. VODOPIANOV, H. VOGEL, H. VOGT, I. VOROBIEV, A.A. VOROBYOV, M. WADHWA, Q. WANG, X.L. WANG, Z.M. WANG, M. WEBER, H. WILKENS, S. WYNHOFF, L. XIA, Z.Z. XU, J. YAMAMOTO, B.Z. YANG, C.G. YANG, H.J. YANG, M. YANG, S.C. YEH, AN. ZALITE, YU. ZALITE, Z.P. ZHANG, J. ZHAO, G.Y. ZHU, R.Y. ZHU, H.L. ZHUANG, A. ZICHICHI, B. ZIMMERMANN, M. ZOELLER, IHEF (IoP, FNWI), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, and Lista, Luca

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Z boson, Hadron, ddc:500.2, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Ciencias Exactas, L3 EXPERIMENT, Physics, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Z pole, Resonance, Física, centre-of-mass energies, Z-boson, monte-carlo program, cross-sections, l3 experiment, final-states, qcd, lep, photoproduction, simulation, collisions, parameters, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Beam energy
Abstract

Events from the e+e− → Zγ process with hard initial-state radiation collected with the L3 detector at centre-of-mass energies between 183 and 209 GeV are used to measure the mass of the Z boson. Decays of the Z boson into hadrons or muon pairs are considered and the Z mass is determined to be 91.272 ± 0.032(stat) ± 0.033(syst) GeV, in agreement with the value measured at the Z resonance. Alternatively, assuming this measured value of the Z mass, the method determines the LEP centre-of-mass energy, found to be 175 ± 68(stat) ± 68(syst) MeV lower than the nominal value., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
2004

35. Search for color singlet and color reconnection effects in hadronic Z decays at LEP

Author

P. Achard, O. Adriani, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alcaraz, G. Alemanni, J. Allaby, A. Aloisio, M.G. Alviggi, H. Anderhub, V.P. Andreev, F. Anselmo, A. Arefiev, T. Azemoon, T. Aziz, P. Bagnaia, A. Bajo, G. Baksay, L. Baksay, S.V. Baldew, S. Banerjee, Sw. Banerjee, A. Barczyk, R. Barillère, P. Bartalini, M. Basile, N. Batalova, R. Battiston, A. Bay, F. Becattini, U. Becker, F. Behner, L. Bellucci, R. Berbeco, J. Berdugo, P. Berges, B. Bertucci, B.L. Betev, M. Biasini, M. Biglietti, A. Biland, J.J. Blaising, S.C. Blyth, G.J. Bobbink, A. Böhm, L. Boldizsar, B. Borgia, S. Bottai, D. Bourilkov, M. Bourquin, S. Braccini, J.G. Branson, F. Brochu, J.D. Burger, W.J. Burger, X.D. Cai, M. Capell, G. Cara Romeo, G. Carlino, A. Cartacci, J. Casaus, F. Cavallari, N. Cavallo, C. Cecchi, M. Cerrada, M. Chamizo, Y.H. Chang, M. Chemarin, A. Chen, G. Chen, G.M. Chen, H.F. Chen, H.S. Chen, G. Chiefari, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, I. Clare, R. Clare, G. Coignet, N. Colino, S. Costantini, B. de la Cruz, S. Cucciarelli, J.A. van Dalen, R. de Asmundis, P. Déglon, J. Debreczeni, A. Degré, K. Dehmelt, K. Deiters, D. della Volpe, E. Delmeire, P. Denes, F. DeNotaristefani, A. De Salvo, M. Diemoz, M. Dierckxsens, C. Dionisi, M. Dittmar, A. Doria, M.T. Dova, D. Duchesneau, M. Duda, B. Echenard, A. Eline, A. El Hage, H. El Mamouni, A. Engler, F.J. Eppling, P. Extermann, M.A. Falagan, S. Falciano, A. Favara, J. Fay, O. Fedin, M. Felcini, T. Ferguson, H. Fesefeldt, E. Fiandrini, J.H. Field, F. Filthaut, P.H. Fisher, W. Fisher, I. Fisk, G. Forconi, K. Freudenreich, C. Furetta, Yu. Galaktionov, S.N. Ganguli, P. Garcia-Abia, M. Gataullin, S. Gentile, S. Giagu, Z.F. Gong, G. Grenier, O. Grimm, M.W. Gruenewald, M. Guida, R. van Gulik, V.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, L.J. Gutay, D. Haas, D. Hatzifotiadou, T. Hebbeker, A. Hervé, J. Hirschfelder, H. Hofer, M. Hohlmann, G. Holzner, S.R. Hou, Y. Hu, B.N. Jin, L.W. Jones, P. de Jong, I. Josa-Mutuberrı́a, D. Käfer, M. Kaur, M.N. Kienzle-Focacci, J.K. Kim, J. Kirkby, W. Kittel, A. Klimentov, A.C. König, M. Kopal, V. Koutsenko, M. Kräber, R.W. Kraemer, A. Krüger, A. Kunin, P. Ladron de Guevara, I. Laktineh, G. Landi, M. Lebeau, A. Lebedev, P. Lebrun, P. Lecomte, P. Lecoq, P. Le Coultre, J.M. Le Goff, R. Leiste, M. Levtchenko, P. Levtchenko, C. Li, S. Likhoded, C.H. Lin, W.T. Lin, F.L. Linde, L. Lista, Z.A. Liu, W. Lohmann, E. Longo, Y.S. Lu, C. Luci, L. Luminari, W. Lustermann, W.G. Ma, L. Malgeri, A. Malinin, C. Maña, J. Mans, J.P. Martin, F. Marzano, K. Mazumdar, R.R. McNeil, S. Mele, L. Merola, M. Meschini, W.J. Metzger, A. Mihul, H. Milcent, G. Mirabelli, J. Mnich, G.B. Mohanty, G.S. Muanza, A.J.M. Muijs, B. Musicar, M. Musy, S. Nagy, S. Natale, M. Napolitano, F. Nessi-Tedaldi, H. Newman, A. Nisati, T. Novak, H. Nowak, R. Ofierzynski, G. Organtini, I. Pal, C. Palomares, P. Paolucci, R. Paramatti, G. Passaleva, S. Patricelli, T. Paul, M. Pauluzzi, C. Paus, F. Pauss, M. Pedace, S. Pensotti, D. Perret-Gallix, B. Petersen, D. Piccolo, F. Pierella, M. Pioppi, P.A. Piroué, E. Pistolesi, V. Plyaskin, M. Pohl, V. Pojidaev, J. Pothier, D. Prokofiev, J. Quartieri, G. Rahal-Callot, M.A. Rahaman, P. Raics, N. Raja, R. Ramelli, P.G. Rancoita, R. Ranieri, A. Raspereza, P. Razis, D. Ren, M. Rescigno, S. Reucroft, S. Riemann, K. Riles, B.P. Roe, L. Romero, A. Rosca, S. Rosier-Lees, S. Roth, C. Rosenbleck, J.A. Rubio, G. Ruggiero, H. Rykaczewski, A. Sakharov, S. Saremi, S. Sarkar, J. Salicio, E. Sanchez, C. Schäfer, V. Schegelsky, H. Schopper, D.J. Schotanus, C. Sciacca, L. Servoli, S. Shevchenko, N. Shivarov, V. Shoutko, E. Shumilov, A. Shvorob, D. Son, C. Souga, P. Spillantini, M. Steuer, D.P. Stickland, B. Stoyanov, A. Straessner, K. Sudhakar, G. Sultanov, L.Z. Sun, S. Sushkov, H. Suter, J.D. Swain, Z. Szillasi, X.W. Tang, P. Tarjan, L. Tauscher, L. Taylor, B. Tellili, D. Teyssier, C. Timmermans, Samuel C.C. Ting, S.M. Ting, S.C. Tonwar, J. Tóth, C. Tully, K.L. Tung, J. Ulbricht, E. Valente, R.T. Van de Walle, R. Vasquez, V. Veszpremi, G. Vesztergombi, I. Vetlitsky, D. Vicinanza, G. Viertel, S. Villa, M. Vivargent, S. Vlachos, I. Vodopianov, H. Vogel, H. Vogt, I. Vorobiev, A.A. Vorobyov, M. Wadhwa, Q. Wang, X.L. Wang, Z.M. Wang, M. Weber, P. Wienemann, H. Wilkens, S. Wynhoff, L. Xia, Z.Z. Xu, J. Yamamoto, B.Z. Yang, C.G. Yang, H.J. Yang, M. Yang, S.C. Yeh, An. Zalite, Yu. Zalite, Z.P. Zhang, J. Zhao, G.Y. Zhu, R.Y. Zhu, H.L. Zhuang, A. Zichichi, B. Zimmermann, M. Zöller, Achard, Pablo, Bourquin, Maurice, Braccini, Saverio, Chamizo Llatas, Maria, Deglon, Patrick, Delmeire, Evelyne, Echenard, Bertrand, Extermann, Pierre, Field, John, Kienzle, Maria-Novella, Malgeri, Luca, Natale, Sonia, Pohl, Martin, Straessner, Arno, P., Achard, Aloisio, Alberto, Alviggi, Mariagrazia, Chiefari, Giovanni, DELLA VOLPE, Domenico, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, Patricelli, Sergio, Sciacca, Crisostomo, Lista, Luca, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, L3 (IHEF, IoP, FNWI), P. ACHARD, O. ADRIANI, M. AGUILAR-BENITEZ, J. ALCARAZ, G. ALEMANNI, J. ALLABY, A. ALOISIO, M.G. ALVIGGI, H. ANDERHUB, V.P. ANDREEV, F. ANSELMO, A. AREFIEV, T. AZEMOON, T. AZIZ, P. BAGNAIA, A. BAJO, G. BAKSAY, L. BAKSAY, S.V. BALDEW, S. BANERJEE, SW. BANERJEE, A. BARCZYK, R. BARILLÈRE, P. BARTALINI, M. BASILE, N. BATALOVA, R. BATTISTON, A. BAY, F. BECATTINI, U. BECKER, F. BEHNER, L. BELLUCCI, R. BERBECO, J. BERDUGO, P. BERGES, B. BERTUCCI, B.L. BETEV, M. BIASINI, M. BIGLIETTI, A. BILAND, J.J. BLAISING, S.C. BLYTH, G.J. BOBBINK, A. BÖHM, L. BOLDIZSAR, B. BORGIA, S. BOTTAI, D. BOURILKOV, M. BOURQUIN, S. BRACCINI, J.G. BRANSON, F. BROCHU, J.D. BURGER, W.J. BURGER, X.D. CAI, M. CAPELL, G. CARA ROMEO, G. CARLINO, A. CARTACCI, J. CASAUS, F. CAVALLARI, N. CAVALLO, C. CECCHI, M. CERRADA, M. CHAMIZO, Y.H. CHANG, M. CHEMARIN, A. CHEN, G. CHEN, G.M. CHEN, H.F. CHEN, H.S. CHEN, G. CHIEFARI, L. CIFARELLI, F. CINDOLO, I. CLARE, R. CLARE, G. COIGNET, N. COLINO, S. COSTANTINI, B. DE LA CRUZ, S. CUCCIARELLI, J.A. VAN DALEN, R. DE ASMUNDIS, P. DÉGLON, J. DEBRECZENI, A. DEGRÉ, K. DEHMELT, K. DEITERS, D. DELLA VOLPE, E. DELMEIRE, P. DENES, F. DE NOTARISTEFANI, A. DE SALVO, M. DIEMOZ, M. DIERCKXSENS, C. DIONISI, M. DITTMAR, A. DORIA, M.T. DOVA, D. DUCHESNEAU, M. DUDA, B. ECHENARD, A. ELINE, A. EL HAGE, H. EL MAMOUNI, A. ENGLER, F.J. EPPLING, P. EXTERMANN, M.A. FALAGAN, S. FALCIANO, A. FAVARA, J. FAY, O. FEDIN, M. FELCINI, T. FERGUSON, H. FESEFELDT, E. FIANDRINI, J.H. FIELD, F. FILTHAUT, P.H. FISHER, W. FISHER, I. FISK, G. FORCONI, K. FREUDENREICH, C. FURETTA, YU. GALAKTIONOV, S.N. GANGULI, P. GARCIA-ABIA, M. GATAULLIN, S. GENTILE, S. GIAGU, Z.F. GONG, G. GRENIER, O. GRIMM, M.W. GRUENEWALD, M. GUIDA, V.K. GUPTA, A. GURTU, L.J. GUTAY, D. HAAS, D. HATZIFOTIADOU, T. HEBBEKER, A. HERVÉ, J. HIRSCHFELDER, H. HOFER, M. HOHLMANN, G. HOLZNER, S.R. HOU, Y. HU, B.N. JIN, L.W. JONES, P. DE JONG, I. JOSA-MUTUBERRÍA, M. KAUR, M.N. KIENZLE-FOCACCI, J.K. KIM, J. KIRKBY, W. KITTEL, A. KLIMENTOV, A.C. KOENIG, M. KOPAL, V. KOUTSENKO, M. KRAEBER, R.W. KRAEMER, A. KRUEGER, A. KUNIN, P. LADRON DE GUEVARA, I. LAKTINEH, G. LANDI, M. LEBEAU, A. LEBEDEV, P. LEBRUN, P. LECOMTE, P. LECOQ, P. LE COULTRE, J.M. LE GOFF, R. LEISTE, M. LEVTCHENKO, P. LEVTCHENKO, C. LI, S. LIKHODED, C.H. LIN, W.T. LIN, F.L. LINDE, L. LISTA, Z.A. LIU, W. LOHMANN, E. LONGO, Y.S. LU, C. LUCI, L. LUMINARI, W. LUSTERMANN, W.G. MA, L. MALGERI, A. MALININ, C. MANA, D. MANGEOL, J. MANS, J.P. MARTIN, F. MARZANO, K. MAZUMDAR, RR. MCNEIL, S. MELE, L. MEROLA, M. MESCHINI, W.J. METZGER, A. MIHUL, H. MILCENT, G. MIRABELLI, J. MNICH, G.B. MOHANTY, G.S. MUANZA, A.J.M. MUIJS, B. MUSICAR, M. MUSY, S. NAGY, S. NATALE, M. NAPOLITANO, F. NESSI-TEDALDI, H. NEWMAN, A. NISATI, T. NOVAK, H. NOWAK, R. OFIERZYNSKI, G. ORGANTINI, I. PAL, C. PALOMARES, P.PAOLUCCI, R. PARAMATTI, G. PASSALEVA, S. PATRICELLI, T. PAUL, M. PAULUZZI, C. PAUS, F. PAUSS, M. PEDACE, S. PENSOTTI, D. PERRET-GALLIX, B. PETERSEN, D. PICCOLO, F. PIERELLA, M. PIOPPI, P.A. PIROUE, E. PISTOLESI, V. PLYASKIN, M. POHL, V. POJIDAEV, J. POTHIER, D. PROKOFIEV, J. QUARTIERI, G. RAHAL-CALLOT, M.A.RAHAMAN, P. RAICS, N. RAJA, R. RAMELLI, P.G. RANCOITA, R. RANIERI, A. RASPEREZA, P. RAZIS, D. REN, M. RESCIGNO, S. REUCROFT, S. RIEMANN, K. RILES, B.P. ROE, L. ROMERO, A. ROSCA, C. ROSEMANN, C. ROSENBLECK, S. ROSIER-LEES, S. ROTH, J.A. RUBIO, G. RUGGIERO, H. RYKACZEWSKI, A. SAKHAROV, S. SAREMI, S. SARKAR, J. SALICIO, E. SANCHEZ, C. SCHAEFER, V. SCHEGELSKY, H. SCHOPPER, D.J. SCHOTANUS, C. SCIACCA, L. SERVOLI, S. SHEVCHENKO, N. SHIVAROV, V. SHOUTKO, E. SHUMILOV, A. SHVOROB, D. SON, C. SOUGA, P. SPILLANTINI, M. STEUER, D.P. STICKLAND, B. STOYANOV, A. STRAESSNER, K. SUDHAKAR, G. SULTANOV, L.Z. SUN, S. SUSHKOV, H. SUTER, J.D. SWAIN, Z. SZILLASI, X.W. TANG, P. TARJAN, L. TAUSCHER, L. TAYLOR, B. TELLILI, D. TEYSSIER, C. TIMMERMANS, SAMUEL C.C. TING, S.M. TING, S.C. TONWAR, J. TOTH, C. TULLY, K.L. TUNG, J. ULBRICHT, E. VALENTE, R.T. VAN DE WALLE, R. VASQUEZ, V. VESZPREMI, G. VESZTERGOMBI, I. VETLITSKI, D. VICINANZA, G. VIERTEL, S. VILLA, M. VIVARGENT, S. VLACHOS, I. VODOPIANOV, H. VOGEL, H. VOGT, I. VOROBIEV, A.A. VOROBYOV, M. WADHWA, Q. WANG, X.L. WANG, Z.M. WANG, M. WEBER, H. WILKENS, S. WYNHOFF, L. XIA, Z.Z. XU, J. YAMAMOTO, B.Z. YANG, C.G. YANG, H.J. YANG, M. YANG, S.C. YEH, AN. ZALITE, YU. ZALITE, Z.P. ZHANG, J. ZHAO, G.Y. ZHU, R.Y. ZHU, H.L. ZHUANG, A. ZICHICHI, B. ZIMMERMANN, M. ZOELLER, and IHEF (IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Quark, Particle physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Z boson, e&e-annihilation, rapidity gaps, 3-jet events, e+e annihilation, particle-flow, root-s, energy, jets, quark, tests, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Z boson decay, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), colour singlet production, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Particle flow, Singlet state, 010306 general physics, Ciencias Exactas, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, L3 experiment, colour reconnection effects, Física, 3. Good health, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A search is performed in symmetric 3-jet hadronic Z-decay events for evidence of colour singlet production or colour reconnection effects. Asymmetries in the angular separation of particles are found to be sensitive indicators of such effects. Upper limits on the level of colour singlet production or of colour reconnection effects are established for a variety of models., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas

Published
2004

37. The isothermal section of the Tb–Co–Cr ternary system at 873 K

Author

Z.M. Wang, X.X. Lan, Qingrong Yao, Shunkang Pan, and H.Y. Zhou

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Ternary numeral system, chemistry, Ternary compound, X-ray crystallography, Metallography, Analytical chemistry, General Materials Science, Ternary operation, Instrumentation, Isothermal process, Phase diagram, Solid solution
Abstract

The isothermal section of the phase diagram of the Tb–Co–Cr ternary system at 873 K was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, metallography, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Ternary phases and their lattice parameters as a function of composition of solid solution were systematically studied. The existence of one ternary phase reported previously was confirmed. The ternary compound Tb(Co, Cr)12 crystallizes with ThMn12-type structure, space group I4/mmm. The linear homogeneity range along the line of 7.69 at.% Tb in TbCo12− x Cr x was found to be about x = 3.6–5.7, i.e., 27.7–43.8 at.% Cr. The lattice parameters are a = 0.8326–0.8352 nm and c = 0.4709–0.4740 nm. The maximum solid solubilities of Cr in Tb2Co17, TbCo3, and TbCo2 are about 20.0, 8.2, and 7.9 at.%, respectively.

Published
2011

38. Mechanism of aluminum-induced layer exchange upon low-temperature annealing of amorphous Si/polycrystalline Al bilayers

Author

J.Y. Wang, Z.M. Wang, and Mittemeijer, E.J.

Subjects
Aluminum -- Usage, Annealing -- Research, Silicon crystals -- Thermal properties, Silicon crystals -- Mechanical properties, Thermal stresses -- Evaluation, Physics
Abstract

The aluminum-induced layer exchange (ALILE) process occurring upon annealing amorphous Si/polycrystalline Al bilayers (a-Si/c-Al) at very low temperatures is described. The analysis of the local and global energy upon layer exchange has shown that a tiny driving force has controlled the kinetics of layer exchange, leading to the general interpretation of the mechanism of the ALILE process.

Published
2007

39. Ostéosynthèse par vis pédiculaires expansives dans les déformations rachidiennes dégénératives associées à une ostéoporose : étude clinique à deux ans de recul

Author

X. Li, J. Fu, Z.M. Wang, J.Y. Chen, Z.M. Yao, G. Cui, and M. Ni

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Radiography, Retrospective cohort study, Scoliosis, medicine.disease, Oswestry Disability Index, Surgery, Fixation (surgical), Orthopedic surgery, medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Pedicle screw fixation, business, Case series
Abstract

Background Osteoporotic bone offers poor purchase for the instrumentation in patients with degenerative spinal deformity (DSD), which could lead to several complications. Recently, augmentation methods to improve pedicle screw fixation have been proposed. This retrospective study was to investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of expandable pedicle screws (EPS) in patients with osteoporotic DSD. Hypothesis Expandable pedicle screws (EPS) provide excellent instrument fixation in patients with osteoporotic DSD, improving radiographic and clinical outcomes. Materials and methods A total of 27 (6 males and 21 females) DSD patients who underwent orthopedics operation with EPS were retrospectively studied. Full-length standing spinal radiographs were obtained in all patients pre- and postoperatively and again at the two-year follow-up. The functional evaluations before operation and at two-year follow-up were graded with Scoliosis Research Society outcomes instrument-22 (SRS-22) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scoring system. Results All patients obtained good corrective outcomes on spinal deformity. The preoperative ODI score was 36.7 % and reduced to 11.9 % at two-year follow-up (P = 0.0000). Before operation, the SRS-22 function, pain, appearance and mental scores were 2.7 ± 0.4, 3 ± 0.6, 2.7 ± 0.5 and 2.9 ± 0.6, respectively. The scores at two-year follow-up were significantly improved to 3.8 ± 0.7, 4.2 ± 0.6, 4.3 ± 0.6 and 4.4 ± 0.7, respectively (P = 0.0000). The SRS-22 satisfaction score was 4.6 ± 0.4 at two-year follow-up. No instances of screw breakage, loosening or pullout in any patient at follow-up. Discussion EPS provides excellent instrument fixation in patients with osteoporotic DSD, improving radiographic and clinical outcomes at two-years’ follow-up. Type of study Retrospective case series study. Level of evidence IV.

Published
2018

40. Phase relations in the Cu-poor part of the Ce–Al–Cu system at 503K

Author

Z.M. Wang, Fei Liu, Chengying Tang, P.P. Wang, Wanfang Zou, H.Y. Zhou, X.J. Chen, Hailong Wang, Xiaotao Hu, Qingrong Yao, Yanxia Wang, and Shunkang Pan

Subjects
Ternary numeral system, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystal structure, Copper, Cerium, Crystallography, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, X-ray crystallography, Materials Chemistry, Ternary operation, Powder diffraction, Solid solution
Abstract

The phase relations of the ternary system Ce-Al-Cu in the Cu-poor part at 503 K were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The investigated composition region consists of 16 single-phase, 32 two-phase and 17 three-phase regions. At 503 K, the maximum solid solubilities of Cu in Al, alpha-Ce(3)Al(11), CeAl(3) and CeAl(2) are about 2.5 at.%, 1.6, 3.6 and 5.3, respectively, and Al in CeCu(5) is about 39.2 at.% The homogeneity ranges of Al(2)Cu and AlCu phases extend from about 32.1 to 32.6 at.% Cu and 49.7 to 52.4 at.% Cu, respectively. Five ternary compounds and their solid solutions have been observed in this work: CeAl(12-x)Cu(x) (4.0

Published
2009

41. A New Solar Selective Absorbing Structure of Al-Al2O3 Cermet Composite Films by Pulsed Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering

Author

Z.M. Wang, Y. Wang, J.W. Qiu, Yu Dong Feng, X.M. Su, K. Zhao, and Li Wei Zhu

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Direct current, General Engineering, Cermet, Dielectric, Sputter deposition, Kapton, Optics, Absorptance, Optoelectronics, Thermal emittance, Thin film, business
Abstract

Thin films composed of mixtures of metals and dielectric are being considered for use as solar selective coatings for a various applications. By controlling the metal distribution, the solar selective coatings can be designed to have the combined properties of high absorptance, and low infrared emittance. We have studied the preparation of the Al-Al2O3 cermet composite films deposited on the flexible Kapton substrate by pulsed direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique. The complex films include infrared reflective layers, interference absorptive layers, and anti-reflective layers. The measurements of the samples show that the spectral absorptance in the region of 0.2~2.5μm and thermal emittance in the region of 2.5~25μm were 92% and 7%, respectively.

Published
2008

42. Structural characterization of REMgNi4 type compounds

Author

Z.M. Wang, Huaiying Zhou, Cheng-Yuan Ni, and Qingrong Yao

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Cell volume, Lanthanum compounds, Type (model theory), Characterization (mathematics), Condensed Matter Physics, Crystallography, Lattice constant, Mechanics of Materials, Phase (matter), X-ray crystallography, General Materials Science
Abstract

A series of REMgNi{sub 4} (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Y), La{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}MgNi{sub 4} (x = 0.1-1.0) and LaMgNi{sub 4-y} (y = 0.1-0.4) compounds have been prepared and characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice constant (a) and cell volume (V) of the REMgNi{sub 4} phase in these compounds were calculated with Si as the internal standard at 298 K. These results indicate that an apparent translation from the LaMgNi{sub 4} phase to the NdMgNi{sub 4} phase was observed with an increase of x from 0.1 to 1.0 in single-phase La{sub 1-x}Nd{sub x}MgNi{sub 4} compounds, while non-stoichiometric LaMgNi{sub 4-y} (y = 0.1-0.4) compounds maintain their original single-phase structure, though the increase of the lattice constant (a) of the LaMgNi{sub 4} phase has been observed with an increase of y.

Published
2008

43. Crystalline organic molecular thin film with electrical switching property: Scanning probe microscopy and optical spectroscopy study

Author

J. . Li, Z. . Xue, K.Z. Wang, C.H. Yan, Song, Y.L., Z.M. Wang, and D.B. Zhu

Subjects
Dielectric films -- Research, Thin films -- Research, Ethylene -- Optical properties, Ethylene -- Electric properties, Optics -- Research, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The growth and characterization of crystalline 1,1-dicyano-2,2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)ethylene (DDME) thin film with electrical switching property is reported. Optical spectroscopy shows that the film chemical structure is consistent with that of the powder material, suggesting that DDME material is very stable during the vacuum thermal deposition process.

Published
2004

44. Discharge behavior of MmNi3.66(CoAlMn)1.34 hydrogen storage alloys

Author

Sammy Lap Ip Chan, Z.M. Wang, and Chi-Ying Vanessa Li

Subjects
Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Alloy, Discharge current, Metals and Alloys, engineering.material, Hydrogen storage, Mechanics of Materials, Electrode, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Forensic engineering, Electric discharge, Composite material
Abstract

Discharge behaviors of MmNi 3.66 (CoAlMn) 1.34 alloy electrodes at different discharge current (DC) have been investigated by simulated battery tests. The results indicate that discharge capacity is dependant on its DC adopted in the tests, in which discharge capacities decrease with increasing discharge current. More than 80% of capacity retention has been observed where DC is less than 1C, and 21.91% of capacity retention for DC = 3C. A second (additional) “activation process” is required in order to fully activate the MmNi 3.66 (CoAlMn) 1.34 alloy electrodes to reach its active charge/discharge states again, when discharged at a higher DC above 0.2C. In addition to normal discharge step, an extra low-current discharge process indeed can effectively discharge the retained capacity; however such act damages the quality of MmNi 3.66 (CoAlMn) 1.34 alloy electrodes, thereby resulting in an apparent decline in cycle life.

Published
2007

45. Effect of sintering conditions on the formation of single-phase NdMgNi4 compound and its hydrogen storage properties

Author

Ruiping Zou, Huaiying Zhou, Z.M. Wang, and Qingrong Yao

Subjects
Battery (electricity), Materials science, Hydrogen, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, Sintering, chemistry.chemical_element, Electrochemistry, Hydrogen storage, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, X-ray crystallography, Materials Chemistry, Magnesium alloy, Ball mill
Abstract

Effects of different sintering conditions on the formation of single-phase NdMgNi 4 compound and its electrochemical properties have been investigated. XRD analysis shows that an ideal single-phase compound of NdMgNi 4 can be synthesized by sintering the pressed tablets of mixture of Mg, Ni and NdNi powders under 973 K for 5 h; single-phase compounds of REMgNi 4 (RE = La, Ce, Pr) can be synthesized in this way as well. The electrochemical properties were measured by simulated battery tests. The maximum discharge capacity of NdMgNi 4 compound was about 200 mAh/g, and just 78 mAh/g for CeMgNi 4 compound. NdMgNi 4 compound could store 3.5 H/M of hydrogen under 2.5 MPa at 298 K, whilst it is difficult to absorb hydrogen at a higher temperature (473 K).

Published
2007

47. Restraint Method Research for Coupling Random Error Based on High Dimensional Data Set Multiscale Analysis

Author

X.G. Pan, Y.Y. Jiao, J.Q. Wang, C.E. Xiao, X.Y. Zhou, and Z.M. Wang

Subjects
Coupling, Set (abstract data type), Clustering high-dimensional data, Wavelet, Computer science, Random error, Algorithm, Simulation
Abstract

For coupling random error, a new method based on multiscale analysis on high dimensional data set is advanced in this paper. It is extends traditional wavelet to high dimensional data set and does multiscale analysis, so that the information in the multi-measure data can be used better. The step of the restraint algorithm is given. Finally, simulated ship attitude data is used to verify the new method. The results show that the three angles in ship attitude are coupling and the method proposed in this paper is valid, which can get a better restraining result than traditional wavelet method. Keywords-coupling error; restraint; high dimensional data set; multiscale; ship attitude

Published
2015

48. Phase relationship in the Fe-Pt-Pr ternary system at 500°C

Author

H.Y. Zhou, Gang Cheng, J. Ren, Z.F. Gu, and Z.M. Wang

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, Ternary numeral system, Scanning electron microscope, Mechanical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Binary compound, Isothermal process, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, Spectroscopy, Ternary operation, Solid solution
Abstract

The phase relationship in the Fe-Pt-Pr ternary system at 500°C was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersion spectroscopy techniques. The 500°C isothermal section consists of 13 single-phase regions, 23 two-phase regions and 11 three-phase regions. At 500°C, the maximum solid solubility of Pt in α-Fe is about 10 at.% and Fe in Pt is about 18 at.%; the maximum solubilities of Pr in α-(Fe,Pt), Fe3Pt, FePt, FePt3 and (Pt,Fe) (the solid solution of Fe in Pt) are about 6 at.% 1.5 at.% 2 at.%, 2.5 at.% and 1.5 at.%, respectively. No Pr3Pt4 binary compound and new ternary compounds were found.

Published
2006

49. Hadronization geometry from net-charge angular correlations on momentum subspace (η,ϕ) in Au–Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV

Author

J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, S.K. Badyal, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, A. Bellingeri-Laurikainen, R. Bellwied, J. Berger, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bharadwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, V.S. Bhatia, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, A. Billmeier, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, S.-L. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, A. Boucham, J. Bouchet, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, J.H. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, H.A. Choi, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, M.R. Cosentino, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M. Daugherity, M.M. de Moura, T.G. Dedovich, M. DePhillips, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, A.K. Dubey, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, J. Faivre, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, K.S.F. Fornazier, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, H. Gos, O. Grachov, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, N. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, D. Hardtke, J.W. Harris, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, M.J. Horner, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, M. Jedynak, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, V.Yu. Khodyrev, B.C. Kim, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, J. Klay, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, K.L. Kowalik, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, R.Kh. Kutuev, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, C.-H. Lee, S. Lehocka, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, J. Liu, L. Liu, Q.J. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, J.N. Marx, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. McClain, T.S. McShane, F. Meissner, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, S.K. Nayak, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, O. Ravel, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J.G. Reid, J. Reinnarth, G. Renault, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, M.J. Russcher, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, I. Savin, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, P. Seyboth, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, W. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, K.E. Shestermanov, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, M. Sumbera, B. Surrow, M. Swanger, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, G. Van Buren, N. van der Kolk, M. van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.M. Wang, H. Ward, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Z.Z. Xu, E. Yamamoto, P. Yepes, I.-K. Yoo, V.I. Yurevich, I. Zborovsky, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, C. Zhong, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, A.N. Zubarev, and J.X. Zuo

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Angular difference, Geometry, 01 natural sciences, Hadronization, Azimuth, Nuclear physics, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, Transverse momentum, Beam direction, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Subspace topology
Abstract

We present the first measurements of charge-dependent correlations on angular difference variables η 1 − η 2 (pseudorapidity) and ϕ 1 − ϕ 2 (azimuth) for primary charged hadrons with transverse momentum 0.15 ⩽ p t ⩽ 2 GeV / c and | η | ⩽ 1.3 from Au–Au collisions at s N N = 130 GeV . We observe correlation structures not predicted by theory but consistent with evolution of hadron emission geometry with increasing centrality from one-dimensional fragmentation of color strings along the beam direction to an at least two-dimensional hadronization geometry along the beam and azimuth directions of a hadron-opaque bulk medium.

Published
2006

50. Pion, kaon, proton and anti-proton transverse momentum distributions from p+p and d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

Author

J. Adams, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, J. Amonett, B.D. Anderson, D. Arkhipkin, G.S. Averichev, S.K. Badyal, Y. Bai, J. Balewski, O. Barannikova, L.S. Barnby, J. Baudot, S. Bekele, V.V. Belaga, R. Bellwied, J. Berger, B.I. Bezverkhny, S. Bharadwaj, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, V.S. Bhatia, H. Bichsel, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, A. Billmeier, L.C. Bland, C.O. Blyth, B.E. Bonner, M. Botje, A. Boucham, A.V. Brandin, A. Bravar, M. Bystersky, R.V. Cadman, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, J. Castillo, O. Catu, D. Cebra, Z. Chajecki, P. Chaloupka, S. Chattopadhyay, H.F. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Cheng, M. Cherney, A. Chikanian, W. Christie, J.P. Coffin, T.M. Cormier, J.G. Cramer, H.J. Crawford, D. Das, S. Das, M.M. de Moura, A.A. Derevschikov, L. Didenko, T. Dietel, S.M. Dogra, W.J. Dong, X. Dong, J.E. Draper, F. Du, A.K. Dubey, V.B. Dunin, J.C. Dunlop, M.R. Dutta Mazumdar, V. Eckardt, W.R. Edwards, L.G. Efimov, V. Emelianov, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, B. Erazmus, M. Estienne, P. Fachini, J. Faivre, R. Fatemi, J. Fedorisin, K. Filimonov, P. Filip, E. Finch, V. Fine, Y. Fisyak, K. Fomenko, J. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, L. Gaillard, J. Gans, M.S. Ganti, L. Gaudichet, F. Geurts, V. Ghazikhanian, P. Ghosh, J.E. Gonzalez, O. Grachov, O. Grebenyuk, D. Grosnick, S.M. Guertin, Y. Guo, A. Gupta, T.D. Gutierrez, T.J. Hallman, A. Hamed, D. Hardtke, J.W. Harris, M. Heinz, T.W. Henry, S. Hepplemann, B. Hippolyte, A. Hirsch, E. Hjort, G.W. Hoffmann, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, E.W. Hughes, T.J. Humanic, G. Igo, A. Ishihara, P. Jacobs, W.W. Jacobs, M. Janik, H. Jiang, P.G. Jones, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, K. Kang, M. Kaplan, D. Keane, V.Yu. Khodyrev, J. Kiryluk, A. Kisiel, E.M. Kislov, J. Klay, S.R. Klein, D.D. Koetke, T. Kollegger, M. Kopytine, L. Kotchenda, M. Kramer, P. Kravtsov, V.I. Kravtsov, K. Krueger, C. Kuhn, A.I. Kulikov, A. Kumar, R.Kh. Kutuev, A.A. Kuznetsov, M.A.C. Lamont, J.M. Landgraf, S. Lange, F. Laue, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, S. Lehocka, M.J. LeVine, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Li, G. Lin, S.J. Lindenbaum, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, L. Liu, Q.J. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, H. Long, R.S. Longacre, M. Lopez-Noriega, W.A. Love, Y. Lu, T. Ludlam, D. Lynn, G.L. Ma, J.G. Ma, Y.G. Ma, D. Magestro, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, R. Majka, L.K. Mangotra, R. Manweiler, S. Margetis, C. Markert, L. Martin, J.N. Marx, H.S. Matis, Yu.A. Matulenko, C.J. McClain, T.S. McShane, F. Meissner, Yu. Melnick, A. Meschanin, M.L. Miller, N.G. Minaev, C. Mironov, A. Mischke, D.K. Mishra, J. Mitchell, B. Mohanty, L. Molnar, C.F. Moore, D.A. Morozov, M.G. Munhoz, B.K. Nandi, S.K. Nayak, T.K. Nayak, J.M. Nelson, P.K. Netrakanti, V.A. Nikitin, L.V. Nogach, S.B. Nurushev, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, V. Okorokov, M. Oldenburg, D. Olson, S.K. Pal, Y. Panebratsev, S.Y. Panitkin, A.I. Pavlinov, T. Pawlak, T. Peitzmann, V. Perevoztchikov, C. Perkins, W. Peryt, V.A. Petrov, S.C. Phatak, R. Picha, M. Planinic, J. Pluta, N. Porile, J. Porter, A.M. Poskanzer, M. Potekhin, E. Potrebenikova, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, D. Prindle, C. Pruneau, J. Putschke, G. Rakness, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, O. Ravel, R.L. Ray, S.V. Razin, D. Reichhold, J.G. Reid, G. Renault, F. Retiere, A. Ridiger, H.G. Ritter, J.B. Roberts, O.V. Rogachevskiy, J.L. Romero, A. Rose, C. Roy, L. Ruan, R. Sahoo, I. Sakrejda, S. Salur, J. Sandweiss, M. Sarsour, I. Savin, P.S. Sazhin, J. Schambach, R.P. Scharenberg, N. Schmitz, K. Schweda, J. Seger, P. Seyboth, E. Shahaliev, M. Shao, W. Shao, M. Sharma, W.Q. Shen, K.E. Shestermanov, S.S. Shimanskiy, E. Sichtermann, F. Simon, R.N. Singaraju, G. Skoro, N. Smirnov, R. Snellings, G. Sood, P. Sorensen, J. Sowinski, J. Speltz, H.M. Spinka, B. Srivastava, A. Stadnik, T.D.S. Stanislaus, R. Stock, A. Stolpovsky, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, E. Sugarbaker, C. Suire, M. Sumbera, B. Surrow, T.J.M. Symons, A. Szanto de Toledo, P. Szarwas, A. Tai, J. Takahashi, A.H. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, D. Thein, J.H. Thomas, S. Timoshenko, M. Tokarev, T.A. Trainor, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, O.D. Tsai, J. Ulery, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, A. Urkinbaev, G. Van Buren, M. van Leeuwen, A.M. Vander Molen, R. Varma, I.M. Vasilevski, A.N. Vasiliev, R. Vernet, S.E. Vigdor, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, M. Vznuzdaev, W.T. Waggoner, F. Wang, G. Wang, X.L. Wang, Y. Wang, Z.M. Wang, H. Ward, J.W. Watson, J.C. Webb, R. Wells, G.D. Westfall, A. Wetzler, C. Whitten, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wood, J. Wu, N. Xu, Z. Xu, Z.Z. Xu, E. Yamamoto, P. Yepes, V.I. Yurevich, Y.V. Zanevsky, H. Zhang, W.M. Zhang, Z.P. Zhang, R. Zoulkarneev, Y. Zoulkarneeva, and A.N. Zubarev

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Baryon, Nuclear physics, Pion, Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Bar (unit)
Abstract

Identified mid-rapidity particle spectra of pi(+/-), K+/-, and p((p) over bar) from 200 GeV p + p and d + Au collisions are reported. A time-of-flight detector based on multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology is used for particle identification. The particle-species dependence of the Cronin effect is observed to be significantly smaller than that at lower energies. The ratio of the nuclear modification factor (R-dAu) between protons (p + (p) over bar) and charged hadrons (h) in the transverse momentum range 1.2 < p(T) < 3.0 GeV/c is measured to be 1.19 +/- 0.05(stat) +/- 0.03(syst) in minimum-bias collisions and shows little centrality dependence. The yield ratio of (p + (p) over bar)/h in minimum-bias d + Au collisions is found to be a factor of 2 lower than that in Au + Au collisions, indicating that the Cronin effect alone is not enough to account for the relative baryon enhancement observed in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2005

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