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海分枝杆菌是一种少见的非典型分枝杆菌，易从皮肤破损处侵入人体而导致感染，主要引起皮肤软组织和手部慢性感染。本文报告1例因“鱼翅刺伤后致右手反复感染不愈2年余”的患者，入院后明确诊断为海分枝杆菌感染并启动规范抗感染治疗，患者右手感染得到有效控制。报道该病例，旨在提高公众对海分枝杆菌感染的认识及引起足够重视。.

沙门菌属是肠杆菌科中最复杂的菌属。目前全球已分离出2 600多个血清型，其中200多个血清型对人体有致病性。沙门菌属根据临床表型分为伤寒沙门菌和非伤寒沙门菌，主要通过污染的食物及水源感染而致病。感染沙门菌的多数患者表现为急性胃肠炎，病程大多自限。少部分患者出现肠道外播散性感染，表现为菌血症与继发的迁徙病灶（如骨髓、关节、心瓣膜、动脉等）；这类患者往往存在基础疾病，感染后临床表现多不典型，早期确诊率低，治疗效果欠佳，疾病总体预后差，病死率高。因此，临床医生应高度重视沙门菌菌血症及其播散性感染。.

When MgZnO serves as the shell to passivate a ZnO nanowire, the proportion of Mg is usually small to avoid the unexpected spectrum from the wurtzite to rock salt transformation. Using the effective mass approximation, we investigate the impact of a mixed-phase MgxZn1−xO shell on the optical absorption spectra in ZnO nanowires. The results show that the dual absorption peaks from the coexisting two sets of band offset tend to appear as an intrinsic line broadening. This is because the spacing of dual peaks is small and even less than the full width at half maximum to be distinguished. The dual peaks get closer by increasing x or core size since the energy levels become less insensitive to the difference of the potentials. Enhanced confinement of an electron from higher x and smaller core size induces not only a blueshift and a slower saturation but also a sharper peak. The above two aspects make the dual peaks appear always as a broadening in inter-band V1–C1 transitions, while only appear as a broadening in inter-subband C1–C2 transitions when the core radius gets larger than the critical value for a certain x. The broadening from the mixed-phase MgZnO-coated ZnO nanowire could be restricted by increasing the core size or the proportion of Mg in the shell.

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic perennial plant of the family Nelumbonaceae, distributed in subtropical and temperate regions, also extensively planted as an ornamental flower. Furthermore, the rhizome is used as a vegetable and the roots and seeds in herbal medicine in China. In September 2018, some lotus leaves were found to be infected with a powdery mildew in a pond in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. In the surveyed pond, from late September to mid-November, the disease incidence varied from 10 to 70%, and some leaves were almost completely covered with powdery mildew and turned brown and scorched. In several lotus ponds not far away from the surveyed one, a few powdery mildew–affected leaves were also found. Small colonies of powdery mildew were dispersed on the upper sides of the leaves, and the adjacent colonies coalesced over several days. Some chasmothecia were formed on the lesions in the middle of November. The voucher specimens are deposited in the Qingdao Agricultural University Herbarium (HMQAUPM18001). Superficial hyphae were hyaline, branched, and septate, 4.5 to 6.0 μm wide, with thin and smooth walls. Hyphal appressoria were 4.7 to 6.7 μm diameter, nipple shaped to lobed, mostly single, rarely in opposite pairs. Conidiophores were straight, 74.3 to 98.5 × 7.8 to 9.8 μm, and composed of three to four cells; foot cells were cylindrical, usually straight, occasionally somewhat curved to sinuous, 38.2 to 57.5 × 6.9 to 8.5 μm. Conidia were formed singly, ellipsoid-ovoid, subcylindrical to almost cylindrical, 35.2 to 41.2 × 17.2 to 19.2 μm, and showed a wrinkling pattern of the outer walls. Germ tubes were produced in perihilar position. Chasmothecia were scattered to gregarious, 102.2 to 129.8 μm in diameter; peridium cells were irregularly polygonal, 13.0 to 19.1 μm in diameter; appendages arising from the lower half were mycelioid, unbranched or occasionally with short lateral branchlets, 0.5 to 4 times as long as the chasmothecial diameter, brown at the base and becoming paler toward the apex. Asci were ellipsoid to obovoid, short-stalked, 62.0 to 70.9 × 39.8 to 46.4 μm, wall 1.9 to 2.9 μm thick, two- to eight-spored. Ascospores were ellipsoidal, 23.5 to 27.6 × 13.8 to 15.6 μm, colorless. The morphological characteristics were consistent with previous records of Erysiphe takamatsui (Braun and Cook 2012; Meeboon and Takamatsu 2015). To confirm the identification based on morphological traits, a molecular examination of the isolate HMQAUPM18001 was confirmed by sequence analyses of the rDNA spanning ITS1, 5.8S gene, ITS2 and the 28S rRNA gene using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and NL1/NLP2 (Hirose et al. 2005; Mori et al. 2000), respectively. ITS and 28S sequences of HMQAUPM18001 have been deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers MK478870 and MK583929, respectively. BLAST analysis of the ITS (641 bp) and 28S (720 bp) segments both showed 100% homology with the ITS sequence of E. takamatsui strain TNS: F-52102 (GenBank accession no. AB916688) and 28S sequence of E. takamatsui strain MUMH 5399 (GenBank accession no. AB916690), respectively. Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation tests by pressing a diseased leaf onto young leaves of three healthy lotus plants. Three noninoculated plants were used as controls. Inoculated plants developed symptoms after 8 days, whereas the control plants remained symptomless. The fungus present on the inoculated plants was morphologically identical to that originally observed on diseased plants, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Therefore, the pathogen on lotus was confirmed to be E. takamatsui. To our knowledge, this is the first discovery of E. takamatsui, hitherto only known from Japan, on lotus in the Chinese mainland (Farr and Rossman 2019). This is the second discovery of the sexual stage of E. takamatsui in the world, which is important to note because it has substantial implications on pathogen survival and diversity. Because this lotus powdery mildew may cause losses of ornamental value, as well as the quality as foodstuff and for medicine purposes, control measures such as improving air and light conditions, removing heavily infected leaves, and preinfection applying of sulfur agents should be considered.

Within the framework of dielectric continuum and Loudon’s uniaxial crystal models, the transfer matrix method (TMM) is developed to investigate interface optical phonons (IOPs) in cylindrical wurtzite core-multishell nanowires (CMSNWs) consisting of ternary mixed crystals (TMCs). The IOPs in GaN/InxGa1-xN/InyGa1-yN and GaN/InxGa1-xN/InyGa1-yN/InzGa1-zN CMSNWs are calculated as examples. The results show that there may be several types of IOPs existing in certain frequency regions in CMSNWs for a given component due to the phonon dispersion anisotropy in wurtzite nitrides. The IOPs are classified by possible combinations of the interfaces in CMSNWs. Furthermore, the dispersion relations and electro-static potentials of each kind of IOPs are discussed in detail. The dispersion relations of IOPs in CMSNWs is found to be the combination of that in each nearest two layer CSNW. It can explain the fact that the total branch number of IOPs obey the 2n rule. It is also found that the peak positions of electro-static potentials are decided by the layer component order from the inner layer to outside in CMSNWs. The results indicate that TMM for IOPs is available and can be commodiously extended to other cylindrical wurtzite III-nitride CMSNWs. Based on this method, one can further discuss the IOPs related photoelectric properties in nitride CMSNWs consisting of TMCs.

Dry socket is one of the most frequent complications after teeth extraction,especially in impacted mandibular third molars.The etilogy and prevention is not clear.This study id based on principles of clinical epidemiology.Randomized double-blind method was carried out in 549 patients to test the value of the prophylactic use of Hydroxyapatite,to test the value of the prophylactic use of Hydroxyapatite and Metronidazole,placed in the sockets of extracted impacted mandibular third molars.The results of the incidence of DS was 7.1% of Metronidazole treated sockets,and 2.1% of Hydroxyapatite treated sockets,It is concluded that Hydroxyapatite is an effective preventive factor for dry socket,The possible mechanism of Hydroxyapatite and the dry socket etiology were discussed.

Twenty patients of cholelithiasis underwent intraoperative transcystic duct fiberendoscopy in whom choledochotomy was otherwise indicated. Among them choledocholithotomy was done endoscopically in three patients and auxiliary choledocho-cystic junction incision was obligatory for easy insertion of the fiberscope in six. No T-tube was needed after the procedure and the postoperative recovery was uneventful in all cases.

Mg2+ is known to be a potent inhibitor of F1 ATPases from various sources. Such inhibition requires the presence of a tightly bound ADP at a catalytic site. Results with the spinach chloroplast F1 ATPase (CF1) show that the time delays of up to 1 min or more in the induction or the relief of the inhibition are best explained by a slow binding and slow release of Mg2+ rather than by slow enzyme conformational changes. CF1 is known to have multiple Mg2+ binding sites with Kd values in the micromolar range. The inhibitory Mg2+ and ADP can bind independently to CF1. When Mg2+ and ATP are added to the uninhibited enzyme, a relatively fast rate of hydrolysis attained soon after the addition is followed by a much slower steady-state rate. The inhibited steady-state rate results from a slowly attained equilibrium of binding of medium Mg2+. The Kd for the binding of the inhibitory Mg2+ is in the range of 1-8 microM, in the presence or absence of added ATP, as based on the extent of rate inhibition induced by Mg2+. Assessments from 18O exchange experiments show that the binding of Mg2+ is accompanied by a relatively rapid change to an enzyme form that is incapable of hydrolyzing MgATP. When ATP is added to the Mg2+- and ADP-inhibited enzyme, the resulting reactivation can be explained by MgATP binding to an alternate catalytic site which results in a displacement of the tightly bound ADP after a slow release of Mg2+. Both an increase in temperature (to 50 degrees C) and the presence of activating anions such as bicarbonate or sulfite reduce the extent of the Mg2+ inhibition markedly. The activating anions may bind to CF1 in place of Pi near the ADP. Whether the inhibitory Mg2+ binds at catalytic or noncatalytic nucleotide binding sites or at another location is not known. The Mg2(+)- and ADP-induced inhibition appears to be a general property of F1 ATPases, which show considerable differences in affinity for ADP, Mg2+, and Pi. These differences may reflect physiological control functions.

Previous investigations on the distribution of [18O]Pi isotopomers formed by hydrolysis of [gamma-18O]ATP by the chloroplast F1-ATPase (CF1) showed that a single reaction pathway is used by all participating sites and that the pathway is modulated by ATP concentration as expected for cooperative interactions between catalytic sites. Such oxygen exchange measurements have been applied to CF1 modified at a single catalytic or noncatalytic site by 2-azido adenine nucleotides. When less than one catalytic or one noncatalytic site per enzyme is modified, hydrolysis occurs in part by the pathway of the unmodified enzyme plus at least one additional pathway at 200 microM and two additional pathways at 4 microM [gamma-18O]ATP. Thus, three sites are potentially catalytically active. The two new pathways shown by the derivatized enzyme logically can arise from nonidentical interactions of the remaining two underivatized beta subunits with the derivatized beta subunit. Reversals of bound ATP cleavage before Pi is released are increased, and the amount of product formed by the new pathways is changed when the ATP concentration is lowered. These modulations must result from the behavior of two remaining active catalytic sites rather than of one catalytic and one regulatory site. When the CF1 is derivatized more extensively, the original catalytic pathway is lost, and two catalytic pathways that do not show modulation by ATP concentration are found. The remaining beta subunits now have weak but independent catalytic capacity. In addition, the enzyme is no longer activated by Ca2+, loses MgGTPase activity, and is much less sensitive to azide.

When heat-activated F1-ATPase from chloroplasts was repeatedly exposed to Mg2+ and 2-azido-ATP, followed by separation from medium nucleotides and photolysis, a total of two sites per enzyme, both catalytic and noncatalytic, were labeled. In a coupled assay with pyruvate kinase about half the activity was lost when one site per enzyme was modified. However, increased modification resulted in no further loss of activity. In contrast, methanol-sulfite activation of the enzyme showed a loss of most of the catalytic capacity when one site per enzyme was modified. Predominant labeling of either one catalytic or one noncatalytic site caused a loss of most of the activity in either assay. An indication that the enzyme modified at one site retained some catalytic activity was verified by measurement of the [18O]Pi species formed when [gamma-18O]ATP was hydrolyzed by partially derivatized enzyme. With either catalytic or noncatalytic site modification, the distributions of [18O]Pi species formed showed that the modified enzyme had different catalytic characteristics. An interpretation is that with modification by azido nucleotides at either catalytic or noncatalytic sites, capacity for rapid catalysis is largely lost but the remaining sites retain weak modified catalytic properties.