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Abstract The poultry industry generates a lot of waste, including dead birds, manure, and poultry litter. Poultry waste should never be disposed of improperly because it can seriously harm the environment. The waste can be recycled as a feedstock for use in poultry feed by composting the litter and deceased birds. The compositional profile and organoleptic properties of the meat of growing Japanese quail were examined over the course of a 4-week trial to ascertain the effect of adding compost to the diet. In a completely randomized design (CRD), 1200 newly hatched quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into five treatment groups (diets with 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% compost), each consisting of 40 birds with six replicates. The addition of compost to the diet had no noticeable effects on the organoleptic qualities of appearance, color, aroma, taste, texture, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability (P>0.05). The compositional profile characteristics for chicks given compost at any level compared to chicks fed the control diet showed no differences (P>0.05). These findings suggest that the sensory characteristics and compositional profile of growing meat quails can be maintained when fed diets including up to 10% compost.

Abstract Large amounts of waste, including dead birds, manure, and poultry litter, are produced by the poultry industry. Poultry waste should be disposed of properly to avoid major pollution and health risks. Composting litter and dead birds could be an option to recycle the waste and use in poultry feed. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding composted poultry waste on the organoleptic qualities and compositional profile of the meat of broiler chickens. A total of 300 day-old broiler chicks (500-Cobb) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups replicated six times with 10 birds each, under a completely randomized design (CRD). Five iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets including composted poultry byproducts at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were fed ad libitum to the birds from day 0 to day 35. The sensory grading and meat composition profile of 500 Cobb broiler chickens were tested at 35 days of age. The findings showed that there were no variations in the sensory profiles of the meat from birds given various diets (P>0.05). Although the results were somewhat lower for the chicks fed compost-containing diets than for the control group, this difference was deemed to be insignificant (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no variations in the compositional profile values of the meat between meat from birds fed various diets (P>0.05). These findings imply that broiler chickens may be raised on diets containing up to 10% poultry byproduct compost without any negative impacts on the meat's sensory quality or composition. Additionally, using compost into broiler diets may help to lower the cost of feed.

Abstract The study was aimed to identify different environmental factors (selected organochlorine pesticides) affecting the river water of Satluj. River Sutlej is about 1400 kilometers long and its water is extensively used for irrigation in Punjab, located both in India and Pakistan, which was also a reason of dispute between both countries for its water share. The study area was divided into four zones, Sulemanki Zone, Islam Zone, Mailsi Syphone Zone and Panjnad Zone. Liquid Liquid Extraction (LLE) technique was used for the collected water samples followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) UV-Visible detector The current finding revealed that aldrin was not detected during summer period in water samples of SZ-1 (Sulemanki Barrage), SZ-2 and SZ-3 (Maisli Siphon) of the study area. Lindane and DDE were found more in the samples of sediments from the study area at SZ-4 ranging from 2.238-8.226 ppb and 4.234-6.876 ppb, respectively. Heaptachlor (in sediments) was found to be0.032-234 ppb only at SZ-4.Endosulfan concentrations in water (winter) at SZ-3 was 0.06 ppb and at SZ-4,it was 0.05 ppb; dieldrin in water (winter) at SZ-4 was 0.0314 ppb and heptachlor was detected at SZ-1 (0.0315 ppb) and SZ-2 (0.0310 ppb) in water during winter season, were reaching to the Maximum Concentrations Limits (MCL), while all other residues investigated were found below the MCLin all the compartments of the study area set by various agencies like WHO/FAO- Codex Alimenterious. Present findings revealed that although the organochlorine pesticides are banned for agricultural use in many countries, including Pakistan, their presence in various samples might be due to illegal use of these pesticides in the study area and its neighboring regions. The overall study area comprises of mainly urban, suburban and agricultural land being the largest cotton growing area of the country. There is a need to take serious steps to minimize water pollution caused by pesticides to achieve a healthy lifestyle.

Abstract In the developed countries, the use of OCPs (organochlorine pesticides) has been banned. However, in South Asia several of them are still in use. In Pakistan and India a constant addition of OCPs into the atmosphere has been indicated by various researchers. In this study levels of selected organochlorine pesticide residues were assessed in sediment and biota collected from four (4) water reservoirs (3 Barrages & 1 Siphon) on the River Satluj Pakistan, along 231 miles (372 km) of River stretch which was further divided into 12 sampling sites. It was aimed to find out the levels of organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) residues in sediments and from selected fish species (Labeo rohita, Wallagu attu, Cyprinus carpio) of the River Satluj Pakistan. The Organochlorine residues (seven pesticides) present in samples of sediments and biota were investigated through multi residue method, using Gas Chromatograph (GC-ECD).In the current study, the concentration of DDT, was investigated in Wallago attu (0.786-3.987 ppb), Labeo rohita (0.779-4.355 ppb) and Cyprinus carpio (1.234-5.654 ppb). DDE was also found in Cyprinus carpio (1.244-6.322 ppb), Wallag attu (0.877-4.221 ppb) and Labeo rohita (2.112-5.897 ppb). Aldrin was not observed in Labeo rohita and Wallago attu. Currently, lindane and DDE was found predominately high in the sediments of study area at SZ-4 (Panjnad Barrage) ranging (2.238-8.226 ppb) and (4.234-6.876 ppb), respectively. Heaptachlor was found only at SZ-4 (Panjnad Barrage) from the sediments with concentration ranging (0.032-234 ppb). In short all other residues investigated were found below the MCL (maximum concentration level) in all the compartments of the study area set by various agencies like WHO/FAO- Codex Alimenterious.

Abstract During the present study thirteen Megaderma lyra bats were observed roosting in dark, domed shaped room of Rohtas Fort, district Jhelum. Out of these, six specimens were captured from the roosting site, using hand net. All captured specimens were male. These bats were identified through their unique facial features, an erect and elongated nose-leaf, large oval ears that joined above the forehead and no tail. Mean head and body length of captured specimens was 80 mm, forearm length was 67 mm while average lengths of 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals were 51.73 mm, 55.17 mm and 60.42 mm, respectively. Mean skull length was 29.84 mm, breadth of braincase was 12.77 mm. Average Penis length of two specimens was 6.6 mm and total bacular length was 3.08 mm respectively. This is the first record of Megaderma lyra from district Jhelum.

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to assess the growth performance, morphometric traits, muscle chemical composition and cholesterol content in four phenotypes of naked neck chicken (black, white-black, light brown and dark brown). A total of 320-day-old chicks, 80 from each phenotype, were randomly stratified into 20 replicates (16/replicate), according to a completely randomized design. The results showed higher final body weight, weight gain, and better FCR in both light brown and dark brown phenotypes whereas time of gains was found to be greater in dark brown phenotype. Keel length and shank circumference were greater in dark brown whereas wing spread was found to be higher in light brown phenotype. Drumstick circumference and body length did not show any significant differences (P > 0.05) across the phenotypes. Dry matter was found to be higher in white black, crude protein in black, white black and dark brown, moisture in light brown, and cholesterol content in black whereas ether extract and ash content were found to be greater in black and white black phenotypes. In conclusion, both light brown and dark brown phenotypes showed superior growth performance and morphometric traits. Similarly, from a health point of view, the dark brown and light brown phenotypes seem superior because their cholesterol content was low. Thus, it is strongly recommended that there should be a conscious effort to improve economically important traits of the light and dark brown birds to be used as dual-purpose slow growing chicken, especially in developing countries.

A 68-year-old-gentleman presented with left hip pain, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss. He had previously experienced pain with white discharge until he underwent an arthroscopic washout and reduction. The left lower limb was shortened and wasted with limited hip movements. He had recently travelled to Zambia, his country of origin. Imaging demonstrated a large mass with chronic erosions of the acetabulum and femoral head. Synovial biopsy grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for 2 months then 4 months of rifampicin and isoniazid. Whole genome sequencing indicated full sensitivity. Complex reconstructive surgery is scheduled, with a custom femoral head and acetabulum. This case illustrates the importance of considering tuberculosis in patients with erosive joint pathology and a multidisciplinary approach as delayed diagnosis results in high morbidity. Prompt diagnosis using newer modalities such as whole genome sequencing on synovial fluid can enable timely treatment.

This study examines the prevalence of respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in transplant recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients were admitted to a regional haematology unit (RHU) in England which provides a tertiary referral service for haematological malignancy, stem cell transplantation, CAR-T therapy, thrombosis, haemostasis and haemoglobinopathies. Weekly screening for RVIs was conducted on all inpatients in the RHU wards, and data were collected retrospectively for all admissions from August 2018 to February 2021. There was a significant drop in the circulation of non-SARS-CoV-2 RVIs in transplant recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common viral pathogen in the transplant cohort was rhinovirus, followed by parainfluenza 3, adenovirus, and RSV. The study also highlights the importance of infection prevention and control measures to reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission of RVIs and SARS-CoV-2 in transplant recipients. Further studies are needed to observe whether this effect is pronounced in multiple transplant centres.

Introduction Cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB+RPV long-acting (LA)) is recommended as a treatment for HIV-1 allowing people living with HIV to receive 2 monthly injectable treatment, rather than daily pills. Providing injectable therapy in a system designed to provide and manage study participants on oral treatments poses logistical challenges namely how resources are used to accommodate patient preference within constrained health economies with capacity limitations. In this pragmatic multicentre study, we aim to understand the implementation of CAB-RPV-LA administration in two settings via mixed methods to explore perspectives of participants and the clinical team delivering CAB+RPV LA.Methods and analysis Women, racially minoritised people and older people are chronically under-represented in HIV clinical trials so the ILANA trial has set recruitment caps to ensure recruitment of 50% women, 50% ethnically diverse people and 30% over 50 years of age to include a more representative study population. Using a mixed-methods approach, the primary objective is to identify and evaluate the critical implementation strategies for CAB+RPV LA in both hospital and community settings. Secondary objectives include evaluating feasibility and acceptability of CAB+RPV LA administration at UK clinics and community settings from the perspective of HIV care providers, nurses and representatives at community sites, evaluating barriers to implementation, the utility of implementation strategies and adherence.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Health Research Authority Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 22/PR/0318). The dissemination strategy has been formulated with the SHARE Collaborative Community Advisory Board to maximise the impact of this work on clinical care and policy. This strategy draws on and leverages existing resources within the participating organisations, such as their academic infrastructure, professional relationships and community networks. The strategy will leverage the Public Engagement Team and press office to support dissemination of findings.Trial registration number NCT05294159.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating Citrullus colocynthis fruit pulp (CCFP) into the diet of broiler chickens as a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on growth performance, blood biochemistry, and intestinal microbial count. A total of 600 unsexed Ross-308 day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 6 groups using a completely randomized design. Each group had 5 replicates, with 20 chicks per replicate. The study included a control group (T1) that did not receive any CCFP or AGP supplementation. The other experimental groups were as follows: T2 (0.15 g/kg AGP, 0 g/kg CCFP), T3 (0.11 g/kg AGP, 0.75 g/kg CCFP), T4 (0.075 g/kg AGP, 1.5 g/kg CCFP), T5 (0.037 g/kg AGP, 2.25 g/kg CCFP), and T6 (0 g/kg AGP, 3 g/kg CCFP). The results indicated a reduction in feed intake (p = 0.045) in group T3 compared to the control group (T1). Blood biochemical analysis showed that group T6 had higher levels of serum total protein (p = 0.050) and globulin (p = 0.044) compared to the control group (T1). The cecal microbial count revealed a lower total bacterial count (p = 0.01) in groups T2 and T3, and a reduced E. coli count (p = 0.050) in group T3 compared to the group T5. However, the ileal microbial count showed no significant differences between treatments. In conclusion, these findings suggest that a diet containing 0.75 g/kg CCFP combined with 0.11 g/kg AGP may improve the growth of broiler chickens while maintaining a healthy microbial balance.

In the current study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was successfully applied, at 532 nm with a suitable detector, for the spectral analysis of mint (domestic mint and wild mint) available in Pakistan. From the spectral emissions of the mint plasmas recorded with the spectrometer (LIBS2000+, Ocean Optics, Inc.), 17 elements were identified in the domestic mint whereas the wild mint was observed to have 18 different elements, comprising both nutritional elements and toxic metals. Prior to recording the spectral emissions, the sensitivity of our LIBS detection was enhanced by optimizing various LIBS parameters. Under ambient environments, a laser pulse irradiance of about 2.0  ×  1011 W cm−2 was employed for the generation of the plasmas on the surfaces of the target samples. The quantitative analyses were performed via calibration curves drawn for all the elements through standard samples prepared in a known concentration in the mint matrix, as well as by a weight percentage method under the assumptions of local thermodynamic equilibrium and optically thin plasma. The electron temperature and number density were determined through the Boltzmann plot method and stark broadened line profile method, respectively, using Ca-I spectral lines. Furthermore, to verify the precision of our LIBS findings, the abundance of each element in the mint samples was also estimated by means of a standard analytical tool, such as inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES). The outcomes of the LIBS system were found to be in good agreement with the results of ICP/AES statistically, which guarantees that the method is reliable in the illustration and detection of both nutritional and toxic chemical differences in the mint samples, and is hence a step forward in securing human health through environmental and agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique is applied to explore the concentration of toxic elements present in cosmetic materials. The elemental analysis of chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are selected as major elements and manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), potassium (P), sulfur (S), silicon (Si) and titanium (Ti) as minor elements in cosmetic products. In this technique, a plasma plume is generated by using an Nd:YAG Laser of 532 nm wavelength and spectral lines for the respective samples are observed. Four different samples of cosmetic products are selected, i.e. two samples for lipstick and two for eyeshadow. The observed spectral lines of all major and minor elements are used to calculate their concentration in all samples through the intensity ratio method. Among selected lipstick and eyeshadow samples, one sample is branded, and one is collected from the local market. It is observed that chromium, magnesium and lead have strong spectral lines and consequently show high concentration. The calculated concentrations are then compared to permissible limits set by the Food and Drug Administration with regard to the cosmetics industry. The concentration of these toxic elements in selected local cosmetic samples exceeds the safe permissible limit for human use and could lead to serious health problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and caused an epidemic in the Middle East. Public Health England (PHE) Manchester is one of the two PHE centres in the UK that perform testing for MERS-CoV. The results of the PHE Manchester MERS surveillance from 2012 to 2019 are presented in this report. Methods: Retrospective data were collected for returning travellers from the Middle East fitting the PHE MERS case definition. Respiratory samples were tested for respiratory viruses and MERS-CoV using an in-house RT-PCR assay. Results: Four hundred and twenty-six (426) samples from 264 patients were tested for MERS Co-V and respiratory viruses. No MERS-CoV infections were identified by PCR. Fifty-six percent of samples were PCR positive for viral or bacterial pathogen with Influenza A as the predominant virus (44%). Sixty-two percent of all patients had a pathogen identified with the highest positivity from sputum samples. Patients with multiple samples demonstrated a 100% diagnostic yield. Conclusions: Although no cases of MERS were identified, the majority of patients had Influenza infection for which oseltamivir treatment was indicated and isolation warranted. Sputum samples were the most useful in diagnosing respiratory viruses with a 100% diagnostic yield from patients with multiple samples. Keywords: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS, MERS-CoV, High consequence infectious disease, HCID, Emerging infectious disease, EID, Public health epidemiological surveillance

We describe an immunocompromised HIV patient with disseminated histoplasmosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Human Herpes virus 8 (HHV8) viraemia complicated by severe thrombocytopenia and hypocalcaemia. During a prolonged inpatient admission at our infectious disease (ID) high care unit (HCU), he represented a diagnostic challenge and management dilemma involving a variety of medical specialties. We aim to explore the difficulties surrounding the diagnosis and management of disseminated histoplasmosis especially in view of other concurrent opportunistic infections (OIs). We aim to elaborate on how this rare case provided new insight into the management of multiple OIs in a severely immunocompromised HIV individual and why we need specialist ID high dependency units.

We describe here the first reported case of compartment syndrome complicating malaria. Compartment syndrome has previously been reported secondary to a number of infectious aetiologies including meningococcal septicaemia, dengue fever, and primary infection of muscles in affected compartments. Capillary leakage in sepsis and localised inflammation in myositis have previously been hypothesised as pathophysiological mechanisms. The patient's muscular physique, owing to his bodybuilding hobby, likely predisposed to compartment syndrome in this case. Whilst sequestration of parasitized red blood cells in skeletal muscle has been previously reported it is unclear whether this could have contributed to the development of this unusual complication.

Purpose: The retina contains the highest concentration of the omega 3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the body. Although epidemiologic studies showed an inverse correlation between the consumption of omega 3 fatty acids and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, there are no data showing the effect of diabetes on retinal DHA in humans. In this study, we measured the DHA content of the retina in diabetic and non-diabetic humans as well as mice and determined the effect of diabetes on retinal thickness and function in mice., Methods: Fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Retinal thickness in mice was measured by optical coherence tomography and retinal function was measured by electroretinogram (ERG). Expression of selected genes involved in inflammation and lipid metabolism was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)., Results: We found a 40% reduction of DHA in peripheral retina and a 25% reduction in the macula of diabetic humans compared with nondiabetic controls. There was a 24% reduction in retinal DHA of type 2 diabetic mice (db/db) compared with the controls (db/+). The retinal thickness was significantly decreased in db/db mice, especially in the inner retina, and the ERG b-wave amplitudes were significantly attenuated. Increased expression of proinflammatory genes was observed in both human and mouse diabetic retinas., Conclusions: Retinal DHA is reduced in diabetic humans and mice, which is associated with a thinning of retina and functional defects in diabetic mice. Enriching retinal DHA through diet may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

In order to mitigate the risk of antibiotic resistance in poultry, scientists nowadays consider plant secondary metabolites to be a major organic antibacterial substitute. This study aimed to characterize and investigate the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo antibacterial effects of peppermint essential oil (PEO) in the form of a nanoemulsion (NE), termed PEONE. Menthol as a major compound of PEO has been identified by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis as 32.3 %, while lower droplet size, polydispersity Index (PDI), and optimum zeta potential values depicted the stability of PEONE have been observed and validated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph image. In silico antibacterial activity was studied by molecular docking of menthol and enrofloxacin with Topoisomerase IV protein (PDB: 1s16;) of Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 and this effect was validated by in vitro and in vivo analysis. In vitro analysis, sustained release of PEONE has been observed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study for in vivo experiments (n = 90) day-old broiler chicks were distributed into 6 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 3 birds per replication. Dietary treatments included 1) Negative control (basal diet), 2) Positive control (basal diet + 200 µl enrofloxacin), 3) 25 µl PEONE + basal diet, 4) 50 µl PEONE + basal diet, 5) 75 µl PEONE + basal diet, and 6) 100 µl PEONE + basal diet. Analyzed data by different statistical tools confirmed that PEONE significantly affected body weight gain (BWG) with an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. A significant increase in cecal Lactobacillus count and a decrease in total coliform was observed. Positive effects on physiological parameters, visceral organs, and meat quality characteristics have been observed. In conclusion, our experiments suggest that PEONE can be used in the broiler industry as a substitute for antibiotics to minimize bacterial resistance., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Inflammatory cardiac masses are rare and often mimic neoplastic or thrombotic lesions, posing significant diagnostic challenges. These masses are typically identified incidentally during imaging studies, such as echocardiography, and further evaluation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is required for accurate tissue characterization. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications. We present the case of a 20-year-old previously healthy female who presented with episodic palpitations lasting seconds to minutes over a two-month period. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a hyperechoic mass attached to the tricuspid valve, and cardiac MRI indicated inflammatory involvement of the myocardium, with myocardial edema and hyper-trabeculation. Laboratory investigations ruled out infectious etiologies, and she was started on corticosteroid therapy (prednisolone 30 mg daily, tapered over four weeks) along with metoprolol. Despite a reduction in symptoms with treatment, follow-up echocardiography showed persistence of the cardiac mass, raising questions about the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy. During this period, the patient also experienced an episode of ventricular premature contractions (VPCs), detected through smartwatch tracing, although these were not detected on a 24-hour Holter monitor. No significant mass reduction was observed, and her condition remained stable on beta-blocker therapy. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic complexities of inflammatory cardiac masses in young patients. The persistence of the mass despite corticosteroid treatment suggests the potential need for alternative interventions, such as surgical evaluation or biopsy, to confirm the etiology and guide further management. Inflammatory cardiac masses can closely mimic neoplastic growths, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to optimize outcomes and prevent misdiagnosis. Early detection, accurate diagnosis through advanced imaging, and close follow-up are essential to guide appropriate treatment and prevent complications., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Farooq et al.)

This research characterized and explored the effect of cumin essential oil nanoemulsion (CEONE) on broiler growth performance, serum biochemistry, hematological parameters, and cecal microbial count. Day-old ( n = 96) broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six treatments with five replicates of three broilers each. The dietary treatments consisted of negative control (only basal diet), positive control (basal diet + 200 µL of enrofloxacin), 25 µL (basal diet + 25 µL of CEONE), 50 µL (basal diet + 50 µL of CEONE), 75 µL (basal diet + 75 µL of CEONE), and 100 µL (basal diet + 100 µL of CEONE). The broiler's body weight gain (BWG) after 42 days of treatment exhibited increased weight in the CEONE group (976.47 ± 11.82-1116.22 ± 29.04). The gain in weight was further evidenced by the beneficial microbe load (10 7 log) compared to the pathogenic strain. All the biochemical parameters were observed in the normal range, except for a higher level of HDL and a lower LDL value. This safety has been validated by pKCSM toxicity analysis showing a safe and highly tolerable dose of cuminaldehyde. In conclusion, this research observed the potential of CEONE as a multifunctional agent. It is a valuable candidate for further application in combating bacterial infections and enhancing animal health and growth.

The complement system is a complex network of proteins that plays a crucial role in the innate immune response. One important component of this system is the C5a-C5aR1 complex, which is critical in the recruitment and activation of immune cells. In-depth investigation of the activation mechanism as well as biased signaling of the C5a-C5aR1 system will facilitate the elucidation of C5a-mediated pathophysiology. In this study, we determined the structure of C5a-C5aR1-Gi complex at a high resolution of 3 Å using cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM). Our results revealed the binding site of C5a, which consists of a polar recognition region on the extracellular side and an amphipathic pocket within the transmembrane domain. Furthermore, we found that C5a binding induces conformational changes of C5aR1, which subsequently leads to the activation of G protein signaling pathways. Notably, a key residue (M265) located on transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) was identified to play a crucial role in regulating the recruitment of β-arrestin driven by C5a. This study provides more information about the structure and function of the human C5a-C5aR1 complex, which is essential for the proper functioning of the complement system. The findings of this study can also provide a foundation for the design of new pharmaceuticals targeting this receptor with bias or specificity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: This systematic review investigated strategies to mitigate cardiotoxicity induced by anticancer medications, emphasizing exercise and pharmacological interventions., Methods: We systematically reviewed three randomized controlled trials, one ATOPE trial, and one retrospective cohort study., Results: Among 448 patients, exercise interventions, particularly in breast cancer patients, demonstrated significant improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiotoxicity prevention. Pharmacological interventions, including candesartan and carvedilol, have shown potential in reducing early DOX-induced subclinical cardiotoxicity (DISC). The protective efficacy of candesartan in alleviating DISC was greater than carvedilol and the control group. Combination therapy with lisinopril and bisoprolol effectively preserved the LVEF. A retrospective cohort study demonstrated the cardioprotective potential of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular events., Conclusion: This systematic review underscores the promise of exercise and pharmacological interventions for preserving cardiac function in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. These findings have significant implications for enhancing the quality of care for cancer patients., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Farooq Z, et al.)

Competing Interests: Declaration of interests VK and OS are staff members of the WHO Regional Office for Europe. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions or policies of WHO. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there might not yet be full agreement. AK and EV are staff members of the European Environment Agency. The views expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and its content does not necessarily represent the views or position of the European Environment Agency. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Turning toward religion to make sense of and cope with challenging circumstances is an area of interest for many recent researchers working on wellbeing and mental health. The present study extends this interest by assessing whether psychological capital explains the association between religious coping and mental wellbeing in Pakistani engineers. Psychological capital was assessed from four factors, namely optimism, resilience, hope, and self-efficacy. A sample of 501 Muslim engineers from Pakistan (M age = 33.41, SD = 6.37 years) was assessed on measures of religious coping, psychological capital, and mental wellbeing. Results from correlation and a multimediation model showed that positive religious coping was positively predictive of mental wellbeing and psychological capital; however, negative religious coping remained insignificant for mental wellbeing. Further analysis showed that of four psychological capital factors, only self-efficacy explained the positive association between positive religious coping and mental wellbeing. Implications of the findings along with future directions have been discussed., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective efficacy of troxerutin against cypermethrin-induced behavioral defects, motor function abnormalities, and oxidative stress in mice. Twenty-four adult female albino mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. The first group served as control, the second group was treated with cypermethrin (20 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally at day 21, and the remaining two groups were orally supplemented with TRX (150, 300 mg/kg b.w) for 20 days and with cypermethrin (20 mg/kg b.w) intraperitoneally at day 21. Behavior activities recorded after cypermethrin exposure showed significantly impaired motor function (p≤0.05) as evidenced by the beam balance and pole test. The cypermethrin was also found to cause significant memory dysfunction. Moreover, the oxidative stress in terms of increased tissue malondialdehyde level (p≤0.05) was recorded in the cypermethrin group. The antioxidant activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were decreased (p≤0.05) after cypermethrin exposure. Troxerutin supplementation significantly improved the cypermethrin-induced motor impairment and memory dysfunction. The supplementation of troxerutin significantly restored the redox status. Troxerutin attenuates the neurotoxic and behavioral deficits caused by cypermethrin. Furthermore, troxerutin also provides significant protection against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress by improving the oxidative stress markers., (© 2024 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en), which allows re-users to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form and for noncommercial purposes, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.)

Competing Interests: None.

The multiphoton ionization/dissociation dynamics of molecular sulfur (S 2 ) in the ultraviolet range of 205-300 nm is studied using velocity map ion imaging (VMI). In this one-color experiment, molecular sulfur (S 2 ) is generated in a pulsed discharge and then photodissociated by UV radiation. At the three-photon level, superexcited states are accessed via two different resonant states: the B 3 Σ u - ( v ' = 8-11) valence states at the one-photon level and a Rydberg state at the two-photon level. Among the decay processes of these superexcited states, dissociation to electronically excited S atoms is dominant as compared to autoionization to ionic states S 2 + ( X 2 Π g ) at wavelengths λ < 288 nm. The anisotropy parameter extracted from these images reflects the parallel character of these electronic transitions. In contrast, autoionization is found to be particularly efficient at S( 1 D) and S( 1 S) detection wavelengths around 288 nm. Information obtained from the kinetic energy distributions of S atoms has revealed the existence of vibrationally excited S 2 + ( X 2 Π g ( v + > 11)) that dissociates to ionic products following one-photon absorption. This work also reveals many interesting features of S 2 photodynamics compared to those of electronically analogous O 2 .