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An 8-year-old male patient was admitted to ophthalmology for bilateral progressive blurred vision for 5 years. He had a history of multiple spontaneous fractures. Ocular examination revealed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.5 in the right eye and 0.6 in the left eye. Slitlamp examination showed bilateral blue sclerae, thining of the entire cornea and corneal ectasia. General physical examination demonstrated multi-site ligamentous laxity. The diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfacta was made. The patient was advised to wear rigid gas permeable contact lens with large diameter and stabilized peripheral curve, and the BCVA achieved 0.8 for both eyes.8岁男童因“双眼视物不清进行性加重5年”来诊。既往多发性骨折病史；眼科检查：右眼矫正视力0.5，左眼矫正视力0.6；双眼蓝巩膜、全角膜变薄、前膨。全身查体示多部位韧带较为松弛。该名患者诊断为先天性成骨发育不全，给予患者特殊的大直径联合稳定边弧的方法设计的硬性角膜塑形镜治疗后，双眼矫正视力提高至0.8。.

A 48-year-old man presented to Beijing Tongren Hospital Ophthalmology Department with redness, increased secretions and vision loss in his right eye. He had been treated with pterygium excision and lamellar keratoplasty due to recurrent pterygium in the right eye. After corneal scraping and microbial culture, he was diagnosed as bacterial keratitis after pterygium lamellar keratoplasty in the right eye. After applying topical antibiotic eye drops, removing corneal graft and conducting amniotic membrane transplantation, corneal infection was controlled and his vision was recovered.58岁男性患者因右眼复发性翼状胬肉，行翼状切除联合板层角膜移植术后出现眼红、分泌物增多、视物不见就诊眼科。经角膜病灶刮片、微生物培养，诊断为右眼翼状胬肉板层角膜移植术后细菌性角膜炎，给予局部抗感染、板层角膜植片去除联合羊膜移植术后，角膜感染控制，视力恢复。.

Fungal keratitis is an important cause of corneal blindness in China. Delayed diagnosis and treatment contribute to its poor prognosis. In recent years, with the advancement of laboratory test techniques, imaging diagnostic techniques and treatment methods, the diagnosis and treatment of fungal keratitis has constantly improved. This article reviews the recent progress of the laboratory and imaging diagnosis, medicine and surgical treatment in fungal keratitis. It may be helpful to promote the application of the new technologies in China and to improve the prognosis of fungal keratitis.(真菌性角膜炎是我国角膜盲的重要原因，该病诊断困难、治疗棘手、预后较差。近年来，新的微生物实验室诊断技术和眼前节影像学分析方法不断出现并应用于临床，同时治疗方法也得到进一步改进，使得真菌性角膜炎的诊治水平明显提高。本文针对近年来真菌性角膜炎在实验室诊断、影像学诊断及药物治疗、手术治疗等方面上出现的新进展进行综述，以期促进这些新技术在我国真菌性角膜炎临床诊治过程中的应用。

自2019年12月以来，2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染疫情暴发。该病毒具有传播能力强、临床表现多样、潜伏期长、可隐性传染等特征，对人类生命安全和健康造成严重威胁。随着病例数的不断增加和临床资料的不断丰富，2019-nCoV感染患者除了典型的呼吸系统表现外，与病毒感染相关的心肌损伤情况逐渐受到重视。根据已公布的资料，我们总结了目前已知的2019-nCoV感染患者的心肌损伤表现、特征、对病情及预后的影响，并对可能的损伤机制、治疗方法以及未来的研究方向作一论述。.

As a saturable absorption material, the heterostructure with the van der Waals structure has been paid much attention in material science. In general, the heterogeneous combination is able to neutralize, or even exceed, the individual material's advantages in some aspects. In this paper, which describes the magnetron sputtering deposition method, the tapered fiber is coated by the MoS

Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the brain, accounting for about 40~50% of intracranial primary tumors. Most chemotherapeutic drugs have difficulty in penetrating the blood-brain barrier, and their clinical applications are greatly limited. We evaluated the effects of methylmercury-L-cysteine (MeHg-L-cys) and methylmercury chloride (MMC) on apoptosis of C6 glioma cells. L-type amino acid transporter (LAT1) was used to investigate the targeted transport function and cytotoxicity of MeHg- L-cys in glioma. MeHg-L-cys enhanced the ability of targeting glioma cells and reduced the adverse reactions to normal brain tissues. Therefore, it is significantly important to develop new anti-glioma drugs targeting the blood-brain barrier.

The identification of network targets is one of the core issues used to reveal the molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is also the grand challenge of modernization of TCM. In this study, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on the integration of network pharmacology and metabolomics, which was used as an effective approach to elucidate the relationship between disease pathway proteins and the targets of active small-molecule compounds. The intermolecular transfer process of the drug effect of active compounds in

Fused coating additive manufacturing is proposed to improve forming efficiency and material utilization. The forming property of single-layer single-pass is the basis of the process. The size of the sedimentary section is the smallest feature unit which includes the layer-height and pass-width. In this paper, the Design Expert 8.0.6 software is used to design the single-layer single-pass central composite experiment. In the reasonable parameters, the quadratic regression equations between the single layer cross-sectional size and process parameters were established by performing the second regression experiments. The misalignment and significance of the quadratic regression equations were checked and the non-significant variables in the regression model equation were excluded. The quantitative influences of main forming parameters on the single-layer single-pass cross-sectional size were finally analysed in detail.

A novel micro CRLH (composite right/left-handed) wide band filter based on Left handed material (LHM) theory was designed and fabricated. As a promising design, the length of the main part is only 1/20 compared to the working wavelength. It can be used to eliminate the noise in RF interconnect and other area. The phase shift in LHM is negative. This characteristic can decrease the phase delay. And also, the absolute value of phase constant will increase when frequency decrease at the left handed band (LH-band), which contribute to minimize the design. The other advantage of the LHM is that the phase constant will changed to the opposite direction, when the wavelength changed with the working frequency. This provides a negative feedback to the electric length, so the left handed region has a wider band width. Measurements results show that relative bandwidth (3dB) of 8 cells is 71.42%. The relative bandwidth (3dB) of 4 cells is 58.46%.

The cationic copolymerization of styrene and C-5 refinery stream with ionic liquid (Et3NHCl-AlCl3) as catalyst was reported in this paper. Effects of polymerization conditions on the softening point and colour were investigated. Et3NHCl-AlCl3 catalyst improved the colour of resin compared with AlCl3 and minimising process waste water production. The use of styrene futher improved the colour of resin. The optimum reaction conditions for this reaction are as follows: w(styrene) = 20 %; solvent: CHCl3; m(Et3NHCl-AlCl3) = 2.6579 g; X(AlCl3) = 0.69; T = -5 degrees C.

Comparative experiments of oil and water-cooling were performed on a 4-cylinder automotive gasoline engine and a single-cylinder direct injection Diesel engine. Measurements were made to investigate the variation of fuel consumption, combustor wall temperature and engine emissions (HC, CO, NOx and smoke) with two cooling media at steady-state conditions. Significant improvement of fuel economy was found mainly at partial load conditions with oil-cooling in comparison with the baseline water-cooling both for the two engines. The experimental results also showed general trend of reduction in engine emissions using oil as the coolant. Measurements of wall temperature demonstrated that oil-cooling resulted in considerable increase of the combustor wall temperature and reduce of warm-up period in starting process. For automotive gasoline engine, road tests indicated the same trend of fuel economy improvement with oil-cooling. The performance of the automotive oil-cooled engine was further improved by internal cooling with water or methanol injection.

In typical laser-driven proton acceleration experiments Thomson parabola proton spectrometers are used to measure the proton spectra with very small acceptance angle in specific directions. Stacks composed of CR-39 nuclear track detectors, imaging plates, or radiochromic films are used to measure the angular distributions of the proton beams, respectively. In this paper, a new proton spectrometer, which can measure the spectra and angular distributions simultaneously, has been designed. Proton acceleration experiments performed on the Xtreme light III laser system demonstrates that the spectrometer can give angle-resolved spectra with a large acceptance angle. This will be conductive to revealing the acceleration mechanisms, optimization, and applications of laser-driven proton beams.

(1994). RESOLUTION OF 5-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE. A PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS OF (S)- AND (R)-VIGABATRIN. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 567-570.

The α-ester group of N-protected diethyl aspartate ( 1a ) or diethyl glutamate ( 1b ) was selectively reduced using diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBALH) in the presence of a lithium trialkylphosphonoacetate ( 2 ) to afford N-protected γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylates ( 4 ).

An x-ray pinhole camera and a monochromatic K-alpha imager are used to measure the interactions of intense femtosecond laser pulses with Cu foil targets. The two diagnostics give different features in the spot size and the laser energy scaling, which are resulted from different physical processes. Under our experimental conditons, the K-alpha emission is mainly excited by the fast electrons transporting inside the cold bulk target. In contrast, the x-ray pinhole signals are dominated by the broadband thermal x-ray emission from the hot plasma at the front target surface. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3567014]

An efficient methodology for the enantioselective synthesis of γ-lactams, using a one-pot reaction of chiral N-alkoxycarbonyl γ-amino α,β-unsaturated carboxylates with magnesium in methanol, afforded the target chiral compounds in high chemical yield (87–95%) and optical purity (96–99% ee).

An efficient methodology for the enantioselective synthesis of γ-lactams, using a one-pot reaction of chiral N-alkoxycarbonyl γ-amino α,β-unsaturated carboxylates with magnesium in methanol, afforded the target chiral compounds in high chemical yield (87–95%) and optical purity (96–99% ee).

The α-ester group of N-protected diethyl aspartate ( 1a ) or diethyl glutamate ( 1b ) was selectively reduced using diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBALH) in the presence of a lithium trialkylphosphonoacetate ( 2 ) to afford N-protected γ-amino-α,β-unsaturated dicarboxylates ( 4 ).

Magnesium methoxide is a simple, effective and highly selective reagent for the deprotection of N-alkoxycarbonyl lactams. The cleavage occurs via six-membered ring transition states involving coordination of magnesium ion with the oxygens of the carbamate and lactam carbonyl groups.

(1994). RESOLUTION OF 5-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE. A PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS OF (S)- AND (R)-VIGABATRIN. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 567-570.

The effects of preplasma on lateral fast electron transport at front target surface irradiated by ultraintense (>1018 W/cm2) laser pulses are experimentally investigated. A spherically bent quartz crystal is used to record two-dimensional spatially resolved K α x-ray emission resulting from fast electron transport. A large (∼ 600µm in diameter) annular K a halo structure surrounding a central spot is observed when a preplasma is presented. Furthermore, the halo size increases with the preplasma scale length, and it finally vanishes when the scale length is sufficiently large. Moreover, an obvious reduction of the K α yield measured by a single photon counting charge-coupled device (CCD) is observed for a large preplasma scale length. Specially designed step-like target is used to identify the possible electron transport mechanisms resulting in the experimental observations. It is believed that the halo of the K α x-ray emission is mainly generated by the out-going fast electrons laterally diffused in the self-generated magnetic and electrostatic fields in the preplasma. This understanding is supported by the simulated fast electron trajectories in specified magnetic and electrostatic fields using a two-dimensional numerical model.

Hard Kα x‐ray source profile and intense Terahertz radiation from femtosecond laser‐plasma interactions are studied. When a preplasma is presented, a weak halo surrounding a bright spot is observed in the x‐ray source. The x‐ray photons in the halo are mainly excited by the fast electrons that flow laterally near the target surface. Intense Terahertz radiation has been observed in the laser specular direction. The pulse energy of the radiation reaches tens of μJ/sr.

The design of proto type of Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) is introduced. A description of the kinematics of Compton backscattering mechanism and the related simulation results are presented and discussed. The backgrounds from dipole magnet and bremsstrahlung are estimated and the signal‐background ratio is also given.

Recent experimental and theoretical studies on surface electron emission will be presented. A collimated fast electron beam was observed along the target surface irradiated by intense laser pulses up to 20TW when the laser is incident with large angles such as over 45 degree. Numerical simulations suggest that such an electron beam is formed due to the confinement of the surface quasistatic electric and magnetic fields. Meanwhile, an acceleration process similar to the inverse‐free‐electron‐laser is found to occur and is responsible for the generation of the most energetic electrons. A general formula for electron angular distributions accounting for the quasistatic electric and magnetic fields is given. In certain conditions, quasi‐monoenergetic electron beams are also produced. These results are of interest for potential applications of laser‐produced electron beams and helpful to the undersanding of the cone‐target physics in the fast ignition related experiments.

An accurate method for the determination of bifonazole in cream is described. The analytical column was packed with Hypersil ODS. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.08 mol/L aqueous triethylamine (TEA) phosphate solution(pH 7.0)-acetonitrile-methanol (20:10:70, V/V) and the detection wavelength was 254 nm. This method is simple, accurate and can be used for the quality control of bifonazole in cream.

Different-sized CuO nanocrystals were prepared by precipitation-pyrolysis method, with sizes of 7 nm, 10 nm, and 30 nm. The absorption spectra of CuO nanocrystals showed clear bandshift as an evidence of the quantum size effect. On a measurement device with a diamond anvil cell, the pressure-resistance relations of different-sized CuO nanocrystals under pressure up to 20 GPa at room temperature were obtained. The experimental results showed varying pressure-dependent resistance of CuO nanocrystals of different sizes. There was an interesting phenomenon occurring for the smallest CuO nanocrystal (7 nm), that is, a significant resistance fluctuation of large amplitude under pressure appears with a frequency-field dependence. This fluctuation clearly originates from surface charge oscillations on the surface of many nanocrystals with the incident field due to the size effects.

To study the role of norepinephrine system in the cardiovascular response to intracerebroventricular substance P (SP) in rabbit.SP was given intracerebroventricularly in anesthetized rabbits pretreated with the catecholaminergic neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The density and affinity of SP receptors on synaptosomal membranes of the hypothalamus and the ventral medulla of rabbits were determined by [125I]SP receptor assay. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded.Intracerebroventricular (icv) pretreatment of rabbits with 6-OHDA, reduced norepinephrine in the hypothalamus (by 86.7 %) and in the ventral medulla (by 77.0 %) respectively. The pressor response and tachycardia of these rabbits to icv SP (3.55 nmol . kg-1) were attenuated. The density and the affinity of SP receptors in the hypothalamus and the ventral medulla of 6-OHDA-lesioned rabbits were decreased. The Bmax (pmol . g-1 protein) of SP receptors in hypothalamus and the ventral medulla are 108 +/- 5, 35.9 +/- 2.2 in control group, and 42 +/- 18, 20 +/- 5 in 6-OHDA-lesioned rabbits, respectively. Kd (nmol . L-1) of SP receptors in the two regions are 0.015 +/- 0.004, 0.014 +/- 0.006 in control group and 0.029 +/- 0.001, 0.015 +/- 0.003 in 6-OHDA group. There is a significant difference of Bmax (P0.01) and Kd (P0.01, P0.05) in both regions between 6-OHDA groups and control groups.The results suggested that central norepinephrine pathways are involved in the cardiovascular response to icv SP.

When coadministered spinally, morphine and clonidine interact synergistically to produce antinociception. The mechanism for the synergism is unknown, but may depend on intracellular messenger systems. Agents that alter the activities of protein kinases alter antinociception produced by opioids, but their effects on clonidine-induced antinociception or the morphine/clonidine interaction are not known. In these studies, mice were pretreated intrathecally with inhibitors or activators of protein kinase C and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A). Antinociceptive responses to intrathecally administered morphine, clonidine and morphine/clonidine combinations were then measured in the radiant heat tail flick test. Inhibition of protein kinase C activity with chelerythrine or calphostin C changed the morphine/clonidine interaction from synergistic to additive. Inhibition of protein kinase A activity with H-89 did not alter the morphine/clonidine interaction, it remained synergistic. Stimulation of protein kinase C activity with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate attenuated morphine antinociception, but did not alter the synergistic interaction. Increasing spinal cyclic AMP concentrations with either forskolin or rolipram attenuated the antinociception produced by separately administered morphine and clonidine, but had no effect on the morphine/clonidine interaction. These results suggest that protein kinase C activity may regulate the interaction between spinal opioid and alpha-2 receptors, stimulated by morphine and clonidine.

We studied the transport of an intense electron beam produced by high intensity laser pulses through metals and insulators. Targets were irradiated at two different intensities, 1017 W/cm2 and 1019 W/cm2, at the laser facility Xtreme Light XL-III in Beijing, a Ti:Sa laser source emitting 40 fs pulses at 800 nm. The main diagnostic was Cu - K α fluorescence imaging. Images of K α spots have been collected for those two laser intensities, for different target thickness, and for different materials. Experimental results are analyzed taking into account both collisional and collective effects as well as refluxing at the edge of the target. The target temperature is evaluated to be Tc ∼ 6 eV for intensity I 1017 W/cm2 (for all the tested materials: plastic, aluminium, and copper), and Tc ∼ 60 eV in aluminium and 120 eV in titanium for intensity I 1019 W/cm2. © 2013 American Institute of Physics.

When morphine and clonidine are coadministered into the spinal cord (intrathecally) the resulting antinociception is greater than would be expected if the drug responses were additive; thus, a synergistic interaction. The mechanism for this synergistic interaction was investigated using agents which alter calcium channel function and G protein function. Drugs were administered intrathecally to mice and antinociception was measured using the tail flick test. The L-type calcium channel antagonists nifedipine (15 micrograms) and verapamil (15 micrograms) and the N-type antagonist omega-conotoxin GVIA (3 and 30 ng) decreased ED50 values for both morphine and clonidine three-to five-fold. The L-type calcium channel activator Bay K 8644 had a biphasic effect; 1.7 ng increased, although 170 ng decreased, morphine and clonidine ED50 values. None of the calcium channel modifiers affected the morphine/clonidine synergism. In mice pretreated with pertussis toxin (PTX, one, 10-ng dose 21 days previously), the morphine ED50 value increased two-fold, although the clonidine ED50 value was not changed. PTX pretreatment did not alter the morphine/clonidine synergism. Also, in PTX-pretreated mice, nifedipine and 1.7 ng Bay K 8644 did not alter the morphine/clonidine synergism. However, in PTX-pretreated animals omega-conotoxin GVIA (3 ng) changed the morphine/clonidine synergism to an additive interaction. Thus, both N-type calcium channels and PTX-sensitive G proteins are likely involved in spinal morphine/clonidine synergism.

To assess the binding parameters and the structure-function relationship of the Vibrio harveyi lux autoinducer, N-(D-3-hydroxybutanoyl)homoserine lactone (D-HBHL), to light emission, a series of acylhomoserine lactone analogues were synthesized and their effects on the stimulation of luminescence of an autoinducer-deficient mutant of V. harveyi, D1, examined. Of the analogues with 3-hydroxyacyl chains, only N-(3-hydroxyvaleryl)homoserine lactone (HVHL) could act as an inducer, with about 85% of the potency of D-HBHL in stimulation of luminescence; the apparent Kd of the putative receptor for HVHL was 3.8 microM, close to that for the natural autoinducer (1.4 microM). Analogues with longer 3-hydroxyacyl chains, N-(3-hydroxyhexanoyl)homoserine lactone and N-(3-hydroxyheptanoyl)homoserine lactone, acted as competitive inhibitors of HBHL with apparent KI values of 77 and 53 microM respectively. Replacement of the 3-hydroxybutanoyl moiety with a 3-methylbutanoyl or 3-methoxybutanoyl group created weak competitive inhibitors, N-(isovaleryl)- and N-(3-methoxybutanoyl)- homoserine lactones, with apparent KI values of 150 and 360 microM respectively. Two other analogues, N-(2-hydroxybutanoyl)- and N-(4-hydroxybutanoyl)-homoserine lactone, could neither stimulate nor inhibit luminescence. The approach used in these studies to demonstrate binding of autoinducer analogues at the same site, as well as measurement of the relative dissociation constant, may be of value in analysing analogues activating or inhibiting luminescence and other processes that are under control of acylhomoserine lactone autoregulators.

The mechanism underlying Leu-enkephalin (LEK) induced increase of the intracellular concentration of free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in rat ventricular myocytes was investigated by using fura-2 AM as a calcium indicator. The results were as follows: LEK (60 mumol/L) elevated [Ca2+]i in ventricular myocytes no matter whether extracellular calcium was removed or not. However, the effect was no longer observed when the calcium in the intracellular pool was depleted by caffeine (5 mmol/L). The LEK effect could also be blocked by naloxone (100 mumol/L), pretreatment of the cells with PTX (200 ng/L) 8-10 h or procain (2 mmol/L). The results suggest that the LEK effect is mediated by coupling of G-protein with delta-receptor that induced Ca2+ release from the intracellular pool in myocytes.

Using intracerebral microdialysis, high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD), we determined the contents of extracellular dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid(HVA) and 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in the striatum of rats after the occlusion of middle cerebral artery (MCAO). The dialysis tube was implanted stereotaxically in the lateral 2/3 of the striatum. No significant effects of stressors were noted on the concentration of neurotransmitter mentioned above. A step rise of extracellular DA and 5-HT accompanied by significant reduction of DOPAC, HVA and 5-HIAA was found 10 minutes after MCAO. From then on, the enhanced concentrations of DA and 5-HT decreased gradually. At 3 hours after MCAO, however, DA and 5-HT were still high with respect to the basal levels. Their metabolites were kept at low levels at 3 hours of MCAO. In conclusion, the massive leakage of DA and its over production of oxygen free radicals are important for the development of ischemic cell damage in the striatum.

We report the recent theoretical and numerical studies of quasi-monoenergetic electron and proton beams in laser solid interactions, where the quasi-monoenergetic electrons are produce in laser interaction with wire-targets and the quasi-monoenegetic protons are produced by ultra-intense circularly polarized laser pulses in a new acceleration regime called phase-stability acceleration. For the generation of coherent radiation at high frequencies, attention is paid on the emission from electron plasma waves excited in a thin solid target.

The spatial and energy distributions of fast electrons emitted from foil targets irradiated by ultrashort intense laser pulses are measured. Four groups of collimated emissions of fast electrons along the front and rear target surfaces are observed for an incidence angle of

Directed crossed aldol type condensations can be carried out in aqueous media using α-halocarbonyl compounds, aldehydes, and metallic zinc or tin.