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1. A gridded dataset of consumptive water footprints, evaporation, transpiration, and associated benchmarks related to crop production in China during 2000–2018

Author

W. Wang, L. Zhuo, X. Ji, Z. Yue, Z. Li, M. Li, H. Zhang, R. Gao, C. Yan, P. Zhang, and P. Wu

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Evapotranspiration over crop growth period, also referred to as the consumptive water footprint of crop production (WFCP), is an essential component of the hydrological cycle. However, the existing high-resolution consumptive WFCP datasets do not distinguish between soil evaporation and crop transpiration and disregard the impacts of different irrigation practices. This restricts the practical implementation of existing WFCP datasets for precise crop water productivity assessments, agricultural water-saving evaluations, the development of sustainable irrigation techniques, cropping structure optimization, and crop-related interregional virtual water trade analysis. This study establishes a 5-arcmin gridded dataset of monthly green and blue WFCP, evaporation, transpiration, and associated unit WFCP benchmarks for 21 crops grown in China during 2000–2018. The data simulation was based on calibrated AquaCrop modelling under furrow-, sprinkler-, and micro-irrigated as well as rainfed conditions. Data quality was validated by comparing the current results with multiple public datasets and remote sensing products. The improved gridded WFCP dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7756013 (Wang et al., 2023) and effectively compensated for the gaps in the existing datasets through (i) revealing the intensity, structure, and spatiotemporal evolution of both productive and non-productive blue and green water consumption on a monthly scale, and (ii) including crop-by-crop unit WFCP benchmarks according to climatic zones.

Published
2023
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2. Magnetic moments of thallium isotopes in the vicinity of magic N = 126

Author

Z. Yue, A.N. Andreyev, A.E. Barzakh, I.N. Borzov, J.G. Cubiss, A. Algora, M. Au, M. Balogh, S. Bara, R.A. Bark, C. Bernerd, M.J.G. Borge, D. Brugnara, K. Chrysalidis, T.E. Cocolios, H. De Witte, Z. Favier, L.M. Fraile, H.O.U. Fynbo, A. Gottardo, R. Grzywacz, R. Heinke, A. Illana, P.M. Jones, D.S. Judson, A. Korgul, U. Köster, M. Labiche, L. Le, R. Lica, M. Madurga, N. Marginean, B. Marsh, C. Mihai, E. Nácher, C. Neacsu, C. Nita, B. Olaizola, J.N. Orce, C.A.A. Page, R.D. Page, J. Pakarinen, P. Papadakis, G. Penyazkov, A. Perea, M. Piersa-Siłkowska, Zs. Podolyák, S.D. Prosnyak, E. Reis, S. Rothe, M. Sedlak, L.V. Skripnikov, C. Sotty, S. Stegemann, O. Tengblad, S.V. Tolokonnikov, J.M. Udías, P. Van Duppen, N. Warr, and W. Wojtaczka

Subjects
Laser spectroscopy, Hyperfine structure, Magnetic dipole moments, Theory of finite Fermi systems, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The magnetic dipole moments (μ) of 209Tlg (N=128) and 207Tlm (N=126) have been measured for the first time using the in-source laser resonance-ionization spectroscopy technique with the Laser Ion Source and Trap (LIST) at ISOLDE (CERN). The application of the LIST suppresses the usually overwhelming background of the isobaric francium isotopes and allows access to heavy thallium isotopes with A⩾207. The self-consistent theory of finite Fermi systems based on the energy density functional by Fayans et al. well describes the N dependence of μ for 1/2+ thallium ground states, as well as μ for the 11/2− isomeric states in europium, gold and thallium isotopes. The inclusion of particle-vibration coupling leads to a better agreement between the theory and experiment for μ(Tlg, Iπ=1/2+). It is shown that beyond mean-field contributions to μ cannot be neglected at least for thallium isotopes with Iπ=1/2+.

Published
2024
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3. Spatiotemporal responses of the crop water footprint and its associated benchmarks under different irrigation regimes to climate change scenarios in China

Author

Z. Yue, X. Ji, L. Zhuo, W. Wang, Z. Li, and P. Wu

Subjects
Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Adaptation to future climate change with limited water resources is a major global challenge to sustainable and sufficient crop production. However, the large-scale responses of the crop water footprint and its associated benchmarks under various irrigation regimes to future climate change scenarios remain unclear. The present study quantified the responses of the maize and wheat water footprint (WF) per unit yield (m3 t−1) as well as the corresponding WF benchmarks under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2080s at a 5 arcmin grid level in China. The AquaCrop model with the outputs of six global climate models from Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) as its input data was used to simulate the WFs of maize and wheat. The differences among rain-fed wheat and maize and furrow-, micro-, and sprinkler-irrigated wheat and maize were identified. Compared with the baseline year (2013), the maize WF will increase under both RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 (by 17 % and 13 %, respectively) until the 2080s. The wheat WF will increase under RCP2.6 (by 12 % until the 2080s) and decrease (by 12 %) under RCP8.5 until the 2080s, with a higher increase in the wheat yield and a decrease in the wheat WF due to the higher CO2 concentration in 2080s under RCP8.5. The WF will increase the most for rain-fed crops. Relative to rain-fed crops, micro-irrigation and sprinkler irrigation result in the smallest increases in the WF for maize and wheat, respectively. These water-saving management techniques will mitigate the negative impact of climate change more effectively. The WF benchmarks for maize and wheat in the humid zone (an approximate overall average of 680 m3 t−1 for maize and 873 m3 t−1 for wheat at the 20th percentile) are 13 %–32 % higher than those in the arid zone (which experiences an overall average of 601 m3 t−1 for maize and 753 m3 t−1 for wheat). The differences in the WF benchmarks among various irrigation regimes are more significant in the arid zone, where they can be as high as 57 % for the 20th percentile: WF benchmarks of 1020 m3 t−1 for sprinkler-irrigated wheat and 648 m3 t−1 for micro-irrigated wheat. Nevertheless, the WF benchmarks will not respond to climate changes as dramatically as the WF in the same area, especially in areas with limited agricultural development. The present study demonstrated that the observed different responses to climate change in terms of crop water consumption, water use efficiency, and WF benchmarks under different irrigation regimes cannot be ignored. It also lays the foundation for future investigations into the influences of irrigation methods, RCPs, and crop types on the WF and its benchmarks in response to climate change in all agricultural regions worldwide.

Published
2022
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4. APPLICATIONS OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES IN CHANG’E-4 MISSION

Author

K. Di, Z. Liu, W. Wan, S. Gou, T. Yu, J. Wang, L. Li, C. Liu, B. Liu, M. Peng, Y. Wang, Z. Yue, X. He, and S. Liu

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

This paper presents a brief overview of photogrammetry and remote sensing technologies and applications in the Chang’e-4 mission. The developed technologies, such as image matching, block adjustment, 3D mapping, spectral analysis and mineral retrieval, have been applied in topographic mapping, rover localization, and rover path planning, and directly supported daily surface operations of the Yutu-2 rover. The technologies and products have also been supportive in various scientific investigations, such as topographic evolution of Von Kármán crater, multi-scale crater morphologies, mineral composition of lunar deep materials, regolith maturity and space weathering effects, etc.

Published
2022
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5. TOPOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF CHANG’E-4 LANDING SITE USING ORBITAL, DESCENT AND GROUND DATA

Author

K. Di, Z. Liu, B. Liu, W. Wan, M. Peng, J. Li, J. Xie, M. Jia, S. Niu, X. Xin, L. Li, J. Wang, Z. Yue, S. Gou, Y. Wang, R. Wang, J. Liu, Z. Bo, C. Liu, T. Yu, L. Xi, and Y. Miao

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

The Chang’e-4 (CE-4) probe, which includes a lander and a rover, was successfully landed in Von Kármán crater inside the South Pole-Aitken basin on January 3, 2019. Landing site mapping and topographic analyses have been performed at different scales using orbital, descent and ground data to support mission operations and various scientific investigations. We produced a 0.9 m-resolution seamless digital orthophoto map (DOM) mosaic of the CE-4 landing site region covering 51 km × 30 km using 100 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow-Angle Camera (NAC) images. Within an area of 3.2 km × 3.0 km of the the DOM around the lander, more than 11,000 craters with diameter greater than 5 m have been identified and measured. A 0.03 m- resolution DOM, which covers an area of 211 m × 187 m, was generated using descent images, and has been used as one of the base maps for overall rover traverse planning. During surface operations, local DEMs with 0.02 m resolution are routinely produced and topographic analysis have been performed at each waypoint using Navcam images and at some locations using Pancam images, to support waypoint-to-waypoint path planning, science target selection and scientific investigations.

Published
2019
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6. AUTOMATED DETECTION OF LUNAR RIDGES BASED ON DEM DATA

Author

M. Peng, Y. Wang, Z. Yue, and K. Di

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

Wrinkle ridges are a common feature in the lunar maria and record subsequent contraction of mare infill. Automatic detection of wrinkle ridges is challenging because the ridges are of irregular shapes and many ridges have been eroded and/or degraded over time. The proposed method consists of the following steps. First, as the slope can reflect the gradient changes of the ridge rims to a certain extent, the slope map is generated and converted to a grayscale (0–255) image. Then the phase symmetry of the slope map is calculated with filter wavelength and filter scales parameters, which reduce the regions into symmetry regions. Next, a regional threshold is applied to limit the ridge candidates. Candidates with values less than the threshold are rejected. Moreover, the images are processed using a series of morphological operations, such as close, open, edge linking and noise removal. Finally, after thresholding the ridge map can be obtained. An experiment was performed using Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) WAC image and topographic data from LOLA, the results demonstrate promising performance with detection percentage from 73 to 90.

Published
2019
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7. HIGH PRECISION DTM AND DOM GENERATING USING MULTI-SOURCE ORBITAL DATA ON CHANG’E-4 LANDING SITE

Author

B. Liu, S. Niu, X. Xin, M. Jia, K. Di, Z. Liu, M. Peng, and Z. Yue

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

Chang’e-4 (CE-4) has successfully soft landed in Von Kármán crater inside the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin at 10:26 am on January 3, 2019. High precision landing site mapping plays an essential role in mission operations and science applications before and after landing. In this paper, we propose a novel method for generating the highest resolution and the best precision Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) of the CE-4 landing area using available multi-source data. First, the CE-2 DTM is co-registered to SLDEM2015. Then the vertical inconsistencies of the co-registered DTMs are analysed and the biases of CE-2 DTM with respect to SLDEM2015 are erased. Finally, a new DTM with more information and better precision is generated by fusion of the co-registered DTMs. Using the new DTM as a reference, a seamless DOM is generated based on block adjustment of projected imagery, which can reduce the inconsistencies among the corrected images to sub-pixel level. As a result, a DTM of the Von Kármán crater area ( 42º S–48° S/172º E–180° E) and a seamless DOM covering an area of 2.3° in longitude and 1° in latitude with a ground sample distance of 0.9 m are generated using the developed method.

Published
2019
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8. VISION BASED OBSTACLE DETECTION USING ROVER STEREO IMAGES

Author

Y. Wang, M. Peng, K. Di, W. Wan, Z. Liu, Z. Yue, Y. Xing, X. Mao, and B. Teng

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

Vision based obstacle detection using stereo images is an essential way for hazard avoidance and path planning in planetary rover missions. However, due to light condition changes and topographic relief, only partial or sparse three-dimensional points may be derived by image matching and triangulation reconstruction, which is not sufficient for recognizing obstacles. In this paper, we developed a strategy to detect obstacles using rover stereo images by combining both image grayscale information and sparse 3D point information. Experiments were carried out using stereo images captured by navigation cameras mounted on the Yutu rover of Chang’e-3 mission. Moreover, how obstacle localization accuracy affected by the parameters are analysed and discussed.

Published
2019
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9. REMOTE SENSING OBSERVATIONS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR MARTIAN LAYERED EJECTA CRATERS

Author

L. Li, Z. Yue, C. Zhang, and D. Li

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

To understand past Martian climates, it is important to know the distribution and nature of water ice on Mars. Impact craters are widely used ubiquitous indicators for the presence of subsurface water or ice on Mars. Remote sensing observations and numerical simulation are powerful tools for investigating morphological and topographic features on planetary surfaces, and we can use the morphology of layered ejecta craters and hydrocode modeling to constrain possible layering and impact environments. The approach of this work consists of three stages：Firstly, the morphological characteristics of the Martian layered ejecta craters are performed based on Martian images and DEM data. Secondly, numerical modeling layered ejecta are performed through the hydrocode iSALE (impact-SALE). We present hydrocode modeling of impacts onto targets with a single icy layer within an otherwise uniform basalt crust to quantify the effects of subsurface H2O on observable layered ejecta morphologies. The model setup is based on a layered target made up of a regolithic layer (described by the basalt ANEOS), on top an ice layer (described by ANEOS equation of H2O ice), in turn on top of an underlying basaltic crust. The bolide is a 0.8 km diameter basaltic asteroid hitting the Martian surface vertically at a velocity of 12.8 km/s. Finally, the numerical results are compared with the MOLA DEM profile in order to analyze the formation mechanism of Martian layered ejecta craters. Our simulations suggest that the presence of an icy layer significantly modifies the cratering mechanics, and many of the unusual features of SLE craters may be explained by the presence of icy layers. Impact cratering on icy satellites is significantly affected by the presence of subsurface H2O.

Published
2018
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10. HIGH RESOLUTION SEAMLESS DOM GENERATION OVER CHANG'E-5 LANDING AREA USING LROC NAC IMAGES

Author

K. Di, M. Jia, X. Xin, B. Liu, Z. Liu, M. Peng, and Z. Yue

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

Chang’e-5, China’s first sample return lunar mission, will be launched in 2019, and the planned landing area is near Mons Rümker in Oceanus Procellarum. High-resolution and high-precision mapping of the landing area is of great importance for supporting scientific analysis and safe landing. This paper proposes a systematic method for large area seamless digital orthophoto map (DOM) generation, and presents the mapping result of Chang’e-5 landing area using over 700 LROC NAC images. The developed method mainly consists of two stages of data processing: stage 1 includes subarea block adjustment with rational function model (RFM) and seamless subarea DOM generation; stage 2 includes whole area adjustment through registration of the subarea DOMs with thin plate spline model and seamless DOM mosaicking. The resultant seamless DOM coves a large area (20° longitude × 4° latitude) and is tied to the widely used reference DEM – SLDEM2015. As a result, the RMS errors of the tie points are all around half pixel in image space, indicating a high internal precision; the RMS errors of the control points are about one grid cell size of SLDEM2015, indicating that the resultant DOM is tied to SLDEM2015 well.

Published
2018
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11. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE HYPOTHESES FOR FORMATION OF THE PLATY-RIDGED-POLYGONIZED TERRAIN IN ELYSIUM PLANITIA, MARS

Author

Z. Yue, S. Gou, G. Michael, K. Di, H. Xie, H. Gong, and Y. Shao

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

The origin of the platy-ridged-polygonized (PRP) terrains on Martian surface has long been debated. The terrain has generally been classified as water, pack ice, or basalt lava related flow. The crater counting results of the PRP terrains suggest they are geologically very young; therefore, they are significant in understanding the recent evolution of Mars. This work evaluated the current hypotheses through detailed analysis of the distribution and microtopographies with the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images for the PRP terrains in Elysium Planitia, Mars. Quantitative measurements and statistics of the typical features of the PRP terrains were also made. In addition, we also found an analog site in Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China. Our results suggest that mud flow is responsible for the formation of the PRP terrains on the Mars surface, although the hypothesis of low-viscosity basalt lava floods cannot be completely excluded. This finding implies that a regional environment suitable for liquid water may have existed in recent geologic time, which has great importance for future Mars scientific exploration.

Published
2017
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12. IMAGE-GUIDED NON-LOCAL DENSE MATCHING WITH THREE-STEPS OPTIMIZATION

Author

X. Huang, Y. Zhang, and Z. Yue

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

This paper introduces a new image-guided non-local dense matching algorithm that focuses on how to solve the following problems: 1) mitigating the influence of vertical parallax to the cost computation in stereo pairs; 2) guaranteeing the performance of dense matching in homogeneous intensity regions with significant disparity changes; 3) limiting the inaccurate cost propagated from depth discontinuity regions; 4) guaranteeing that the path between two pixels in the same region is connected; and 5) defining the cost propagation function between the reliable pixel and the unreliable pixel during disparity interpolation. This paper combines the Census histogram and an improved histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature together as the cost metrics, which are then aggregated based on a new iterative non-local matching method and the semi-global matching method. Finally, new rules of cost propagation between the valid pixels and the invalid pixels are defined to improve the disparity interpolation results. The results of our experiments using the benchmarks and the Toronto aerial images from the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) show that the proposed new method can outperform most of the current state-of-the-art stereo dense matching methods.

Published
2016
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13. High-resolution (375 m) cloud microstructure as seen from the NPP/VIIRS satellite imager

Author

D. Rosenfeld, G. Liu, X. Yu, Y. Zhu, J. Dai, X. Xu, and Z. Yue

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite), onboard the Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) satellite, has an improved resolution of 750 m with respect to the 1000 m of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer for the channels that allow retrieving cloud microphysical parameters such as cloud drop effective radius (re). VIIRS also has an imager with five channels of double resolution of 375 m, which was not designed for retrieving cloud products. A methodology for a high-resolution retrieval of re and microphysical presentation of the cloud field based on the VIIRS imager was developed and evaluated with respect to MODIS in this study. The tripled microphysical resolution with respect to MODIS allows obtaining new insights for cloud–aerosol interactions, especially at the smallest cloud scales, because the VIIRS imager can resolve the small convective elements that are sub-pixel for MODIS cloud products. Examples are given for new insights into ship tracks in marine stratocumulus, pollution tracks from point and diffused sources in stratocumulus and cumulus clouds over land, deep tropical convection in pristine air mass over ocean and land, tropical clouds that develop in smoke from forest fires and in heavy pollution haze over densely populated regions in southeastern Asia, and for pyro-cumulonimbus clouds. It is found that the VIIRS imager provides more robust physical interpretation and refined information for cloud and aerosol microphysics as compared to MODIS, especially in the initial stage of cloud formation. VIIRS is found to identify significantly more fully cloudy pixels when small boundary layer convective elements are present. This, in turn, allows for a better quantification of cloud–aerosol interactions and impacts on precipitation-forming processes.

Published
2014
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14. CROSSOVER ANALYSIS OF CHANG'E-1 LASER ALTIMETER DATA

Author

W. Hu, Z. Yue, and K. Di

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

This paper presents a preliminary result of crossover analysis and adjustment of Chang'E-1(CE-1) Laser Altimeter (LAM) data of the Moon for global and regional mapping applications. During the operation of Chang'E-1 from November 28, 2007 to December 4, 2008, the laser altimeter acquired 1400 orbital profiles with about 9.12 million altimetric points. In our experiment, we derived more than 1.38 million crossovers from 1395 ground tracks covering the entire lunar surface after eliminating outliers of orbits and altimetric points. A method of least-squares crossover adjustment with a series of basis functions of time (trigonometric functions and polynomials) is developed to reconcile the LAM data by minimizing the crossover residuals globally. The normal equations are very large but sparse; therefore they are stored and solved using sparse matrix technique. In a test area (0°N~60°N, 50°W~0°W), the crossover residuals are reduced from 62.1m to 32.8m, and the quality of the DEM generated from the adjusted LAM data is improved accordingly. We will optimize the method for the global adjustment to generate a high precision consistent global DEM, which can be used as absolute control for lunar mapping with orbital images.

Published
2012
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15. Synergistic effect of alloying elements doping and external pressure on the elastic property of Ni3Al: A first-principles study

Author

C. Li, J. Shang, L. Kou, and Z. Yue

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In this paper, the basic electronic structures and elastic properties of Ni3Al doping with alloying elements (Re, Cr, and Mo) under different pressures have been investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. It is shown that both alloying elements and external applied pressure contribute positively to the elastic properties of Ni3Al, and the configurations of the compounds remain almost unchanged. The calculated elastic constants and moduli increase linearly with the pressure increasing from 0 and 40 GPa. Among the alloying elements studied in the present work, Re exhibits the most significant effect compared with the other elements, showing its practical importance. Especially, if both alloying elements doping and pressure effects are considered simultaneously, which has not been considered previously, the studied compounds exhibit an even better elastic property than the simple superposition of the two influences. Such synergistic effect demonstrates promising applications of Ni-based single crystal superalloys in possible extreme mechanical environments.

Published
2015
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18. Effect of Saturation Condition on the Mechanical Performance of Mine Backfill Material

Author

Y. Z. Yue Zhao, A. T. Abbas Taheri, L. G. Lijie Guo, M. K. Murat Karakus, and A. D. An Deng

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Backfilling has increasingly been used to fill the mined cavities in underground mine operations, to reuse tailings in underground mines. Influence factors of mine backfills’ mechanical performance have been widely studied over the past few decades to minimize operating costs and superior mechanical support for underground exploration. However, additional work is required to consider more realistic conditions of in-situ backfill stope, such as the drainage of initially saturated backfill and the interference of surrounding underground water, which may lead to the variation of backfill stope saturation condition. A series of triaxial compression tests under various confining pressures for compacted backfill samples were carried out at designed matric suction values (0kPa, 50 kPa, 200 kPa, 400 kPa, and 600 kPa) to predict the influence of post-desiccation and post-saturation on in-situ backfill stope. Overall, with the increase of matric suction, the unsaturated specimens were found to have a higher peak deviator stress than saturated specimens for any given confining pressure and thus led to improved mechanical performance. The cohesion and friction angles show a linear relationship concerning the matric suction. 1. INTRODUCTION Mine tailings, deposited after minerals have been extracted, are the largest source of waste in mine processing. Approximately 14 billion tons of tailings were produced globally by the mining industry in 2010 (Behera et al. 2021; Jones and Boger 2012; Naganathan et al. 2012; Zhao et al. 2018). Tailings have been traditionally deposited into tailings storage facilities associated with severe environmental, geotechnical, and economic concerns (Dold 2014; Franks et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2016). Backfill technology has increasingly been used to fill the mined cavities in underground mine operations to reuse tailings in underground mines (Fall et al. 2010; Sivakugan et al. 2006; Zhang et al. 2012). Backfill material generally consists of tailings, none or a low proportion of cementitious binders to form a high-density slurry with none setting character to be gravity transferred or pumped to underground mine voids. Backfill recycles processed tailings into underground mined voids, which reduces the volume that needs to be surface-disposed. Using backfill thus mitigates the potential environmental impacts associated with tailings disposal and assists waste management (Fall et al. 2010; Kesimal et al. 2004; Tang et al. 2021; Zhao et al. 2021). These refilled backfills can then perform as both the support system and working platform for further ore extraction (Grabinsky et al. 2021; Ouattara et al. 2017; Sivakugan et al. 2015). Over the past few decades, backfill technology has been increasingly applied to revive mined cavities in underground mine operations, owing to its low operating costs as well as its superior mechanical performance compared with other backfilling methods (Fall and Pokharel 2010; Xu et al. 2018; Zhao et al. 2019).

Published
2022

19. Atomistic study on the anomalous temperature-dependent dynamic tensile strength of ice under shock loading

Author

J. Z. Yue, Chenguang Huang, Kailu Xiao, Y. Y. Chen, Xianqian Wu, and Q. Y. Yin

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Uniaxial compression, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Shock (mechanics), Molecular dynamics, Compressive strength, 0103 physical sciences, Ultimate tensile strength, Mechanical strength, Crystallite, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Although the compressive strength of ice under both quasi-static [M. Arakawa and N. Maeno, Mechanical strength of polycrystalline ice under uniaxial compression. Cold Reg. Sci. Tech 26 (1997), pp. ...

Published
2021

21. Numerical and experimental study on the behavior of vortex rings generated by shock–bubble interaction

Author

K. Kitamura, Z. Yue, T. Fujimoto, H. Asai, A. Kubota, M. Myokan, D. Ichihara, and A. Sasoh

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Computational Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

In this study, three-dimensional numerical simulations and experiments of the interaction between a normal shock and bubbles generated by the repetitive energy depositions of a laser pulse in a Mach 1.92 flow was conducted. As a result of the shock–bubble interaction, a vortex ring, caused by a baroclinic effect, was generated. Owing to the self-induced velocity field, the advection velocity of the vortex rings decreased with increasing laser pulse energy. In the experiments, when interactions among the vortex rings became strong, separations in transverse directions between adjacent bubbles were induced. This was reproduced through numerical simulations by imposing an artificial disturbance in the initial positions of the bubbles, i.e., by 5% of the bubble diameter in a transversal direction. The asymmetric behaviors of a row of vortex rings were classified into three patterns based on the ratio of the distance between the vortex rings to the size of the vortex rings ( λ: inverse Strouhal number). In pattern 1, with λ >2.9, there was negligible interference between the vortex rings because the interval of the vortex rings was sufficiently large. In pattern 2, with λ = 0.97–1.2, separation in the vortex-ring rows appeared, and the separation angle increased as λ decreased. In pattern 3, with λ

Published
2022

22. [Pituicytoma: a clinicopathological analysis of twenty-one cases]

Author

X, Feng, W, Bao, X, Wang, Q, Rao, Q L, Shi, and Z, Yue

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Glioma, Middle Aged, Immunohistochemistry, Craniopharyngioma, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Pituitary Neoplasms, Child, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Published
2022

23. [Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 49 newly diagnosed primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]

Author

J, Song, H, Liu, H L, Shen, L Z, Yue, X J, Yang, W J, Song, C Y, Sun, S Z, Yu, K, Ding, Y H, Wang, L J, Li, H, Yu, Y Y, Shao, C M, Wang, S Y, Yue, and R, Fu

Subjects
Central Nervous System, 淋巴瘤，大B细胞，弥漫性, 中枢神经系统, 预后, Prognosis, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, 论著, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, Lymphoma, large B cell, diffuse, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse, 布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶, Aged, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

目的 回顾性分析原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤中弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（PCNSL-DLBCL）患者的临床特征及不同治疗方案对患者生存及预后的影响。 方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学总医院自2014年7月至2020年12月收治的49例PCNSL-DLBCL患者的临床资料，根据治疗方案分为MTX组、R-CDOP组、BTKi-R-MTX组和RLZT组，计算各组中位总生存（OS）与无进展生存（PFS）时间，并进行单因素、多因素预后分析，比较各组患者的生存预后。 结果 MTX组、R-CDOP组、BTKi-R-MTX组和RLZT组的中位OS时间分别为16.5个月、4.5个月、42个月和未达到（P

Published
2022

28. U.S. Monetary Policy and International Bond Markets

Author

Egon Zakrajsek, Simon Gilchrist, and Vivian Z. Yue

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 050208 finance, Bond, 05 social sciences, Monetary policy, Monetary economics, Credit rating, Balance (accounting), Sovereignty, Accounting, Quantitative easing, 0502 economics and business, Sovereign credit, Economics, Bond market, 050207 economics, Finance
Abstract

This paper uses high-frequency financial data to analyze the effects of US monetary policy—during the conventional and unconventional policy regimes—on international bonds markets. We focus on yields of dollar-denominated sovereign bonds issued by more than 90 countries since the early 1990s, which allows us to abstract from the policy-induced movements in exchange rates that otherwise confound the response of yields on foreign bonds denominated in local currencies. Our results show that yields on dollar-denominated sovereign debt are highly responsive to unanticipated changes in the stance of US monetary policy during both the conventional and unconventional policy regimes, and that the passthrough of unconventional policy actions to foreign bond yields is, on balance, comparable to that of conventional policy actions. In addition, a conventional US monetary easing leads to a significant narrowing of credit spreads on sovereign bonds issued by countries with a speculative-grade credit rating. During the unconventional policy regime, however, yields on speculative-grade sovereign debt move one-to-one with policy-induced fluctuations in yields on comparable US Treasuries. We also examine whether the response of sovereign credit spreads to US monetary policy differs between policy easings and policy tightenings and find no evidence of such asymmetry. This finding casts doubt on the notion that US monetary easings induce excessive risk-taking in international bond markets.

Published
2019

29. A new transoral modality for the treatment of lingual thyroglossal duct cyst with suspension laryngoscopy by plasma coblation

Author

K Gao, J Han, X Zhou, D Luan, F Xie, Y Li, and Z Yue

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Thyroglossal duct, Blood Loss, Surgical, Electrosurgery, 030230 surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, Otolaryngology, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Cyst, Duct cyst, Mouth, Laryngoscopy, business.industry, Suspension laryngoscopy, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Thyroglossal Cyst, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, business, Transoral surgery
Abstract

Introduction Lingual thyroglossal duct cysts (LTGDC) are a rare kind of thyroglossal duct cyst. However, Sistrunk surgery is not very suitable for this type of cyst. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of transoral excision of LTGDC by plasma coblation. Methods The present study reviewed 11 patients, comprising seven males and four females, who had been diagnosed with LTGDC preoperatively by computed tomography (CT) and fibre-optic electronic laryngoscopy. Of those patients, two had recurrence after surgery of epiglottic cysts. All these patients underwent transoral excision by plasma coblation. Then, we collected preoperative data of the patients, observed the effect of surgery, and analysed factors relevant to LTGDC, including the estimated bleeding amount, postoperative hospitalisation, complications and recurrence rates. Results The connection between LTGDC and hyoid was tapered on sagittal images of CT, which was vital evidence for the diagnosis of LTGDC. Surgery was performed successfully for all 11 patients, and all recovered without complication. There was no evidence of recurrence after surgery, during follow up for 3–43 months. Conclusions Transoral surgery for LTGDC can be performed successfully by plasma coblation, which is an effective and safe surgical treatment. Fibre-optic electronic laryngoscopy and CT are essential to the diagnosis of LTGDC in order to avoid missing detection and misdiagnosis.

Published
2021

30. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

Author

D. KLIONSKY, A. ABDEL-AZIZ, S. ABDELFATAH, M. ABDELLATIF, A. ABDOLI, S. ABEL, H. ABELIOVICH, M. ABILDGAARD, Y. ABUDU, A. ACEVEDO-AROZENA, I. ADAMOPOULOS, K. ADELI, T. ADOLPH, A. ADORNETTO, E. AFLAKI, G. AGAM, A. AGARWAL, B. AGGARWAL, M. AGNELLO, P. AGOSTINIS, J. AGREWALA, A. AGROTIS, P. AGUILAR, S. AHMAD, Z. AHMED, U. AHUMADA-CASTRO, S. AITS, S. AIZAWA, Y. AKKOC, T. AKOUMIANAKI, H. AKPINAR, A. AL-ABD, L. AL-AKRA, A. AL-GHARAIBEH, M. ALAOUI-JAMALI, S. ALBERTI, E. ALCOCER-GOMEZ, C. ALESSANDRI, M. ALI, M. AL-BARI, S. ALIWAINI, J. ALIZADEH, E. ALMACELLAS, A. ALMASAN, A. ALONSO, G. ALONSO, N. ALTAN-BONNET, D. ALTIERI, S. ALVES, C. DA COSTA, M. ALZAHARNA, M. AMADIO, C. AMANTINI, C. AMARAL, S. AMBROSIO, A. AMER, V. AMMANATHAN, Z. AN, S. ANDERSEN, S. ANDRABI, M. ANDRADE-SILVA, A. ANDRES, S. ANGELINI, D. ANN, U. ANOZIE, M. ANSARI, P. ANTAS, A. ANTEBI, Z. ANTON, T. ANWAR, L. APETOH, N. APOSTOLOVA, T. ARAKI, Y. ARAKI, K. ARASAKI, W. ARAUJO, J. ARAYA, C. ARDEN, M. AREVALO, S. ARGUELLES, E. ARIAS, J. ARIKKATH, H. ARIMOTO, A. ARIOSA, D. ARMSTRONG-JAMES, L. ARNAUNE-PELLOQUIN, A. AROCA, D. ARROYO, I. ARSOV, R. ARTERO, D. ASARO, M. ASCHNER, M. ASHRAFIZADEH, O. ASHUR-FABIAN, A. ATANASOV, A. AU, P. AUBERGER, H. AUNER, L. AURELIAN, R. AUTELLI, L. AVAGLIANO, Y. AVALOS, S. AVEIC, C. AVELEIRA, T. AVINWITTENBERG, Y. AYDIN, S. AYTON, S. AYYADEVARA, M. AZZOPARDI, M. BABA, J. BACKER, S. BACKUES, D. BAE, O. BAE, S. BAE, E. BAEHRECKE, A. BAEK, S. BAEK, G. BAGETTA, A. BAGNIEWSKA-ZADWORNA, H. BAI, J. BAI, X. BAI, Y. BAI, N. BAIRAGI, S. BAKSI, T. BALBI, C. BALDARI, W. BALDUINI, A. BALLABIO, M. BALLESTER, S. BALAZADEH, R. BALZAN, R. BANDOPADHYAY, S. BANERJEE, Y. BAO, M. BAPTISTA, A. BARACCA, C. BARBATI, A. BARGIELA, D. BARILA, P. BARLOW, S. BARMADA, E. BARREIRO, G. BARRETO, J. BARTEK, B. BARTEL, A. BARTOLOME, G. BARVE, S. BASAGOUDANAVAR, D. BASSHAM, R. JR, A. BASU, H. BATOKO, I. BATTEN, E. BAULIEU, B. BAUMGARNER, J. BAYRY, R. BEALE, I. BEAU, F. BEAUMATIN, L. BECHARA, G. BECK, M. BEERS, J. BEGUN, C. BEHRENDS, G. BEHRENS, R. BEI, E. BEJARANO, S. BEL, C. BEHL, A. BELAID, N. BELGAREH-TOUZE, C. BELLAROSA, F. BELLEUDI, M. PEREZ, R. BELLO-MORALES, J. BELTRAN, S. BELTRAN, D. BENBROOK, M. BENDORIUS, B. BENITEZ, I. BENITO-CUESTA, J. BENSALEM, M. BERCHTOLD, S. BEREZOWSKA, D. BERGAMASCHI, M. BERGAMI, A. BERGMANN, L. BERLIOCCHI, C. BERLIOZ-TORRENT, A. BERNARD, L. BERTHOUX, C. BESIRLI, S. BESTEIRO, V. BETIN, R. BEYAERT, J. BEZBRADICA, K. BHASKAR, I. BHATIA-KISSOVA, R. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYA, S. BHATTACHARYYA, M. BHUIYAN, S. BHUTIA, L. BI, X. BI, T. BIDEN, K. BIJIAN, V. BILLES, N. BINART, C. BINCOLETTO, A. BIRGISDOTTIR, G. BJORKOY, G. BLANCO, A. BLAS-GARCIA, J. BLASIAK, R. BLOMGRAN, K. BLOMGREN, J. BLUM, E. BOADA-ROMERO, M. BOBAN, K. BOESZEBATTAGLIA, P. BOEUF, B. BOLAND, P. BOMONT, P. BONALDO, S. BONAM, L. BONFILI, J. BONIFACINO, B. BOONE, M. BOOTMAN, M. BORDI, C. BORNER, B. BORNHAUSER, G. BORTHAKUR, J. BOSCH, S. BOSE, L. BOTANA, J. BOTAS, C. BOULANGER, M. BOULTON, M. BOURDENX, B. BOURGEOIS, N. BOURKE, G. BOUSQUET, P. BOYA, P. BOZHKOV, L. BOZI, T. BOZKURT, D. BRACKNEY, C. BRANDTS, R. BRAUN, G. BRAUS, R. BRAVO-SAGUA, J. BRAVO-SAN PEDRO, P. BREST, M. BRINGER, A. BRIONES-HERRERA, V. BROADDUS, P. BRODERSEN, E. ALVAREZ, J. BRODSKY, S. BRODY, P. BRONSON, J. BRONSTEIN, C. BROWN, R. BROWN, P. BRUM, J. BRUMELL, N. BRUNETTI-PIERRI, D. BRUNO, R. BRYSON-RICHARDSON, C. BUCCI, C. BUCHRIESER, M. BUENO, L. BUITRAGO-MOLINA, S. BURASCHI, S. BUCH, J. BUCHAN, E. BUCKINGHAM, H. BUDAK, M. BUDINI, G. BULTYNCK, F. BURADA, J. BURGOYNE, M. BURON, V. BUSTOS, S. BUTTNER, E. BUTTURINI, A. BYRD, I. CABAS, S. CABRERA-BENITEZ, K. CADWELL, J. CAI, L. CAI, Q. CAI, M. CAIRO, J. CALBET, G. CALDWELL, K. CALDWELL, J. CALL, R. CALVANI, A. CALVO, M. BARRERA, N. CAMARA, J. CAMONIS, N. CAMOUGRAND, M. CAMPANELLA, E. CAMPBELL, F. CAMPBELL-VALOIS, S. CAMPELLO, I. CAMPESI, J. CAMPOS, O. CAMUZARD, J. CANCINO, D. DE ALMEIDA, L. CANESI, I. CANIGGIA, B. CANONICO, C. CANTI, B. CAO, M. CARAGLIA, B. 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PINTON, K. PIRCS, S. PIYA, P. PIZZO, T. PLANTINGA, H. PLATTA, A. PLAZA-ZABALA, M. PLOMANN, E. PLOTNIKOV, H. PLUN-FAVREAU, R. PLUTA, R. POCOCK, S. POGGELER, C. POHL, M. POIROT, A. POLETTI, M. PONPUAK, H. POPELKA, B. POPOVA, H. PORTA, S. ALCON, E. PORTILLA-FERNANDEZ, M. POST, M. POTTS, J. POULTON, T. POWERS, V. PRAHLAD, T. PRAJSNAR, D. PRATICO, R. PRENCIPE, M. PRIAULT, T. PROIKASCEZANNE, V. PROMPONAS, C. PROUD, R. PUERTOLLANO, L. PUGLIELLI, T. PULINILKUNNIL, D. PURI, R. PURI, J. PUYAL, X. QI, Y. QI, W. QIAN, L. QIANG, Y. QIU, J. QUADRILATERO, J. QUARLERI, N. RABEN, H. RABINOWICH, D. RAGONA, M. RAGUSA, N. RAHIMI, M. RAHMATI, V. RAIA, N. RAIMUNDO, N. RAJASEKARAN, S. RAO, A. RAMI, I. RAMIREZ-PARDO, D. RAMSDEN, F. RANDOW, P. RANGARAJAN, D. RANIERI, H. RAO, L. RAO, R. RAO, S. RATHORE, J. RATNAYAKA, E. RATOVITSKI, P. RAVANAN, G. RAVEGNINI, S. RAY, B. RAZANI, V. REBECCA, F. REGGIORI, A. REGNIER-VIGOUROUX, A. REICHERT, D. REIGADA, J. REILING, T. REIN, S. REIPERT, R. REKHA, H. REN, J. REN, W. 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SAFTIG, A. SAGONA, G. SAHAY, A. SAHEBKAR, M. SAHIN, O. SAHIN, S. SAHNI, N. SAITO, S. SAITO, T. SAITO, R. SAKAI, Y. SAKAI, J. SAKAMAKI, K. SAKSELA, G. SALAZAR, A. SALAZAR-DEGRACIA, G. SALEKDEH, A. SALUJA, B. SAMPAIO-MARQUES, M. SANCHEZ, J. SANCHEZ-ALCAZAR, V. SANCHEZ-VERA, V. SANCHO-SHIMIZU, J. SANDERSON, M. SANDRI, S. SANTAGUIDA, L. SANTAMBROGIO, M. SANTANA, G. SANTONI, A. SANZ, P. SANZ, S. SARAN, M. SARDIELLO, T. SARGEANT, A. SARIN, C. SARKAR, S. SARKAR, M. SARRIAS, D. SARMAH, J. SARPARANTA, A. SATHYANARAYAN, R. SATHYANARAYANAN, K. SCAGLIONE, F. SCATOZZA, L. SCHAEFER, Z. SCHAFER, U. SCHAIBLE, A. SCHAPIRA, M. SCHARL, H. SCHATZL, C. SCHEIN, W. SCHEPER, D. SCHEURING, M. SCHIAFFINO, M. SCHIAPPACASSI, R. SCHINDL, U. SCHLATTNER, O. SCHMIDT, R. SCHMITT, S. SCHMIDT, I. SCHMITZ, E. SCHMUKLER, A. SCHNEIDER, B. SCHNEIDER, R. SCHOBER, A. SCHOIJET, M. SCHOTT, M. SCHRAMM, B. SCHRODER, K. SCHUH, C. SCHULLER, R. SCHULZE, L. SCHURMANNS, J. SCHWAMBORN, M. SCHWARTEN, F. SCIALO, S. SCIARRETTA, M. SCOTT, K. SCOTTO, A. SCOVASSI, A. SCRIMA, A. SCRIVO, D. SEBASTIAN, S. SEBTI, S. SEDEJ, L. SEGATORI, N. SEGEV, P. SEGLEN, I. SEILIEZ, E. SEKI, S. SELLECK, F. SELLKE, A. PEREZ-LARA, J. SELSBY, M. SENDTNER, S. SENTURK, E. SERANOVA, C. SERGI, R. SERRA-MORENO, H. SESAKI, C. SETTEMBRE, S. SETTY, G. SGARBI, O. SHA, J. SHACKA, J. SHAH, D. SHANG, C. SHAO, F. SHAO, S. SHARBATI, L. SHARKEY, D. SHARMA, G. SHARMA, K. SHARMA, P. SHARMA, S. SHARMA, H. SHEN, J. SHEN, M. SHEN, W. SHEN, Z. SHEN, R. SHENG, Z. SHENG, J. SHI, X. SHI, Y. SHI, K. SHIBA-FUKUSHIMA, J. SHIEH, Y. SHIMADA, S. SHIMIZU, M. SHIMOZAWA, T. SHINTANI, C. SHOEMAKER, S. SHOJAEI, I. SHOJI, B. SHRAVAGE, V. SHRIDHAR, C. SHU, H. SHU, K. SHUI, A. SHUKLA, T. SHUTT, V. SICA, A. SIDDIQUI, A. SIERRA, V. SIERRA-TORRE, S. SIGNORELLI, P. SIL, B. SILVA, J. SILVA, E. SILVA-PAVEZ, S. SILVENTE-POIROT, R. SIMMONDS, A. SIMON, H. SIMON, M. SIMONS, A. SINGH, L. SINGH, R. SINGH, S. SINGH, D. SINHA, R. SINHA, S. SINHA, A. SIRKO, K. SIROHI, E. SIVRIDIS, P. SKENDROS, A. SKIRYCZ, I. SLANINOVA, S. SMAILI, A. SMERTENKO, M. SMITH, S. SOENEN, E. SOHN, S. SOK, G. SOLAINI, T. SOLDATI, S. SOLEIMANPOUR, R. SOLER, A. SOLOVCHENKO, J. SOMARELLI, A. SONAWANE, F. SONG, H. SONG, J. SONG, K. SONG, Z. SONG, L. SORIA, M. SORICE, A. SOUKAS, S. SOUKUP, D. SOUSA, N. SOUSA, P. SPAGNUOLO, S. SPECTOR, M. BHARATH, D. ST CLAIR, V. STAGNI, L. STAIANO, C. STALNECKER, M. STANKOV, P. STATHOPULOS, K. STEFAN, S. STEFAN, L. STEFANIS, J. STEFFAN, A. STEINKASSERER, H. STENMARK, J. STERNECKERT, C. STEVENS, V. STOKA, S. STORCH, B. STORK, F. STRAPPAZZON, A. STROHECKER, D. STUPACK, H. SU, L. SU, A. SUAREZFONTES, C. SUBAUSTE, S. SUBBIAN, P. SUBIRADA, G. SUDHANDIRAN, C. SUE, X. SUI, C. SUMMERS, G. SUN, J. SUN, K. SUN, M. SUN, Q. SUN, Y. SUN, Z. SUN, K. SUNAHARA, E. SUNDBERG, K. SUSZTAK, P. SUTOVSKY, H. SUZUKI, G. SWEENEY, J. SYMONS, S. SZE, N. SZEWCZYK, C. TABOLACCI, F. TACKE, H. TAEGTMEYER, M. TAFANI, M. TAGAYA, H. TAI, S. TAIT, Y. TAKAHASHI, S. TAKATS, P. TALWAR, C. TAM, S. TAM, D. TAMPELLINI, A. TAMURA, C. TAN, E. TAN, Y. TAN, M. TANAKA, D. TANG, J. TANG, T. TANG, I. TANIDA, Z. TAO, M. TAOUIS, L. TATENHORST, N. TAVERNARAKIS, A. TAYLOR, G. TAYLOR, J. TAYLOR, E. TCHETINA, A. TEE, I. TEGEDER, D. TEIS, N. TEIXEIRA, F. TEIXEIRA-CLERC, K. TEKIRDAG, T. TENCOMNAO, S. TENREIRO, A. TEPIKIN, P. TESTILLANO, G. TETTAMANTI, P. THARAUX, K. THEDIECK, A. THEKKINGHAT, S. THELLUNG, J. THINWA, V. THIRUMALAIKUMAR, S. THOMAS, P. THOMES, A. THORBURN, L. THUKRAL, T. THUM, M. THUMM, L. TIAN, A. TICHY, A. TILL, V. TIMMERMAN, V. TITORENKO, S. TODI, K. TODOROVA, J. TOIVONEN, L. TOMAIPITINCA, D. TOMAR, C. TOMAS-ZAPICO, B. TONG, C. TONG, X. TONG, S. TOOZE, M. TORGERSEN, S. TORII, L. TORRES-LOPEZ, A. TORRIGLIA, C. TOWERS, R. TOWNS, S. TOYOKUNI, V. TRAJKOVIC, D. TRAMONTANO, Q. TRAN, L. TRAVASSOS, C. TRELFORD, S. TREMEL, I. TROUGAKOS, B. TSAO, M. TSCHAN, H. TSE, T. TSE, H. TSUGAWA, A. TSVETKOV, D. TUMBARELLO, Y. TUMTAS, M. TUNON, S. TURCOTTE, B. TURK, V. TURK, B. TURNER, R. TUXWORTH, J. TYLER, E. TYUTEREVA, Y. UCHIYAMA, A. UGUNKLUSEK, H. UHLIG, I. ULASOV, M. UMEKAWA, C. UNGERMANN, R. UNNO, S. URBE, E. URIBE-CARRETERO, S. USTUN, V. UVERSKY, T. VACCARI, M. VACCARO, B. VAHSEN, H. VAKIFAHMETOGLU-NORBERG, R. VALDOR, M. VALENTE, A. VALKO, R. VALLEE, A. VALVERDE, G. VAN DEN BERGHE, S. VAN DER VEEN, L. VAN KAER, J. VAN LOOSDREGT, S. VAN WIJK, W. VANDENBERGHE, I. VANHOREBEEK, M. VANNIER-SANTOS, N. VANNINI, M. VANRELL, C. VANTAGGIATO, G. VARANO, I. VARELA-NIETO, M. VARGA, M. VASCONCELOS, S. VATS, D. VAVVAS, I. VEGANAREDO, S. VEGA-RUBIN-DE-CELIS, G. VELASCO, A. VELAZQUEZ, T. VELLAI, E. VELLENGA, F. VELOTTI, M. VERDIER, P. VERGINIS, I. VERGNE, P. VERKADE, M. VERMA, P. VERSTREKEN, T. VERVLIET, J. VERVOORTS, A. VESSONI, V. VICTOR, M. VIDAL, C. VIDONI, O. VIEIRA, R. VIERSTRA, S. VIGANO, H. VIHINEN, V. VIJAYAN, M. VILA, M. VILAR, J. VILLALBA, A. VILLALOBO, B. VILLAREJO-ZORI, F. VILLARROYA, J. VILLARROYA, O. VINCENT, C. VINDIS, C. VIRET, M. VISCOMI, D. VISNJIC, I. VITALE, D. VOCADLO, O. VOITSEKHOVSKAJA, C. VOLONTE, M. VOLTA, M. VOMERO, C. VON HAEFEN, M. VOOIJS, W. VOOS, L. VUCICEVIC, R. WADE-MARTINS, S. WAGURI, K. WAITE, S. WAKATSUKI, D. WALKER, M. WALKER, S. WALKER, J. WALTER, F. WANDOSELL, B. WANG, C. WANG, D. WANG, F. WANG, G. WANG, H. WANG, J. WANG, K. WANG, L. WANG, M. WANG, N. WANG, P. WANG, Q. WANG, W. WANG, X. WANG, Y. WANG, Z. WANG, G. WARNES, V. WARNSMANN, H. WATADA, E. WATANABE, M. WATCHON, T. WEAVER, G. WEGRZYN, A. WEHMAN, H. WEI, L. WEI, T. WEI, Y. WEI, O. WEIERGRABER, C. WEIHL, G. WEINDL, R. WEISKIRCHEN, A. WELLS, R. WEN, X. WEN, A. WERNER, B. WEYKOPF, S. WHEATLEY, J. WHITTON, A. WHITWORTH, K. WIKTORSKA, M. WILDENBERG, T. WILEMAN, S. WILKINSON, D. WILLBOLD, B. WILLIAMS, R. WILLIAMS, P. WILLIAMSON, R. WILSON, B. WINNER, N. WINSOR, S. WITKIN, H. WODRICH, U. WOEHLBIER, T. WOLLERT, E. WONG, J. WONG, R. WONG, V. WONG, W. WONG, A. WU, C. WU, J. WU, K. WU, M. WU, S. WU, W. WU, X. WU, Y. WU, R. XAVIER, H. XIA, L. XIA, Z. XIA, G. XIANG, J. XIANG, M. XIANG, W. XIANG, B. XIAO, G. XIAO, H. XIAO, J. XIAO, L. XIAO, S. XIAO, Y. XIAO, B. XIE, C. XIE, M. XIE, Y. XIE, Z. XIE, M. XILOURI, C. XU, E. XU, H. XU, J. XU, L. XU, W. XU, X. XU, Y. XUE, S. YAKHINE-DIOP, M. YAMAGUCHI, O. YAMAGUCHI, A. YAMAMOTO, S. YAMASHINA, S. YAN, Z. YAN, Y. YANAGI, C. YANG, D. YANG, H. YANG, J. YANG, L. YANG, M. YANG, P. YANG, Q. YANG, S. YANG, W. YANG, X. YANG, Y. YANG, H. YAO, S. YAO, X. YAO, Y. YAO, T. YASUI, M. YAZDANKHAH, P. YEN, C. YI, X. YIN, Y. YIN, Z. YIN, M. YING, Z. YING, C. YIP, S. YIU, Y. YOO, K. YOSHIDA, S. YOSHII, T. YOSHIMORI, B. YOUSEFI, B. YU, H. YU, J. YU, L. YU, M. YU, S. YU, V. YU, W. YU, Z. YU, J. YUAN, L. YUAN, S. YUAN, Y. YUAN, Z. YUAN, J. YUE, Z. YUE, J. YUN, R. YUNG, D. ZACKS, G. ZAFFAGNINI, V. ZAMBELLI, I. ZANELLA, Q. ZANG, S. ZANIVAN, S. ZAPPAVIGNA, P. ZARAGOZA, K. ZARBALIS, A. ZAREBKOHAN, A. ZARROUK, S. ZEITLIN, J. ZENG, E. ZEROVNIK, L. ZHAN, B. ZHANG, D. ZHANG, H. ZHANG, J. ZHANG, K. ZHANG, L. ZHANG, M. ZHANG, P. ZHANG, S. ZHANG, W. ZHANG, X. ZHANG, Y. ZHANG, Z. ZHANG, H. ZHAO, L. ZHAO, S. ZHAO, T. ZHAO, X. ZHAO, Y. ZHAO, G. ZHENG, K. ZHENG, L. ZHENG, S. ZHENG, X. ZHENG, Y. ZHENG, Z. ZHENG, B. ZHIVOTOVSKY, Q. ZHONG, A. ZHOU, B. ZHOU, C. ZHOU, G. ZHOU, H. ZHOU, J. ZHOU, K. ZHOU, R. ZHOU, X. ZHOU, Y. ZHOU, Z. ZHOU, B. ZHU, C. ZHU, G. ZHU, H. ZHU, W. ZHU, Y. ZHU, H. ZHUANG, X. ZHUANG, K. ZIENTARA-RYTTER, C. ZIMMERMANN, E. ZIVIANI, T. ZOLADEK, W. ZONG, D. ZOROV, A. ZORZANO, W. ZOU, Z. ZOU, S. ZURYN, W. ZWERSCHKE, B. BRAND-SABERI, C. KENCHAPPA, S. OSHIMA, Y. RONG, J. SLUIMER, and C. STALLINGS

Subjects
flux, macroautophagy, phagophore, stress, vacuole, Autophagosome, LC3, lysosome, neurodegeneration, cancer
Abstract

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Published
2021

31. Sovereign risk and financial risk

Author

Egon Zakrajsek, Simon Gilchrist, Bin Wei, and Vivian Z. Yue

Subjects
History, Economics and Econometrics, Polymers and Plastics, Sovereign default, Bond, Financial risk, Financial market, Monetary economics, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Corporate bond, Bond valuation, Financial crisis, Economics, Business and International Management, Finance, Credit risk
Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between sovereign bond spreads, local economic activity, and global financial risk. We use secondary-market prices of dollar-denominated sovereign securities to construct yield spreads between sovereign bond yields and yields on the appropriately defined default risk-free securities, constructed using zero-coupon U.S. Treasury yields. We use these spreads to construct country-specific sovereign bond spreads for a sample of almost 50 countries over the 1980-2012 period. We then examine the extent to which movements in sovereign spreads are determined by local risk factors, such as fluctuations in exchange rates and local stock market returns, versus global risk factors that arguably proxy for risk-attitudes that prevail in U.S. financial markets. To measure global risk factors we rely on the excess bond premium constructed by Gilchrist and Zakrajsek (2012). The excess bond premium is a measure of distress in U.S. corporate bond markets and comoves closely with conditions in financial markets. According to GZ, the excess bond premium provides a quantitative measure of the risk-attitudes of financial intermediaries. Our results indicate that a substantial portion of the comovement among sovereign spreads can be accounted for by changes in such global risk factors. We also examine the extent to which, during the 2007-09 financial crisis, such global risk factors were related to perceived default risk in the U.S. financial sector. Next, we extend our methodology to construct credit spreads for euro-denominated sovereign bonds for about 40 countries over the 2000-2012 period, and we examine the implications of our empirical pricing framework for comovement among sovereign spreads during the ongoing turmoil in European sovereign debt markets. Lastly, we study the e§ect of various stabilization policy announcements during the recent financial crisis on sovereign bond spreads through the global risk factors. We also compare the impacts of stabilization policy measures during financial crises in the past. Lastly, we construct a general equilibrium model of sovereign debt and default to rationalize the empirical findings. The model features include a risk-averse global investor, optimal default, and endogenous debt dynamics for multiple countries. The sovereign default and bond prices depend on the borrower's economic conditions as well as the lender's risk aversion and riskiness. We quantitatively examine the link between the financial risk that the lender faces and the distribution of sovereign risk.

Published
2022

32. The Fed Takes on Corporate Credit Risk: An Analysis of the Efficacy of the SMCCF

Author

Bin Wei, Simon Gilchrist, Vivian Z. Yue, and Egon Zakrajsek

Subjects
Corporate bond, Basis point, Bond, Regression discontinuity design, Event study, Secondary market, Business, Monetary economics, Credit risk, Market liquidity
Abstract

We evaluate the efficacy of the Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facility (SMCCF), a program designed to stabilize the corporate bond market in the wake of the Covid-19 shock. The Fed announced the SMCCF on March 23 and expanded the program on April 9. Regression discontinuity estimates imply that these announcements reduced credit spreads on bonds eligible for purchase 70 basis points. We refine this analysis by constructing a sample of bonds—issued by the same set of companies—which differ in their SMCCF eligibility. A diff-in-diff analysis shows that both announcements had large effects on credit spreads, narrowing spreads 20 basis points on eligible bonds relative to their ineligible counterparts within the same set of issuers across the two announcement periods. The March 23 announcement also reduced bid-ask spreads ten basis points within ten days of the announcement. By lowering credit spreads and improving liquidity, the April 9 announcement had an especially pronounced effect on “fallen angels.” The actual purchases lowered credit spreads by an additional five basis points and bid-ask spreads by two basis points. These results confirm that the SMCCF made it easier for companies to borrow in the corporate bond market.

Published
2020

33. Parallel information processing using a reservoir computing system based on mutually coupled semiconductor lasers

Author

D. Z. Yue, Elumalai Jayaprasath, G. Q. Xia, Zheng-Mao Wu, and Y. S. Hou

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Series (mathematics), Computer science, General Engineering, Reservoir computing, Information processing, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Symbol (chemistry), Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Parallel processing (DSP implementation), 0103 physical sciences, Time series, 010306 general physics, Algorithm
Abstract

Via the nonlinear channel equalization and the Santa-Fe time series prediction, the parallel processing capability of a reservoir computing (RC) system based on two mutually coupled semiconductor lasers is demonstrated numerically. The results show that, for parallel processing the prediction tasks of two Santa-Fe time series with rates of 0.25 GSa/s, the minimum prediction errors are 3.8 × 10−5 and 4.4 × 10−5, respectively. For parallel processing two nonlinear channel equalization tasks, the minimum symbol error rates (SERs) are 3.3 × 10−4 for both tasks. For parallel processing a nonlinear channel equalization and a Santa-Fe time series prediction, the minimum SER is 6.7 × 10−4 for nonlinear channel equalization, and the minimum prediction error is 4.6 × 10−5 for Santa-Fe time series prediction.

Published
2020

34. The Federal Reserve's Liquidity Backstops to the Municipal Bond Market during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Bin Wei and Vivian Z. Yue

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Financial market, Financial crisis, Pandemic, Financial system, Business, Obligation, Municipal bond, Market liquidity
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous hardship all over the world. In response, the Federal Reserve has moved quickly and aggressively to support the economy in the United States. In this article, we present some initial evidence for the effectiveness of some of the facilities in calming the municipal bond market, particularly the short-term variable-rate demand obligation (VRDO) market. We discuss the important role of liquidity backstops in mitigating runs and stabilizing financial markets in general based on insights from our study on the runs on VRDO and auction-rate securities (ARS) in 2008 during the financial crisis.

Published
2020

35. The Twin Ds: Optimal Default and Devaluation

Author

Vivian Z. Yue, Martín Uribe, Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé, and Seunghoon Na

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Labour economics, 050208 finance, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Wage, Devaluation, jel:F31, jel:E52, Monetary economics, jel:F41, jel:F34, Debt, 0502 economics and business, Value (economics), Unemployment, Economics, Default, 050207 economics, Involuntary unemployment, Enforcement, media_common
Abstract

A salient characteristic of sovereign defaults is that they are typically accompanied by large devaluations. This paper presents new evidence of this empirical regularity known as the Twin Ds and proposes a model that rationalizes it as an optimal policy outcome. The model combines limited enforcement of debt contracts and downward nominal wage rigidity. Under optimal policy, default is shown to occur during contractions. The role of default is to free up resources for domestic absorption, and the role of exchange rate devaluation is to lower the real value of wages, thereby reducing involuntary unemployment. (JEL E24, E32, E52, F31, F34, F41)

Published
2018

36. Study on Rigid-Liquid Coupling Dynamics of the Spacecraft With Arbitrary Axisymmetrical Tanks

Author

Y. L. Yan and B. Z. Yue

Subjects
Coupling, Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Dynamics (mechanics), 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, business
Abstract

This article focus on the rigid-liquid coupling dynamics of the spacecraft with arbitrary axisymmetrical tanks with curved walls and top. The carrier velocity potential function was obtained according to the motion equations of a representative point in the tank of spacecraft, and the relative velocity potential function can be expressed as Gauss hypergeometric series. The Hamilton's variational principle was applied to derive the governing equations of liquid sloshing based on the profile of hydrostatic shape of free liquid surface. The dynamic equations of modal coordinates were established through the Galerkin method. The state equations of coupled motion of main rigid platform of the spacecraft were deduced by using the Lagrange's equations in term of general quasi-coordinates. Thruster firing was actuated to the coupled system to analyze the rigid-liquid coupled dynamic behaviors. Computer numerical simulations was carried out to confirm the validity of the method developed in this paper.

Published
2018

37. Sovereign Debt: Theory

Author

Bin Wei and Vivian Z. Yue

Subjects
Sovereign default, Economics, Monetary economics, Sovereign debt, Debt crisis
Abstract

This article reviews the literature on sovereign debt, that is, debt issued by a national government. The defining characteristic of sovereign debt is the limited mechanisms for enforcement. Because a sovereign government does not face legal consequences of default, the reasons why it makes repayment are to avoid default penalties related to reputation loss or economic cost. Theoretical and quantitative studies on sovereign debt have investigated the cause and impact of sovereign default and produced analysis of policy relevance. This article reviews the theories that quantitatively account for key empirical facts about sovereign debt. These studies enable researchers and policy makers to better understand sovereign debt crises.

Published
2019

38. Using maleic anhydride functionalized graphene oxide for improving the interfacial properties of carbon fiber/BMI composites

Author

R. Ren, M. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Yue, Wei Li, and Q. Li

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Scanning electron microscope, General Chemical Engineering, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flexural strength, Materials Chemistry, lcsh:TA401-492, lcsh:TP1-1185, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Composite material, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Polymer composites, Bismaleimide, Flexural modulus, Organic Chemistry, Covalent functionalization, Maleic anhydride, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Thermoset polymer matrix, Interfacial bonding, Graphene, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Maleic anhydride functionalized graphene oxide (MAH-GO) was synthesized and then introduced into carbon fiber (CF) reinforced bismaleimide (BMI) composites, with the aim of improving the interfacial adhesion strength between CF and BMI resin. Various characterization techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the maleic anhydride has been suc- cessfully grafted onto the GO surfaces. The study showed that the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural properties of CF/BMI composites were all improved by the incorporation of GO and MAH-GO, and the MAH-GO showed the sub- stantially improved effect due to the strong interaction between the MAH-GO and the resin matrix. The maximum increment of the ILSS, flexural strength and flexural modulus of composites were 24.4, 28.7 and 49.7%, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs of the fracture surfaces revealed that the interfacial bonding between CF and resin matrix was significantly strengthened by the addition of MAH-GO. The results suggest that this feasible method may be an ideal substitute for the traditional method in the interfacial modification of composites.

Published
2016

39. Attitude Dynamics and Control of Liquid Filled Spacecraft with Large Amplitude Fuel Slosh

Author

M.-L. Deng and B.-Z. Yue

Subjects
Lyapunov function, Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Slosh dynamics, Capillary action, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Momentum transfer, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Attitude control, symbols.namesake, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Amplitude, 0203 mechanical engineering, Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Torque, business
Abstract

This paper focuses on the attitude dynamics and control of liquid filled spacecraft, and the large amplitude fuel slosh dynamics is included by using an improved moving pulsating ball model. The moving pulsating ball model is an equivalent mechanical model that is capable of imitating the whole liquid reorientation process, specifically for the occurrence of large amplitude slosh. This model is improved by incorporating a static capillary force and an effective mass factor. The improvements on this model are validated with previously published experiment results. The spacecraft attitude maneuver is implemented by the momentum transfer technique, and the feedback control strategy is designed based on Lyapunov theory. The effects of liquid viscosity, tank location and desired steady time on sloshing torque and control torque are investigated. The attitude control strategy applied in this paper is proved to be applicable for the coupled liquid filled spacecraft system. The obtained conclusions are useful to aid in liquid filled spacecraft overall design.

Published
2016

40. Multi-omic Exploration of Inherent and Acquired Radiation Resistance of Glioblastoma Patient-derived Xenografts

Author

Christopher D. Willey, George Yancey Gillespie, J.Y. Chen, James Rowland, L. Ianov, C.P. Langford, Thu Nga Nguyen, A.B. Hjelmeland, Z. Yue, Joshua C. Anderson, and Christian T. Stackhouse

Subjects
Cancer Research, Radiation, Oncology, business.industry, Cancer research, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, medicine.disease, Radiation resistance, Glioblastoma
Published
2020

41. Liquidity backstops and dynamic debt runs

Author

Bin Wei and Vivian Z. Yue

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 050208 finance, Control and Optimization, Lender of last resort, Applied Mathematics, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Monetary economics, Municipal bond, Market liquidity, Variable (computer science), Basis point, Debt, 0502 economics and business, Financial crisis, Value (economics), Economics, 050207 economics, media_common
Abstract

Liquidity backstops can mitigate runs. In this paper we develop a dynamic model of debt runs based on He and Xiong (2012) to identify, both conceptually and quantitatively, the value of a liquidity backstop for its run-mitigating role. For the purpose of identification, we focus on the municipal bond markets for variable rate demand obligations and auction rate securities. Based on the run episodes in these markets during the financial crisis of 2007-09 and the calibrated model, we find that the value of a liquidity backstop is about 14.5 basis points per annum. Our findings have important policy implications regarding the effectiveness of liquidity backstops in ameliorating problems of financial instability.

Published
2020

44. Discovery of 4 exonic and 1 intergenic novel susceptibility loci for leprosy

Author

Zihao Mi, H. Wang, Fangfang Bao, Z. Yue, Gongqi Yu, Lele Sun, Feng Zhang, H. Liu, C. Wang, N. Wang, Q. Zhao, Zhijie Wang, X. Cheng, and X. Fu

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intergenic region, Asian People, Transcription (biology), Leprosy, Genetics, medicine, SNP, Humans, Exome, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2, Genetics (clinical), ALDH2, Transcobalamins, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial, GTPase-Activating Proteins, NF-kappa B, Odds ratio, Exons, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, DNA, Intergenic, Female, Butyrate Response Factor 1, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Seven new risk coding variants have been identified through an exome-wide association study (EWAS), which studied the contributions of protein-coding variants to leprosy susceptibility. But some potential susceptibility loci were not studied in the previous EWAS study because of the project consideration. Seventeen unstudied potential susceptibility loci of the previous EWAS were validated in 3169 cases and 9814 controls in this study. Four disease-associated exonic loci were identified: rs671 in ALDH2 (P = 2.0 × 10-20 , odds ratio [OR] = 1.35), rs13259978 in SLC7A2 (P = 1.74 × 10-8 , OR = 1.28), rs925368 in GIT2 (P = 9.18 × 10-17 , OR = 1.44), and rs75680863 in TCN2 (P = 8.37 × 10-21 , OR = 0.74). Potentially implicating ZFP36L1 as a new susceptibility gene, 1 intergenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1465788 (P = 7.81 × 10-6 , OR = 0.88), was also suggested to be associated with leprosy. A luciferase reporter assay showed that the rs1465788 risk allele notably decreased the transcription activity of the flanking sequence. These findings suggest the possible involvement of lipid metabolism, NF-κB homeostasis and macrophage antimicrobial pathways in leprosy pathogenesis.

Published
2018

47. Carbonization and activation for production of activated carbon fibers

Author

J. Economy and Z. Yue

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, Carbonization, Polyacrylonitrile, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, digestive system, 01 natural sciences, Chemical reaction, digestive system diseases, 0104 chemical sciences, Cellulose fiber, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, medicine, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Porous medium, Porosity, Activated carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

This chapter describes methods of converting organic fibers to highly porous activated carbon fibers (ACFs) from different types of precursors. The manufacturing of ACFs involves three important fabrication processes: (1) stabilization/pretreatment of precursor fibers such as polyacrylonitrile, pitch, phenolic resin, and cellulosic fibers; (2) carbonization of the stabilized fibers; and (3) activation of the fibers by means of physical or chemical activation. The chapter reviews the mechanisms, chemical reactions, structural evolution, and porosity development that occur in these processes. It also illustrates some selected procedures for the preparation of ACFs with specific pore structures and properties. Additionally, this chapter reviews the importance of modification processes for producing ACFs with unique structures and specific functionalities. Finally, it lists major ACF manufacturers and commercially available ACF products.

Published
2017

48. Contributors

Author

T.D. Burchell, J.Y. Chen, C.I. Contescu, J. Economy, N.C. Gallego, S. Giraudet, H.A. Grappe, A. Hassani, Y. Huang, A. Javaid, G. Jiang, V. Jiménez, A.R. Khataee, P. Le Cloirec, Q.W. Li, Y. Li, A. Romero, D. Saha, P. Sánchez, Y. Shen, Z. Yue, X.H. Zhang, and M. Zhang

Published
2017

49. High-resolution (375 m) cloud microstructure as seen from the NPP/VIIRS satellite imager

Author

X. Xu, G. Liu, Yannian Zhu, Daniel Rosenfeld, X. Yu, Z. Yue, and J. Dai

Subjects
Effective radius, Atmospheric Science, Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, Haze, Microphysics, Meteorology, Ship tracks, Cloud top, lcsh:QC1-999, Marine stratocumulus, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Environmental science, Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, lcsh:Physics, Remote sensing
Abstract

VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite), onboard the Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) satellite, has an improved resolution of 750 m with respect to the 1000 m of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer for the channels that allow retrieving cloud microphysical parameters such as cloud drop effective radius (re). VIIRS also has an imager with five channels of double resolution of 375 m, which was not designed for retrieving cloud products. A methodology for a high-resolution retrieval of re and microphysical presentation of the cloud field based on the VIIRS imager was developed and evaluated with respect to MODIS in this study. The tripled microphysical resolution with respect to MODIS allows obtaining new insights for cloud–aerosol interactions, especially at the smallest cloud scales, because the VIIRS imager can resolve the small convective elements that are sub-pixel for MODIS cloud products. Examples are given for new insights into ship tracks in marine stratocumulus, pollution tracks from point and diffused sources in stratocumulus and cumulus clouds over land, deep tropical convection in pristine air mass over ocean and land, tropical clouds that develop in smoke from forest fires and in heavy pollution haze over densely populated regions in southeastern Asia, and for pyro-cumulonimbus clouds. It is found that the VIIRS imager provides more robust physical interpretation and refined information for cloud and aerosol microphysics as compared to MODIS, especially in the initial stage of cloud formation. VIIRS is found to identify significantly more fully cloudy pixels when small boundary layer convective elements are present. This, in turn, allows for a better quantification of cloud–aerosol interactions and impacts on precipitation-forming processes.

Published
2014

50. Gene expression of the p16INK4a-Rb and p19Arf-p53-p21Cip/Waf1 signaling pathways in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell aging by ginsenoside Rg1

Author

Y Bing, W Ping, Wang Ya-ping, L D Feng, Z Yue, Y Xin, and J Rong

Subjects
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21, Senescence, Ginsenosides, Biology, Retinoblastoma Protein, chemistry.chemical_compound, tert-Butylhydroperoxide, Gene expression, Genetics, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p19, Molecular Biology, Cellular Senescence, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16, Hematopoietic stem cell, RNA, General Medicine, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, beta-Galactosidase, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Haematopoiesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, Ginsenoside, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Signal transduction, Stem cell, Signal Transduction
Abstract

The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of traditional Chinese medicines in clinical practice is a key step toward their worldwide application, and this topic is currently a subject of intense research interest. Rg1, a component of ginsenoside, has recently been shown to perform several pharmacological functions; however, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether Rg1 has an anti-senescence effect on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the possible molecular mechanisms driving any effects. The results showed that Rg1 could effectively delay tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced senescence and inhibit gene expression in the p16(INK4a)-Rb and p19(Arf)-p53-p21(Cip/Waf1) signaling pathways in HSCs. Our study suggested that these two signaling pathways might be potential targets for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the Rg1 anti-senescence effect.

Published
2014

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