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1. Epizootic pertussis focus of hamadryad baboons

Author

A. Yu. Medkova, G. I. Karataev, Z. V. Shevtsova, A. Z. Matua, E. G. Semin, A. A. Amichba, L. N. Sinyashina, I. G. Kondzariya, V. S. Barkaya, Z. Ya. Mikvabia, and A. L. Gintsburg

Subjects
pertussis, bordetella pertussis bacteria, natural contagion, transmission of pertussis infection, epizootic focus, experimental challenge, non-human primates of the old world, genom equivalent, pertussis antibodies, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

The absence of an adequate experimental animal model makes difficult study of immunity against whooping cough and its pathogenesis. Experimental whooping cough reported by us earlier in pubescent non-human primates of the Old World was accompanied by specific clinical and laboratory marks in the absence of cough. The possibility of pertussis modelling while experimental whooping cough in impuberal hamadryad baboons was investigated. In the process of selection of monkeys for the further studies for perfecting of experimental model for pertussis research unexpectedly were detected specific pertussis antibodies in impuberal hamadryad baboons.The aim of the study: revealing of source of infection and transmission of pertussis to hamadryad baboons and investigation of response of antibody-positive impuberal hamadryad baboons to secondary contagion by B. pertussis bacteria while experimental infection.Results. 18 veterinary checked, somatically healthy hamadryad baboons of various gender managed in two neighboring cages. Specific pertussis IgM and IgG antibodies were found in blood serum of all the animals and one of the monkey keepers. By real-time PCR in nasopharyngeal swabs of the monkey keeper and three 7- and 9-month-old hamadryad baboons were registered single B. pertussis genom equivalents. Seropositive impuberal hamadryad baboons were experimentally challenged by virulent B. pertussis 475 strain. Quantity of B. pertussis genom equivalents and percentage of IgM and IgG antibodies in impuberal hamadryad baboons after experimental infection were detected. These results were comparable with such received after secondary experimental challenge of monkeys by B. pertussis. Humoral immuneresponse was characterized by booster effect and rapid B. pertussis elimination.Conclusion. The case of transmission of B.pertussis bacteria to hamadryad baboons by natural contagion and epizootic focus of pertussis in apery conditions were registered. In dynamics of immune response and level of bacterial load in experimentally infected impuberal and pubescent hamadryad baboons were not revealed significant differences. The possibility of asymptomatic B.pertussis transmission from man to monkey and from monkey to man without definitive spasmodic cough was reviewed. Pertussis research perspectives using experimental model of non-human primates of the Old World were marked.

Published
2015
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2. [Insertional Inactivation of Virulence Operon in Population of Persistent Bordetella pertussis Bacteria]

Author

G I, Karataev, L N, Sinyashina, A Yu, Medkova, E G, Semin, Z V, Shevtsova, A Z, Matua, I G, Kondzariya, A A, Amichba, D T, Kubrava, and Z Ya, Mikvabia

Subjects
Mutagenesis, Insertional, Bacterial Proteins, Whooping Cough, Operon, DNA Transposable Elements, Animals, Humans, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, Macaca mulatta, Bordetella pertussis, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Avirulent B. pertussis bacteria containing IS elements in the bvgAS operon were detected during the study of whooping cough patients and bacilli carriers. The present work is devoted to the study of the accumulation dynamics and the mechanisms of generation of persistent forms of the B. pertussis bacteria in lower monkeys as the most adequate model for extrapolation ofthe experiment results to humans. By means of the real-time PCR method, it was established that the B. pertussis bacteria lived more than three months in the upper respiratory tract after a single intranasal monkey infection; the period was reduced to 14-28 days during repeated infection. An increase in the portion of B. pertussis Bvg mutants in the population to tens of percent from the total number of registered bacteria was registered. The experimental confirmation ofthe development and accumulation of avirulent B. pertussis Bvg mutants during the development of the infectious process was obtained. Further study of the composition of the B. pertussis persistent bacteria population at different stages of the disease will make it possible to formulate new approaches to the whooping cough diagnostics and prevention and creation of fundamentally new drugs.

Published
2016

3. Insertional Inactivation of Virulence Operon in Population of Persistent Bordetella pertussis Bacteria

Author

I. G. Kondzariya, L. N. Sinyashina, E. G. Semin, Z. Ya. Mikvabia, A. Z. Matua, A. A. Amichba, Z. V. Shevtsova, D. T. Kubrava, A. Yu. Medkova, and G. I. Karataev

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Bordetella pertussis, Bacilli, education.field_of_study, biology, Operon, Population, Virulence, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Genetics, medicine, education, Whooping cough, Bacteria, Respiratory tract
Abstract

Avirulent B. pertussis bacteria containing IS elements in the bvgAS operon were detected during the study of whooping cough patients and bacilli carriers. The present work is devoted to the study of the accumulation dynamics and the mechanisms of generation of persistent forms of the B. pertussis bacteria in lower monkeys as the most adequate model for extrapolation of the experiment results to humans. By means of the real-time PCR method, it was established that the B. pertussis bacteria lived more than three months in the upper respiratory tract after a single intranasal monkey infection; the period was reduced to 14–28 days during repeated infection. An increase in the portion of B. pertussis Bvg mutants in the population to tens of percent from the total number of registered bacteria was registered. The experimental confirmation of the development and accumulation of avirulent B. pertussis Bvg mutants during the development of the infectious process was obtained. Further study of the composition of the B. pertussis persistent bacteria population at different stages of the disease will make it possible to formulate new approaches to the whooping cough diagnostics and prevention and creation of fundamentally new drugs.

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