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Overcoming the drawbacks of the existing ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) models which ignore the dynamic or multi-domain switching behaviors, we develop a more comprehensive FTJ model by combining the Time-Dependent Landau-Ginzburg (TDLG) equations to solve the multi-domain dynamic switching of ferroelectric layer and the Non-Equilibrium Green Function (NEGF) to solve the tunneling current. The model successfully reproduces the experimental results of our fabricated metal-ferroelectrics-insulator-semiconductor (MFIS) FTJ. This model empowers us to predict both the dynamic and multi-state switching of FTJ, showing its promise for applications in the high-density data storage and analog computing.

In this letter, we demonstrate a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter comprising a germanium p-type field-effect transistor (Ge p-FET) and an amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide n-type field-effect transistor ( $\alpha $ -IGZO n-FET) on a SiO2/Si (OI) substrate. The key digital figure-of-merits of the CMOS inverter are evaluated, including voltage gain, noise margin (NM), and power consumption. The highest process temperature of this work is 400 °C to enable back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible logic functions in three-dimensional (3D) monolithic integration. Performance advantages in terms of smaller subthreshold swing ( SS ) and higher mobility are also achieved as compared with previously reported p- and n-FETs in CMOS inverters comprising a p-FET and an n-FET with process temperature below 400 °C. The Ge p-FET exhibits a high-field mobility, threshold voltage ( ${V}_{\text {TH}}$ ), and SS of 91 cm2/ $\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ , −0.26 V, 225 mV/decade, respectively, and those for the $\alpha $ -IGZO n-FET are 58 cm2/ $\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ , 0.34 V, 163 mV/decade, respectively. The CMOS inverter shows a voltage gain of 5.5 V/V, NMH of 0.33 V, NML of 0.22 V, and power consumption of less than 0.03 mW at ${V}_{\text {DD}}$ of 1 V.

This paper is concerned with coupled vibration of rotating composite laminated beams under hygrothermal environment. The governing equations of the coupled vibration of the beams considering hygrothermal effects and rotating motion are derived on the base of d’Alembert principle. Green’s function method is adopted to obtain the flapwise-edgewise coupled vibration characteristics of the beams. Then, a comprehensive parametric study on natural frequencies of flapwise and edgewise bending vibrations is numerically performed. Results indicate that the flapwise-edgewise coupling factors are essential for the vibration analysis of the high-speed rotating structures. Temperature variation, moisture concentration, rotating speed, and design parameters have a significant influence on the coupled vibration characters of the beams, and thermal expansion deformation is nonnegligible in the coupled vibration analysis.

We experimentally investigated the dependence of ferroelectricity in Al-doped HfO2 (HAO) films on the annealing temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 800 °C. Increasing the annealing temperature from 600 °C to 700 °C yields an enhanced remnant polarization ( ${P}_{\text {r}}$ ), but a slight reduction in coercive field ( ${E}_{\text {C}}$ ). While the highest reported ${P}_{\text {r}}$ of $23.7~\mu \text{C}$ /cm2 for the HAO films can be obtained with an annealing temperature of 800 °C, an obvious degradation in the uniformity of both ${P}_{\text {r}}$ and ${E}_{\text {C}}$ is observed. In addition, as the annealing temperature increases, the HAO films suffer from the raised leakage current and the degraded endurance characteristics.

In this letter, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) ferroelectric capacitor with non-volatile programmable capacitance. By switching the polarization of the Al-doped HfO2 ferroelectric insulator with the external electric field, the depletion width of the semiconductor can be modulated, leading to the continuously adjustable capacitance of the device. Due to the non-volatility of ferroelectricity, the programmed capacitance is stable without the constant DC bias. We also proposed some potential applications of the capacitor in the data storage and circuit design.

Flexible barriers have been widely adopted to mitigate the debris flow disasters. However, the research on the coupled interaction analysis between flexible barriers and debris flows with boulders in front is rarely reported. In this paper, a two-stage coupled modeling technique which can account for the debris mobility, the non-linear behavior of a flexible barrier, and the dynamic interaction between flexible barriers and debris flows is developed firstly based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method using LS-DYNA. The proposed coupling model is verified by a large-scale field test, comparing the flow velocity and flow depth of the debris flow, as well as the internal force and deformation of the flexible barrier. Further, the proposed numerical model is adopted to study the performance of flexible barrier impacted by debris flow with boulders in front. Two practical cases that the debris flow contains a single boulder with a diameter of 2 m and 1 m in front, respectively, are investigated. The impact positions are both the bottom center of the middle functional module of the barrier. The numerical results show that the barrier cannot intercept the debris flow with a boulder of 2 m in diameter. When the flexible barrier is subjected to three 1 m boulders in front of the debris flow, plastic hinges are formed at impact positions of the steel posts. It is recommended that additional protection measurements are required to maintain the structural integrity.

脑膜瘤的血管内同时出现大B细胞淋巴瘤者十分罕见，既往仅检索到1例报道。为加深对此类碰撞瘤临床病理特征的认识，该文报道1例脑膜瘤合并血管内大B细胞淋巴瘤病例。患者为中年女性，因突发晕厥和肢体僵直入院，磁共振成像（MRI）提示右额叶脑膜瘤。镜下在脑膜瘤的血管内见大B细胞淋巴瘤，免疫组织化学示脑膜瘤细胞上皮细胞膜抗原、D2-40阳性；血管内瘤细胞CD20、CD79α阳性。患者术后予以甲氨蝶呤化疗及利妥昔单抗靶向治疗，6个月未见肿瘤复发。.

By the micro-structural mechanics approach, this study establishes the quantitative stress–strain relationships at the elastic stage with respect to the microscopic features of the particles for anisotropic granular materials that are composed of regularly arranged elliptical particles with the same size. Firstly, the elliptical particle assembly is equated with a lattice network described by beam elements attached to the center of particles. Then, the elastic stress–strain relationships, which exactly show the features of orthotropic micropolar continuum, are established through analyzing the triangular and hexagonal cells based on the principle of energy balance. Finally, the analytical expressions of eight independent parameters in stress–strain relationships are obtained as the functions of particle shape, size, and microscopic contact stiffnesses. Further, the relationship between microscopic parameters and macroscopic elastic constants for anisotropic granular materials is proposed. The analytical expressions are verified by comparison between theoretical and discrete element method (DEM) results for elliptical particle assembly, and the influences of microscopic parameters on the macroscopic elastic constants are investigated in detail according to the proposed analytical expressions. Our work provides some useful insights for the microscopic explanation and the influences of microscopic parameters on the macroscopic mechanical behavior of granular materials.

Emerging researches in humans, pigs and mice, highlighted that estrogen plays a pivotal role in self-renewal and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The present study aimed at evaluating effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on proliferation and apop-tosis of canine-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (cBMSCs) in vitro. The results showed that E2 supplementation at the concentration of 10-11 M promoted the proliferation of cBMSCs by CCK-8 assay and RT-qPCR analysis for the proliferation-related genes, with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin-D1 (CCND1) being up-regulated and cyclin--dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) being down-regulated. Contrarily, analysis of fluores-cence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and RT-qPCR demonstrated that E2 supplementation above 10-11 M had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of cBMSCs and induced apoptosis. Intriguingly,cBMSCs still possessed the capability to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes with 10-11 M E2 addition. Taken together, this study determined the optimal culture condition of cBMSCs in vitro, and has important implications for further understanding the regulatory effect of E2 on the self-renewal of cBMSCs, which are helpful for the clinical application of BMSCs.

A universal transmission line model (TLM) is developed to provide an accurate extraction of specific contact resistivity $\rho_{c}$ for both recessed and non-recessed contacts. This new model eliminates the need for the assumption that semiconductor sheet resistance under the contact $R_{shc}$ is equal to that $\mathrm{in}$ the contact gap region $R_{sh}$ which has been used for decades and expands the application of TLM-based methods for alloyed contacts for the first time. The model was verified experimentally by applying it to directly extract $\rho_{c}, R_{shc}$ , and metal sheet resistance $R_{m}$ of alloyed p+-GeSn contact. The change of $R_{shc}$ due to alloying or recess-etching is well captured and ultra-low $\rho_{c}$ values of $1.0\times 10^{-9}\Omega-\mathrm{cm}^{2}$ are extracted. In contrast, conventional TLM-based methods lead to a large variation $\mathrm{in}\rho_{c}$ extraction and miscalculate $\rho_{c}$ by neglecting the deviation of $R_{shc}$ from $R_{sh}$ .

For the first time, we have achieved contact resistivity $(p_{c}$ ) less than 10 −9 Ω-cm 2 for p-type metal/Si 1-x Ge x contacts with in-situ doping-only technique. This is enabled by an optimized surface Gallium (Ga)-boosted Boron (B)-doped $\mathrm{Si}_{0.5}\mathrm{Ge}_{0.5}$ having active doping concentration $(N_{a})$ of $1.1 \times 10^{21}$ cm −3 grown using reduced pressure chemical vapour deposition (RPCVD). Compared with B-only doped sample with $N_{a}$ of $9\times 10^{20}\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ B and Ga codoping enhances $N_{a}$ by $2\times 10^{20} \mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ reducing $\rho_{c}$ from $1.5\times 10^{-9}\Omega-\mathrm{cm}^{2}$ to 5.7 $\times 10^{10}\Omega-\mathrm{cm}^{2}.\ \rho c$ was extracted using advanced ladder transmission line model (LTLM) structures. It was also found that sub- $10^{9}\Omega-\mathrm{cm}^{2}\rho_{c}$ of our $\mathrm{Ti}/\mathrm{Si}_{0.5}\mathrm{Ge}_{0.5}$ contact can be maintained with thermal budget up to 450°C.

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate comprehensively optimized anti-ferroelectric HfAlO x films, achieving high saturated polarization charge density and doping concentration in doped-HfO2 films. This allowed us to produce an ultrathin anti-ferroelectric energy storage device with high energy storage density (ESD). With the optimized deposition temperature of 300 °C, Hf:Al ratio of 18:1 and an electrode of tungsten, a 6.5 nm thick anti-ferroelectric HfAlO x film is realized with a high ESD of 63.7 J cm−3, which is the thinnest anti-ferroelectric film among all the reported works, associated with such a high ESD. This not only provides an effective way to improve the scaling ability of anti-ferroelectric HfAlO x films, but also demonstrates a new approach to strengthen the control of the phase transition.

目的 评价含硼替佐米方案诱导-自体造血干细胞移植（ASCT）-维持治疗的整体策略治疗多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的疗效和安全性。 方法 回顾性和前瞻性分析2006年12月1日至2018年4月30日接受含硼替佐米方案诱导-ASCT-维持治疗的整体策略的200例MM患者，分析不同阶段的近期疗效以及长生存，动态分析不同阶段影响疾病进展时间（TTP）和总生存（OS）的危险因素，总结移植后TTP≥6年患者的临床特征。 结果 诱导、移植和维持治疗后的完全缓解（CR）率和≥非常好的部分缓解（VGPR）率分别为31.0%和75.5%、51.8%和87.7%、73.6%和93.4%，诱导4个疗程和≥5个疗程疗效差异无统计学意义。流式细胞术检测微小残留病（MRD）阴性率在诱导后、移植后3个月分别为17.6%和38.2%，随着维持治疗的进行，MRD转阴率逐渐增加。大剂量环磷酰胺+G-CSF动员成功率为95.5%，移植相关死亡率为0。该组患者中位TTP 75.3个月，中位OS 99.5个月，诱导后达CR和MRD阴性患者TTP明显延长，三药诱导和早期移植患者的TTP和OS均明显延长。初诊时LDH≥240 U/L、高危FISH、ISS分期和HBsAg是影响TTP的危险因素，移植后和维持后只有MRD和高危FISH是影响患者TTP的危险因素。移植后TTP≥6年患者具有以下临床特点：M蛋白类型为轻链型，ISS分期为Ⅰ期，起病时HGB和PLT正常、LDH不高，HBsAg阴性，无17p−，对治疗反应好且能维持。 结论 含硼替佐米诱导-ASCT-维持治疗的整体治疗策略可以明显提高MM患者近期疗效和长生存，不同阶段影响TTP的预后因素是动态变化的，对治疗的反应尤其MRD水平的缓解在预后因素中扮演了更重要的角色。

In this study, the development of air ammunition was reviewed and the new technologies in weapons were summarized, the applications of distribution and synergy technology are proposed in air ammunition. Two representative types of operation were developed to use in battlefield, and the influences of weapons development in the future was analyzed.

Reoviruses carry out genomic RNA transcription within intact viruses to synthesize plus-sense RNA strands, which are capped prior to their release as mRNA. The in situ structures of the transcriptional enzyme complex (TEC) containing the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and NTPase are known for the single-layered reovirus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV), but not for multilayered reoviruses, such as aquareoviruses (ARV), which possess a primed stage that CPV lacks. Consequently, how the RNA genome and TEC respond to priming in reoviruses is unknown. Here, we determined the near-atomic-resolution asymmetric structure of ARV in the primed state by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), revealing the in situ structures of 11 TECs inside each capsid and their interactions with the 11 surrounding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome segments and with the 120 enclosing capsid shell protein (CSP) VP3 subunits. The RdRp VP2 and the NTPase VP4 associate with each other and with capsid vertices; both bind RNA in multiple locations, including a novel C-terminal domain of VP4. Structural comparison between the primed and quiescent states showed translocation of the dsRNA end from the NTPase to the RdRp during priming. The RNA template channel was open in both states, suggesting that channel blocking is not a regulating mechanism between these states in ARV. Instead, the NTPase C-terminal domain appears to regulate RNA translocation between the quiescent and primed states. Taking the data together, dsRNA viruses appear to have adapted divergent mechanisms to regulate genome transcription while retaining similar mechanisms to coassemble their genome segments, TEC, and capsid proteins into infectious virions. IMPORTANCE Viruses in the family Reoviridae are characterized by the ability to endogenously synthesize nascent RNA within the virus. However, the mechanisms for assembling their RNA genomes with transcriptional enzymes into a multilayered virion and for priming such a virion for transcription are poorly understood. By cryo-EM and novel asymmetric reconstruction, we determined the atomic structure of the transcription complex inside aquareoviruses (ARV) that are primed for infection. The transcription complex is anchored by the N-terminal segments of enclosing capsid proteins and contains an NTPase and a polymerase. The NTPase has a newly discovered domain that translocates the 5′ end of plus-sense RNA in segmented dsRNA genomes from the NTPase to polymerase VP2 when the virus changes from the inactive (quiescent) to the primed state. Conformation changes in capsid proteins and transcriptional complexes suggest a mechanism for relaying information from the outside to the inside of the virus during priming.

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is crucial in bone development and homeostasis.Normally, it has been suggested to play a significant role in regulation of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoclastogenesis and?ibone mineral density. Dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is responsible for bone tumor, metabolic bone disease, degenerative bone disease and it related to development and invasion of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma.Studies of the molecular mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway provide theoretical basis of a potential target for bone diseases.Wnt/β－catenin信号转导通路是影响骨发育的关键信号转导通路之一。正常情况下Wnt/β－catenin信号维持骨微环境处于稳态平衡，对骨髓间充质干细胞分化、破骨细胞的形成及骨量调节有重要调控作用。而该通路异常可能导致骨肿瘤、代谢性骨病、退行性骨病等各种相关疾病的发生，与骨肉瘤，尤因肉瘤等肿瘤的发生和转移密切相关。对Wnt/β－catenin信号转导通路的研究，为相关的分子靶向药物治疗骨病提供了理论基础。.

Cryptococcal meningitis is a common and refractory central nervous system infection, with high rates of mortality and disability. The experts of the Society of Infectious Diseases of Chinese Medical Association have reached this consensus after a thorough discussion. Based on the current situation of cryptococcal meningitis in China, the management of cryptococcal meningitis includes 6 aspects: introduction, microorganism identification, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, principles of antifungal therapy, treatment of refractory and recurrent meningitis, treatment of intracranial hypertension. There is not a separate consensus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in patients with cryptococcal meningitis. This article focuses on different antifungal regimens and reducing intracranial pressure by reference to Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines. The importance of early diagnosis, combined long-term antifungal therapy, control of intracranial hypertension are emphasized.

To propose a kind of robotic ankle-foot rehabilitation system for children with cerebral palsy and to preliminarily verify its feasibility in clinical application.A robot assisted ankle-foot rehabilitation system was specially designed and developed for children with cerebral palsy and a preliminary clinical study was conducted in Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University First Hospital. Modified Tardieu Scale and joint biomechanical properties (ankle plantar flexion resistance torque under different ankle dorsiflexion angles) were measured to analyze the muscle tone and soft tissue compliance of the ankle plantar flexors pre- and post-robotic training intervention. Six children with cerebral palsy (4 girls and 2 boys, mean age: 7 years) were recruited in this study. Each subject received 5 session robotic training and each session included 10-cycle passive stretching and static hold. SPSS 19.0 software was used for data statistical analysis.Both R1 and R2 angles of Modified Tardieu Scale for ankle plantar flexors after training were significantly higher than those before the treatments (Gastrocnemius: PThe robot assisted ankle-foot rehabilitation system can improve the contracture and soft tissue compliance of cerebral palsy children's ankle plantar flexors. All the children in the study were well tolerated and interested with the training, easy to accept and cooperate with it. This device may be suitable for application in the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy. However, further randomized clinical trials with larger sample size are still needed to verify the long term efficacy of this device.

To investigate the role of microvesicles containing microRNA-21 in renal interstitial fibrosis and its possible mechanism.The renal interstitial fibrosis model was established by unilateral ureteral obstruction, and proximal tubule epithelial cell line (NRK52E) was used for cell model. The phenotype changes of the microvesicles containing microRNA-21 secreted by tubule cells during fibrosis were detected, and possible mechanisms responsible for the process were also analyzed.During the process of renal interstitial fibrosis, microRNA-21 level in the microvesicles secreted by tubule cells was increased. The microRNA-21 released from the damaged renal tubules inhibited the expression of PTEN and activated the AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, thereby exacerbating the renal interstitial fibrosis.MicroRNA-21 secreted by injured proximal tubule epithelial cells participated in renal interstitial fibrosis by activating the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway.

The kinetics of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) during the natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been studied, but the factors affecting them remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the factors affecting HBsAg titres, using data from multicentre, large-sized clinical trials in China. The baseline data of 1795 patients in 3 multicentre trials were studied, and the patients were classified into 3 groups: hepatitis B early antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic HBV infection (n = 588), HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (n = 596), and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (n = 611). HBsAg titres in the different phases were compared, and multiple linear progression analyses were performed to investigate the implicated factors. HBsAg titres varied significantly in different phases (P = .000), with the highest (4.60 log10 IU/mL [10%-90% confidence interval: 3.52 log10 IU/mL-4.99 log10 IU/mL]) in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection. In all phases, age and HBV DNA were correlated with serum HBsAg level. In HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients, a negative correlation between HBsAg titres and fibrosis stage was observed. Alanine amonitransferase or necroinflammatory activity was also correlated with HBsAg titres in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients. In conclusion, decreased HBsAg titres may be associated with advancing fibrosis in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients or increased necroinflammation in those with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Our findings may help clinicians better understand the kinetics of HBsAg and provide useful insights into the management of this disease.

We report the experimental realization of ferroelectricity in Al-doped HfO2 (HAO) with the lowest reported thermal budget of 500 °C. A HAO film annealed at 500 °C for 30 s exhibits ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization ( ${P}_{{\text {r}}}$ ) of $2.95~\mu \text{C}$ /cm2. The ${P}_{{\text {r}}}$ increases to $10.40~\mu \text{C}$ /cm2 when annealing duration is increased to 5 min, and approaches the values annealed at much higher temperatures of 700 to 1000 °C in other previous works. The presence of ferroelectricity has been confirmed by a series of typical phenomena, including the polarization-switched Positive-Up-Negative-Down measurement, the hysteretic polarization-voltage loop, and the butterfly-shaped C-V curves. In addition, comparable endurance characteristics are also obtained with other HfO2-based ferroelectric films.

In this article, steel slag, desulfurization slag of molten iron during steelmaking, and red iron oxide in cold rolling were used as coal-burning additives respectively. The effect of waste slag on coal combustion was investigated by tests on a bench-scale fluidized bed with analyzer for the composition of flue gas. The results indicated that the moderate amounts of industrial waste slag, which were used as coal-burning additives, played a catalytic role in coal combustion, desulfurization, and denitrification, and it was advantageous to the resources recycling.

To investigate the effect of GTPase activating protein Git2 on metastasis in breast cancer.Git2 gene over-expression was induced by Git2 cDNA, and Git2 gene knockdown was induced by Git2 ShRNA lentivirus in four breast cancer cell lines. Six-week old wide type female mice were also used in this study. The cells were tagged with luciferase and injected into wide type female mice by tail vein or 4(th) mammary fat pad, respectively, to establish a cancer metastasis model. In vivo real time imaging system and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the cancer metastasis.The relative mRNA expression level of Git2 (normalized by GAPDH) in the 4T1, 4TO7, 168FARN and 67NR cells were 0.91±0.03, 0.125±0.06, 0.131±0.04 and 0.92±0.04, respectively. The expression of EMT marker E-cadherin was inhibited and N-cadherin and vimentin were enhanced when Git2 was over-expressed in 168FARN cells and 4TO7 cells expressing low level of Git2, whereas the expression of E-cadherin was increased and N-cadherin and vimentin were decreased when Git2 was knocked down in 67NR cells and 4T1 cells expressing high level of Git2. Furthermore, over-expression of Git2 promoted 4TO7 cells to progress from micro-metastasis to macro-metastasis. The down-regulation of Git2 pushed 67NR cells to intravasate into blood circulation and suppressed the metastatic ability of 4T1 cells. The number of bioluminescence photos of lung metastatic 4T1-Luc-KD cells was (0.4±0.05)×10(6,) compared with (3.0±0.04)×10(6) in the control 4T1-Luc cells, showing a significant difference (P0.05).Our results indicate that Git2 is involved in breast cancer initiation and metastatic colonization.

Intelligent patrol based on aircraft can avoid the inconvenience of traditional manual inspection and has become a new inspection method for transmission lines. In order to eliminate the influence of illumination on the inspection images and improve the accuracy of fault identification, various enhancement algorithms are tested and compared and a proper enhancement algorithm is proposed for transmission line recognition and fault detection.

RNA-seq data of rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) were analyzed with bioinformatics tools to unveil potential biomarkers in the disease.RNA-seq data of READ were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential analysis was performed with package edgeR. False discovery rate (FDR)0.05 and |log2 (fold change)|1 were set as cut-off values to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene coexpression network was constructed with package Ebcoexpress. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was performed for the DEGs in the gene coexpression network with DAVID online tool. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was also performed for the genes with KOBASS 2.0.A total of 620 DEGs, 389 up-regulated genes, and 231 down-regulated genes, were identified from 163 READ samples and 9 normal controls. A gene coexpression network consisting of 71 DEGs and 253 edges were constructed. Genes were associated with ribosome and focal adhesion functions. Three modules were identified, in which genes were involved in muscle contraction, negative regulation of glial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix organization functions, respectively. Several critical hub genes were disclosed, such as RPS2, MMP1, MMP11 and FAM83H. Thirteen relevant small molecule drugs were identified, such as scriptaid and spaglumic acid. A total of 8 TFs and 5 miRNAs were acquired, such as MYC, NFY, STAT5A, miR-29, miR-200 and miR-19.Several critical genes and relevant drugs, TFs and miRNAs were revealed in READ. These findings could advance the understanding about the disease and benefit therapy development.

Previous studies have described the structure of purified cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) and that of polyhedrin protein. However, how polyhedrin molecules embed CPV particles inside infectious polyhedra is not known. By using electron tomography, we show that CPV particles are occluded within the polyhedrin crystalline lattice with a random spatial distribution and interact with the polyhedrin protein through the A-spike rather than as previously thought through the B-spike. Furthermore, both full (with RNA) and empty (no RNA) capsids were found inside polyhedra, suggesting a spontaneous RNA encapsidating process for CPV assembly in vivo .

Direct current field (DCF) has been applied on an aluminising specimen and powder aluminising agents to overcome conventional powder pack aluminising (CPA)’s shortcomings of high treating temperature, long soaking time and low efficiency in utilising aluminising media. The specimen in the shape of plate or tube was taken as cathode of the DCF. The anode in the shape of plate or column paralleled to the specimen. Effects of DCF on CPA have been studied. The treated case’s microstructure, phase, thickness and oxidation resistance have been investigated. The results show that DCF has the function of enhancing aluminising with great energy saving, even at a temperature below 750°C. The aluminised case endows plain carbon steel with superior resistance to oxidisation in air at a high temperature of 850°C. Mechanisms of DCF’s effects to CPA have been proposed, which were discussed from two aspects of the DCF’s thermal and non‐thermal effects to the aluminising process.

For finding out the relationship between vibrational modes and geometric imperfections, the dynamic behavior of cylindrical shells with a local imperfection is analyzed by using numerical simulation of finite element method in this paper. The results show that there are some differences in vibrational modes between cylindrical shells with and without imperfections. They appear that main corrugation of the mode of the higher orders for the shell with a local imperfection can be fastened on the region of the imperfection but the low order ones. The results also show that the vibrational modes of shells depend upon the size, shape and location of the imperfections. The local vibrational modes are discovered and are more obvious for the imperfection of the larger size. These results are helpful to the design of engineering structures.

In design of steel structures including bare steel frames, composite steel-concrete structures and those with walls and slabs, the conventional method considers each member separately and the effective length is then assumed for member resistance check. This involves inconsistency between the analysis method and the design method. The primitive and rather inadequate second-order P-Δ-only analysis considering only the sway effect has been used extensively in industry and in many computer programs. However, as the P-δ effect for member bowing is ignored, the effective length is still required to be assumed for every member. Researchers in PolyU have completed the second-order P-Δ-δ analysis and design method for bare steel frames and recent research has been directed to the design of walled frames such that the effective length is not required for flexural buckling check. In this paper, the structural shear wall is modeled by finite shell element whereas the imperfect stability function is employed to model beam-column members. The slab is proposed to be modeled by efficient floor elements. The model is compared well with the results by others. The P-δ effect for member bowing is considered so that the section capacity check alone is sufficient to check the structural adequacy without the assumption of effective length, classification of sway and non-sway frame mode and the tedious individual member resistance check.