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Relevance of the topic. Chronic radiation damage to the rectum occurs in 5-10% of patients. The development and application of a method for treating patients with post-radiation rectal injuries using autologous regenerative cells of adipose tissue in a clinic will make it possible to achieve high results in treatment. Purpose – to conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the method of microinjection autotransplantation of tissues based on immunological parameters. Patients and methods. The study involved 66 patients – women aged 28 to 83 years inclusive with complications of radiation therapy (rectovaginal fistulas, radiation proctitis, radiation ulcers). We carried out a comparative analysis of the condition of patients with post-radiation injuries before and after treatment, and also evaluated the role of microinjection autotransplantation of tissues in the treatment of post-radiation injuries of the rectum. The results and effectiveness of treatment were judged by changes in the main immunological parameters. Results. Our results indicate the high efficiency of the method of microinjection autotransplantation of adipose tissue in the treatment of post-radiation damage to the rectum. Impaired repair of damaged tissue in patients with post-radiation damage to the rectum is accompanied by changes in the T-cell level of immunity and an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which leads to a decrease in reparation capabilities, prolonged non-healing of the defect, and progression of the disease. The revealed changes in cellular immunity and cytokine profile are mutually aggravating. At the same time, the use of SVF makes it possible to normalize these indicators, and, accordingly, allows achieving sustainable results in treatment, reducing the risk of complications, and preventing the likelihood of relapses. All this will allow in a short time to objectively assess the somatic status of the patient, the degree of operational risk, choose the most adequate treatment tactics, predict the outcome of treatment in each specific case, and will also give high clinical results (elimination of inflammation, epithelialization of the defect), and will improve the quality of life of patients. Conclusion. The use of SVF will not only eliminate the pathology, but also prevent further relapses by stimulating the regenerative capabilities of the affected tissues, as well as by achieving an immunostimulating, anti-inflammatory effect.