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Consider a ring $R$, which is semiprime and also having $k$-torsion freeness. If $F, d : R\to R$ are two additive maps fulfilling the algebraic identity $$F(x^{n+m})=F(x^m) x^n+ x^m d(x^n)$$ for each $x$ in $R.$ Then $F$ will be a generalized derivation having $d$ as an associated derivation on $R$. On the other hand, in this article, it is also derived that $f$ is a generalized left derivation having a linked left derivation $\delta$ on $R$ if they satisfy the algebraic identity $$f(x^{n+m})=x^n f(x^m)+ x^m \delta(x^n)$$ for each $x$ in $R$ and $k\in \{2, m, n, (n+m-1)!\}$ and at last an application on Banach algebra is presented.

Growing evidences have revealed a positive association between organophosphorus pesticides and diseases like cancer. Located in northern Iran, Mazandaran Province is a region with the overuse of agricultural pesticides. Due to the extensive use of the pesticides like diazinon in rice paddies of Mazandaran for the control of Chilo suppressalis, and high incidence rate of cancer in this province, we analysed and compared diazinon in the serum samples of the breast-cancer patients with the healthy volunteers. This cross-sectional case-control study inludes 10 breast-cancer patients and 10 healthy controls. Diazinon was extracted with a mixture of acetone and diethyl ether (1:1 v/v) in acidic medium and the residue was analyzed by GC-MS instrument. Results showed the presence of 0.151 ppm diazinon in the serum of just one healthy subject. In conclusion, despite excessive use of diazinon in Mazandaran Province, no association was found between serum level of diazinon and the incidence of breast cancer.

Hydrogenation catalyst is of major importance in the production of eco-friendly oxidant hydrogen peroxide. Herein, in this work co-precipitation and an incipient wetness-impregnation method are use...

A spectrum of high-risk leukemias is caused by recurrent chromosomal translocations that result in the expression of fusion proteins. In a recent article in Nature, it has been demonstrated that the oncogenic properties of one such fusion, NUP98–HOXA9, are linked to its ability to self-associate and function through aberrantly phase-separated “onco-condensates.”

SummaryGenomic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) becomes single-stranded (ssDNA) during replication, transcription, and DNA repair. ssDNA is therefore believed to be transient, occurring in only a fraction of the genome at a given time, and variable amongst a population of cells. These transiently formed ssDNA segments can also adopt alternative, dynamic DNA conformations, such as cruciform DNA, triplexes, quadruplexes and others. To determine whether there are stable and conserved regions of ssDNA, we utilized our previously developed method S1-END-seq 1 to convert ssDNA to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which are then processed for high-throughput sequencing. This approach revealed two predominant dynamic DNA structures: cruciform DNA formed by expanded (TA)n repeats that accumulated uniquely in microsatellite unstable human cancer cell lines, and DNA triplexes (H-DNA) formed by homopurine/homopyrimidine (hPu/hPy) mirror repeats common across a variety of human cell lines. Triplex-forming repeats accumulated during replication, blocked DNA synthesis and were hotspots of somatic mutation. In contrast, pathologically expanded (hPu/hPy) repeats in Friedreich’s ataxia patient cells formed a replication-independent and transcription-inducible DNA secondary structure. Our results identify dynamic DNA secondary structures in vivo that contribute to elevated genome instability.

P213 Table 1 CPAP survived CPAP Deceased P value Age 62 77 0.000004* BMI 33 28.7 0.001* CFS 4.3 4.7 1.98 CRP 89 136 0.004* D Dimer 1.7 3.6 0.18 Troponin 325 125 0.19 Time to start RS (days) 2 2.9 0.10 Length of stay(days) 13.4 12.1 0.42 Days on RS (days) 8.4 7.2 1.98 *p < 0.05 = statistically significantDiscussionAge, high CFS, and poor compliance with CPAP is associated with higher mortality in COVID 19 related ARDS. Further studies are needed to assess impact of troponin and D Dimer on COVID related ARDS outcomes.

Milling of soft metals is challenging due to their low strength and high ductility, which causes numerous challenges in terms of poor surface finish, sticking and tool failure. Surface finish is among the most desired feature for a micropart affecting its quality and functional performance. Present study investigated the effect of micro-milling parameters on average surface roughness of high purity aluminium and copper. Rectangular channels were cut in these with the help of WC end-mill cutter. Three-axis vertical CNC milling machine was used, and the milling parameters spindle speed, feed and depth of cut were varied between 4000–7000 rpm, 10–30 mm/min and 10–40 μm. A surface roughness tester with sub-μm order accuracy was used to measure average surface roughness of the two samples. Experiments were designed using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design. S/N quality characteristic, main effects plot, and ANOVA were later used for analysis. Results show that milling parameters optimum for aluminium are not so for copper. The best surface roughness achieved for the two samples is about 0.3 μm for aluminium and 0.1 μm for copper. Finally, second-order regression equations relating roughness to speed, feed and depth of cut are proposed with R-square values more than 98.5%.

Background Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of skeletal muscle and strength, associated with aging, poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, and long-term illness. We sought to evaluate the current evidence on the prevalence of sarcopenia assessed by computed tomography (CT) imaging in patients undergoing lung cancer resection and its predictive value for perioperative and long-term outcomes. Methods We performed a systematic literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database to identify studies that examined CT-assessed muscle mass and outcomes of patients undergoing lung resection. Pooled odds ratio for complications and hazard ratio for survival with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated using the Mantel-Haenszel or inverse variance methods with random effects models. Results Nine observational studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies measured skeletal muscle at the thoracic level (T5, T12, T8) and 5 studies at the lumbar level (L3). The prevalence of sarcopenia by CT skeletal muscle measurements ranged from 22.4% to 55.8%, with an average of 42.8% in 1010 patients. Four of 6 studies that reported perioperative outcomes were included in the meta-analysis, which showed higher risk of perioperative complications for patients with sarcopenia (odds ratio 2.51, 95% CI: 1.55-4.08, P Conclusions Sarcopenia can be frequently detected in patients undergoing lung cancer resection with the use of CT-based muscle measurements. Sarcopenia was associated with greater risk of perioperative complications and worse long-term prognosis.

Deposition of calcium salts or scaling on heat transfer surfaces is a major industrial problem around the globe. Scales get deposited in industrial process equipments severely affecting its life sp...

DNA becomes single stranded (ssDNA) during replication, transcription, and repair. Transiently formed ssDNA segments can adopt alternative conformations, including cruciforms, triplexes, and quadruplexes. To determine whether there are stable regions of ssDNA in the human genome, we utilized S1-END-seq to convert ssDNA regions to DNA double-strand breaks, which were then processed for high-throughput sequencing. This approach revealed two predominant non-B DNA structures: cruciform DNA formed by expanded (TA)

Caffeine is one of the world's most consumed drugs. According to the Washington Post (2015), two billion cups of coffee are consumed per day worldwide. Caffeine is classified as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and an organic molecule called methylxanthine. Caffeine has three notable mechanisms of action on the CNS that produce a psychostimulant effect. These effects are responsible for the effect that caffeine has on cognitive function. The effects of caffeine consumption on cognitive function have been demonstrated across several studies involving humans and animals. With the immense number of people consuming caffeine around the world, it is of vital importance to study the effects that this drug has on people's cognitive function. This literature review provides useful insights on this question through the analysis of caffeine's effects on cognitive function, along with information on caffeine's three modes of action. The findings of recent studies show mixed results regarding the effects of caffeine on mood, attention, processing speed, and memory. Current research suggests that if caffeine does have an effect on mood, the most significant changes may be anxiety. Studies did not support caffeine as having any significant effect on attention, but that it did play a role in enhancing processing speed. The majority of the studies reviewed suggest caffeine as having a significant positive effect on both short and long-term memory in adults and the elderly. Current findings warrant continued research on the association of caffeine and the resultant effects on cognitive function.

We report a unique presentation of isolated congenital cleft mitral valve complicating cardiogenic shock from acute myocardial infarction. Isolated cleft mitral valve is an uncommon diagnosis that can have significant clinical implications, especially if not recognized in patients presenting to the catheterization lab with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. A review of this rare diagnosis including the options and timing of therapeutic interventions, which can include MitraClip, is important for publication.The case is of a patient who presented with an anterior acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Despite early coronary revascularization and conventional support, refractory cardiogenic shock ensued requiring mechanical circulatory support escalation to Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Subsequently, left ventriculography revealed a massively dilated left atrium and severe mitral regurgitation raising concerns for a mechanical mitral valve complication. The patient was taken to the operating room for possible mitral valve surgery, but a preoperative transesophageal echocardiogram revealed an isolated posterior cleft mitral valve. Since the patient had stabilized on mechanical circulatory support, emergent surgery was deferred. The patient successfully recovered during index hospitalization with mechanical circulatory support and discharged on guideline directed medical therapy.In conclusion, isolated cleft mitral valve is a rare diagnosis that can often be underrecognized without comprehensive 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography evaluation. If diagnosed early with significant regurgitation, surgical treatment results in good outcomes and preservation of LV systolic function. Percutaneous correction of a CMVL with MitraClip has been described and may offer an alternative approach for high risk surgical patients.

We present experimental demonstration of laser speckle intensity based methods to follow the drying process of white adhesive. Results obtained using graphical methods such as temporal LASCA, GD, Fujii and parameterized Fujii as well as numerical methods of Inertia moment and temporal correlation show that qualitative and quantitative evaluation of spatial temporal speckle activities can be used to monitor drying process of adhesives. Statistical Tukey’s test for the mean values of inertia moments at 5% significance level allowed differentiating different stages of drying.

In their quest to disable androgen receptor variants that drive castration-resistant prostate cancer, Richters et al. (2020) have hit upon a selective inhibitor of a transcriptional kinase that enables full-length mRNA synthesis. Drugging this essential kinase curbs tumor growth, thus making it an attractive focal target for transcription therapy.

Reproductive attributes, expression of TRAP6 and TGF-β mRNA in the mucosa of the utero-vaginal junction (UVJ) of oviduct, and liver function were evaluated in Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) breeders subjected to long-term oral administration of fish oil (FO) and/or calcitriol (CT). A total of forty-eight 1.5-year-old laying Chukar partridges and 16 age-matched males (female:male ratio of 3:1) were randomly allocated to four groups (4 replicates of 3 female birds and one male bird each). Breeder females in groups 1, 2, and 3 were orally administered daily with 0.2 mL (0.24 g)/500 g body weight FO, 0.2 mL solution containing 10 μg CT, or their combination (FO + CT) for 42 successive days, respectively. Pure crystalline calcitriol was dissolved in ethanol (30%) prior to administration. The control group (CON), received a similar volume of a 30% solution of ethanol only. Eggs were collected and incubated to evaluate the reproductive performance. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 21, and 42 of the trial for the quantification of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). On day 43, one bird per replicate was killed by cervical dislocation to assess the expression of TRAP6 and TGF-β genes in the UVJ mucosa. Administration of CT or FO + CT increased the egg production rate, fertility rate, and hatchability rate of the set eggs. Fertility duration and sperm penetration rate were higher in partridges receiving FO and (or) CT, but chick quality, and embryonic mortality were not affected by the treatment effect. Administration of CT or FO + CT decreased the serum ALT and AST levels. Administration of FO or CT was associated with a lower expression of TGF-β mRNA in the UVJ mucosa. Oral administration of FO resulted in a reduction in the expression of TRAP6 in the UVJ mucosa. However, the birds fed with CT or FO + CT recorded a higher mRNA expression for TRAP6. Although the reproductive performance and TRAP6 expression were higher following the feeding of FO or FO + CT, expression of TGF-β was decreased, suggesting plausibly that TGF-β may not have a determinant effect on the reproductive attributes in female Chukar partridges. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of TRAP6 and TGF-β on other reproductive criteria in partridges.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family are a significant threat to public health, posing a challenge for health authorities worldwide. In the UAE, very little information is available about ESBL producing bacteria from non-clinical sources. In this study, 206 pure cultures belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated from food and wastewater sources in Dubai, UAE. All the isolates were tested against third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics by the disc diffusion method and screened on ESBL chromogenic agar. Among all isolates (n = 86), 41.7% were potential ESBL producers belonging to E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Shigella, and Citrobacter (KESC group), and Proteus. Of all the potential ESBL producing isolates, 19 (22%) were confirmed as ESBL producers by a double-disc diffusion test with the fourth generation cephalosporin&ndash, Cefpirome. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of ESBL bla genes in the screened isolates. Out of a total of 86 isolates, 52.3% possessed only the blaTEM gene, 39.5% contained both blaTEM and blaSHV genes, while only 3.5% contained the blaCTX-M gene. The carbapenemase resistance test showed eight isolates resistant to imipenem, and only one isolate with metallo-beta-lactamase activity. This study highlights the occurrence of ESBL bla genes among non-clinical isolates from food and wastewater sources in the UAE and emphasizes the importance of food and wastewater surveillance programs in controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Background: Being an added high-risk group, ophthalmic HCP are actively providing emergency eye care services, also enthusiastically participating in prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among ophthalmic HCP towards COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the period of lockdown among ophthalmic HCP including consultant ophthalmologist, resident, optometrist, ophthalmic assistant, nursing staff, and other paramedics of eye care centers in Nepal. The KAP questionnaire was designed and distributed online. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and binary logistic regression. All tests were performed at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value

1. Decreased semen quality is an underlying contributor to age-related subfertility in broiler breeder roosters. This study investigated the effects of dietary curcumin (derived from turmeric) supplementation as an antioxidant source on semen quality and fertility in broiler breeder roosters. 2. Twenty-eight Ross 308 roosters were randomly allotted to four groups with seven birds in each and were fed a standard diet supplemented with different levels of curcumin at 0 (C

Lipid metabolism, especially in the white adipose tissue as an active metabolic organ, is tightly regulated by the key transcription factors, such as the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). We have studied the expression of these genes in the white adipose tissue to see how a high fat diet (HFD) and two intensities of aerobic training change the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways. 44 male Wistar rats randomly divided into the normal (12% calories from fat) and HFD (56% calories from fat) groups. Each group included control (n=6), moderate trained (n=8, ~65% Vo2max) and high intensity trained (n=8, ~75% Vo2max) rats. After 8 weeks of training, the weight changes, plasma insulin and lipid profile levels and the relative gene expression of SREBP-1c and FXR in the adipose tissue was measured. Data were analysed by 2-way ANOVA (P

Mortality in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is believed to be principally due to the subgroup of PEs that are massive. Systemic thrombolysis is the therapeutic mainstay for acute massive PE, despite evidence suggesting limited survival benefits. Both catheter-based therapies (CBT) and surgical pulmonary embolectomy (SE) are well-accepted alternatives to treat acute PE. However, the comparative effectiveness of these approaches is difficult to study. We conducted a systematic review of CBT and SE for acute PE.The PubMed database was queried for CBT- and SE-related publications between January 1998 and June 2017. A minimum of 10 patients undergoing intervention(s) was required for inclusion, and studies must not have excluded patients with massive PE. End points examined included hospital mortality, and additionally for CBT, procedural success rate.A total of 75 studies (41 of CBT, 34 of SE) were identified, with 1650 patients undergoing CBT and 1101 undergoing SE. Patients undergoing SE were more critically ill than those undergoing CBT (massive PE, 545 out of 975 [55.9%] for SE vs 742 out of 1553 [47.8%] for CBT). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was required in 217 out of 1015 patients undergoing SE (21.4%) versus 38 out of 983 patients undergoing CBT (4.0%). The hospital mortality of SE was 14.0%, versus 5.6% for CBT, in the entire patient group. However, the hospital mortality of SE in patients with pre-SE CPR was 46.3%, whereas it was 6.8% in those patients without pre-SE CPR. Although CPR was associated with an increased risk of mortality both for CBT and SE, it accounted for all of the mortality effect on SE (the adjusted odds ratio for CPR in a random effects model with treatment considered was 9.79 (95% confidence interval, 4.98-19.17; P .0001). The adjusted odds ratio for mortality for SE relative to CBT was 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-2.32; P = .84). Moreover, CBT was associated with a procedural failure rate of 8.3%.Both CBT and SE were associated with satisfactory published outcomes. SE is associated with greater absolute postprocedure mortality than CBT, but has been undertaken in more critically ill populations. The markedly higher incidence of CPR in SE accounts for the differential mortality between the patients undergoing SE and those undergoing CBT. Decision making with respect to best therapy must take into account potential needs for periprocedure artificial mechanical right ventricle and lung support, institutional experience and outcomes, anticipated therapeutic efficacy and benefit, and approach-specific risks.

Phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) governs stage-specific interactions with different cellular machines. The CTD consists of Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7 heptad repeats, and sequential phosphorylations of Ser7, Ser5 and Ser2 occur universally across Pol II-transcribed genes. Phosphorylation of Thr4, however, appears to selectively modulate transcription of specific classes of genes. Here, we identify 10 new Thr4 kinases from different kinase structural groups. Irreversible chemical inhibition of the most active Thr4 kinase, Hrr25, reveals a novel role for this kinase in transcription termination of specific class of noncoding snoRNA genes. Genome-wide profiles of Hrr25 reveal a selective enrichment at 3ʹ regions of noncoding genes that display termination defects. Importantly, phospho-Thr4 marks placed by Hrr25 are recognized by Rtt103, a key component of the termination machinery. Our results suggest that these uncommon CTD kinases selectively place phospho-Thr4 marks to regulate expression of targeted genes.

Spatial and temporal expression of genes is essential for maintaining phenotype integrity. Transcription factors (TFs) modulate expression patterns by binding to specific DNA sequences in the genome. Along with the core binding motif, the flanking sequence context can play a role in DNA–TF recognition. Here, we employ high-throughput in vitro and in silico analyses to understand the influence of sequences flanking the cognate sites in binding of three most prevalent eukaryotic TF families (zinc finger, homeodomain and bZIP). In vitro binding preferences of each TF toward the entire DNA sequence space were correlated with a wide range of DNA structural parameters, including DNA flexibility. Results demonstrate that conformational plasticity of flanking regions modulates binding affinity of certain TF families. DNA duplex stability and minor groove width also play an important role in DNA–TF recognition but differ in how exactly they influence the binding in each specific case. Our analyses further reveal that the structural features of preferred flanking sequences are not universal, as similar DNA-binding folds can employ distinct DNA recognition modes.

A hypothesis was tested that long-term administration of thyroxine (T4) in broiler breeder hens would affect fertility, sperm penetration rate, and the duration of fertility. Relative abundance of oviductal TGF-β4 and HSP70 mRNA was determined to ascertain whether T4 treatment affected these genes, and modulated the sustained storage of spermatozoa within the uterovaginal sperm storage tubules of hens. A total of 70, 47-week-old Cobb 500 breeder hens was randomly allotted to two treatment groups (T4 treatment (ET) and control). The T4 was orally administered to the ET group (0.3 mg T4/bird/day) for 100 consecutive days; whereas the control group was not administered T4 during the experimental period. Breeder hens were artificially inseminated to evaluate specific reproductive variables. On the last day of the treatment period two hens /replicate were randomly killed to estimate oviductal gene expression. The T4 treatment resulted in an increase in plasma concentration of T4; however, the T3 concentration was not affected. The long term administration of T4 had no effect on fertility; however, it resulted in a decreased sperm penetration rate and decreased the duration of fertility compared with the control group. The relative abundance of TGF-β4 and HSP70 mRNA in the SST was not influenced by T4 supplementation. The correlation coefficients between fertility and sperm penetration rate with relative abundance of TGF-β4 and HSP70 were not significant. Overall, among the diverse reproductive variable assessed in the current study, the sperm penetration rate and the duration of fertility were most responsive to long-term treatment with T4.