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8,661 results on '"Z. CAO"'

1. Surface topography modelling and ice flow velocity mapping of Dalk Glacier, East Antarctica: application of UAV remote sensing

Author: Z. Cao, L. Tang, X. Yuan, and G. Qiao
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the largest potential contributor to global sea level rise due to global climate warming, making it important to monitor changes in the marginal outlet glacier dynamics and surface topography. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a new platform, has been proven to be a useful tool in glaciological applications because it can collect data in a variety of ways and has a high spatial and temporal resolution compared to traditional ground-based measurements and remote sensing from space. In this study, we used the combined UAV platform composed of the DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise (M3E) and M300 (L1) versions to perform high-accuracy on-site investigations of Dalk Glacier, a typical outlet glacier near the Zhongshan Station in East Antarctica. During the 39th Chinese Antarctic Expedition (CHINARE) in 2022–2023, UAV surveys with multiple sensors were performed. The M3E optical camera makes it possible to reconstruct high-resolution ortho-mosaic and digital elevation models (DEMs) of Dalk Glacier with high accuracy based on photogrammetric principles, helping us to extract the features of glacier surface topography, while dense point clouds derived from the L1 LiDAR camera are used to validate and improve the three-dimensional accuracy. To further monitor the dynamics and stability of Dalk Glacier, we generate ice flow velocity maps using ortho-mosaics for the years 2019, 2020, and 2023. The spatiotemporal changes in ice flow velocities were further compared with the products derived from satellite remote sensing data.
Published: 2024
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2. A new 2010 permafrost distribution map over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau based on subregion survey maps: a benchmark for regional permafrost modeling

Author: Z. Cao, Z. Nan, J. Hu, Y. Chen, and Y. Zhang
Subjects: Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Permafrost over the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has received increasing attention due to its high sensitivity to climate change. Numerous spatial modeling studies have been conducted on the QTP to assess the status of permafrost, project future changes in permafrost, and diagnose contributors to permafrost degradation. Due to the scarcity of ground stations on the QTP, these modeling studies are often hampered by the lack of validation references, calibration targets, and model constraints; however, a high-quality permafrost distribution map would be a good option as a benchmark for spatial simulations. Existing permafrost distribution maps for the QTP can poorly serve this purpose. An ideal benchmark map for spatial modeling should be methodologically sound, of sufficient accuracy, and based on observations from mapping years rather than all historical data spanning several decades. Therefore, in this study, we created a new permafrost distribution map for the QTP in 2010 using a novel permafrost mapping approach with satellite-derived ground surface thawing and freezing indices as inputs and survey-based subregion permafrost maps as constraints. This approach accounted for the effects of local factors by incorporating (into the model) an empirical soil parameter whose values were optimally estimated through spatial clustering and parameter optimization constrained by survey-based subregion permafrost maps, and the approach was also improved to reduce parametric equifinality. This new map showed a total permafrost area of about 1.086×106 km2 (41.2 % of the QTP area) and seasonally frozen ground of about 1.447×106 km2 (54.9 %) in 2010, excluding glaciers and lakes. Validations using survey-based subregion permafrost maps (κ=0.74) and borehole records (overall accuracy =0.85 and κ=0.43) showed a higher accuracy of this map compared with two other recent maps. Inspection of regions with obvious distinctions between the maps affirms that the permafrost distribution on this map is more realistic than that on the Zou et al. (2017) map. Given the demonstrated excellent accuracy, this map can serve as a benchmark map for constraining/validating land surface simulations on the QTP and as a historical reference for projecting future permafrost changes on the QTP in the context of global warming. The dataset is available from the repository hosted on Figshare (Cao et al., 2022): https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19642362.
Published: 2023
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3. Recent advance progress of HL-3 experiments

Author: X.R. Duan, M. Xu, W.L. Zhong, X.Q. Ji, W. Chen, Z.B. Shi, X.L. Liu, B. Lu, B. Li, Y.Q. Wang, J.Q. Li, G.Y. Zheng, Yong Liu, Q.W. Yang, L.W. Yan, L.J. Cai, Q. Li, Y. Liu, X.Y. Bai, Z. Cao, X. Chen, H.T. Chen, Y.H. Chen, G.Q. Dong, H.L. Du, D.M. Fan, J.M. Gao, S.F. Geng, G.Z. Hao, H.M. He, M. Huang, M. Jiang, R. Ke, A.S. Liang, J.X. Li, Qing Li, Yongge Li, L.C. Li, H.J. Li, W.B. Li, D.Q. Liu, T. Long, L.F. Lu, L. Nie, P.W. Shi, J.F. Peng, A.P. Sun, T.F. Sun, R.H. Tong, H.L. Wei, S. Wang, G.L. Xiao, X.P. Xiao, L. Xue, H.B. Xu, Z.Y. Yang, D.L. Yu, L.M. Yu, Y.P. Zhang, X. Zheng, L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, F. Zhang, X.L. Zhang, and HL-3 Team & Collaborators
Subjects: tokamak, HL-3 experiment, 1 MA plasma, advanced divertor, H-mode, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Since the first plasma realized in 2020, a series of key systems on HL-3 (known as HL-2M before) tokamak have been equipped/upgraded, including in-vessel components (the first wall, lower divertor, and toroidal cryogenic/water-cooling/baking/glow discharge systems, etc.), auxiliary heating system of 11 MW, and 28 diagnostic systems (to measure the plasma density, electron temperature, radiation, magnetic field, etc.). Magnet field systems were commissioned firstly for divertor plasma discharges. During the 2nd experimental campaign of HL-3 tokamak, several great progresses have been achieved. Firstly, the successful operation with plasma current larger than 1 MA was achieved under a divertor configuration. Secondly, the advanced divertor concept with two distinct snowflake configurations was realized. It is found that the distribution of ion saturation current and heat flux on bottom plate becomes wide due to magnetic surface expansion, demonstrating the advantage of such configuration in the heat flux mitigation. In addition, using the combination of NBI, ECRH and LHCD, the standard sawtoothing high confinement mode of megampere plasma was firstly accessed on the HL-3. The successful commissioning of HL-3 is beneficial for the initial operation of ITER.
Published: 2024
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4. AT2018fyk: Candidate Tidal Disruption Event by a (Super)Massive Black Hole Binary

Author: S. Wen, P. G. Jonker, A. J. Levan, D. Li, N. C. Stone, A. I. Zabludoff, Z. Cao, T. Wevers, D. R. Pasham, C. Lewin, and E. Kara
Subjects: Tidal disruption, Accretion, Black hole physics, X-ray transient sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: The tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2018fyk has unusual X-ray, UV, and optical light curves that decay over the first ∼600 days, rebrighten, and decay again around 1200 days. We explain this behavior as a one-off TDE associated with a massive black hole (BH) binary . The sharp drop-offs from t ^−5/3 power laws at around 600 days naturally arise when one BH interrupts the debris fallback onto the other BH. The BH mass M _• derived from fitting X-ray spectra with a slim disk accretion model and, independently, from fitting the early UV/optical light curves, is smaller by 2 orders of magnitude than predicted from the M _• – σ _* host galaxy relation, suggesting that the debris is accreted onto the secondary , with the fallback cut off by the primary. Furthermore, if the rebrightening were associated with the primary, it should occur around 5000 days, not the observed 1200 days. The secondary’s mass and dimensionless spin is ${M}_{\bullet ,{\rm{s}}}={2.7}_{-1.5}^{+0.5}\times {10}^{5}{M}_{\odot }$ and a _•,s > 0.3 (X-ray spectral fitting), while the primary’s mass is M _•,p = 10 ^7.7±0.4 M _⊙ ( M _• – σ _* relation). An intermediate mass BH secondary is consistent with the observed UV/optical light-curve decay, i.e., the secondary’s outer accretion disk is too faint to produce a detectable emission floor. The time of the first accretion cutoff constrains the binary separation to be (6.7 ± 1.2) × 10 ^−3 pc. X-ray spectral fitting and timing analyses indicate that the hard X-rays arise from a corona above the secondary’s disk. The early UV/optical emission, suggesting a super-Eddington phase for the secondary, possibly originates from shocks arising from debris circularization.
Published: 2024
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5. Tidal Disruption Event AT2020ocn: Early Time X-Ray Flares Caused by a Possible Disk Alignment Process

Author: Z. Cao, P. G. Jonker, D. R. Pasham, S. Wen, N. C. Stone, and A. I. Zabludoff
Subjects: X-ray astronomy, Tidal disruption, Accretion, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: A tidal disruption event (TDE) may occur when a star is torn apart by the tidal force of a black hole (BH). Eventually, an accretion disk is thought to form out of stellar debris falling back toward the BH. If the star’s orbital angular momentum vector prior to disruption is not aligned with the BH spin angular momentum vector, the disk will be tilted with respect to the BH equatorial plane. The disk will eventually be drawn into the BH equatorial plane due to a combination of the Bardeen–Petterson effect and internal torques. Here, we analyze the X-ray and UV observations of the TDE AT2020ocn obtained by Swift, XMM-Newton, and Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR. The X-ray light curve shows strong flares during the first ≈100 days, while, over the same period, the UV emission decays gradually. We find that the X-ray flares can be explained by a model that also explains the spectral evolution. This model includes a slim disk viewed under a variable inclination plus an inverse-Comptonization component processing the slim disk emission. A scenario where the ongoing Lense–Thirring precession during the disk alignment process is responsible for the observed inclination variations is consistent with the data. In later observations, we find that the X-ray spectrum of AT2020ocn becomes harder, while the mass accretion rate remains at super-Eddington levels, suggesting the formation of a corona in line with accretion onto other compact objects. We constrain the BH mass to be $({7}_{-3}^{+13})\times {10}^{5}$ M _⊙ at the 1 σ (68%) confidence level.
Published: 2024
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6. The response of diazotrophs to nutrient amendment in the South China Sea and western North Pacific

Author: Z. Wen, T. J. Browning, R. Dai, W. Wu, W. Li, X. Hu, W. Lin, L. Wang, X. Liu, Z. Cao, H. Hong, and D. Shi
Subjects: Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: The availability of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) has been shown to be a key factor regulating rates of nitrogen fixation in the western subtropical Pacific. However, the relative importance of Fe and P at finer spatial scales between the northern South China Sea (NSCS) and the western boundary of the North Pacific is poorly constrained. Furthermore, nutrient limitation of specific diazotroph types has not yet been assessed. Here we investigated these unknowns by (i) carrying out measurements of finer-scale spatial variabilities in N2 fixation rates and diazotroph nifH gene abundances throughout these regions and (ii) conducting eight additional Fe and phosphate addition bioassay experiments where both changes in N2 fixation rates and the nifH gene abundances of specific diazotrophs were measured. Overall, nitrogen fixation rates and nifH gene abundances were lower in the NSCS than around the Luzon Strait and the western North Pacific. The nutrient addition bioassay experiments demonstrated that N2 fixation rates in the central NSCS were co-limited by Fe and P, whereas at the western boundary of the North Pacific they were P-limited. Changes in the abundances of nifH in response to nutrient addition varied in how well they correlated with changes in N2 fixation rates, and in six out of eight experiments the largest responses in nifH gene abundances were dominated by either Trichodesmium or UCYN-B (unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacteria group B). In general, nutrient addition had a relatively restricted impact on the composition of the six phylotypes that we surveyed apart from on UCYN-B. This unicellular cyanobacterium group showed increased contribution to the total nifH gene abundance following P addition at sites where N2 fixation rates were P-limited. Our study provides comprehensive evidence of nutrient controls on N2 fixation biogeography in the margin of the western North Pacific. Future research that more accurately constrains nutrient supply rates to this region would be beneficial for resolving what controls diazotroph community structure.
Published: 2022
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7. MULTI-USER COLLABORATIVE VIRTUAL EMERGENCY DRILL SYSTEM FOR URBAN ROAD EMERGENCIES

Author: X. Gao, J. Zhang, R. Zou, J. Li, and Z. Cao
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: In order to comprehensively improve the coordination and emergency response ability of road emergency commanders and rescuers to various road emergencies, analyze the problems faced by road emergency personnel in rescue training, and propose a simulation drill method combining virtual reality visualization technology with emergency rescue training content to form an interactive drill system.This paper elaborates the key technologies, architecture system and functional design of the system in detail, introduces and implements a complete set of virtual emergency drill disposal process based on the case of landslides blocking urban roads in flood season. The Internet and virtual reality technology are applied to build road emergency scenes. The emergency drill personnel carry out remote interactive virtual collaborative emergency drills in the same virtual environment, so as to realize the repeated deduction drills of road emergencies, and design the emergency disposition of scientific assessment system for drill personnel to evaluate objectively the disposal process, It effectively improves the emergency response and rescue ability of emergency personnel, and solve the problems faced by the current road emergency practice drills, such as less times, high cost, single scene and subject, etc.
Published: 2022
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8. GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the Second Part of the Third Observing Run

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, S. Akcay, T. Akutsu, S. Albanesi, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, T. Andrić, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, Koji Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, M. Arogeti, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, R. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, L. D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. Brandt, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, J. Bryant, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, G. S. Cabourn Davies, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, J. D. Callaghan, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. Cameron, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, S. Canevarolo, M. Cannavacciuolo, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, Z. Cao, E. Capocasa, E. Capote, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, J. B. Carlin, M. F. Carney, M. Carpinelli, G. Carrillo, G. Carullo, T. L. Carver, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, G. Castaldi, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, M. Ceasar, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya, E. Champion, C.-H. Chan, C. Chan, C. L. Chan, K. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chandra, P. Chanial, S. Chao, C. E. A. Chapman-Bird, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, C. Chatterjee, Debarati Chatterjee, Deep Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, S. Chaty, K. Chatziioannou, C. Chen, H. Y. Chen, J. Chen, K. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-B. Chen, Y.-R. Chen, Z. Chen, H. Cheng, C. K. Cheong, H. Y. Cheung, H. Y. Chia, F. Chiadini, C-Y. Chiang, G. Chiarini, R. Chierici, A. Chincarini, M. L. Chiofalo, A. Chiummo, G. Cho, H. S. Cho, R. K. Choudhary, S. Choudhary, N. Christensen, H. Chu, Q. Chu, Y-K. Chu, S. Chua, K. W. Chung, G. Ciani, P. Ciecielag, M. Cieślar, M. Cifaldi, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, A. Cirone, F. Clara, E. N. Clark, J. A. Clark, L. Clarke, P. Clearwater, S. Clesse, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, E. Codazzo, P.-F. Cohadon, D. E. Cohen, L. Cohen, M. Colleoni, C. G. Collette, A. Colombo, M. Colpi, C. M. Compton, M. Constancio, Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, S. Corezzi, K. R. Corley, N. Cornish, D. Corre, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, B. Cousins, P. Couvares, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, A. W. Criswell, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, J. R. Cudell, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, R. Cummings, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, M. Curyło, P. Dabadie, T. Dal Canton, S. Dall’Osso, G. Dálya, A. Dana, L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani, B. D’Angelo, B. Danila, S. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, C. Darsow-Fromm, A. Dasgupta, L. E. H. Datrier, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, D. Davis, M. C. Davis, E. J. Daw, P. F. de Alarcón, R. Dean, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, V. Del Favero, F. De Lillo, N. De Lillo, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, F. De Matteis, V. D’Emilio, N. Demos, T. Dent, A. Depasse, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, R. De Simone, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, M. Diaz-Ortiz, Jr., N. A. Didio, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. Di Fronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, L. D’Onofrio, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Y. Drori, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, O. Durante, D. D’Urso, P.-A. Duverne, S. E. Dwyer, C. Eassa, P. J. Easter, M. Ebersold, T. Eckhardt, G. Eddolls, B. Edelman, T. B. Edo, O. Edy, A. Effler, S. Eguchi, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, A. Ejlli, E. Engelby, Y. Enomoto, L. Errico, R. C. Essick, H. Estellés, D. Estevez, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, B. E. Ewing, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, A. M. Farah, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, N. W. Farrow, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, G. Favaro, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, E. Fenyvesi, D. L. Ferguson, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, T. A. Ferreira, F. Fidecaro, P. Figura, I. Fiori, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, R. Fittipaldi, V. Fiumara, R. Flaminio, E. Floden, H. Fong, J. A. Font, B. Fornal, P. W. F. Forsyth, A. Franke, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, C. Frederick, J. P. Freed, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, G. G. Fronzé, Y. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, M. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, W. E. Gabella, B. U. Gadre, J. R. Gair, J. Gais, S. Galaudage, R. Gamba, D. Ganapathy, A. Ganguly, D. Gao, S. G. Gaonkar, B. Garaventa, F. García, C. García-Núñez, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, V. Gayathri, G.-G. Ge, G. Gemme, A. Gennai, J. George, R. N. George, O. Gerberding, L. Gergely, P. Gewecke, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, Shaon Ghosh, Shrobana Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, L. Giacoppo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, D. R. Gibson, C. Gier, M. Giesler, P. Giri, F. Gissi, J. Glanzer, A. E. Gleckl, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, N. Gohlke, J. Golomb, B. Goncharov, G. González, A. Gopakumar, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, D. W. Gould, B. Grace, A. Grado, M. Granata, V. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, A. M. Gretarsson, E. M. Gretarsson, D. Griffith, W. Griffiths, H. L. Griggs, G. Grignani, A. Grimaldi, S. J. Grimm, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, D. Guerra, G. M. Guidi, A. R. Guimaraes, G. Guixé, H. K. Gulati, H.-K. Guo, Y. Guo, Anchal Gupta, Anuradha Gupta, P. Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, F. Guzman, S. Ha, L. Haegel, A. Hagiwara, S. Haino, O. Halim, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, W.-B. Han, M. Haney, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. Hannuksela, H. Hansen, T. J. Hansen, J. Hanson, T. Harder, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, D. Hartwig, K. Hasegawa, B. Haskell, R. K. Hasskew, C.-J. Haster, K. Hattori, K. Haughian, H. Hayakawa, K. Hayama, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, A. Heidt, M. C. Heintze, J. Heinze, J. Heinzel, H. Heitmann, F. Hellman, P. Hello, A. F. Helmling-Cornell, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, E. Hennes, J. Hennig, M. H. Hennig, A. G. Hernandez, F. Hernandez Vivanco, M. Heurs, S. Hild, P. Hill, Y. Himemoto, A. S. Hines, Y. Hiranuma, N. Hirata, E. Hirose, S. Hochheim, D. Hofman, J. N. Hohmann, D. G. Holcomb, N. A. Holland, K. Holley-Bockelmann, I. J. Hollows, Z. J. Holmes, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, Z. Hong, P. Hopkins, J. Hough, S. Hourihane, E. J. Howell, C. G. Hoy, D. Hoyland, A. Hreibi, B-H. Hsieh, Y. Hsu, G-Z. Huang, H-Y. Huang, P. Huang, Y-C. Huang, Y.-J. Huang, Y. Huang, M. T. Hübner, A. D. Huddart, B. Hughey, D. C. Y. Hui, V. Hui, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, R. Huxford, T. Huynh-Dinh, S. Ide, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, B. Ikenoue, S. Imam, K. Inayoshi, C. Ingram, Y. Inoue, K. Ioka, M. Isi, K. Isleif, K. Ito, Y. Itoh, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, V. JaberianHamedan, T. Jacqmin, S. J. Jadhav, S. P. Jadhav, A. L. James, A. Z. Jan, K. Jani, J. Janquart, K. Janssens, N. N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, D. Jariwala, R. Jaume, A. C. Jenkins, K. Jenner, C. Jeon, M. Jeunon, W. Jia, H.-B. Jin, G. R. Johns, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, A. W. Jones, D. I. Jones, J. D. Jones, P. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, P. Jung, K. Jung, J. Junker, V. Juste, K. Kaihotsu, T. Kajita, M. Kakizaki, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, M. Kamiizumi, N. Kanda, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, Y. Kao, S. J. Kapadia, D. P. Kapasi, S. Karat, C. Karathanasis, S. Karki, R. Kashyap, M. Kasprzack, W. Kastaun, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, T. Kaur, K. Kawabe, K. Kawaguchi, N. Kawai, T. Kawasaki, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, J. S. Key, S. Khadka, F. Y. Khalili, S. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Khetan, M. Khursheed, N. Kijbunchoo, C. Kim, J. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, W. S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, C. Kimball, N. Kimura, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, N. Kita, H. Kitazawa, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, A. M. Knee, T. D. Knowles, E. Knyazev, P. Koch, G. Koekoek, Y. Kojima, K. Kokeyama, S. Koley, P. Kolitsidou, M. Kolstein, K. Komori, V. Kondrashov, A. K. H. Kong, A. Kontos, N. Koper, M. Korobko, K. Kotake, M. Kovalam, D. B. Kozak, C. Kozakai, R. Kozu, V. Kringel, N. V. Krishnendu, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, F. Kuei, P. Kuijer, S. Kulkarni, A. Kumar, P. 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K. Mehta, Q. Meijer, A. Melatos, D. A. Melchor, G. Mendell, A. Menendez-Vazquez, C. S. Menoni, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, K. Merfeld, E. L. Merilh, J. D. Merritt, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, P. M. Meyers, F. Meylahn, A. Mhaske, A. Miani, H. Miao, I. Michaloliakos, C. Michel, Y. Michimura, H. Middleton, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, B. Miller, M. Millhouse, J. C. Mills, E. Milotti, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, N. Mio, Ll. M. Mir, M. Miravet-Tenés, C. Mishra, T. Mishra, T. Mistry, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, A. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, K. Miyo, S. Miyoki, Geoffrey Mo, L. M. Modafferi, E. Moguel, K. Mogushi, S. R. P. Mohapatra, S. R. Mohite, I. Molina, M. Molina-Ruiz, M. Mondin, M. Montani, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, F. Morawski, A. More, C. Moreno, G. Moreno, Y. Mori, S. Morisaki, Y. Moriwaki, G. Morrás, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, S. Mozzon, F. Muciaccia, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, Soma Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, Suvodip Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. Muñiz, P. G. Murray, R. Musenich, S. Muusse, S. L. Nadji, K. Nagano, S. Nagano, A. Nagar, K. Nakamura, H. Nakano, M. Nakano, R. Nakashima, Y. Nakayama, V. Napolano, I. Nardecchia, T. Narikawa, L. Naticchioni, B. Nayak, R. K. Nayak, R. Negishi, B. F. Neil, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery, P. Neubauer, A. Neunzert, K. Y. Ng, S. W. S. Ng, C. Nguyen, P. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, L. Nguyen Quynh, W.-T. Ni, S. A. Nichols, A. Nishizawa, S. Nissanke, E. Nitoglia, F. Nocera, M. Norman, C. North, S. Nozaki, J. F. Nuño Siles, L. K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, B. D. O’Brien, Y. Obuchi, J. O’Dell, E. Oelker, W. Ogaki, G. Oganesyan, J. J. Oh, K. Oh, S. H. Oh, M. Ohashi, N. Ohishi, M. Ohkawa, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M. A. Okada, Y. Okutani, K. Okutomi, C. Olivetto, K. Oohara, C. Ooi, R. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. G. Ormiston, N. D. Ormsby, L. F. Ortega, R. O’Shaughnessy, E. O’Shea, S. Oshino, S. Ossokine, C. Osthelder, S. Otabe, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, A. E. Pace, G. Pagano, M. A. Page, G. Pagliaroli, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, H. Pan, K. Pan, P. K. Panda, H. Pang, P. T. H. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. H. Panther, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, A. Paolone, A. Parisi, H. Park, J. Park, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patel, M. Pathak, B. Patricelli, A. S. Patron, S. Paul, E. Payne, M. Pedraza, M. Pegoraro, A. Pele, F. E. Peña Arellano, S. Penn, A. Perego, A. Pereira, T. Pereira, C. J. Perez, C. Périgois, C. C. Perkins, A. Perreca, S. Perriès, J. Petermann, D. Petterson, H. P. Pfeiffer, K. A. Pham, K. S. Phukon, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, M. Piendibene, F. Piergiovanni, L. Pierini, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, M. Pillas, F. Pilo, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pinto, B. Piotrzkowski, K. Piotrzkowski, M. Pirello, M. D. Pitkin, E. Placidi, L. Planas, W. Plastino, C. Pluchar, R. Poggiani, E. Polini, D. Y. T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, R. Poulton, J. Powell, M. Pracchia, T. Pradier, A. K. Prajapati, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, M. Principe, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, P. Prosposito, L. Prudenzi, A. Puecher, M. Punturo, F. Puosi, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, R. Quitzow-James, N. Qutob, F. J. Raab, G. Raaijmakers, H. Radkins, N. Radulesco, P. Raffai, S. X. Rail, S. Raja, C. Rajan, K. E. Ramirez, T. D. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, J. Rana, P. Rapagnani, U. D. Rapol, A. Ray, V. Raymond, N. Raza, M. Razzano, J. Read, L. A. Rees, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, S. W. Reid, D. H. Reitze, P. Relton, A. Renzini, P. Rettegno, A. Reza, M. Rezac, F. Ricci, D. Richards, J. W. Richardson, L. Richardson, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, S. Rinaldi, K. Rink, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, S. Rodriguez, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, A. Romero-Rodríguez, I. M. Romero-Shaw, J. H. Romie, S. Ronchini, L. Rosa, C. A. Rose, D. Rosińska, M. P. Ross, S. Rowan, S. J. Rowlinson, S. Roy, Santosh Roy, Soumen Roy, D. Rozza, P. Ruggi, K. Ruiz-Rocha, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, J. Sadiq, N. Sago, S. Saito, Y. Saito, K. Sakai, Y. Sakai, M. Sakellariadou, Y. Sakuno, O. S. Salafia, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, E. J. Sanchez, J. H. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, N. Sanchis-Gual, J. R. Sanders, A. Sanuy, T. R. Saravanan, N. Sarin, B. Sassolas, H. Satari, B. S. Sathyaprakash, S. Sato, T. Sato, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, T. Sawada, D. Sawant, H. L. Sawant, S. Sayah, D. Schaetzl, M. Scheel, J. Scheuer, M. Schiworski, P. Schmidt, S. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, M. Schneewind, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, B. W. Schulte, B. F. Schutz, E. Schwartz, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, M. Seglar-Arroyo, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, E. G. Seo, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, B. Shams, L. Shao, A. Sharma, P. Sharma, P. Shawhan, N. S. Shcheblanov, S. Shibagaki, M. Shikauchi, R. Shimizu, T. Shimoda, K. Shimode, H. Shinkai, T. Shishido, A. Shoda, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, S. ShyamSundar, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, L. P. Singer, D. Singh, N. Singh, A. Singha, A. M. Sintes, V. Sipala, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. Smetana, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, J. Soldateschi, S. N. Somala, K. Somiya, E. J. Son, K. Soni, S. Soni, V. Sordini, F. Sorrentino, N. Sorrentino, H. Sotani, R. Soulard, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, V. Spagnuolo, A. P. Spencer, M. Spera, R. Srinivasan, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, D. A. Steer, J. Steinhoff, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, S. P. Stevenson, D. J. Stops, M. Stover, K. A. Strain, L. C. Strang, G. Stratta, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, S. Sudhagar, V. Sudhir, R. Sugimoto, H. G. Suh, A. G. Sullivan, J. M. Sullivan, T. Z. Summerscales, H. Sun, L. Sun, S. Sunil, A. Sur, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, Takamasa Suzuki, Toshikazu Suzuki, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, P. Szewczyk, M. Tacca, H. Tagoshi, S. C. Tait, H. Takahashi, R. Takahashi, A. Takamori, S. Takano, H. Takeda, M. Takeda, C. J. Talbot, C. Talbot, H. Tanaka, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Kenta Tanaka, Taiki Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, A. J. Tanasijczuk, S. Tanioka, D. B. Tanner, D. Tao, L. Tao, E. N. Tapia San Martín, C. Taranto, J. D. Tasson, S. Telada, R. Tenorio, J. E. Terhune, L. Terkowski, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, L. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, J. E. Thompson, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, A. M. Toivonen, K. Toland, A. E. Tolley, T. Tomaru, Y. Tomigami, T. Tomura, M. Tonelli, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, I. Tosta e Melo, D. Töyrä, A. Trapananti, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Trevor, M. C. Tringali, A. Tripathee, L. Troiano, A. Trovato, L. Trozzo, R. J. Trudeau, D. S. Tsai, D. Tsai, K. W. Tsang, T. Tsang, J-S. Tsao, M. Tse, R. Tso, K. Tsubono, S. Tsuchida, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, T. Tsutsui, T. Tsuzuki, K. Turbang, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, A. S. Ubhi, N. Uchikata, T. Uchiyama, R. P. Udall, A. Ueda, T. Uehara, K. Ueno, G. Ueshima, C. S. Unnikrishnan, F. Uraguchi, A. L. Urban, T. Ushiba, A. Utina, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, A. Vajpeyi, G. Valdes, M. Valentini, V. Valsan, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, J. Vanosky, M. H. P. M. van Putten, N. van Remortel, M. Vardaro, A. F. Vargas, V. Varma, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, J. Venneberg, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, P. Verma, Y. Verma, D. Veske, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, S. Vidyant, A. D. Viets, A. Vijaykumar, V. Villa-Ortega, J.-Y. Vinet, A. Virtuoso, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, E. R. G. von Reis, J. S. A. von Wrangel, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, K. J. Wagner, R. C. Walet, M. Walker, G. S. Wallace, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, J. Wang, J. Z. Wang, W. H. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, T. Washimi, N. Y. Washington, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, S. A. Webster, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, C. M. Weller, R. A. Weller, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, P. Weßels, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Wilken, D. Williams, M. J. Williams, N. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, D. J. Wilson, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, T. Wlodarczyk, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, I. C. F. Wong, C. Wu, D. S. Wu, H. Wu, S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, W-R. Xu, T. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kohei Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamashita, R. Yamazaki, F. W. Yang, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, A. B. Yelikar, M. Ying, K. Yokogawa, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, J. Yoo, T. Yoshioka, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, A Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, M. Zhan, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Yue Zhao, Y. Zheng, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, Y. Zlochower, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) describes signals detected with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo up to the end of their third observing run. Updating the previous GWTC-2.1, we present candidate gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences during the second half of the third observing run (O3b) between 1 November 2019, 15∶00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and 27 March 2020, 17∶00 UTC. There are 35 compact binary coalescence candidates identified by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical origin p_{astro}>0.5. Of these, 18 were previously reported as low-latency public alerts, and 17 are reported here for the first time. Based upon estimates for the component masses, our O3b candidates with p_{astro}>0.5 are consistent with gravitational-wave signals from binary black holes or neutron-star–black-hole binaries, and we identify none from binary neutron stars. However, from the gravitational-wave data alone, we are not able to measure matter effects that distinguish whether the binary components are neutron stars or black holes. The range of inferred component masses is similar to that found with previous catalogs, but the O3b candidates include the first confident observations of neutron-star–black-hole binaries. Including the 35 candidates from O3b in addition to those from GWTC-2.1, GWTC-3 contains 90 candidates found by our analysis with p_{astro}>0.5 across the first three observing runs. These observations of compact binary coalescences present an unprecedented view of the properties of black holes and neutron stars.
Published: 2023
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9. ICE FLOW VELOCITY MAPPING IN GREENLAND USING HISTORICAL IMAGES FROM 1960s TO 1980s: SCHEME DESIGN

Author: Z. Yu, Z. Cao, C. Yu, G. Qiao, and R. Li
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: Ice flow velocity over long time series in Greenland plays a vital role in estimating and predicting the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet and its contribution to global sea level rise. However, there are few Greenland ice flow velocity products with large spatial coverage available showing the Greenland ice flow velocity pattern before the 1990s. We proposed three methods, including parallax decomposition, grid-based NCC image matching, feature and gird-based image matching with constraints for estimation of surface velocity in East Antarctica based on ARGON KH-5 and LANDSAT imagery, and a systematic compilation method for the ice surface velocity in East Antarctica from the 1960s to 1980s. Based on the above methods and cartographic processes, this study designed a framework for the mapping of the historical ice flow velocity of the Greenland ice sheet. Currently, the early LANDSAT images covering several glaciers in North Greenland and Northwest Greenland have been processed and applied to velocity mapping using the cartographic process proposed in this study, and some preliminary results have been obtained.
Published: 2022
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10. Live to Die Another Day: The Rebrightening of AT 2018fyk as a Repeating Partial Tidal Disruption Event

Author: T. Wevers, E. R. Coughlin, D. R. Pasham, M. Guolo, Y. Sun, S. Wen, P. G. Jonker, A. Zabludoff, A. Malyali, R. Arcodia, Z. Liu, A. Merloni, A. Rau, I. Grotova, P. Short, and Z. Cao
Subjects: Tidal disruption, Accretion, Stellar dynamics, Ultraviolet transient sources, X-ray transient sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Stars that interact with supermassive black holes (SMBHs) can be either completely or partially destroyed by tides. In a partial tidal disruption event (TDE), the high-density core of the star remains intact, and the low-density outer envelope of the star is stripped and feeds a luminous accretion episode. The TDE AT 2018fyk, with an inferred black hole mass of 10 ^7.7±0.4 M _⊙ , experienced an extreme dimming event at X-ray (factor of >6000) and UV (factor of ∼15) wavelengths ∼500–600 days after discovery. Here we report on the reemergence of these emission components roughly 1200 days after discovery. We find that the source properties are similar to those of the predimming accretion state, suggesting that the accretion flow was rejuvenated to a similar state. We propose that a repeated partial TDE, where the partially disrupted star is on an ∼1200 day orbit about the SMBH and periodically stripped of mass during each pericenter passage, powers its unique light curve. This scenario provides a plausible explanation for AT 2018fyk’s overall properties, including the rapid dimming event and the rebrightening at late times. We also provide testable predictions for the behavior of the accretion flow in the future; if the second encounter was also a partial disruption, then we predict another strong dimming event around day 1800 (2023 August) and a subsequent rebrightening around day 2400 (2025 March). This source provides strong evidence of the partial disruption of a star by an SMBH.
Published: 2023
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11. Lunar plume-surface interactions using rarefiedMultiphaseFoam

Author: Z. Cao, C. White, M. B. Agir, and K. Kontis
Subjects: direct simulation moate carlo method, multiphase flow, plume-surface interaction, multiphase particle-in-cell, openfoam, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract: Understanding plume-surface interactions is essential to the design of lander modules and potential bases on bodies such as the Moon, as it is important to predict erosion patterns on the surface and the transport of the displaced regolith material. Experimentally, it is difficult to replicate the extra-terrestrial conditions (e.g. the effects of reduced gravity). Existing numerical tools have limited accessibility and different levels of sophistication in the modelling of regolith entrainment and subsequent transport. In this work, a fully transient open source code for solving rarefied multiphase flows, rarefiedMultiphaseFoam, is updated with models to account for solid-solid interactions and applied to rocket exhaust plume-lunar regolith interactions. Two different models to account for the solid-solid collisions are considered; at relatively low volume fractions, a stochastic collision model, and at higher volume fractions the higher fidelity multiphase particle-in-cell (MPPIC) method. Both methods are applied to a scaled down version of the Apollo era lunar module descent engine and comparisons are drawn between the transient simulation results. It is found that the transient effects are important for the gas phase, with the shock structure and stand-off height changing as the regolith is eroded by the plume. Both models predict cratering at early times and similar dispersion characteristics as the viscous erosion becomes dominant. In general, the erosion processes are slower with the multiphase particle-in-cell method because it accounts for more physical effects, such as enduring contacts and a maximum packing limit. It is found that even if the initial volume fraction is low, the stochastic collision method can become unreliable as the plume impinges on the surface and compresses the regolith particles, invalidating the method’s assumption of only binary collisions. Additionally, it is shown that the breakdown of the locally free-molecular flow assumption that is used to calculate the drag and heat transfer on the solid particles has a strong influence on the temperatures that the solid particles obtain.
Published: 2023
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12. Unsteady friction model modified with compression–expansion effects in transient pipe flow

Author: Z. Cao, Z. Wang, J. Deng, X. Guo, and L. Lu
Subjects: compression–expansion effects, energy dissipation, pressure wave, transient pipe flow, unsteady friction model, water hammer, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: This paper aims to modify the conventional one-coefficient instantaneous acceleration-based (IAB) model for better prediction of unsteady friction behavior. In this work, the energy dissipation caused by viscous stress during fluid volume compression–expansion (CE) was derived from the compressible Navier–Stokes equation. It is found that the energy dissipation term can be expressed by the product of the second-order partial derivative of velocity in space and the second viscosity coefficient. On this basis, a modified IAB-CE model was developed with the energy dissipation term and solved by the method of characteristic (MOC). The numerical results obtained from the modified model showed a good agreement with the four test cases, where the relative errors are improved by 0.26, 2.03, 9.56, and 36.67%, compared with the results from the original IAB model. The estimation for wave peak and valley is improved as well. Furthermore, the Bradley equation can be applied to establish the relationship between the dissipation coefficient and the Reynolds number. The modified model developed in this study takes into account the fluid CE effects and improves the prediction accuracy of wave amplitude of unsteady flow. HIGHLIGHTS The numerical investigation of unsteady pipe flow with an efficient one-coefficient model.; The fluid compression–expansion effect was considered in the energy dissipation term.; The dissipation coefficient and the Reynolds number conform to the Bradley equation.; The wave amplitude prediction of friction flow was improved by the modified IAB-CE model.;
Published: 2022
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13. Influence of Blade Lean on Performance and Shock Wave/Tip Leakage Flow Interaction in a Transonic Compressor Rotor

Author: Z. Cao, X. Zhang, Y. Liang, and B. Liu
Subjects: blade lean, tip leakage vortex, shock/tip leakage flow interaction, transonic compressor, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract: Blade lean has been extensively used in axial compressor stators to control flow separations, but its influence mechanism on transonic compressor rotors remains to be revealed. The aim of this study is to numerically explore the influence of blade lean on the performance and shock wave/tip leakage flow interaction in a transonic compressor rotor. The effects of leaned pattern (positively lean and negatively lean), leaned angle and leaned height were studied. Results showed that, compared with baseline configuration, the efficiency and total pressure ratio of the entire constant rotating speed line of positively leaned rotor were both decreased. The absolute value of peak efficiency was reduced by as much as 4.34% at 20° lean angle, whereas the maximum reduction of peak total pressure ratio was 0.1 at 20° lean angle. The tip leakage flow streamlines of baseline transonic rotor can be divided into two parts, i.e., the primary vortex and secondary vortex which arises after the shock. Due to shock/tip leakage vortex interaction, the primary vortex enlarged and low-momentum region showed up after the shock; under near stall (NS) condition, tip leakage vortex breakdown occurred after interacting with shock. As positively leaned angle increased, the shock and the shock/tip leakage vortex interaction point moved upstream. In addition, the phenomenon of tip leakage vortex breakdown was enhanced. For negatively leaned rotors, as negatively leaned angle increased, the peak efficiency and total pressure ratio showed a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing. At 5° leaned angle, the peak efficiency was increased by 0.8% at most, and the maximum increment of total pressure ratio was 0.05 at 5° leaned angle. Besides, the loading of blade tip reduced and the loading moved toward trailing edge, resulting in the downstream movements of primary vortex, shock front and shock/tip leakage vortex interaction location. The results may help to improve the near tip flow field of transonic compressor rotor with leaned blade technology.
Published: 2022
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14. Greenhouse gases emissions from riparian wetlands: an example from the Inner Mongolia grassland region in China

Author: X. Liu, X. Lu, R. Yu, H. Sun, H. Xue, Z. Qi, Z. Cao, Z. Zhang, and T. Liu
Subjects: Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Gradual riparian wetland drying is increasingly sensitive to global warming and contributes to climate change. Riparian wetlands play a significant role in regulating carbon and nitrogen cycles. In this study, we analyzed the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from riparian wetlands in the Xilin River basin to understand the role of these ecosystems in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, the impact of the catchment hydrology and soil property variations on GHG emissions over time and space was evaluated. Our results demonstrate that riparian wetlands emit larger amounts of CO2 (335–2790 mgm-2h-1 in the wet season and 72–387 mgm-2h-1 in the dry season) than CH4 and N2O to the atmosphere due to high plant and soil respiration. The results also reveal clear seasonal variations and spatial patterns along the transects in the longitudinal direction. N2O emissions showed a spatiotemporal pattern similar to that of CO2 emissions. Near-stream sites were the only sources of CH4 emissions, while the other sites served as sinks for these emissions. Soil moisture content and soil temperature were the essential factors controlling GHG emissions, and abundant aboveground biomass promoted the CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions. Moreover, compared to different types of grasslands, riparian wetlands were the potential hotspots of GHG emissions in the Inner Mongolian region. Degradation of downstream wetlands has reduced the soil carbon pool by approximately 60 %, decreased CO2 emissions by approximately 35 %, and converted the wetland from a CH4 and N2O source to a sink. Our study showed that anthropogenic activities have extensively changed the hydrological characteristics of the riparian wetlands and might accelerate carbon loss, which could further affect GHG emissions.
Published: 2021
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15. Construction and on-site performance of the LHAASO WFCTA camera

Author: F. Aharonian, Q. An, Axikegu, L. X. Bai, Y. X. Bai, Y. W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X. J. Bi, Y. J. Bi, H. Cai, J. T. Cai, Z. Cao, J. Chang, J. F. Chang, X. C. Chang, B. M. Chen, J. Chen, L. Chen, M. J. Chen, M. L. Chen, Q. H. Chen, S. H. Chen, S. Z. Chen, T. L. Chen, X. L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y. D. Cheng, S. W. Cui, X. H. Cui, Y. D. Cui, B. Z. Dai, H. L. Dai, Z. G. Dai, Danzengluobu, D. della Volpe, B. D’Ettorre Piazzoli, X. J. Dong, J. H. Fan, Y. Z. Fan, Z. X. Fan, J. Fang, K. Fang, C. F. Feng, L. Feng, S. H. Feng, Y. L. Feng, B. Gao, C. D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, M. M. Ge, L. S. Geng, G. H. Gong, Q. B. Gou, M. H. Gu, J. G. Guo, X. L. Guo, Y. Q. Guo, Y. Y. Guo, Y. A. Han, H. H. He, H. N. He, J. C. He, S. L. He, X. B. He, Y. He, M. Heller, Y. K. Hor, C. Hou, X. Hou, H. B. Hu, S. Hu, S. C. Hu, X. J. Hu, D. H. Huang, Q. L. Huang, W. H. Huang, X. T. Huang, Z. C. Huang, F. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. Y. Jia, K. Jiang, Z. J. Jiang, C. Jin, D. Kuleshov, K. Levochkin, B. B. Li, C. Li, F. Li, H. B. Li, H. C. Li, H. Y. Li, J. Li, K. Li, W. L. Li, X. Li, X. R. Li, Y. Li, Y. Z. Li, Z. Li, E. W. Liang, Y. F. Liang, S. J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, H. Liu, H. D. Liu, J. Liu, J. L. Liu, J. S. Liu, J. Y. Liu, M. Y. Liu, R. Y. Liu, S. M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. N. Liu, Z. X. Liu, W. J. Long, R. Lu, H. K. Lv, B. Q. Ma, L. L. Ma, X. H. Ma, J. R. Mao, A. Masood, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Montaruli, Y. C. Nan, B. Y. Pang, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z. Y. Pei, M. Y. Qi, D. Ruffolo, V. Rulev, A. Sáiz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X. D. Sheng, J. R. Shi, H. C. Song, Yu. V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Q. N. Sun, X. N. Sun, Z. B. Sun, P. H. T. Tam, Z. B. Tang, W. W. Tian, B. D. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, H. G. Wang, J. C. Wang, J. S. Wang, L. P. Wang, L. Y. Wang, R. N. Wang, W. Wang, X. G. Wang, X. J. Wang, X. Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. J. Wang, Y. P. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. H. Wang, Z. X. Wang, D. M. Wei, J. J. Wei, Y. J. Wei, T. Wen, C. Y. Wu, H. R. Wu, S. Wu, W. X. Wu, X. F. Wu, S. Q. Xi, J. Xia, J. J. Xia, G. M. Xiang, G. Xiao, H. B. Xiao, G. G. Xin, Y. L. Xin, Y. Xing, D. L. Xu, R. X. Xu, L. Xue, D. H. Yan, C. W. Yang, F. F. Yang, J. Y. Yang, L. L. Yang, M. J. Yang, R. Z. Yang, S. B. Yang, Y. H. Yao, Z. G. Yao, Y. M. Ye, L. Q. Yin, N. Yin, X. H. You, Z. Y. You, Y. H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. D. Zeng, T. X. Zeng, W. Zeng, Z. K. Zeng, M. Zha, X. X. Zhai, B. B. Zhang, H. M. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. X. Zhang, P. F. Zhang, P. P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. R. Zhang, S S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X. P. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L. Z. Zhao, S. P. Zhao, F. Zheng, Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J. N. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X. X. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, F. R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, X. Zuo, and The LHAASO Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The focal plane camera is the core component of the Wide Field-of-view Cherenkov/fluorescence Telescope Array (WFCTA) of the Large High-Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). Because of the capability of working under moonlight without aging, silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) have been proven to be not only an alternative but also an improvement to conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in this application. Eighteen SiPM-based cameras with square light funnels have been built for WFCTA. The telescopes have collected more than 100 million cosmic ray events and preliminary results indicate that these cameras are capable of working under moonlight. The characteristics of the light funnels and SiPMs pose challenges (e.g. dynamic range, dark count rate, assembly techniques). In this paper, we present the design features, manufacturing techniques and performances of these cameras. Finally, the test facilities, the test methods and results of SiPMs in the cameras are reported here.
Published: 2021
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16. Modeling of diffusion motion of In nanoparticles in a CdTe crystal during laser-induced doping

Author: S.M. Levytskyi, T. Zhao, Z. Cao, and A.V. Stronski
Subjects: cdte, laser induced doping, x/γ-ray detectors, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: In order to solve the problem of the ohmic contact between the crystal surface and the metal electrode in the manufacturing process of the X/γ-ray detector, this paper uses a laser to probe the doping process of In/CdTe crystals in different media. In this experiment, the Traveling Heater Method (THM) is used to obtain CdTe(111) crystals that meet the requirements (ρ >109Ω∙cm). In and Au materials are respectively coated on the surface of the crystal sample by the vacuum thermal evaporation method to obtain the crystal sample meeting the requirements. The high-resistance p-type CdTe crystal of a relatively thick In film is irradiated with nanosecond laser pulses, the In film is used as an n-type doping source and as an electrode after laser irradiation.
Published: 2021
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17. Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, P. F. de Alarcón, S. Akcay, S. Albanesi, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, T. Andrić, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, F. Antonini, S. Appert, Koji Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, M. Arogeti, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, R. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, L. D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. Brandt, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, J. Bryant, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, J. D. Callaghan, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. Cameron, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, S. Canevarolo, M. Cannavacciuolo, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, Z. Cao, E. Capocasa, E. Capote, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, J. B. Carlin, M. F. Carney, M. Carpinelli, G. Carrillo, G. Carullo, T. L. Carver, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, G. Castaldi, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, M. Ceasar, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya, E. Champion, C.-H. Chan, C. Chan, C. L. Chan, K. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chandra, P. Chanial, S. Chao, C. E. A. Chapman-Bird, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, C. Chatterjee, Debarati Chatterjee, Deep Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, S. Chaty, K. Chatziioannou, C. Chen, H. Y. Chen, J. Chen, K. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-B. Chen, Y.-R. Chen, Z. Chen, H. Cheng, C. K. Cheong, H. Y. Cheung, H. Y. Chia, F. Chiadini, C-Y. Chiang, G. Chiarini, R. Chierici, A. Chincarini, M. L. Chiofalo, A. Chiummo, G. Cho, H. S. Cho, R. K. Choudhary, S. Choudhary, N. Christensen, H. Chu, Q. Chu, Y-K. Chu, S. Chua, K. W. Chung, G. Ciani, P. Ciecielag, M. Cieślar, M. Cifaldi, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, A. Cirone, F. Clara, E. N. Clark, J. A. Clark, L. Clarke, P. Clearwater, S. Clesse, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, E. Codazzo, P.-F. Cohadon, D. E. Cohen, L. Cohen, M. Colleoni, C. G. Collette, A. Colombo, M. Colpi, C. M. Compton, M. Constancio, Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, S. Corezzi, K. R. Corley, N. Cornish, D. Corre, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, B. Cousins, P. Couvares, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, A. W. Criswell, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, J. R. Cudell, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, R. Cummings, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, M. Curyło, P. Dabadie, T. Dal Canton, S. Dall’Osso, G. Dálya, A. Dana, L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani, B. D’Angelo, B. Danila, S. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, C. Darsow-Fromm, A. Dasgupta, L. E. H. Datrier, S. Datta, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, D. Davis, M. C. Davis, E. J. Daw, R. Dean, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, V. Del Favero, F. De Lillo, N. De Lillo, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, F. De Matteis, V. D’Emilio, N. Demos, T. Dent, A. Depasse, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, R. De Simone, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, M. Diaz-Ortiz, Jr., N. A. Didio, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. Di Fronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, L. D’Onofrio, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Y. Drori, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, O. Durante, D. D’Urso, P.-A. Duverne, S. E. Dwyer, C. Eassa, P. J. Easter, M. Ebersold, T. Eckhardt, G. Eddolls, B. Edelman, T. B. Edo, O. Edy, A. Effler, S. Eguchi, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, A. Ejlli, E. Engelby, Y. Enomoto, L. Errico, R. C. Essick, H. Estellés, D. Estevez, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, B. E. Ewing, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, A. M. Farah, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, N. W. Farrow, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, G. Favaro, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, E. Fenyvesi, D. L. Ferguson, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, T. A. Ferreira, F. Fidecaro, P. Figura, I. Fiori, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, R. Fittipaldi, V. Fiumara, R. Flaminio, E. Floden, H. Fong, J. A. Font, B. Fornal, P. W. F. Forsyth, A. Franke, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, C. Frederick, J. P. Freed, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, G. G. Fronzé, Y. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, M. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, J. R. Gair, J. Gais, S. Galaudage, R. Gamba, D. Ganapathy, A. Ganguly, D. Gao, S. G. Gaonkar, B. Garaventa, F. García, C. García-Núñez, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, V. Gayathri, G.-G. Ge, G. Gemme, A. Gennai, J. George, R. N. George, O. Gerberding, L. Gergely, P. Gewecke, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, Shaon Ghosh, Shrobana Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, L. Giacoppo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, D. R. Gibson, C. Gier, M. Giesler, P. Giri, F. Gissi, J. Glanzer, A. E. Gleckl, P. Godwin, J. Golomb, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, N. Gohlke, B. Goncharov, G. González, A. Gopakumar, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, D. W. Gould, B. Grace, A. Grado, M. Granata, V. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, A. M. Gretarsson, E. M. Gretarsson, D. Griffith, W. Griffiths, H. L. Griggs, G. Grignani, A. Grimaldi, S. J. Grimm, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, D. Guerra, G. M. Guidi, A. R. Guimaraes, G. Guixé, H. K. Gulati, H.-K. Guo, Y. Guo, Anchal Gupta, Anuradha Gupta, P. Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, F. Guzman, S. Ha, L. Haegel, A. Hagiwara, S. Haino, O. Halim, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, W.-B. Han, M. Haney, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. Hannuksela, H. Hansen, T. J. Hansen, J. Hanson, T. Harder, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, D. Hartwig, K. Hasegawa, B. Haskell, R. K. Hasskew, C.-J. Haster, K. Hattori, K. Haughian, H. Hayakawa, K. Hayama, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, A. Heidt, M. C. Heintze, J. Heinze, J. Heinzel, H. Heitmann, F. Hellman, P. Hello, A. F. Helmling-Cornell, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, E. Hennes, J. Hennig, M. H. Hennig, A. G. Hernandez, F. Hernandez Vivanco, M. Heurs, S. Hild, P. Hill, Y. Himemoto, A. S. 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Weaver, S. A. Webster, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, C. M. Weller, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, P. Weßels, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Wilken, D. Williams, M. J. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, D. J. Wilson, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, T. Wlodarczyk, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, I. C. F. Wong, C. Wu, D. S. Wu, H. Wu, S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, W-R. Xu, T. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kohei Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamashita, R. Yamazaki, F. W. Yang, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, A. B. Yelikar, M. Ying, K. Yokogawa, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, J. Yoo, T. Yoshioka, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, M. Zhan, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Yue Zhao, Y. Zheng, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, Y. Zlochower, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 Gpc^{−3} yr^{−1} and the neutron star–black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 Gpc^{−3} yr^{−1}, assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and 44 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to (1+z)^{κ} with κ=2.9_{-1.8}^{+1.7} for z≲1. Using both binary neutron star and neutron star–black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from 1.2_{-0.2}^{+0.1} to 2.0_{-0.3}^{+0.3}M_{⊙}. We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of 8.3_{-0.5}^{+0.3} and 27.9_{-1.8}^{+1.9}M_{⊙}. While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary’s more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately 60M_{⊙}, which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below χ_{i}≈0.25. While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned with the orbital angular momentum, we infer evidence of antialigned spins among the binary population. We observe an increase in spin magnitude for systems with more unequal-mass ratio. We also observe evidence of misalignment of spins relative to the orbital angular momentum.
Published: 2023
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18. Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Fast Radio Bursts Detected by CHIME/FRB during the LIGO–Virgo Observing Run O3a

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, S. Albanesi, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, T. Andrić, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, Koji Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, L. D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Boumerdassi, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, J. Bryant, J. Buchanan, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, J. D. Callaghan, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. Cameron, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, S. Canevarolo, M. Cannavacciuolo, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, Z. Cao, E. Capocasa, E. Capote, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, J. B. Carlin, M. F. Carney, M. Carpinelli, G. Carrillo, G. Carullo, T. L. Carver, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, G. Castaldi, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, M. Ceasar, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya, E. Champion, C.-H. Chan, C. Chan, C. L. Chan, K. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chandra, P. Chanial, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, C. Chatterjee, Debarati Chatterjee, Deep Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, S. Chaty, C. Chen, H. Y. Chen, J. Chen, K. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-B. Chen, Y.-R. Chen, Z. Chen, H. Cheng, C. K. Cheong, H. Y. Cheung, H. Y. Chia, F. Chiadini, C-Y. Chiang, G. Chiarini, R. Chierici, A. Chincarini, M. L. Chiofalo, A. Chiummo, G. Cho, H. S. Cho, R. K. Choudhary, S. Choudhary, N. Christensen, H. Chu, Q. Chu, Y-K. Chu, S. Chua, K. W. Chung, G. Ciani, P. Ciecielag, M. Cieślar, M. Cifaldi, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, A. Cirone, F. Clara, E. N. Clark, J. A. Clark, L. Clarke, P. Clearwater, S. Clesse, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, E. Codazzo, P.-F. Cohadon, D. E. Cohen, L. Cohen, M. Colleoni, C. G. Collette, A. Colombo, M. Colpi, C. M. Compton, M. Constancio Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, S. Corezzi, K. R. Corley, N. Cornish, D. Corre, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, B. Cousins, P. Couvares, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, A. W. Criswell, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, J. R. Cudell, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, R. Cummings, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, M. Curyło, P. Dabadie, T. Dal Canton, S. Dall’Osso, G. Dálya, A. Dana, L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani, B. D’Angelo, S. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, C. Darsow-Fromm, A. Dasgupta, L. E. H. Datrier, S. Datta, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, D. Davis, M. C. Davis, E. J. Daw, R. Dean, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, V. Del Favero, F. De Lillo, N. De Lillo, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, F. De Matteis, V. D’Emilio, N. Demos, T. Dent, A. Depasse, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, R. De Simone, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, M. Diaz-Ortiz Jr., N. A. Didio, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. Di Fronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, L. D’Onofrio, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Y. Drori, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, O. Durante, D. D’Urso, P.-A. Duverne, S. E. Dwyer, C. Eassa, P. J. Easter, M. Ebersold, T. Eckhardt, G. Eddolls, B. Edelman, T. B. Edo, O. Edy, A. Effler, S. Eguchi, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, A. Ejlli, E. Engelby, Y. Enomoto, L. Errico, R. C. Essick, H. Estellés, D. Estevez, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, B. E. Ewing, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, A. M. Farah, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, N. W. Farrow, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, G. Favaro, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, E. Fenyvesi, D. L. Ferguson, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, T. A. Ferreira, F. Fidecaro, P. Figura, I. Fiori, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, R. Fittipaldi, V. Fiumara, R. Flaminio, E. Floden, H. Fong, J. A. Font, B. Fornal, P. W. F. Forsyth, A. Franke, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, C. Frederick, J. P. Freed, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, G. G. Fronzé, Y. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, M. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, J. R. Gair, J. Gais, S. Galaudage, R. Gamba, D. Ganapathy, A. Ganguly, D. Gao, S. G. Gaonkar, B. Garaventa, C. García-Núñez, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, V. Gayathri, G.-G. Ge, G. Gemme, A. Gennai, J. George, O. Gerberding, L. Gergely, P. Gewecke, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, Shaon Ghosh, Shrobana Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, L. Giacoppo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, D. R. Gibson, C. Gier, M. Giesler, P. Giri, F. Gissi, J. Glanzer, A. E. Gleckl, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, N. Gohlke, B. Goncharov, G. González, A. Gopakumar, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, D. W. Gould, B. Grace, A. Grado, M. Granata, V. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, A. M. Gretarsson, E. M. Gretarsson, D. Griffith, W. Griffiths, H. L. Griggs, G. Grignani, A. Grimaldi, S. J. Grimm, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, D. Guerra, G. M. Guidi, A. R. Guimaraes, G. Guixé, H. K. Gulati, H.-K. Guo, Y. Guo, Anchal Gupta, Anuradha Gupta, P. Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, F. Guzman, S. Ha, L. Haegel, A. Hagiwara, S. Haino, O. Halim, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, W.-B. Han, M. Haney, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. Hannuksela, H. Hansen, T. J. Hansen, J. Hanson, T. Harder, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, D. Hartwig, K. Hasegawa, B. Haskell, R. K. Hasskew, C.-J. Haster, K. Hattori, K. Haughian, H. Hayakawa, K. Hayama, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, A. Heidt, M. C. Heintze, J. Heinze, J. Heinzel, H. Heitmann, F. Hellman, P. Hello, A. F. Helmling-Cornell, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, E. Hennes, J. Hennig, M. H. Hennig, A. G. Hernandez, F. Hernandez Vivanco, M. Heurs, S. Hild, P. Hill, Y. Himemoto, A. S. Hines, Y. Hiranuma, N. Hirata, E. Hirose, S. Hochheim, D. Hofman, J. N. Hohmann, D. G. Holcomb, N. A. Holland, I. J. Hollows, Z. J. Holmes, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, Z. Hong, P. Hopkins, J. Hough, S. Hourihane, E. J. Howell, C. G. Hoy, D. Hoyland, A. Hreibi, B-H. Hsieh, Y. Hsu, G-Z. Huang, H-Y. Huang, P. Huang, Y-C. Huang, Y.-J. Huang, Y. Huang, M. T. Hübner, A. D. Huddart, B. Hughey, D. C. Y. Hui, V. Hui, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, R. Huxford, T. Huynh-Dinh, S. Ide, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, B. Ikenoue, S. Imam, K. Inayoshi, C. Ingram, Y. Inoue, K. Ioka, M. Isi, K. Isleif, K. Ito, Y. Itoh, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, V. JaberianHamedan, T. Jacqmin, S. J. Jadhav, S. P. Jadhav, A. L. James, A. Z. Jan, K. Jani, J. Janquart, K. Janssens, N. N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, D. Jariwala, R. Jaume, A. C. Jenkins, K. Jenner, C. Jeon, M. Jeunon, W. Jia, H.-B. Jin, G. R. Johns, A. W. Jones, D. I. Jones, J. D. Jones, P. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, P. Jung, K. Jung, J. Junker, V. Juste, K. Kaihotsu, T. Kajita, M. Kakizaki, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, M. Kamiizumi, N. Kanda, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, Y. Kao, S. J. Kapadia, D. P. Kapasi, S. Karat, C. Karathanasis, S. Karki, R. Kashyap, M. Kasprzack, W. Kastaun, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, T. Kaur, K. Kawabe, K. Kawaguchi, N. Kawai, T. Kawasaki, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, J. S. Key, S. Khadka, F. Y. Khalili, S. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Khetan, M. Khursheed, N. Kijbunchoo, C. Kim, J. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, W. S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, C. Kimball, N. Kimura, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, N. Kita, H. Kitazawa, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, A. M. Knee, T. D. Knowles, E. Knyazev, P. Koch, G. Koekoek, Y. Kojima, K. Kokeyama, S. Koley, P. Kolitsidou, M. Kolstein, K. Komori, V. Kondrashov, A. K. H. Kong, A. Kontos, N. Koper, M. Korobko, K. Kotake, M. Kovalam, D. B. Kozak, C. Kozakai, R. Kozu, V. Kringel, N. V. Krishnendu, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, F. Kuei, P. Kuijer, A. Kumar, P. Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, J. Kume, K. Kuns, C. Kuo, H-S. Kuo, Y. Kuromiya, S. Kuroyanagi, K. Kusayanagi, S. Kuwahara, K. Kwak, P. Lagabbe, D. Laghi, E. Lalande, T. L. Lam, A. Lamberts, M. Landry, B. B. Lane, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, I. La Rosa, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, Y. K. Lecoeuche, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, H. W. Lee, J. Lee, K. Lee, R. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lemaître, M. Leonardi, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, C. Levesque, Y. Levin, J. N. Leviton, K. Leyde, A. K. Y. Li, B. Li, J. Li, K. L. Li, T. G. F. Li, X. Li, C-Y. Lin, F-K. Lin, F-L. Lin, H. L. Lin, L. C.-C. Lin, F. Linde, S. D. Linker, J. N. Linley, T. B. Littenberg, G. C. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liu, X. Liu, F. Llamas, M. Llorens-Monteagudo, R. K. L. Lo, A. Lockwood, L. T. London, A. Longo, D. Lopez, M. Lopez Portilla, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, T. P. Lott, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, J. F. Lucaccioni, H. Lück, D. Lumaca, A. P. Lundgren, L.-W. Luo, J. E. Lynam, R. Macas, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, I. A. O. MacMillan, A. Macquet, I. Magaña Hernandez, C. Magazzù, R. M. Magee, R. Maggiore, M. Magnozzi, S. Mahesh, E. Majorana, C. Makarem, I. Maksimovic, S. Maliakal, A. Malik, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, J. L. Mango, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, M. Mapelli, F. Marchesoni, M. Marchio, F. Marion, Z. Mark, S. Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, A. S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, S. Marsat, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, M. Martinez, V. A. Martinez, V. Martinez, K. Martinovic, D. V. Martynov, E. J. Marx, H. Masalehdan, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, M. Mateu-Lucena, F. Matichard, M. Matiushechkina, N. Mavalvala, J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, P. K. McClincy, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, G. I. McGhee, S. C. McGuire, C. McIsaac, J. McIver, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, M. Mehmet, A. K. Mehta, Q. Meijer, A. Melatos, D. A. Melchor, G. Mendell, A. Menendez-Vazquez, C. S. Menoni, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, K. Merfeld, E. L. Merilh, J. D. Merritt, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. 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Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, G. Raaijmakers, H. Radkins, N. Radulesco, P. Raffai, S. X. Rail, S. Raja, C. Rajan, K. E. Ramirez, T. D. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, J. Rana, P. Rapagnani, U. D. Rapol, A. Ray, V. Raymond, N. Raza, M. Razzano, J. Read, L. A. Rees, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, S. W. Reid, D. H. Reitze, P. Relton, A. Renzini, P. Rettegno, M. Rezac, F. Ricci, D. Richards, J. W. Richardson, L. Richardson, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, S. Rinaldi, K. Rink, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, S. Rodriguez, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, A. Romero-Rodríguez, I. M. Romero-Shaw, J. H. Romie, S. Ronchini, L. Rosa, C. A. Rose, D. Rosińska, M. P. Ross, S. Rowan, S. J. Rowlinson, S. Roy, Santosh Roy, Soumen Roy, D. Rozza, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, J. Sadiq, N. Sago, S. Saito, Y. Saito, K. Sakai, Y. Sakai, M. Sakellariadou, Y. Sakuno, O. S. Salafia, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, E. J. Sanchez, J. H. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, N. Sanchis-Gual, J. R. Sanders, A. Sanuy, T. R. Saravanan, N. Sarin, B. Sassolas, H. Satari, S. Sato, T. Sato, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, T. Sawada, D. Sawant, H. L. Sawant, S. Sayah, D. Schaetzl, M. Scheel, J. Scheuer, M. Schiworski, P. Schmidt, S. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, M. Schneewind, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, B. W. Schulte, B. F. Schutz, E. Schwartz, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, M. Seglar-Arroyo, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, E. G. Seo, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, B. Shams, L. Shao, A. Sharma, P. Sharma, P. Shawhan, N. S. Shcheblanov, S. Shibagaki, M. Shikauchi, R. Shimizu, T. Shimoda, K. Shimode, H. Shinkai, T. Shishido, A. Shoda, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, S. ShyamSundar, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, L. P. Singer, D. Singh, N. Singh, A. Singha, A. M. Sintes, V. Sipala, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. Smetana, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, J. Soldateschi, S. N. Somala, K. Somiya, E. J. Son, K. Soni, S. Soni, V. Sordini, F. Sorrentino, N. Sorrentino, H. Sotani, R. Soulard, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, V. Spagnuolo, A. P. Spencer, M. Spera, R. Srinivasan, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, D. A. Steer, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. J. Stops, M. Stover, K. A. Strain, L. C. Strang, G. Stratta, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, S. Sudhagar, V. Sudhir, R. Sugimoto, H. G. Suh, T. Z. Summerscales, H. Sun, L. Sun, S. Sunil, A. Sur, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, Takamasa Suzuki, Toshikazu Suzuki, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, P. Szewczyk, M. Tacca, H. Tagoshi, S. C. Tait, H. Takahashi, R. Takahashi, A. Takamori, S. Takano, H. Takeda, M. Takeda, C. J. Talbot, C. Talbot, H. Tanaka, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Kenta Tanaka, Taiki Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, A. J. Tanasijczuk, S. Tanioka, D. B. Tanner, D. Tao, L. Tao, E. N. Tapia San Martin, E. N. Tapia San Martín, C. Taranto, J. D. Tasson, S. Telada, R. Tenorio, J. E. Terhune, L. Terkowski, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, J. E. Thompson, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, A. M. Toivonen, K. Toland, A. E. Tolley, T. Tomaru, Y. Tomigami, T. Tomura, M. Tonelli, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, I. Tosta e Melo, D. Töyrä, A. Trapananti, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Trevor, M. C. Tringali, A. Tripathee, L. Troiano, A. Trovato, L. Trozzo, R. J. Trudeau, D. S. Tsai, D. Tsai, K. W. Tsang, T. Tsang, J-S. Tsao, M. Tse, R. Tso, K. Tsubono, S. Tsuchida, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, T. Tsutsui, T. Tsuzuki, K. Turbang, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, A. S. Ubhi, N. Uchikata, T. Uchiyama, R. P. Udall, A. Ueda, T. Uehara, K. Ueno, G. Ueshima, C. S. Unnikrishnan, F. Uraguchi, A. L. Urban, T. Ushiba, A. Utina, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, A. Vajpeyi, G. Valdes, M. Valentini, V. Valsan, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, J. Vanosky, M. H. P. M. van Putten, N. van Remortel, M. Vardaro, A. F. Vargas, V. Varma, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, J. Venneberg, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, P. Verma, Y. Verma, D. Veske, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, S. Vidyant, A. D. Viets, A. Vijaykumar, V. Villa-Ortega, J.-Y. Vinet, A. Virtuoso, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, E. R. G. von Reis, J. S. A. von Wrangel, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, K. J. Wagner, R. C. Walet, M. Walker, G. S. Wallace, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, J. Wang, J. Z. Wang, W. H. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, T. Washimi, N. Y. Washington, K. Watada, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, S. A. Webster, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, C. M. Weller, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, P. Weßels, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Wilken, D. Williams, M. J. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, D. J. Wilson, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, T. Wlodarczyk, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, I. C. F. Wong, C. Wu, D. S. Wu, H. Wu, S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, W-R. Xu, T. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kohei Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamashita, R. Yamazaki, F. W. Yang, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, A. B. Yelikar, M. Ying, K. Yokogawa, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, J. Yoo, T. Yoshioka, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, M. Zhan, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Yue Zhao, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, M. Bhardwaj, P. J. Boyle, T. Cassanelli, F. Dong, E. Fonseca, V. Kaspi, C. Leung, K. W. Masui, B. W. Meyers, D. Michilli, C. Ng, A. B. Pearlman, E. Petroff, Z. Pleunis, M. Rafiei-Ravandi, M. Rahman, S. Ransom, P. Scholz, K. Shin, K. Smith, I. Stairs, S. P. Tendulkar, A. V. Zwaniga, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, The KAGRA Collaboration, and The CHIME/FRB Collaboration
Subjects: Gravitational wave astronomy, Radio transient sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We search for gravitational-wave (GW) transients associated with fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project, during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC–2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). Triggers from 22 FRBs were analyzed with a search that targets both binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star–black hole (NSBH) mergers. A targeted search for generic GW transients was conducted on 40 FRBs. We find no significant evidence for a GW association in either search. Given the large uncertainties in the distances of our FRB sample, we are unable to exclude the possibility of a GW association. Assessing the volumetric event rates of both FRB and binary mergers, an association is limited to 15% of the FRB population for BNS mergers or 1% for NSBH mergers. We report 90% confidence lower bounds on the distance to each FRB for a range of GW progenitor models and set upper limits on the energy emitted through GWs for a range of emission scenarios. We find values of order 10 ^51 –10 ^57 erg for models with central GW frequencies in the range 70–3560 Hz. At the sensitivity of this search, we find these limits to be above the predicted GW emissions for the models considered. We also find no significant coincident detection of GWs with the repeater, FRB 20200120E, which is the closest known extragalactic FRB.
Published: 2023
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19. Structure and evolution of the complete mitochondrial genome of the freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Sciaenidae)

Author: H. Wen, X. Ma, P. Xu, Z. Cao, B. Zheng, R. Gu, D. Hua, W. Jin, and G. Sun
Subjects: freshwater drum, mitogenome, control region, phylo, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, SH1-691
Abstract: Background. Overfishing and habitat degradation caused a decline of populations of many fish species belonging to the speciose family Sciaenidae. A reliable taxonomic framework is a prerequisite for implementing effective stock management and conservation measures, but phylogeny and taxonomy of the Sciaenidae remain poorly resolved. As traditionally used morphological and single gene-based molecular markers carry a too limited phylogenetic signal for the task, mitochondrial phylogenomics may be a more suitable tool. The freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque, 1819, is one of the few Sciaenidae species that live in freshwater habitats, which makes it an important model for studying the phylogeny and evolution of Sciaenidae. Materials and methods. We sequenced and characterized its mitogenome, and reconstructed the phylogeny of Sciaenidae using mitogenomes of 28 species. Results. The architecture of the mitogenome (16487 bp in length) is standard for this family, and three typical elements were identified in the control region: extended termination associated sequences, central conserved region, and conserved sequence block. Poor availability of sciaenid mitogenomes (especially those belonging to different lineages) prevented us from resolving the phylogeny of this family with confidence. Notably, our results indicate that Larimichthys and Collichthys species may belong to a single genus, and we suspect that the mitogenome of Chrysochir aureus (Richardson, 1846) has been misidentified taxonomically, and urge its resequencing. Conclusion. The sequencing of additional mitogenomes belonging to non-represented and poorly represented lineages is needed to facilitate the understanding of phylogeny and taxonomy of Sciaenidae.
Published: 2020
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20. A 26-year-old pregnant woman with mild gingival bleeding

Author: J.Z. Zeng, Y. Dong, H.Y. Zhu, X. Xie, J.R. Liu, L. Li, Y.H. Zhai, and Z. Cao
Subjects: dysfibrinogenemia, heterozygous mutation, fibrinogen, bleeding, thrombosis, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract: Congenital dysfibrinogenemia is a genetic coagulopathy that leads to compromised fibrinogen function. This case report describes a 26-year-old pregnant woman at the 38th week of gestation who presented with mild gingival bleeding and constant bruising on her joints. As part of her laboratory workup, fibrinogen was found to be significantly decreased and thrombin time was prolonged. Using whole exome DNA sequence analysis, a heterozygous mutation was identified in the fibrinogen α (FGA) (c.104G > A; p.R35H) gene. This mutation has been reported previously in congenital dysfibrinogenemia (CD) patients who are usually asymptomatic and lack any obvious thrombotic complications. However, both post-partum disseminated intravascular coagulation and mild bleeding have been observed in this type of mutant. The patient in our case received fibrinogen concentrate as replacement therapy during her cesarean section to prevent severe bleeding. Neither major bleeding nor a thrombotic event was observed throughout her surgery.
Published: 2020
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21. Past aridity's effect on carbon mineralization potentials in grassland soils

Author: Z. Cao, Y. Jia, Y. Cai, X. Wang, H. Hu, J. Zhang, J. Jia, and X. Feng
Subjects: Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Mineralization potential is a key property for assessing carbon substrate's degradability and mineralization in biogeochemical models and studies. While mineralization potential is widely examined under controlled conditions, whether and how it is influenced by the past aridity of sample's origins remain poorly constrained, which is important for an accurate assessment and prediction of future CO2 emissions. Here we collect topsoils and subsoils from different aridity regimes along a 2100 km grassland transect of northern China and conduct a 91 d decomposition experiment with and without the addition of 13C-labeled leaf litter under controlled temperature and moisture. CO2 release from both soil organic carbon (SOC) and fresh litter is measured, along with microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, and soil and mineral properties. We find that neither microbial carbon use efficiency nor biomass-normalized metabolic quotient (qCO2) is related to the aridity of sampling sites. However, both fresh litter and SOC display the highest mineralization potentials in soils originating from the driest site. Using pathway analysis, we demonstrate that past aridity's effect is mediated by differential mechanisms for substrates of varied complexity. While microbial biomass plays a more important role in the decomposition of fresh litter, enzyme-catalyzed extracellular reactions predominantly govern the mineralization of SOC. Our findings provide novel evidence on the mechanisms underlying past aridity's effect on the mineralization potentials of organic matter with different qualities, which has significant implications for assessing and modeling decomposition in different aridity regimes.
Published: 2019
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22. Building the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON): long-term stability and ensemble performance of the EM27/SUN Fourier transform spectrometer

Author: M. Frey, M. K. Sha, F. Hase, M. Kiel, T. Blumenstock, R. Harig, G. Surawicz, N. M. Deutscher, K. Shiomi, J. E. Franklin, H. Bösch, J. Chen, M. Grutter, H. Ohyama, Y. Sun, A. Butz, G. Mengistu Tsidu, D. Ene, D. Wunch, Z. Cao, O. Garcia, M. Ramonet, F. Vogel, and J. Orphal
Subjects: Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract: In a 3.5-year long study, the long-term performance of a mobile, solar absorption Bruker EM27/SUN spectrometer, used for greenhouse gas observations, is checked with respect to a co-located reference Bruker IFS 125HR spectrometer, which is part of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). We find that the EM27/SUN is stable on timescales of several years; the drift per year between the EM27/SUN and the official TCCON product is 0.02 ppmv for XCO2 and 0.9 ppbv for XCH4, which is within the 1σ precision of the comparison, 0.6 ppmv for XCO2 and 4.3 ppbv for XCH4. The bias between the two data sets is 3.9 ppmv for XCO2 and 13.0 ppbv for XCH4. In order to avoid sensitivity-dependent artifacts, the EM27/SUN is also compared to a truncated IFS 125HR data set derived from full-resolution TCCON interferograms. The drift is 0.02 ppmv for XCO2 and 0.2 ppbv for XCH4 per year, with 1σ precisions of 0.4 ppmv for XCO2 and 1.4 ppbv for XCH4, respectively. The bias between the two data sets is 0.6 ppmv for XCO2 and 0.5 ppbv for XCH4. With the presented long-term stability, the EM27/SUN qualifies as an useful supplement to the existing TCCON network in remote areas. To achieve consistent performance, such an extension requires careful testing of any spectrometers involved by application of common quality assurance measures. One major aim of the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) infrastructure is to provide these services to all EM27/SUN operators. In the framework of COCCON development, the performance of an ensemble of 30 EM27/SUN spectrometers was tested and found to be very uniform, enhanced by the centralized inspection performed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology prior to deployment. Taking into account measured instrumental line shape parameters for each spectrometer, the resulting average bias across the ensemble with respect to the reference EM27/SUN used in the long-term study in XCO2 is 0.20 ppmv, while it is 0.8 ppbv for XCH4. The average standard deviation of the ensemble is 0.13 ppmv for XCO2 and 0.6 ppbv for XCH4. In addition to the robust metric based on absolute differences, we calculate the standard deviation among the empirical calibration factors. The resulting 2σ uncertainty is 0.6 ppmv for XCO2 and 2.2 ppbv for XCH4. As indicated by the executed long-term study on one device presented here, the remaining empirical calibration factor deduced for each individual instrument can be assumed constant over time. Therefore the application of these empirical factors is expected to further improve the EM27/SUN network conformity beyond the scatter among the empirical calibration factors reported above.
Published: 2019
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23. Laser frequency stabilization based on a universal sub-Doppler NICE-OHMS instrumentation for the potential application in atmospheric lidar

Author: Y. Zhou, J. Liu, S. Guo, G. Zhao, W. Ma, Z. Cao, L. Dong, L. Zhang, W. Yin, Y. Wu, L. Xiao, O. Axner, and S. Jia
Subjects: Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Earthwork. Foundations, TA715-787
Abstract: Lidar is an effective tool for high-altitude atmospheric measurement in which a weak absorption line for the target gas is selected to ensure a large optical depth. The laser frequency stabilization to the line center is required, and a sub-Doppler (sD) spectroscopy of the target line is preferred as a frequency reference. In this paper, a novel universal sD noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) instrumentation based on a fiber-coupled optical single-sideband electro-optic modulator (f-SSM) for the potential application in atmospheric lidar for different target gases with different types of lasers is reported. The f-SSM can replace all frequency actuators in the system, so as to eliminate the individual design of feedback servos that often are tailored for each laser. The universality of the instrumentation was demonstrated by the alternative use of either an Er-doped fiber laser or a whispering-gallery-mode laser. Then the instruments based on both lasers were used to produce the sD signals of acetylene, which worked as a frequency reference to stabilize the laser. By performing the lockings, relative frequency stabilizations of 8.3×10-13 and 7.5×10-13 at an integration time of 240 s were demonstrated.
Published: 2019
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24. Observation of Gravitational Waves from Two Neutron Star–Black Hole Coalescences

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, A. Adams, C. Adams, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, K. M. Aleman, G. Allen, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, Koya Arai, Koji Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, P. Aufmuth, K. AultONeal, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, M. Bals, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, R. S. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, M. G. Benjamin, R. Benkel, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, R. Bhandare, A. V. Bhandari, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, J. Bidler, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, J. Blackman, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, J. Bryant, A. Buikema, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, M. Caesar, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, H. W. Cain III, J. Calderón Bustillo, J. D. Callaghan, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, M. Cannavacciuolo, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, J. Cao, Z. Cao, E. Capocasa, E. Capote, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, J. B. Carlin, M. F. Carney, M. Carpinelli, G. Carullo, T. L. Carver, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, G. Castaldi, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, B. Champion, C.-H. Chan, C. Chan, C. L. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chandra, P. Chanial, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, D. Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, K. Chatziioannou, A. Chen, C. Chen, H. Y. Chen, J. Chen, K. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-B. Chen, Y.-R. Chen, Z. Chen, H. Cheng, C. K. Cheong, H. Y. Cheung, H. Y. Chia, F. Chiadini, C-Y. Chiang, R. Chierici, A. Chincarini, M. L. Chiofalo, A. Chiummo, G. Cho, H. S. Cho, S. Choate, R. K. Choudhary, S. Choudhary, N. Christensen, H. Chu, Q. Chu, Y-K. Chu, S. Chua, K. W. Chung, G. Ciani, P. Ciecielag, M. Cieślar, M. Cifaldi, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, A. Cirone, F. Clara, E. N. Clark, J. A. Clark, L. Clarke, P. Clearwater, S. Clesse, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, P.-F. Cohadon, D. E. Cohen, L. Cohen, M. Colleoni, C. G. Collette, M. Colpi, C. M. Compton, M. Constancio Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, S. Corezzi, K. R. Corley, N. Cornish, D. Corre, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, S. B. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, B. Cousins, P. Couvares, P. B. Covas, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, A. W. Criswell, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, J. R. Cudell, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, R. Cummings, E. Cuoco, M. Curyło, T. Dal Canton, G. Dálya, A. Dana, L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani, B. D’Angelo, S. L. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, C. Darsow-Fromm, A. Dasgupta, L. E. H. Datrier, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, G. S. Davies, D. Davis, E. J. Daw, R. Dean, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, V. Del Favero, F. De Lillo, N. De Lillo, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, F. De Matteis, V. D’Emilio, N. Demos, T. Dent, A. Depasse, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, R. De Simone, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, M. Diaz-Ortiz Jr., N. A. Didio, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. Di Fronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, L. D’Onofrio, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Y. Drori, Z. Du, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, O. Durante, D. D’Urso, P.-A. Duverne, S. E. Dwyer, P. J. Easter, M. Ebersold, G. Eddolls, B. 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Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, R. Zhang, T. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Yue Zhao, Yuhang Zhao, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, Y. Zlochower, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We report the observation of gravitational waves from two compact binary coalescences in LIGO’s and Virgo’s third observing run with properties consistent with neutron star–black hole (NSBH) binaries. The two events are named GW200105_162426 and GW200115_042309, abbreviated as GW200105 and GW200115; the first was observed by LIGO Livingston and Virgo and the second by all three LIGO–Virgo detectors. The source of GW200105 has component masses $8.{9}_{-1.5}^{+1.2}$ and $1.{9}_{-0.2}^{+0.3}\,{M}_{\odot }$ , whereas the source of GW200115 has component masses $5.{7}_{-2.1}^{+1.8}$ and $1.{5}_{-0.3}^{+0.7}\,{M}_{\odot }$ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The probability that the secondary’s mass is below the maximal mass of a neutron star is 89%–96% and 87%–98%, respectively, for GW200105 and GW200115, with the ranges arising from different astrophysical assumptions. The source luminosity distances are ${280}_{-110}^{+110}$ and ${300}_{-100}^{+150}\,\mathrm{Mpc}$ , respectively. The magnitude of the primary spin of GW200105 is less than 0.23 at the 90% credible level, and its orientation is unconstrained. For GW200115, the primary spin has a negative spin projection onto the orbital angular momentum at 88% probability. We are unable to constrain the spin or tidal deformation of the secondary component for either event. We infer an NSBH merger rate density of ${45}_{-33}^{+75}\,{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{-3}\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$ when assuming that GW200105 and GW200115 are representative of the NSBH population or ${130}_{-69}^{+112}\,{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{-3}\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}$ under the assumption of a broader distribution of component masses.
Published: 2021
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25. Narrowband Searches for Continuous and Long-duration Transient Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the LIGO-Virgo Third Observing Run

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, S. Albanesi, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, T. Andrić, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, Koji Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, M. Bailes, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, L. D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. 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Makarem, I. Maksimovic, S. Maliakal, A. Malik, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, J. L. Mango, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, M. Mapelli, F. Marchesoni, M. Marchio, F. Marion, Z. Mark, S. Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, A. S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, S. Marsat, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, M. Martinez, V. A. Martinez, V. Martinez, K. Martinovic, D. V. Martynov, E. J. Marx, H. Masalehdan, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, M. Mateu-Lucena, F. Matichard, M. Matiushechkina, N. Mavalvala, J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, P. K. McClincy, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, G. I. McGhee, S. C. McGuire, C. McIsaac, J. McIver, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, M. Mehmet, A. K. Mehta, Q. Meijer, A. Melatos, D. A. Melchor, G. Mendell, A. Menendez-Vazquez, C. S. Menoni, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, K. Merfeld, E. L. Merilh, J. D. Merritt, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, P. M. Meyers, F. Meylahn, A. Mhaske, A. Miani, H. Miao, I. Michaloliakos, C. Michel, Y. Michimura, H. Middleton, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, B. Miller, M. Millhouse, J. C. Mills, E. Milotti, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, N. Mio, Ll. M. Mir, M. Miravet-Tenés, C. Mishra, T. Mishra, T. Mistry, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, A. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, K. Miyo, S. Miyoki, Geoffrey Mo, L. M. Modafferi, E. Moguel, K. Mogushi, S. R. P. Mohapatra, S. R. Mohite, I. Molina, M. Molina-Ruiz, M. Mondin, M. Montani, C. J. Moore, J. Moragues, D. Moraru, F. Morawski, A. More, C. Moreno, G. Moreno, Y. Mori, S. Morisaki, Y. Moriwaki, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, S. Mozzon, F. Muciaccia, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, Soma Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, Suvodip Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. Muñiz, P. G. Murray, R. Musenich, S. Muusse, S. L. Nadji, K. Nagano, S. Nagano, A. Nagar, K. Nakamura, H. Nakano, M. Nakano, R. Nakashima, Y. Nakayama, V. Napolano, I. Nardecchia, T. Narikawa, L. Naticchioni, B. Nayak, R. K. Nayak, R. Negishi, B. F. Neil, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery, P. Neubauer, A. Neunzert, K. Y. Ng, S. W. S. Ng, C. Nguyen, P. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, L. Nguyen Quynh, W.-T. Ni, S. A. Nichols, A. Nishizawa, S. Nissanke, E. Nitoglia, F. Nocera, M. Norman, C. North, S. Nozaki, L. K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, B. D. O’Brien, Y. Obuchi, J. O’Dell, E. Oelker, W. Ogaki, G. Oganesyan, J. J. Oh, K. Oh, S. H. Oh, M. Ohashi, N. Ohishi, M. Ohkawa, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M. A. Okada, Y. Okutani, K. Okutomi, C. Olivetto, K. Oohara, C. Ooi, R. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. G. Ormiston, N. D. Ormsby, L. F. Ortega, R. O’Shaughnessy, E. O’Shea, S. Oshino, S. Ossokine, C. Osthelder, S. Otabe, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, A. E. Pace, G. Pagano, M. A. Page, G. Pagliaroli, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, H. Pan, K. Pan, P. K. Panda, H. Pang, P. T. H. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. H. Panther, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, A. Paolone, A. Parisi, H. Park, J. Park, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patel, M. Pathak, B. Patricelli, A. S. Patron, S. Patrone, S. Paul, E. Payne, M. Pedraza, M. Pegoraro, A. Pele, F. E. Peña Arellano, S. Penn, A. Perego, A. Pereira, T. Pereira, C. J. Perez, C. Périgois, C. C. Perkins, A. Perreca, S. Perriès, J. Petermann, D. Petterson, H. P. Pfeiffer, K. A. Pham, K. S. Phukon, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, M. Piendibene, F. Piergiovanni, L. Pierini, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, M. Pillas, F. Pilo, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pinto, K. Piotrzkowski, M. Pirello, M. D. Pitkin, E. Placidi, L. Planas, W. Plastino, C. Pluchar, R. Poggiani, E. Polini, D. Y. T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, R. Poulton, J. Powell, M. Pracchia, T. Pradier, A. K. Prajapati, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, M. Principe, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, P. Prosposito, L. Prudenzi, A. Puecher, M. Punturo, F. Puosi, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, G. Raaijmakers, H. Radkins, N. Radulesco, P. Raffai, S. X. Rail, S. Raja, C. Rajan, K. E. Ramirez, T. D. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, J. Rana, P. Rapagnani, U. D. Rapol, A. Ray, V. Raymond, N. Raza, M. Razzano, J. Read, L. A. Rees, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, S. W. Reid, D. H. Reitze, P. Relton, A. Renzini, P. Rettegno, M. Rezac, F. Ricci, D. Richards, J. W. Richardson, L. Richardson, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, S. Rinaldi, K. Rink, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, S. Rodriguez, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, A. Romero-Rodríguez, I. M. Romero-Shaw, J. H. Romie, S. Ronchini, L. Rosa, C. A. Rose, D. Rosińska, M. P. Ross, S. Rowan, S. J. Rowlinson, S. Roy, Santosh Roy, Soumen Roy, D. Rozza, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, J. Sadiq, N. Sago, S. Saito, Y. Saito, K. Sakai, Y. Sakai, M. Sakellariadou, Y. Sakuno, O. S. Salafia, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, E. J. Sanchez, J. H. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, N. Sanchis-Gual, J. R. Sanders, A. Sanuy, T. R. Saravanan, N. Sarin, B. Sassolas, H. Satari, S. Sato, T. Sato, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, T. Sawada, D. Sawant, H. L. Sawant, S. Sayah, D. Schaetzl, M. Scheel, J. Scheuer, M. Schiworski, P. Schmidt, S. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, M. Schneewind, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, B. W. Schulte, B. F. Schutz, E. Schwartz, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, M. Seglar-Arroyo, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, E. G. Seo, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, B. Shams, L. Shao, A. Sharma, P. Sharma, P. Shawhan, N. S. Shcheblanov, S. Shibagaki, M. Shikauchi, R. Shimizu, T. Shimoda, K. Shimode, H. Shinkai, T. Shishido, A. Shoda, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, S. ShyamSundar, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, L. P. Singer, D. Singh, N. Singh, A. Singha, A. M. Sintes, V. Sipala, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. Smetana, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, J. Soldateschi, S. N. Somala, K. Somiya, E. J. Son, K. Soni, S. Soni, V. Sordini, F. Sorrentino, N. Sorrentino, H. Sotani, R. Soulard, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, V. Spagnuolo, A. P. Spencer, M. Spera, R. Srinivasan, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, D. A. Steer, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. J. Stops, M. Stover, K. A. Strain, L. C. Strang, G. Stratta, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, S. Sudhagar, V. Sudhir, R. Sugimoto, H. G. Suh, T. Z. Summerscales, H. Sun, L. Sun, S. Sunil, A. Sur, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, Takamasa Suzuki, Toshikazu Suzuki, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, P. Szewczyk, M. Tacca, H. Tagoshi, S. C. Tait, H. Takahashi, R. Takahashi, A. Takamori, S. Takano, H. Takeda, M. Takeda, C. J. Talbot, C. Talbot, H. Tanaka, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Kenta Tanaka, Taiki Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, A. J. Tanasijczuk, S. Tanioka, D. B. Tanner, D. Tao, L. Tao, E. N. Tapia San Martín, C. Taranto, J. D. Tasson, S. Telada, R. Tenorio, J. E. Terhune, L. Terkowski, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, J. E. Thompson, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, A. M. Toivonen, K. Toland, A. E. Tolley, T. Tomaru, Y. Tomigami, T. Tomura, M. Tonelli, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, I. Tosta e Melo, D. Töyrä, A. Trapananti, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Trevor, M. C. Tringali, A. Tripathee, L. Troiano, A. Trovato, L. Trozzo, R. J. Trudeau, D. S. Tsai, D. Tsai, K. W. Tsang, T. Tsang, J-S. Tsao, M. Tse, R. Tso, K. Tsubono, S. Tsuchida, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, T. Tsutsui, T. Tsuzuki, K. Turbang, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, A. S. Ubhi, N. Uchikata, T. Uchiyama, R. P. Udall, A. Ueda, T. Uehara, K. Ueno, G. Ueshima, C. S. Unnikrishnan, F. Uraguchi, A. L. Urban, T. Ushiba, A. Utina, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, A. Vajpeyi, G. Valdes, M. Valentini, V. Valsan, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, J. Vanosky, M. H. P. M. van Putten, N. van Remortel, M. Vardaro, A. F. Vargas, V. Varma, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, J. Venneberg, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, P. Verma, Y. Verma, D. Veske, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, S. Vidyant, A. D. Viets, A. Vijaykumar, V. Villa-Ortega, J.-Y. Vinet, A. Virtuoso, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, E. R. G. von Reis, J. S. A. von Wrangel, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, K. J. Wagner, R. C. Walet, M. Walker, G. S. Wallace, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, J. Wang, J. Z. Wang, W. H. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, T. Washimi, N. Y. Washington, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, S. A. Webster, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, C. M. Weller, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, P. Weßels, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Wilken, D. Williams, M. J. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, D. J. Wilson, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, T. Wlodarczyk, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, I. C. F. Wong, C. Wu, D. S. Wu, H. Wu, S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, W-R. Xu, T. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kohei Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamashita, R. Yamazaki, F. W. Yang, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, A. B. Yelikar, M. Ying, K. Yokogawa, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, J. Yoo, T. Yoshioka, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, M. Zhan, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Yue Zhao, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration, D. Antonopoulou, Z. Arzoumanian, A. Basu, S. Bogdanov, I. Cognard, K. Crowter, T. Enoto, C. M. Espinoza, C. M. L. Flynn, E. Fonseca, D. C. Good, L. Guillemot, S. Guillot, A. K. Harding, M. J. Keith, L. Kuiper, M. E. Lower, A. G. Lyne, J. W. McKee, B. W. Meyers, C. Ng, J. L. Palfreyman, R. M. Shannon, B. Shaw, I. H. Stairs, B. W. Stappers, C. M. Tan, G. Theureau, and P. Weltevrede
Subjects: Gravitational wave astronomy, Neutron stars, Pulsars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Isolated neutron stars that are asymmetric with respect to their spin axis are possible sources of detectable continuous gravitational waves. This paper presents a fully coherent search for such signals from eighteen pulsars in data from LIGO and Virgo’s third observing run (O3). For known pulsars, efficient and sensitive matched-filter searches can be carried out if one assumes the gravitational radiation is phase-locked to the electromagnetic emission. In the search presented here, we relax this assumption and allow both the frequency and the time derivative of the frequency of the gravitational waves to vary in a small range around those inferred from electromagnetic observations. We find no evidence for continuous gravitational waves, and set upper limits on the strain amplitude for each target. These limits are more constraining for seven of the targets than the spin-down limit defined by ascribing all rotational energy loss to gravitational radiation. In an additional search, we look in O3 data for long-duration (hours–months) transient gravitational waves in the aftermath of pulsar glitches for six targets with a total of nine glitches. We report two marginal outliers from this search, but find no clear evidence for such emission either. The resulting duration-dependent strain upper limits do not surpass indirect energy constraints for any of these targets.
Published: 2022
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26. Screening and identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis of prostate cancer based on circulating exosomal RNA

Author: F. Wang, J. Ji, Y.L. Xu, X. Chen, J.Y. He, Z. Cao, H. Xu, and Y.H. Sun
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2020
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27. Plume-SPH 1.0: a three-dimensional, dusty-gas volcanic plume model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Author: Z. Cao, A. Patra, M. Bursik, E. B. Pitman, and M. Jones
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Plume-SPH provides the first particle-based simulation of volcanic plumes. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) has several advantages over currently used mesh-based methods in modeling of multiphase free boundary flows like volcanic plumes. This tool will provide more accurate eruption source terms to users of volcanic ash transport and dispersion models (VATDs), greatly improving volcanic ash forecasts. The accuracy of these terms is crucial for forecasts from VATDs, and the 3-D SPH model presented here will provide better numerical accuracy. As an initial effort to exploit the feasibility and advantages of SPH in volcanic plume modeling, we adopt a relatively simple physics model (3-D dusty-gas dynamic model assuming well-mixed eruption material, dynamic equilibrium and thermodynamic equilibrium between erupted material and air that entrained into the plume, and minimal effect of winds) targeted at capturing the salient features of a volcanic plume. The documented open-source code is easily obtained and extended to incorporate other models of physics of interest to the large community of researchers investigating multiphase free boundary flows of volcanic or other origins.The Plume-SPH code (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo. 572819) also incorporates several newly developed techniques in SPH needed to address numerical challenges in simulating multiphase compressible turbulent flow. The code should thus be also of general interest to the much larger community of researchers using and developing SPH-based tools. In particular, the SPH−ε turbulence model is used to capture mixing at unresolved scales. Heat exchange due to turbulence is calculated by a Reynolds analogy, and a corrected SPH is used to handle tensile instability and deficiency of particle distribution near the boundaries. We also developed methodology to impose velocity inlet and pressure outlet boundary conditions, both of which are scarce in traditional implementations of SPH.The core solver of our model is parallelized with the message passing interface (MPI) obtaining good weak and strong scalability using novel techniques for data management using space-filling curves (SFCs), object creation time-based indexing and hash-table-based storage schemes. These techniques are of interest to researchers engaged in developing particles in cell-type methods. The code is first verified by 1-D shock tube tests, then by comparing velocity and concentration distribution along the central axis and on the transverse cross with experimental results of JPUE (jet or plume that is ejected from a nozzle into a uniform environment). Profiles of several integrated variables are compared with those calculated by existing 3-D plume models for an eruption with the same mass eruption rate (MER) estimated for the Mt. Pinatubo eruption of 15 June 1991. Our results are consistent with existing 3-D plume models. Analysis of the plume evolution process demonstrates that this model is able to reproduce the physics of plume development.
Published: 2018
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28. MONITORING AND ANALYZING THE GEOSPATIAL PATTERNS OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA (PRD) FROM 1960 TO 2012

Author: J. Wang, Z. Wu, S. Li, and Z. Cao
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: The Geospatial Patterns Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the most economically-important and fastest-growing regions in China, have changed remarkably and continuously during the past decades. In this research, the change of landuse, coastline during 1960–2012 were closely investigated to provide better description and explanation of the geospatial pattern. And the relationships between them were explored. Finally, the impact that urban expansion brought to the coastal environment was quantitatively analyzed. The main remarks of this research are summarized into the following points: (1) In PRD, construction land expanded 33 times. In the meantime, the area of forest and farmland decreased 47.53 % and 56.70 %, respectively. (2) The land demand for agricultural development was the key factor that changed coastline in PRD before 2000. Since 2000, land demand for urban construction has been the key factor that changed coastline in PRD. (3) During 1960 to 2012, the length of coastline in PRD increased from 1134.95 km to 1508.02 km with an increasing speed of 7.17 km per year. Relatively, the coastline changed more obvious in three periods (2004 to 2006, 2006 to 2008 and 2008 to 2010). (4) The type of coastline changed remarkably from 1960 to 2012. 82.94 % of the natural coastline in PRD disappeared until 2012. Known from this research, the geospatial patterns of the PRD changed remarkably during 1960 to 2012, mainly driven by human activities. The coastal environment is facing serious risks and challenges under the rapid process of urbanization.
Published: 2018
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29. Multiscale dynamical network mechanisms underlying aging of an online organism from birth to death

Author: M. Zheng, Z. Cao, Y. Vorobyeva, P. Manrique, C. Song, and N. F. Johnson
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract We present the continuous-time evolution of an online organism network from birth to death which crosses all organizational and temporal scales, from individual components through to the mesoscopic and entire system scale. These continuous-time data reveal a lifespan driven by punctuated, real-time co-evolution of the structural and functional networks. Aging sees these structural and functional networks gradually diverge in terms of their small-worldness and eventually their connectivity. Dying emerges as an extended process associated with the formation of large but disjoint functional sub-networks together with an increasingly detached core. Our mathematical model quantifies the very different impacts that interventions will have on the overall lifetime, period of initial growth, peak of potency, and duration of old age, depending on when and how they are administered. In addition to their direct relevance to online extremism, our findings may offer insight into aging in other network systems of comparable complexity for which extensive in vivo data is not yet available.
Published: 2018
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30. Line Matching Algorithm for Aerial Image Combining image and object space similarity constraints

Author: J. Wang, W. Wang, X. Li, Z. Cao, H. Zhu, M. Li, B. He, and Z. Zhao
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: A new straight line matching method for aerial images is proposed in this paper. Compared to previous works, similarity constraints combining radiometric information in image and geometry attributes in object plane are employed in these methods. Firstly, initial candidate lines and the elevation values of lines projection plane are determined by corresponding points in neighborhoods of reference lines. Secondly, project reference line and candidate lines back forward onto the plane, and then similarity measure constraints are enforced to reduce the number of candidates and to determine the finial corresponding lines in a hierarchical way. Thirdly, "one-to-many" and "many-to-one" matching results are transformed into "one-to-one" by merging many lines into the new one, and the errors are eliminated simultaneously. Finally, endpoints of corresponding lines are detected by line expansion process combing with "image-object-image" mapping mode. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can be able to obtain reliable line matching results for aerial images.
Published: 2016
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31. Effect of dietary fiber on the methanogen community in the hindgut of Lantang gilts

Author: Z. Cao, J.B. Liang, X.D. Liao, A.D.G. Wright, Y.B. Wu, and B. Yu
Subjects: Methanobrevibacter, Lantang gilts, dietary fiber, methanogen community, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fiber on methanogenic diversity and community composition in the hindgut of indigenous Chinese Lantang gilts to explain the unexpected findings reported earlier that Lantang gilts fed low-fiber diet (LFD) produced more methane than those fed high-fiber diet (HFD). In total, 12 Lantang gilts (58.7±0.37 kg) were randomly divided into two dietary groups (six replicates (pigs) per group) and fed either LFD (NDF=201.46 g/kg) or HFD (NDF=329.70 g/kg). Wheat bran was the main source of fiber for the LFD, whereas ground rice hull (mixture of rice hull and rice bran) was used for the HFD. Results showed that the methanogens in the hindgut of Lantang gilts belonged to four known species (Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanobrevibacter wolinii, Methanosphaera stadtmanae and Methanobrevibacter smithii), with about 89% of the methanogens belonging to the genus Methanobrevibacter. The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene copies of Methanobrevibacter were more than three times higher (P0.05) was observed in 16S rRNA gene copies of Fibrobacter succinogenes between the two dietary groups, and 18S rRNA gene copies of anaerobic fungi in gilts fed LFD were lower than (P
Published: 2016
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32. Complexity in Individual Trajectories toward Online Extremism

Author: Z. Cao, M. Zheng, Y. Vorobyeva, C. Song, and N. F. Johnson
Subjects: Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract: Society faces a fundamental global problem of understanding which individuals are currently developing strong support for some extremist entity such as ISIS (Islamic State), even if they never end up doing anything in the real world. The importance of online connectivity in developing intent has been confirmed by recent case studies of already convicted terrorists. Here we use ideas from Complexity to identify dynamical patterns in the online trajectories that individuals take toward developing a high level of extremist support, specifically, for ISIS. Strong memory effects emerge among individuals whose transition is fastest and hence may become “out of the blue” threats in the real world. A generalization of diagrammatic expansion theory helps quantify these characteristics, including the impact of changes in geographical location, and can facilitate prediction of future risks. By quantifying the trajectories that individuals follow on their journey toward expressing high levels of pro-ISIS support—irrespective of whether they then carry out a real-world attack or not—our findings can help move safety debates beyond reliance on static watch-list identifiers such as ethnic background or immigration status and/or postfact interviews with already convicted individuals. Given the broad commonality of social media platforms, our results likely apply quite generally; for example, even on Telegram where (like Twitter) there is no built-in group feature as in our study, individuals tend to collectively build and pass through the so-called super-group accounts.
Published: 2018
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33. Material Exchange and Migration between Pore Fluids and Sandstones during Diagenetic Processes in Rift Basins: A Case Study Based on Analysis of Diagenetic Products in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China

Author: W. Meng, J. H. Zeng, Z. Cao, G. Q. Song, Y. S. Wang, J. L. Teng, and Z. Guo
Subjects: Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: The exchange and migration of basin materials that are carried by pore fluids are the essence of diagenesis, which can alter physical properties of clastic rocks as well as control formation and distribution of favorable reservoirs of petroliferous basins. Diagenetic products and pore fluids, resulting from migration and exchange of basin materials, can be used to deduce those processes. In this study, 300 core samples from 46 wells were collected for preparation of casting thin sections, SEM, BSE, EDS, inclusion analysis, and isotope analysis in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China. Combined with geochemical characteristics of pore fluids and geological background of the study area, the source and exchange mechanisms of materials in the pore fluids of rift basins were discussed. It was revealed that the material exchange of pore fluids could be divided into five stages. The first stage was the evaporation concentration stage during which mainly Ca2+, Mg2+, and CO32- precipitated as high-Mg calcites. Then came the shale compaction stage, when mainly Ca2+ and CO32- from shale compaction water precipitated as calcites. The third stage was the carboxylic acid dissolution stage featured by predominant dissolution of plagioclases, during which Ca2+ and Na+ entered pore fluids, and Si and Al also entered pore fluids and then migrated as clathrates, ultimately precipitating as kaolinites. The fourth stage was the organic CO2 stage, mainly characterized by the kaolinization of K-feldspar as well as dissolution of metamorphic lithic fragments and carbon cements. During this stage, K+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3-, and CO32- entered pore fluids. The fifth stage was the alkaline fluid stage, during which the cementation of ferro-carbonates and ankerites as well as illitization or chloritization of kaolinites prevailed, leading to the precipitation of K+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and CO32- from pore fluids.
Published: 2018
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34. Study of Efficiency in a Sliding Vane Pressure Exchanger

Author: F. Ye, J. Deng, Z. Cao, and B. Yang
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Sliding vane pressure exchanger (SVPE) is expected to be an efficient device which recovers pressure energy from liquid streams in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) system. In this work, a matching design of vane number and port location was proposed to eliminate the short circuit flow, reversed flow, liquid decompression and compression. The contact performance between the cylinder and vane was studied by the proposed vane dynamics model. Then, the vane dynamics model in conjunction with the energy loss model were used to evaluate the work transfer efficiency of SVPE. The critical condition of contact performance and the work transfer efficiency of SVPE were simulated. Finally, the influences of device parameters on the work transfer efficiency were discussed. The results suggest a careful selection of device parameters, such as rotational speed, vane thickness and vane length, is critical in order to improve the work transfer efficiency of SVPE.
Published: 2017
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35. Performance Analysis of Thermal Vapor Compression Integrated with Reverse Osmosis Desalination System

Author: Z. Cao, J. Deng, F. Ye, and Jr., C.A. Garris
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: Based on the thermal and membrane desalination technology, this study presents an analysis of an integrated single stage TVC-RO system. The hybrid system produces fresh water with an adjustable salinity in parallel operation. A steam ejector and a pressure exchanger are applied as the energy recovery devices. For comparison, a coupling system without energy recovery process is also modeled in the steady-state condition. System performance is evaluated by specific energy consumption and production ratio. The effects of several design parameters on system performance are investigated including boiling temperature, compression ratio, motive steam pressure, and target recovery rate. Results of the analysis indicate that the product salinity is adjustable in the TVC-RO system, and the system performance is largely dominated by system configurations and design parameters. To improve the system performance, the use of energy recovery device is necessary, and the membrane operation is recommended if the process is less demanding on product purity. A better performance can be obtained by increasing the target recovery rate of the RO membrane and decreasing compression ratio and motive steam pressure of the ejector. As the boiling temperature increases, one can expect that the production rate increases at a cost of a higher specific energy consumption.
Published: 2017
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36. Diagnosing CO2 fluxes in the upwelling system off the Oregon–California coast

Author: Z. Cao, M. Dai, W. Evans, J. Gan, and R. Feely
Subjects: Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: It is generally known that the interplay between the carbon and nutrients supplied from subsurface waters via biological metabolism determines the CO2 fluxes in upwelling systems. However, quantificational assessment of such interplay is difficult because of the dynamic nature of both upwelling circulation and the associated biogeochemistry. We recently proposed a new framework, the Ocean-dominated Margin (OceMar), for semi-quantitatively diagnosing the CO2 source/sink nature of an ocean margin over a given period of time, highlighting that the relative consumption between carbon and nutrients determines if carbon is in excess (i.e., CO2 source) or in deficit (i.e., CO2 sink) in the upper waters of ocean margins relative to their off-site inputs from the adjacent open ocean. In the present study, such a diagnostic approach based upon both couplings of physics–biogeochemistry and carbon–nutrients was applied to resolve the CO2 fluxes in the well-known upwelling system off Oregon and northern California of the US west coast, using data collected along three cross-shelf transects from the inner shelf to the open basin in spring/early summer 2007. Through examining the biological consumption on top of the water mass mixing revealed by the total alkalinity–salinity relationship, we successfully predicted and semi-analytically resolved the CO2 fluxes showing strong uptake from the atmosphere beyond the nearshore regions. This CO2 sink nature primarily resulted from the higher utilization of nutrients relative to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) based on their concurrent inputs from the depth. On the other hand, the biological responses to intensified upwelling were minor in nearshore waters off the Oregon–California coast, where significant CO2 outgassing was observed during the sampling period and resolving CO2 fluxes could be simplified without considering DIC/nutrient consumption, i.e., decoupling between upwelling and biological consumption. We reasoned that coupling physics and biogeochemistry in the OceMar model would assume a steady state with balanced DIC and nutrients via both physical transport and biological alterations in comparable timescales.
Published: 2014
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37. Impact of the Kuroshio intrusion on the nutrient inventory in the upper northern South China Sea: insights from an isopycnal mixing model

Author: C. Du, Z. Liu, M. Dai, S.-J. Kao, Z. Cao, Y. Zhang, T. Huang, L. Wang, and Y. Li
Subjects: Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Based on four cruises covering a seasonal cycle in 2009–2011, we examined the impact of the Kuroshio intrusion, featured by extremely oligotrophic waters, on the nutrient inventory in the central northern South China Sea (NSCS). The nutrient inventory in the upper 100 m of the water column in the study area ranged from ∼200 to ∼290 mmol m−2 for N + N (nitrate plus nitrite), from ∼13 to ∼24 mmol m−2 for soluble reactive phosphate and from ∼210 to ∼430 mmol m−2 for silicic acid. The nutrient inventory showed a clear seasonal pattern with the highest value appearing in summer, while the N + N inventory in spring and winter had a reduction of ∼13 and ∼30%, respectively, relative to that in summer. To quantify the extent of the Kuroshio intrusion, an isopycnal mixing model was adopted to derive the proportional contribution of water masses from the SCS proper and the Kuroshio along individual isopycnal surfaces. The derived mixing ratio along the isopycnal plane was then employed to predict the genuine gradients of nutrients under the assumption of no biogeochemical alteration. These predicted nutrient concentrations, denoted as Nm, are solely determined by water mass mixing. Results showed that the nutrient inventory in the upper 100 m of the NSCS was overall negatively correlated to the Kuroshio water fraction, suggesting that the Kuroshio intrusion significantly influenced the nutrient distribution in the SCS and its seasonal variation. The difference between the observed nutrient concentrations and their corresponding Nm allowed us to further quantify the nutrient removal/addition associated with the biogeochemical processes on top of the water mass mixing. We revealed that the nutrients in the upper 100 m of the water column had a net consumption in both winter and spring but a net addition in fall.
Published: 2013
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38. POSITIONING BASED ON INTEGRATION OF MUTI-SENSOR SYSTEMS USING KALMAN FILTER AND LEAST SQUARE ADJUSTMENT

Author: M. Omidalizarandi and Z. Cao
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: Sensor fusion is to combine different sensor data from different sources in order to make a more accurate model. In this research, different sensors (Optical Speed Sensor, Bosch Sensor, Odometer, XSENS, Silicon and GPS receiver) have been utilized to obtain different kinds of datasets to implement the multi-sensor system and comparing the accuracy of the each sensor with other sensors. The scope of this research is to estimate the current position and orientation of the Van. The Van's position can also be estimated by integrating its velocity and direction over time. To make these components work, it needs an interface that can bridge each other in a data acquisition module. The interface of this research has been developed based on using Labview software environment. Data have been transferred to PC via A/D convertor (LabJack) and make a connection to PC. In order to synchronize all the sensors, calibration parameters of each sensor is determined in preparatory step. Each sensor delivers result in a sensor specific coordinate system that contains different location on the object, different definition of coordinate axes and different dimensions and units. Different test scenarios (Straight line approach and Circle approach) with different algorithms (Kalman Filter, Least square Adjustment) have been examined and the results of the different approaches are compared together.
Published: 2013
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39. Live Cells Decreased Methane Production in Intestinal Content of Pigs

Author: Y. L. Gong, X. D. Liao, J. B. Liang, M. F. Jahromi, H. Wang, Z. Cao, and Y. B. Wu
Subjects: In Gas Production, Methane, Methanogenic Archaea, Pig, Volatile Fatty Acid, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801
Abstract: An in vitro gas production technique was used in this study to elucidate the effect of two strains of active live yeast on methane (CH4) production in the large intestinal content of pigs to provide an insight to whether active live yeast could suppress CH4 production in the hindgut of pigs. Treatments used in this study include blank (no substrate and no live yeast cells), control (no live yeast cells) and yeast (YST) supplementation groups (supplemented with live yeast cells, YST1 or YST2). The yeast cultures contained 1.8×1010 cells per g, which were added at the rates of 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg per ml of the fermented inoculum. Large intestinal contents were collected from 2 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs, mixed with a phosphate buffer (1:2), and incubated anaerobically at 39°C for 24 h using 500 mg substrate (dry matter (DM) basis). Total gas and CH4 production decreased (p
Published: 2013
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40. The Von Kármán constant retrieved from CASES-97 dataset using a variational method

Author: Y. Zhang, J. Ma, and Z. Cao
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: A variational method is developed to retrieve the von Kármán constant κ from the CASES-97 dataset, collected near Wichita, Kansas, the United States from 6 April to 24 May 1997. In the variational method, a cost function is defined to measure the difference between observed and computed gradients of wind speed, air temperature and specific humidity. An optimal estimated von Kármán constant is obtained by minimizing the cost function through adjusting values of the von Kármán constant. Under neutral stratification, the variational analysis confirms the conventional value of κ (=0.40). For non-neutral stratification, however, κ varies with stability. The computational results show that the κ decreases monotonously from stable to unstable stratification. The variational calculated mean value of the von Kármán constant is 0.383~0.390 when the atmospheric stratification is taken into consideration. Relations between κ and surface momentum and heat flux are also examined.
Published: 2008

41. Calibration of the Air Shower Energy Scale of the Water and Air Cherenkov Techniques in the LHAASO experiment

Author: Aharonian, F., An, Q., Axikegu, Bai, L. X., Bai, Y. X., Bao, Y. W., Bastieri, D., Bi, X. J., Bi, Y. J., Cai, H., Cai, J. T., Cao, Z. Cao Z., Chang, J., Chang, J. F., Chang, X. C., Chen, B. M., Chen, J., Chen, L., Chen, M. J., Chen, M. L., Chen, Q. H., Chen, S. H., Chen, S. Z., Chen, T. L., Chen, X. L., Chen, Y., Cheng, N., Cheng, Y. D., Cui, S. W., Cui, X. H., Cui, Y. D., Dai, B. Z., Dai, H. L., Dai, Z. G., Danzengluobu, della Volpe, D., Piazzoli, B. DEttorre, Dong, X. J., Fan, J. H., Fan, Y. Z., Fan, Z. X., Fang, J., Fang, K., Feng, C. F., Feng, L., Feng, S. H., Feng, Y. L., Gao, B., Gao, C. D., Gao, Q., Gao, W., Ge, M. M., Geng, L. S., Gong, G. H., Gou, Q. B., Gu, M. H., Guo, J. G., Guo, X. L., Guo, Y. Q., Guo, Y. Y., Han, Y. A., He, H. H., He, H. N., He, J. C., He, S. L., He, X. B., He, Y., Heller, M., Hor, Y. K., Hou, C., Hou, X., Hu, H. B., Hu, S., Hu, S. C., Hu, X. J., Huang, D. H., Huang, Q. L., Huang, W. H., Huang, X. T., Huang, Z. C., Ji, F., Ji, X. L., Jia, H. Y., Jiang, K., Jiang, Z. J., Jin, C., Kuleshov, D., Levochkin, K., Li, B. B., Li, C., Li, F., Li, H. B., Li, H. C., Li, H. Y., Li, J., Li, K., Li, W. L., Li, X., Li, X. R., Li, Y., Li, Y. Z., Li, Z., Liang, E. W., Liang, Y. F., Lin, S. J., Liu, B., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, H., Liu, H. D., Liu, J., Liu, J. L., Liu, J. S., Liu, J. Y., Liu, M. Y., Liu, R. Y., Liu, S. M., Liu, W., Liu, Y. N., Liu, Z. X., Long, W. J., Lu, R., Lv, H. K., Ma, B. Q., Ma, L. L., Ma, X. H., Mao, J. R., Masood, A., Mitthumsiri, W., Montaruli, T., Nan, Y. C., Pang, B. Y., Pattarakijwanich, P., Pei, Z. Y., Qi, M. Y., Ruffolo, D., Rulev, V., Saiz, A., Shao, L., Shchegolev, O., Sheng, X. D., Shi, J. R., Song, H. C., Stenkin, Yu. V., Stepanov, V., Sun, Q. N., Sun, X. N., Sun, Z. B., Tam, P. H. T., Tang, Z. B., Tian, W. W., Wang, B. D., Wang, C., Wang, H., Wang, H. G., Wang, J. C., Wang, J. S., Wang, L. P., Wang, L. Y., Wang, R. N., Wang, W., Wang, X. G., Wang, X. J., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y. D., Wang, Y. J., Wang, Y. P., Wang, Z., Wang, Z. H., Wang, Z. X., Wei, D. M., Wei, J. J., Wei, Y. J., Wen, T., Wu, C. Y., Wu, H. R., Wu, S., Wu, X., Wu, X. F., Xi, S. Q., Xia, J., Xia, J. J., Xiang, G. M., Xiao, G., Xiao, H. B., Xin, G. G., Xin, Y. L., Xing, Y., Xu, D. L., Xu, R. X., Xue, L., Yan, D. H., Yang, C. W., Yang, F. F., Yang, J. Y., Yang, L. L., Yang, M. J., Yang, R. Z., Yang, S. B., Yao, Y. H., Yao, Z. G., Ye, Y. M., Yin, L. Q., Yin, N., You, X. H., You, Z. Y., Yu, Y. H., Yuan, Q., Zeng, H. D., Zeng, T. X., Zeng, W., Zeng, Z. K., Zha, M., Zhai, X. X., Zhang, B. B., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, H. Y., Zhang, J. L., Zhang, J. W., Zhang, L., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, P. F., Zhang, P. P., Zhang, R., Zhang, S. R., Zhang, S. S., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. P., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. F., Zhang, Y. L., Zhao, B., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, L. Z., Zhao, S. P., Zheng, F., Zheng, Y., Zhou, B., Zhou, H., Zhou, J. N., Zhou, P., Zhou, R., Zhou, X. X., Zhu, C. G., Zhu, F. R., Zhu, H., Zhu, K. J., and Zuo, X.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Wide Field-of-View Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) and the Water Cherenkov Detector Arrays (WCDA) of LHAASO are designed to work in combination for measuring the energy spectra of various cosmic ray species over a very wide energy range from a few TeV to 10 PeV. The energy calibration of WCDA can be achieved with a proven technique of measuring the westward shift of the Moon shadow of galactic cosmic rays due to the geomagnetic field. This deflection angle $\Delta$ is inversely proportional to the energy of the cosmic rays. The precise measurements of the shifts by WCDA allows us to calibrate its energy scale for energies as high as 35 TeV. The energy scale measured by WCDA can be used to cross calibrate the energy reconstructed by WFCTA, which spans the whole energy range up to 10 PeV. In this work, we will demonstrate the feasibility of the method using the data collected from April 2019 to January 2020 by the WFCTA array and WCDA-1 detector, the first of the three water Cherenkov ponds, already commissioned at LHAASO site.
Published: 2021
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42. Endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke caused by isolated internal carotid artery occlusion: treatment strategies, outcomes, and prognostic factors

Author: H. Ni, C. Zhou, Y. Hang, Z.-Y. Jia, Y.-Z. Cao, H.-B. Shi, S. Liu, and L.-B. Zhao
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine
Published: 2023

43. (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits KDM5 Histone Lysine Demethylases to Drive Transformation in IDH-Mutant Cancers

Author: Kathryn Gunn, Matti Myllykoski, John Z. Cao, Manna Ahmed, Bofu Huang, Betty Rouaisnel, Bill H. Diplas, Michael M. Levitt, Ryan Looper, John G. Doench, Keith L. Ligon, Harley I. Kornblum, Samuel K. McBrayer, Hai Yan, Cihangir Duy, Lucy A. Godley, Peppi Koivunen, and Julie-Aurore Losman
Subjects: Oncology
Abstract: Oncogenic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 occur in a wide range of cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and glioma. Mutant IDH enzymes convert 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) to (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(R)-2HG], an oncometabolite that is hypothesized to promote cellular transformation by dysregulating 2OG-dependent enzymes. The only (R)-2HG target that has been convincingly shown to contribute to transformation by mutant IDH is the myeloid tumor suppressor TET2. However, there is ample evidence to suggest that (R)-2HG has other functionally relevant targets in IDH-mutant cancers. Here, we show that (R)-2HG inhibits KDM5 histone lysine demethylases and that this inhibition contributes to cellular transformation in IDH-mutant AML and IDH-mutant glioma. These studies provide the first evidence of a functional link between dysregulation of histone lysine methylation and transformation in IDH-mutant cancers. Significance: Mutant IDH is known to induce histone hypermethylation. However, it is not known if this hypermethylation is functionally significant or is a bystander effect of (R)-2HG accumulation in IDH-mutant cells. Here, we provide evidence that KDM5 inhibition by (R)-2HG contributes to mutant IDH–mediated transformation in AML and glioma.
Published: 2023

44. Endovascular Recanalization of Symptomatic Chronic ICA Occlusion: Procedural Outcomes and Radiologic Predictors

Author: C. Zhou, Y.-Z. Cao, Z.-Y. Jia, L.-B. Zhao, S.-S. Lu, H.-B. Shi, and S. Liu
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neurology (clinical)
Published: 2023

45. MYCN and HIF-1 directly regulate

Author: Anastasia E, Hains, Sakshi, Uppal, John Z, Cao, Helen R, Salwen, Mark A, Applebaum, Susan L, Cohn, and Lucy A, Godley
Subjects: Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein, Neuroblastoma, Cell Movement, Cell Line, Tumor, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, 5-Methylcytosine, Humans, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, DNA Methylation, Hypoxia, Cell Hypoxia, Mixed Function Oxygenases
Abstract: Ten-Eleven-Translocation 5-methylcytosine dioxygenases 1-3 (TET1-3) convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), using oxygen as a co-substrate. Contrary to expectations, hypoxia induces 5-hmC gains inIn
Published: 2023

46. The rapidly spinning intermediate-mass black hole 3XMM J150052.0+015452

Author: Z Cao, P G Jonker, S Wen, N C Stone, and A I Zabludoff
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: A star tidally disrupted by a black hole can form an accretion disc with a super-Eddington mass accretion rate; the X-ray emission produced by the inner disc provides constraints on the black hole mass $M_\bullet$ and dimensionless spin parameter $a_\bullet$. Previous studies have suggested that the $M_\bullet$ responsible for the tidal disruption event 3XMM J150052.0+015452 (hereafter J150052) is $\sim$10$^{5} M_{\odot}$, in the intermediate black hole (IMBH) regime. Fitting multi-epoch XMM-Newton and Chandra X-ray spectra obtained after 2008 during the source's decade-long decay, with our latest slim accretion disc model gives $M_\bullet = 2.0^{+1.0}_{-0.3}\times10^{5} M_{\odot}$ (at 68% confidence) and $a_\bullet > 0.97$ (a 84.1% confidence lower limit). The spectra obtained between 2008-2014 are significantly harder than those after 2014, an evolution that can be well explained by including the effects of inverse-Comptonisation by a corona on the early-time spectra. The corona is present when the source accretion rate is super-Eddington, while there is no evidence for its effect in data obtained after 2014, when the mass accretion rate is around the Eddington-limit. Based on our spectral study, we infer that the corona is optically thick and warm ($kT_e=2.3^{+2.7}_{-0.8}$ keV). Our mass and spin measurements of J150052 confirm it as an IMBH and point to a rapid, near extremal, spin. These $M_\bullet$ and $a_\bullet$ values rule out both vector bosons and axions of masses $\sim10^{-16}$ eV., 11 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Published: 2022

47. Association between Infarct Location and Hemorrhagic Transformation of Acute Ischemic Stroke following Successful Recanalization after Mechanical Thrombectomy

Author: H. Ni, G.-D. Lu, Y. Hang, Z.-Y. Jia, Y.-Z. Cao, H.-B. Shi, S. Liu, and L.-B. Zhao
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neurology (clinical)
Abstract: The association between infarct location and hemorrhagic transformation of acute ischemic stroke after mechanical thrombectomy is not understood. We aimed to evaluate the association between CTP-based ischemic core variables at admission and hemorrhagic transformation after a successful thrombectomy.We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion between October 2019 and June 2021. We enrolled 146 patients with visible ischemic core on pretreatment CTP who had successful reperfusion. The ischemic core infarct territories were classified into the cortical and subcortical areas and then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by CTP. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to determine the association between ischemic core variables and hemorrhagic transformation.Of the 146 patients analyzed, 72 (49.3%) had hemorrhagic transformation and 23 (15.8%) had symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Multivariate analysis showed that subcortical infarcts were independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation (OR, 8.06; 95% CI, 2.31-28.10;Subcortical infarcts seen on CTP at admission are associated with hemorrhagic transformation in patients after successful thrombectomy, and subcortical infarct volume may influence the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.
Published: 2022

48. Corrigendum to “SIX4 activates Akt and promotes tumor angiogenesis” [Exp Cell Res. 2019 Oct 1; 383 (1):111495]

Author: X, Sun, primary, F, Hu, additional, Z, Hou, additional, Q, Chen, additional, J, Lan, additional, X, Luo, additional, G, Wang, additional, J, Hu, additional, and Z, Cao, additional
Published: 2023
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49. The different brain areas occupied for integrating information of hierarchical linguistic units: a study based on EEG and TMS

Author: Y. Li, Y. Si, C. Chen, X. Huang, Q. Liu, D. Yao, Kimmo Alho, Y. Qiu, X. Zhang, Z. Cao, S. Gao, C. Pei, F. Li, N. Ding, P. Xu, Pei, Changfu, Qiu, Yuan, Li, Fali, Huang, Xunan, Si, Yajing, Li, Yuqin, Zhang, Xiabing, Chen, Chunli, Liu, Qiang, Cao, Zehong, Ding, Nai, Gao, Shan, Alho, Kimmo, Yao, Dezhong, and Xu, Peng
Subjects: Modality (human–computer interaction), Modalities, Chinese, medicine.diagnostic_test, Computer science, Cognitive Neuroscience, CTBS, Information processing, linguistic hierarchy, Experimental Psychology, Electroencephalography, Signal, Linguistics, Comprehension, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, transcranial magnetic stimulation, medicine, EEG, audio-visual integration, Sentence, 1109 Neurosciences, 1701 Psychology, 1702 Cognitive Sciences
Abstract: Human linguistic units are hierarchical, and our brain responds differently when processing linguistic units during sentence comprehension, especially when the modality of the received signal is different (auditory, visual, or audio-visual). However, it is unclear how the brain processes and integrates language information at different linguistic units (words, phrases, and sentences) provided simultaneously in audio and visual modalities. To address the issue, we presented participants with sequences of short Chinese sentences through auditory or visual or combined audio- visual modalities, while electroencephalographic responses were recorded. With a frequency tagging approach, we analyzed the neural representations of basic linguistic units (i.e., characters/monosyllabic words) and higher-level linguistic structures (i.e., phrases and sentences) across the three modalities separately. We found that audio-visual integration occurs at all linguistic units, and the brain areas involved in the integration varied across different linguistic levels. In particular, the integration of sentences activated the local left prefrontal area. Therefore, we used continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to verify that the left prefrontal cortex plays a vital role in the audio-visual integration of sentence information. Our findings suggest the advantage of bimodal language comprehension at hierarchical stages in language-related information processing and provide evidence for the causal role of the left prefrontal regions in processing information of audio-visual sentences.
Published: 2022

50. Supplementary Figure S2 from (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate Inhibits KDM5 Histone Lysine Demethylases to Drive Transformation in IDH-Mutant Cancers

Author: Julie-Aurore Losman, Peppi Koivunen, Lucy A. Godley, Cihangir Duy, Hai Yan, Samuel K. McBrayer, Harley I. Kornblum, Keith L. Ligon, John G. Doench, Ryan Looper, Michael M. Levitt, Bill H. Diplas, Betty Rouaisnel, Bofu Huang, Manna Ahmed, John Z. Cao, Matti Myllykoski, and Kathryn Gunn
Abstract: Inhibition of KDM5 enzymes by the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutarate.
Published: 2023

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