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Hypertrophic scar is an abnormal fibrous proliferative disease that occurs after deep cutaneous injury, which not only affects aesthetics and function but also has negative psychological effects on the patients. However, the mechanism of hypertrophic scar formation has not been fully elucidated, and its clinical treatment is complex with a high rate of recurrence and no radicle cure. Intervention based on molecular targets will likely be the future direction for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar. In this article, we review the specific roles and mechanisms of drug-targeted interventions in hypertrophic scar formation, including general drugs, cytokines, immunomodulators, herbal extracts, exosomes, and nanomaterials, in the context of advances in both basic and clinical research at home and abroad.增生性瘢痕是皮肤深层损伤后出现的纤维异常增生性疾病，不但影响美观与功能，还会对患者心理产生不良影响。然而增生性瘢痕的发生机制尚未被完全阐明，其临床治疗复杂且复发率高，尚无确切的根治方法。基于分子靶点的干预，将可能是未来预防和治疗增生性瘢痕的方向。该文结合国内外相关基础研究与临床研究进展，围绕一般药物、细胞因子、免疫调节剂、中药提取物、外泌体、纳米材料等药物靶向干预增生性瘢痕的具体作用和机制进行综述。.

The SiC–Ti3SiC2–TiB2 composites herein were prepared in situ by reactive melt infiltration (RMI). The synergy mechanism between Ti3SiC2 and TiB2 on fracture toughness of SiC matrix was investigated. The phase composition and microstructure of SiC–Ti3SiC2–TiB2 composites were studied, and their mechanical properties, such as Vickers hardness, elastic modulus and indent fracture toughness, were compared to those of SiC ceramics and SiC–Ti3SiC2 composites. The crack propagation of SiC–Ti3SiC2–TiB2 composites was simulated via Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM), and the fracture behavior in laminated Ti3SiC2 grains was also evaluated. The results show that SiC–Ti3SiC2–TiB2 composites exhibit an indentation fracture toughness of 9.57 MPa m1/2, which is greatly higher than that of SiC ceramics and SiC–Ti3SiC2 composites. It was suggested that the main toughening mechanisms of lamellar Ti3SiC2 grains and columnar TiB2 grains are crack deflection, crack bridging, grain fracture, delamination and grain pull-out.

The classification of fresh tobacco leaves during the picking process plays an important role in the subsequent roasting. In this paper, a lightweight convolutional neural network is used to detect the maturity of tobacco leaves quickly. Fresh tobacco leaves in the datasets are divided into 3 categories by the picking position, and each category is divided into 4 maturity levels and finally gets 12 types of tobacco leaves with different maturity. To ensure the lightweight of the model, the new network is based on the MobileNetV2 to establish. By utilizing shortcut operation, the shallow network information is preserved, and network degradation is suppressed. In the tobacco leaf datasets we obtained, the improved network has superior performance and compared with other classic networks, the model size and the number of operations have been reduced.

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of systemic small vasculitis characterized by ANCA positive in serum. Three diseases are included in this group of diseases: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). In China, standardized diagnosis and treatment of AAV is still lacking. Based on the evidence and guidelines from China and abroad, the Chinese Rheumatology Association formulated the standardization of diagnosis and treatment of ANCA associated vasculitis. The purpose is to standardize the diagnosis of AAV and disease activity assessment, and recommend the treatment strategies.抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体（ANCA）相关血管炎（AAV）是一组以血清中能检测到ANCA为最突出特点的系统性小血管炎。经典AAV包括肉芽肿性多血管炎、显微镜下多血管炎和嗜酸性肉芽肿性多血管炎。我国AAV的规范化诊断与治疗依然欠缺，中华医学会风湿病学分会在借鉴国内外诊治经验和指南的基础上，制定了本规范，旨在规范AAV的诊断与疾病活动度评估，对患者的治疗策略予以建议。.

Studies have shown that autoimmune disease (AID)-related ulcers are disease complications that lead to serious poor prognosis such as infection and disability. It is difficult to make a clear diagnosis and there are contradictions between the applications of immunosuppressive therapy and anti-infectious therapy. Improper diagnosis and immunosuppressive therapy can easily delay the timing of anti-infectious therapy and surgery for patients, which bring adverse effects on the prognosis of patients. This paper reviews the concept, clinical characteristics and treatment suggestions of each subtype of AID-related ulcers, in order to provide more ideas for AID-related ulcers' clinical diagnosis and treatment.研究显示，自身免疫病（AID）相关性溃疡是引发感染、残疾等严重不良预后的并发症。其明确诊断难度大，治疗上存在免疫抑制治疗与抗感染治疗的矛盾，不恰当的诊断、免疫抑制治疗易延误抗感染及手术治疗的时机，给患者预后带来不良影响。该文综述了AID相关性溃疡的概念、各亚型临床特点和处置建议等，以期为临床AID相关性溃疡的诊疗提供更多思路。.

Stainless steel foils are extensively used in the manufacture of micro-metallic products for their excellent corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength and superior ductility. In the present work, stainless steel foils with 50 μm thickness were annealed at temperatures ranging from 750 to 1150 °C for 5 min and then cupped at drawing speeds ranging from 0.1 to 2 mm/min. The formability of metal foils was systematically investigated and the quality of drawn cups via micro deep drawing (MDD) was discussed. The results show that the total elongation of metal foils appears a gradual increase when annealing temperature rises from 750 to 950 °C. With a further increase of annealing temperature from 950 to 1150 °C, both the ultimate tensile strength and the total elongation decline sharply, while the scatter of stress increases. The results of MDD tests show that wrinkling problem becomes increasingly significant on the drawn cups whilst thickness distribution on the drawn cup mouth become quite nonuniform with the increase of drawing speed from 0.1 to 2 mm/min. Overall, optimal annealing temperature and drawing speed are obtained with the purpose of manufacturing high quality micro circular cups.

With the advantages of high utilization of raw materials, high precision and low cost, micro metallic parts produced by micro deep drawing (MDD) have been tremendously used in a variety of fields such as micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), vehicle engineering and chemical engineering. In order to study the deformation behavior of two-layer stainless steel-copper composite foils during MDD, a series of MDD tests were performed with specimens annealed at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000 °C. The results show that complete circular cups cannot be formed using the as-received material due to its poor formability. For the specimens annealed at 600 and 700 °C, significant wrinkling is observed on the drawn cups. Differently, few wrinkles are characterized on the drawn cups when the composite foils are annealed at temperatures ranging from 800 to 1000 °C. An optimal annealing temperature of 800 °C is obtained for the MDD of stainless steel-copper composite cups with high surface quality.

Copper/aluminum (Cu/Al) laminated composite has been extensively applied in the fields of batteries, electronics and electrochemistry owing to its cost reduction, light weight, good conductivity and resistance to corrosion. The Cu/Al composite strips produced by micro flexible rolling consist of three regions based on different thickness, i.e. the thicker, the transition and the thinner zones, and have a broad application prospect, especially in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS). In this study, the effect of rolling reduction on the coordinated deformation of the Cu/Al interface and the microstructure of Cu/Al matrixes at three regions were investigated. The microstructure of the specimens was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the thickness of thin strips with varying thickness (TSVT) were measured by laser scanning microscope to explore the mechanism of microstructural evolution. The results show that the increase of rolling reduction gives a rise to the proportion of deformation occurred in the Al matrix, and the fracture of the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) is observed at the interface, which plays a significant role of transmitting and releasing stress during plastic deformation.

The fatality rate of patients with critical burns is extremely high, and the clinical treatment is challenging. By reviewing the history on treatment of critically ill burns patients, this article elaborates and analyzes the advanced concepts and technologies at home and abroad about the critical burn treatment in the areas including shock and fluid resuscitation, hypermetabolism and nutrition, inhalation injury and respiratory support, acute kidney injury and continuous renal replacement therapy, wound assessment and management, infection and control, coagulopathy and its prevention and treatment, etc. Furthermore, some thoughts on the future development trend of critical burn treatment are put forward as reference for people in the same field.危重烧伤患者病死率极高，临床救治具有一定挑战。本文通过回顾危重烧伤救治沿革，对当今国内外危重烧伤救治中的休克与液体复苏、高代谢与营养治疗、吸入性损伤与呼吸支持、急性肾损伤与连续性肾脏替代治疗、创面评估与处理、感染与控制、凝血功能障碍与防治等方面的先进理念和技术进行阐述和分析，并就危重烧伤救治未来的发展趋势提出几点思考，供同道参考。.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the malignant transformation of cancer. MicroRNAs are a group of small non-coding RNA molecules that down-regulate the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. Although microRNA-185 (miR-185) participates in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer, its relationship with EMT in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been investigated. The present study aims to elucidate the regulatory effects of miR-185 on EMT in HCC cells.MTT and an in vitro wound-healing assay were performed to determine cell growth and metastasis potential, respectively. Real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of miR-185 and Six2. In addition, protein expression levels of Six2 and EMT-related markers were determined by western blot.Our study showed that miR-185 was significantly down-regulated in HCC cells. Also, a luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed Six2 as a direct target of miR-185. Functional analyses indicated that miR-185 up-regulation remarkably suppressed cell growth and the metastatic potential of HCC cells. We also found that ectopic expression of miR-185 reversed EMT via the up-regulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of vimentin in epithelial and mesenchymal HCC cells.miR-185 suppresses cell growth and EMT progression by targeting Six2, providing a novel target for the molecular treatment of liver malignancies.

Aggravating disease and the accompanying increase in the frequency of hemodialysis interventions worsen the quality of life of patients leading to poor physical and psychological outcomes. Music-based interventions have been suggested to improve both the physical and psychological prognoses for patients undergoing hemodialysis. Two meta-analyses on the impact of music-based interventions on anxiety in patients undergoing hemodialysis failed to evaluate the impact of these interventions on other physiological outcomes. Therefore, in this study, we gather evidence on the effects of music-based interventions on physical and psychological outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. To determine the influence of music-based interventions on anxiety, pain, heart rate, and blood pressure (systolic, diastolic) in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis, we performed a systematic literature search adhering to PRISMA guidelines on the EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and MEDLINE academic databases. We performed meta-analyses to consolidate the evidence on the influence of music-based interventions on the physical and psychological outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. From 1,402 studies, we found eight eligible studies with 597 (264 women, 287 men) patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis (mean age, 56.9 ± 10.8 years). Among these patients, 298 received the music-based intervention and 299 were included as controls. Our meta-analysis revealed a small-to-medium effect of the music-based intervention to reduce pain levels (Hedge's g, -0.75), anxiety (-0.16), heart rate (-0.15), and systolic (-0.14) and diastolic blood pressure (-0.11) in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis as compared to the values of the same variables in the control group. The evidence from our analyses supports the beneficial impact of music-based interventions to alleviate anxiety and pain, and to reduce heart rate and blood pressure in these patients.

A new benzylated alkamide, N-(3-methoxybenzyl)hexadec-9Z-enamide (1), and a known analogue (2) were isolated from the roots of Lepidium meyenii. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. All the isolated alkamides were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines but found to be insignificant at concentrations up to 40 μM.

Microscopic pore structure and water distribution are important and fundamental parameters for coalbed methane reservoir characterisation. These are closely related to the calculation/interpretatio...

Sodium and chloride are the key factors maintaining normal osmotic pressure (OSM) and volume of the extracellular fluid, and influencing the acid–base balance of body fluids. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Na+ and Cl− level on growth performance, excreta moisture, blood biochemical parameters, intestinal Na+–glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) messenger RNA (mRNA), and Na+–H+ exchanger 2 (NHE2) mRNA, and to estimate the optimal dietary sodium and chlorine level for yellow-feathered chickens from 22 to 42days. A total of 900 22-day-old Lingnan yellow-feathered male chickens were randomly allotted to five treatments, each of which included six replicates of 30 chickens per floor pen. The basal control diet was based on corn and soybean meal (without added NaCl and NaHCO3). Treatments 2 to 5 consisted of the basal diet supplemented with equal weights of Na+ and Cl−, constituting 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% of the diets. Supplemental dietary Na+ and Cl− improved the growth performance (P

The various systems and organs of the pediatric body are still in the developmental stage, with immature anatomy and physiology. Pediatric patients with inhalation injury are often in critical conditions, being prone to respiratory difficulties and even evolving into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The changes are rapid with extremely high mortality rate, bringing certain challenges to clinical treatment. This article reviews the causes, characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of pediatric inhalation injury for peer reference.小儿机体的各个系统和器官尚处于发育阶段，解剖和生理均不成熟。小儿吸入性损伤后往往病情重，容易出现呼吸困难甚至演变成急性呼吸窘迫综合征，病情变化快，病死率极高，临床救治具有一定挑战。本文就小儿吸入性损伤的原因、特点、诊断及治疗进行阐述，以供同行参考。.

As one of the important means for saving severely burned patients, mechanical ventilation can not only improve the function of important organs such as heart, lung, and kidney, but also stabilize the homeostasis of the body, thus promoting the recovery of patients. Improper use of mechanical ventilation, however, can lead to many complications, among which the ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is one of the most common and serious complications, accompanying with a high mortality rate. The target of preventing VILI is to minimize the risk of lung injury caused by mechanical ventilation. This article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and early prevention and treatment of VILI caused by mechanical ventilation in burned patients.机械通气是抢救危重烧伤患者的重要手段之一，能改善心、肺、肾等重要器官的功能，稳定身体内环境并促进患者康复。但是机械通气使用不当可引发诸多并发症，其中呼吸机相关性肺损伤(VILI)为最常见也是最严重的并发症之一，致死率高。预防VILI的目标是将机械通气导致肺损伤的风险降至最低。本文就烧伤患者使用呼吸机导致VILI的发病机制、诊断以及如何早期预防治疗进行综述。.

To investigate the effects of soybean isoflavone (SI) on immunity in infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)-infected broilers, chicks were fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (non-infected control), 0 (infected control), 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg SI for 44 days. At 21 days old, chickens were inoculated with bursal infectious dose causing 50% morbidity of the IBDV BC 6/85 strain by the eye-drop and nasal route (except for non-infected controls). Results showed that, over 1–23 days post-infection (dpi), there was a significant interaction between SI supplementation level and time: high-level SI supplementation increased peripheral T lymphocyte proliferation, percentages of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes, CD4+to CD8+ratio, serum concentrations of IgA, IgM and IgG, and IBDV antibody titres. Except for serum IgA and IgM, these variables increased over time with far higher values at 23 dpi than earlier. Compared with non-infected controls, IBDV inoculation decreased peripheral T lymphocyte proliferation at 3 dpi, percentages of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes, and serum IgG, IgM concentration at 23 dpi, and increased IBDV antibody titres at 7, 15 and 23 dpi. Supplemental SI quadratically increased peripheral T lymphocyte proliferation, CD4+to CD8+ratio and serum IgA concentration at 3 dpi, percentages of CD3+, CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes at 3 and 23 dpi, and serum IgM concentration and IBDV antibody titres at 23 dpi. These results indicate that dietary SI improved cellular and humoral immunity of IBDV-infected birds and may enhance resistance of Yellow-feathered broilers to infectious diseases.

Glutamine plays an important role in neonatal growth and health. It is unknown whether supplementing the lactating sows’ diet with glutamine will benefit the growth performance and intestinal development of suckling piglets through increasing content of milk glutamine. A total of 24 lactating sows (Large White) were fed diets supplemented with/without 1% glutamine throughout the 21-d lactation. Feed intake of the sows was recorded, blood and milk samples were collected. Piglets were weighed at birth and weaning, one piglet randomly selected from each litter was sacrificed for morphological analysis of the small intestine. Average daily feed intake of the sows did not differ between control and glutamine groups. Concentrations of total protein and urea nitrogen in sows’ serum was increased by glutamine at d 14 of lactation (P

The study was to determine whether the expression of genes involved in intestinal water and ion transport would be affected by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 both in vitro and in vivo. First, 36 male piglets (4 d old) were randomly allotted to either the control or the ETEC K88 group. Each group had 6 replicates with 3 piglets per replicate. All piglets were fed with the same diets for 17 d. On d 15, piglets in the ETEC K88 group were challenged with ETEC K88 (serotype O149:K91:K88ac) at 1 × 108 cfu per pig, whereas those in the control group received the same volume of sterile PBS. After being challenged with ETEC K88 for 72 h (d 18), 1 piglet from each replicate was selected for slaughter to collect samples from the jejunum, ileum, and colon. The mRNA expression and protein abundance of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the ileum and colon were increased compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in the ileum and colon was increased by ETEC K88 challenge (P < 0.05), whereas in the jejunum, both its mRNA and protein expression were increased by ETEC K88 treatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, an established porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) was used to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of ETEC K88 on expression of water channel aquaporins (AQP) and ion transporters. Cells (1.17 × 106 per well) were grown in 6-well plates and treated with ETEC K88 at a multiplicity of infection of 50:1 for 3 h. The mRNA expression of AQP3, AQP11, and Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) in IPEC-J2 cells was reduced after ETEC K88 treatment (P < 0.05). Further analyses using western blotting also demonstrated that ETEC K88 decreased the protein expression of AQP3, AQP9, and AQP11 in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase A (PKA) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) were decreased by ETEC K88 challenge (P < 0.05). The results indicate that ETEC K88 challenge induced differential expression of intestinal ion transporters and AQP in young piglets, probably by regulation of the cAMP–PKA signaling pathway. This study might provide new insights about the importance of fluid homeostasis in control of ETEC-induced diarrhea in young piglets.

The uneven development of adipose tissues reflects a differential occurrence of biological events in vivo while the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, the in vivo inflammatory status of an inbred obese porcine model, Lantang pig, was assessed, aiming to provide evidence for obesity biology. Compared with genetically lean pigs (crossbred, Duroc × Landrace × Large White), Lantang pigs exhibited a larger amount of ultra large adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose tissue accompanied with higher expression of macrophage/monocytes markers and pro-inflammatory genes (TLR4, CD14, CD11β, MCP1, TNFα, IL1β and IL6) and lower expression of cellular antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, 2 and 3). Plasma concentrations of LPS and TNF-α were also higher in Lantang pigs than in lean pigs. Among adipose tissues of Lantang pigs, the subcutaneous tissue had the most abundant expression of inflammation related genes (TLR4, CD14, TNFα and IL6) and the lowest level of cellular antioxidant genes (SOD 1 and 2), while the perirenal adipose tissue had opposite profile. Significant activation of p38 MAPK pathway was indicated by increased phosphorylation of p38 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of Lantang pigs. Collectively, the bacteria-derived LPS induced inflammation-associated oxidative stress indeed exists in adipose tissues of Lantang pig, and the differential expressions of inflammatory and antioxidant genes, to some extent, account for the uneven development of the adipose tissue within bodies.

中华医学会儿科学分会心血管学组、中华医学会儿科学分会心血管学组心肌炎协作组、中华儿科杂志编辑委员会及中国医师协会心血管医师分会儿童心血管专业委员会组织全国相关专家，根据国内外新近的研究结果，在现行的诊断标准的基础上对于儿童心肌炎的诊断标准进行了研讨，此后进行了反复修改，发布了"儿童心肌炎诊断建议（2018年版）"。本文对此建议进行解读。.

The need of small high thrust-to-weight ratio aeroengine is growing. One way to meet this is higher through flow rate of engine. Higher engine mass flow means higher turbine mass flow. In the paper, a small turbine is designed and then promoted with higher flow rate. First the definition of universal turbine through flow capability is discussed and formulated. Then the design and flow rate promotion process of a turbine is introduced. And three design results are obtained and compared, marked MI, MII, and MIII. Among them, MI is original design result with highest efficiency of 0.8899 but doesn’t meet mass flow requirement. MII and MIII are two retrofitted turbines based on MI both with improved mass flow rate by about 3.40%. Different flow rate improvement methods are implemented for the two turbines. S shape endwall is applied to MII stator shroud and MIII turns down stator blade exit angle a bit. MII has higher efficiency than MIII but through flow capability is in fact lowered. Efficiency decline has been seen in both two redesigned turbines compared to MI. The reason possibly lies in the increased rotor shock loss found by detailed CFD flow analysis. Finally, MII is regarded as the best result of which efficiency is 0.8884.

The effective measure of bank systemic risk to financial market stability plays an important role. Minimum difference entropy analysis and stress testing method changed in this article uses both scholars and build systemic risk of infection matrix norm theory by combining innovative matrix theory norm with rows and columns norm to do precisely this issue metrics. And listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange has all the assets related to equity holders and changes in the inter-bank and systemic risk situation empirical analysis for the study. The results show that the systematic risk of the size and influence of the banks in the industry with a difference, so the establishment of “bankruptcy as the core” of financial institutions exit mechanism, in essence, is to get rid of “financial security at the end, “ the habit of thinking, while effectively reduce and prevent systemic risks in the financial operation of the capital markets and deepen the reform of the banking system to create better conditions.

Betatrophin is a recently identified protein that has been shown to be associated with lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. This study aimed to measure serum betatrophin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and evaluate the association of betatrophin with diabetic retinopthy (DR). Serum betatrophin concentrations were compared between (1) gender-, age- and body mass index-matched T2DM patients with (n=17) or without (n=33) DR; (2) gender-, age-, and body mass index-matched healthy subjects (n=31), newly-diagnosed T2DM patients before treatment (n=24), and T2DM patients under antidiabetic treatment (n=35). Serum betatrophin concentrations were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the association between betatrophin concentration and DR. Serum betatrophin concentration was significantly associated with DR in T2DM patients under treatment (Odds Ratio 2.01; 95% Confidence Interval 1.12-3.60; p=0.019). Betatrophin concentrations were significantly increased in treated T2DM patients compared to the healthy subjects (4.17±0.60 vs. 0.54±0.07 ng/ml; p0.001). Serum betatrophin concentrations are increased in T2DM patients under antidiabetic treatment and positively associated with diabetic retinopathy.

Three-dimensional nanoporous graphene monoliths are utilized to prepare graphene-poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and electro-mechanical properties. Pre-treatment of the polymer (poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF) with graphene oxides (GOs) facilitates the formation of uniform and thin PVDF films with a typical thickness below 100 nm well coated at the graphene nano-sheets. Besides their excellent compressibility, ductility and mechanical strength, the nanoporous graphene-PVDF nanocomposites are found to possess high sensitivity in strain-dependent electrical conductivity. The improved mechanical and electro-mechanical properties are ascribed to the enhanced crystalline β phase in PVDF which possesses piezoelectricity. The mechanical relaxation analyses on the interfaces between graphene and PVDF reveal that the improved mechanical and electro-mechanical properties could result from the interaction between the –C=O groups in the nanoporous graphene and the –CF2 groups in PVDF, which also explains the important role of GOs in the preparation of the graphene-polymer nanocomposites with superior combined mechanical and electro-mechanical properties.

Summary This study assessed the effects of feeding high peanut meal diets of reduced crude protein (CP) content supplemented with essential amino acids (EAA) on growth performance, carcass traits, biochemical indices in plasma, and nitrogen (N) retention of male and female Lingnan Yellow broilers from day 22 to day 42 of age. Each of four dietary treatments (19%, 18%, 17% or 16% CP, dietary CP level reduced by the reduced dietary peanut meal) contained six replicate pens with 35 birds of each sex (males and females with equal number), separately (1680 in total). The three diets with reduced CP were supplemented with 5 EAA to meet the requirements and provide the same levels as in the 19% CP diet. Average daily gain decreased and feed:gain ratio was worse in both sexes with reduced CP% (linear, p

We have proposed a new technique to obtain highly polarized atoms for improving the sensitivity of the all-optical Cs atomic magnetometer. In a Bell–Bloom magnetometer, the resonance pumping from the ground state F g = 3 to the excited state F e = 4 at the D1 line is used to polarize the Cs atoms and populate the sublevels of the | F g = 4 , m F = 4 ⟩ partly as the transition F g = 4 → F e = 3 remains leaking. Here we utilize a modulation technique to generate a sideband frequency to pump both transitions simultaneously, which drives more atoms to the target state | F g = 4 , m F = 4 ⟩ . This improvement significantly increases the magnetic resonance signal but with little effect on its linewidth. It is very suitable for the miniaturization of the atomic magnetometer in the future.

The Circular Consecutive-k-out-of-n (Cir/Con/k/n) system consists of n components arranged in a circular sequence and each component has different reliability. The purpose of optimization is to obtain an optimal assignment which can make the Cir/Con/k/n system most reliable. As the number of components n increases, the computation time for the optimization of Cir/Con/k/n system will increase considerably. In this paper, we propose applying the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to obtain quasi optimal assignments for such problems. First of all, we describe the basic principles and the operation procedures of ACO through pseudo code. After that, a large number of simulation experiments on different types of systems and components are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the ACO. The results of simulation experiments demonstrate the advantage of ACO in the optimization of Cir/Con/k/n system.

The objective of this trial was to test the effects of oxidative stress induced by a high dosage of dietary iron on intestinal lesion and the microbiological compositions in caecum in Chinese Yellow broilers. A total of 450 1-day-old male chicks were randomly allotted into three groups. Supplemental iron (0, 700 and 1,400 mg/kg) was added to the basal diet resulting in three treatments containing 245, 908 and 1,651 mg/kg Fe (measured value) in diet respectively. Each treatment consisted of six replicate pens with 25 birds per pen. Jejunal enterocyte ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that a high dosage of dietary iron induced oxidative stress in broilers. Dilated endoplasmic reticulum (ER), autophagosome formation of jejunal enterocytes and decreased villi were caused by this oxidative stress. Compared to the control, concentration of the malondialdehyde (MDA) in jejunal mucosa in the 908 and 1,651 mg/kg Fe groups increased by 180% (p < .01) and 155% respectively (p < .01); activity of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD) increased in jejunum (p < .01); and the concentration of plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased by 34.9% (p < .01) in birds fed 1,651 mg/kg Fe. Gene expression of nuclear factor, erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), in the higher dietary Fe groups was enhanced (p < .05). Species of microbial flora in caecum increased caused by oxidative stress. The PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) dendrograms revealed different microbiota (65% similarity coefficient) between the control and iron-supplemented groups (p < .05). These data suggest high dosage of iron supplement in feed diet can induce oxidative stress in Chinese Yellow broilers, and composition of microbiota in the caecum changed. It implied there should be no addition of excess iron when formulating diets in Chinese Yellow broilers.

With our country going into the aging society, burns in the elderly often occur. Studies have shown that the number of elderly burn patients has reached 13% to 20% of the total number of burn patients. As the sensory and cognitive functions are low, skin is thinning, the functions of heart, lung, and kidney are reduced, the immunity is impaired, and other physiological characteristics exist in the elderly, the wounds of elderly burn patients often heal slowly, and the mortality is high. At present, there is still a lack of enough attention to the elderly burn patients. In this review, according to the physiological characteristics of the elderly, for reference to our peers, we make a summary of the treatment of elderly burn patients, such as fluid resuscitation, wound treatment, acute kidney injury management, infection management, and nutritional support.

SiCf/SiC composites have attracted wide attention as thermo-structural materials owing to its extraordinary properties at elevated temperature. To further improve the toughness of SiCf/SiC, Ti3SiC2 is used as the reinforcement of SiC matrix. In this study, the effect of Si content on the formation of Ti3SiC2 was discussed. The melt Si infiltration method was used to prepare the SiC matrix, whichTi3SiC2phase was in-situ formed from the reaction between TiC, C and Si during the infiltration process. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were determined to characterize the phase constitution and microstructure of the matrix. The results demonstrate that the synthesis of Ti3SiC2 was depended on the amount of Si during the molten Si infiltration. The small amount of Si could resulted in the incomplete infiltration reaction. TiSi2 was obtained at the presence of excessive Si. Thus appropriate amount of Si promotes the formation of Ti3SiC2 and improves the purity.

To analyze the phenotypic characteristics of LAP(+) CD4(+) T lymphocytes and investigate their molecular mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment.Fifty colorectal cancer patients treated in our two hospitals from January 2014 to May 2014 were included in this study. Their tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues, peripheral blood samples, and peripheral blood samples of 25 healthy donors (HD) were collected to isolate the lymphocytes. The different expressions of CCR7, CD45RA, Foxp3, CTLA-4, CCR4 and CCR5 in LAP(+) CD4(+) T and LAP(-)CD4(+) T lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).The FCM assay detected that the percentage of LAP(+) CD4(+) T cells in peripheral blood of the CRC patients were significantly higher than that of HD [(9.44±3.18)% versus (1.49±1.00)%, P0.001]. In addition, significantly more LAP(+) CD4(+) T cells were also recruited into tumor tissue than those in the tumor-adjacent normal tissue [(11.76±3.74)% versus (3.87±1.64)%, P0.001]. LAP(+) CD4(+) T cells in the tumor-adjacent normal tissue and peripheral blood of both HDs and CRC patients mainly displayed a central memory phenotype. However, effector memory lymphocytes were predominant in the tumor tissue.In the tumor tissue, the expression of Foxp3 in the LAP(+) CD4(+) T cells was (3.87±1.12)%, significantly lower than that in the LAP(-)CD4(+) T cells (16.70±2.61)%, (P0.001); the expression of CTLA-4 in the LAP(+) CD4(+) T cells was (36.36±19.14)%, significantly higher than the (19.60±8.91)% in the LAP(-)CD4(+) T cells (P0.001); the expression of CCR4 in the LAP(+) CD4(+) T cells was (37.72±11.14)%, significantly higher than the (30.06±9.14)% in the LAP(-)CD4(+) T cells (P0.001); and the expression of CCR5 in the LAP(+) CD4(+) T cells was (18.86±7.10)%, significantly higher than the (13.92±3.31)% in the LAP(-)CD4(+) T cells (P0.001).LAP(+) CD4(+) T cells with low expression of Foxp3 and high expressions of CTLA-4, CCR4 and CCR5 are tend to be enriched and accumulated in the tumor tissue. The unique phenotypic characteristics make these cells a distinct subset of lymphocytes, apparently different from the traditional CD4(+) CD25(+) Treg cells.

To analyze the status of head circumference development and related factors of microcephaly among infants in Chongqing, China.We included infants aged 7-24 months who had received child health care services at a Chongqing hospital from 1 February 2010 to 1 November 2014. We collected data of sex, age, head circumference, childbirth conditions, mother's pregnancy history, infant feeding patterns, and parents' educational level. Ultimately, 31 902 infants (17 511 males and 14 391 females) were analyzed. The t-test was used to compare head circumference by sex, and logistic regression models used to analyze the related factors of microcephaly. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.Among the different age groups (7-8, 9-10, 11-12, 13-18, and 19-24 months), head circumferences for males were (44.3±1.3), (45.2±1.4), (46.1±1.5), (46.8±1.4), and (47.8±1.4) cm, respectively; for females, head circumferences were (43.1±1.3), (44.1±1.3), (44.8±1.4), (45.7±1.4), and (46.7±1.3)cm, respectively. Head circumference for males were all greater than those for girls (t-values were 32.09, 27.73, 32.21, 41.66, and 32.03, respectively; P0.001). The rate of microcephaly was 3.2% (1 025/31 902) among infants. Birth weights and fetal times were related to microcephaly in infants, with OR (95% CI) values 0.15(0.13-0.18) and 1.31(1.11-1.54), respectively. Factors including urban location, delayed birth, cesarean section, formula feeding, and mixed feeding patterns might reduce the risks of microcephaly compared with suburban location, term birth, eutocia, and breastfeeding; OR (95% CI) values were 0.60 (0.52-0.68), 0.55 (0.44-0.70), 0.76 (0.67-0.87), 0.46 (0.32-0.67), and 0.51 (0.34-0.75), respectively.Head circumference development among infants in Chongqing was satisfactory. Family environmental factors, birth conditions, and feeding patterns were found to be important factors related to microcephaly.

MicroRNAs are a class of essential regulators in cancer, and previous studies have shown that miR-141 is a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is still unknown whether it regulates chemosensitivity. We aimed to investigate the role of miR-141 in cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells.MiR-141 expression in A549 and A549/DDP cell lines have been quantified by real-time PCR. Protein level of PDCD4 and caspase-3 have been determined by Western blot analysis. Drug sensitivity and apoptosis have been determined by MTT assay and TUNEL assay, respectively. Luciferase activity assay was employed to validate the relationship between 3'UTR of PDCD4 mRNA and miR-141.We observed that miR-141 expression was significantly up-regulated in cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP cells compared with the parental cell line A549; and PDCD4, an important apoptosis regulator, was found to be down-regulated. Luciferase activity assay and Western blot analysis confirmed that PDCD4 is a direct target of miR-141. Inhibition of miR-141 in A549/DDP cells markedly increased cisplatin sensitivity and apoptosis, which was partially abrogated by PDCD4 inhibition, indicating that PDCD4 is a functional target of miR-141 in of the regulation of cisplatin sensitivity.Our data showed that miR-141 participates in regulating cisplatin sensitivity in non-small lung cancer cells via PDCD4 inhibition, and suppression of miR-141 might be a therapeutic method to overcome cisplatin resistance in clinical practice.

Optimisation of the physical and mechanical properties of cold rolled thin strips is achieved by controlling the rolling parameters. In this paper, the factors affecting the asymmetrical cold rolling of thin low carbon steel strip have been studied at a speed ratio of 1.1 without lubricant applied. The effect of rolling parameters on the resulting microstructure was also investigated. It was found that under dry condition, work roll shifting and work roll cross angle can improve the strip profile, and the result is more significant with an increase of work roll cross angle rather than that of work roll shifting. However, there was no obvious change in microstructure. In addition, effects of rolling parameters on strip profile and microstructure have also been discussed.

In this study, the influence of rolling process parameters such as the work roll cross angle and work roll shifting value on the strip shape and profile of aluminum have been investigated under dry conditions at a speed ratio of 1.3 using Hille 100 experimental mill. The strip profile was found to improve significantly with increase in work roll cross angle from 0o to 1o, with an associated decrease in rolling force. The effect of roll shifting (from 0 to 8mm) was not as significant as the roll cross angle. However, an increase in work roll shifting value achieved a similar decrease in rolling force as that of work roll cross angle. The effect of work roll shifting was also found to be maximum at an optimum roll speed of 0.0986 m/s for the desired thickness. Of all these parameters, the most significant effect of the strip shape profile was observed with variation of work roll cross angle. However, the rolling force can be a significantly reduced by either increasing the the work roll cross angle or work roll shifting.

Staphylococcal infection is a severe bacterial infection. Finding satisfactory predictable biological markers is essential for the treatment of this condition. In this study, we applied a 32-marker sandwich ELISA-based antibody array to evaluate cytokine changes in Staphylococcus hyicus-inoculated BALB/c mice at 24 and 48 h post infection. Among the cytokines detected, the expression levels of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) were increased to levels more than twice higher than those in the control group 24 h after infection, while the expression of interleukin 12p40p70 (IL-12p40p70) was decreased to less than half the level measured in the controls. The expression of G-CSF, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protei-5, chemokine ligand 11, and KC was upregulated 48 h post infection, whereas IL-12p40p70 expression was still significantly lower (P < 0.05). Among the detected cytokines, the expression levels of G-CSF, IL-6, and KC were constantly upregulated, while IL-12p40p70 was downregulated. This result was then validated by an ELISA assay analysis, which confirmed that G-CSF, IL-6, KC, and IL- 12p40p70 expression levels were specifically modulated after an S. hyicus bacterial infection, while granulocyte monocyte colony stimulation factor, IL-12, and IFNγ levels were significantly increased after a viral infection. Our study indicated the potential of cytokines G-CSF, IL-6, KC, and IL- 12p40p70 as markers for detecting S. hyicus infection. The results of this study may provide useful data for the appropriate use of medication following S. hyicus infection.

This paper presents a literature review on the high-frequency AC distribution system and an experimental relationship for the radiated electromagnetic noise level on the 50kHz AC distribution system in the vehicle system, with regards to the required safety level for human exposures, based on the ICNIRP guidelines. The Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) level of the 500VA/50kHz AC distribution system is measured and the experimental results are analyzed, complying with the standard CISPR16/EN55016. The experimental results verify the viability and safety of the developed high frequency AC distribution system consisting of the inverter, transmission and converter. Furthermore, the effectiveness of different topologies of transmission cables is also examined.

The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, as well as serum and intestinal cytokines and antioxidant indicators of artificially reared neonatal piglets. Three diets, 1) control (a fish meal basal diet), 2) SDAP (containing 10% SDAP), and 3) autoclaved SDAP (auSDAP; containing 10% auSDAP), were fed to 36 weaned piglets (3 d old), which were randomly allotted to 3 groups. At 21 d of age, blood and intestinal mucosal samples were collected from all piglets after they were slaughtered. Compared with the control, both SDAP and auSDAP improved ADFI and duodenal villus height of piglets (P < 0.05), whereas SDAP increased ADG and duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05). Piglets fed SDAP and auSDAP had reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in mucosa (P < 0.05). The concentration of serum MDA was decreased and mucosal catalase (CAT) activities were increased in piglets fed SDAP diet than those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). In the mucosa, both SDAP and auSDAP decreased tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, transforming growth factor β, and soluble IL-2 receptor contents (P < 0.05). Mucosal IL-1β was decreased in SDAP compared with auSDAP and control groups (P < 0.05). The SDAP and control groups had increased mucosal IL-2 compared with auSDAP group (P < 0.05). The cytokines in serum were not affected by SDAP and auSDAP. The results indicate that both SDAP and auSDAP improved the growth performance of neonatal piglets, whereas the SDAP had a greater effect. The benefits of SDAP probably resulted from the promotion of the intestinal development, which were accompanied by the increased antioxidant capacity and the decreased production of inflammatory factors in the intestinal mucosa.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of extracellular CLA on proliferation and differentiation of cultured adipocytes and its dietary supplementation on backfat and intramuscular fat deposition in finishing pigs. Seven-day-old Duroc x Landrace x Large White pigs were killed to obtain adipocytes for culture. Adding 3 forms of CLA (cis-9, trans-11 CLA, trans-10, cis-12 CLA, or CLA mixture) at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, and 400 microM to culture medium for 10 d increased cell differentiation (P < 0.05). In addition, 3 forms of CLA enhanced cell proliferation (P < 0.05) at 50 to 350 microM and inhibited cell proliferation (P < 0.05) at a concentration of 400 microM. Seventy-two Duroc x Landrace x Large White crossbred gilts weighing 60.7 +/- 2.8 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 dietary treatments (control, 1.25% CLA, and 2.5% CLA). The pigs were slaughtered at 100.0 +/- 5.7 kg. Dietary CLA increased lean percentage (3.5 to 4.7%; P = 0.07), intramuscular fat content (P < 0.05), and shear force (P < 0.05), but reduced 10th- and first-rib backfat depth (P

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of dietary glycyl-glutamine (Gly- Gln) on postweaning growth, small intestinal morphol- ogy, and immune response of stressed or nonstressed piglets. Pigs (n = 144; initially 4.49 kg and 14 d of age) were randomly allocated to 24 pens (6 pigs/pen) in an environmentally controlled nursery and assigned to Es- cherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (PBS vs. LPS) and Gly-Gln supplementation (0 vs. 0.15%) in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 6 pens/treatment. The LPS was the stress-inducing agent, and it was injected on d 7 and 14 of the 21-d experiment. Inflammatory challenge with LPS reduced ADG (P < 0.05) and tended to reduce ADFI (P = 0.06) of piglets from d 7 to 21 of the experiment. Sup- plementation of Gly-Gln increased ADG and G:F from d 0 to 21 (P < 0.05). On d 21 (1 wk after the second LPS injection), there was an LPS challenge × diet Gly- Gln interaction for ADFI (P < 0.05), but it was dif- ficult to ascertain whether Gly-Gln increased ADFI. A trend for an LPS challenge × diet Gly-Gln interaction was observed for ADG (P = 0.07). There were no dif- ferences in lymphocyte proliferation among treatments. The LPS challenge increased crypt depth (CD) of the duodenum and decreased the ratio of villus height (VH) to CD of the ileum (P < 0.05) on d 14 (1 wk after the first LPS injection), whereas dietary supplementation of Gly-Gln increased VH of the ileum and VH:CD of the duodenum (P < 0.05). The concentration of periph- eral blood IL-1β was increased by injection of LPS (P < 0.05) and was decreased by dietary Gly-Gln supple- mentation during the experimental period (P < 0.05); however, there was no interaction of LPS challenge × Gly-Gln addition for IL-1β concentration. Concentra- tions of peripheral blood IL-2 tended to increase at d 14 (P = 0.09) and soluble IL-2 receptor tended to de- crease at d 7 (P = 0.06) in piglets supplemented with Gly-Gln; therefore, the peripheral blood IL-2/soluble IL-2 receptor system tended to favor the secretion of IL-2 during the first 2 wk of the experiment. In conclu- sion, considerable suppression of growth and immune function occurred in early weaning piglets challenged with LPS, and such depression could be alleviated by dietary Gly-Gln supplementation independent of the LPS challenge.

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of genistein on the antioxidative defence system and membrane fluidity in chick skeletal muscle cells after supplementation with 0, 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L genistein in 50 μmol/L FeSO 4 / H 2 O 2 treated cells for 24 h. Genistein supplementation recovered the decreased activity of total superoxide dismutase induced by FeSO4/ H 2 O 2 , significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity (p