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The tea geometrid Ectropis grisescens is an important pest of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). It feeds on the new leaves and tender stems of tea plants, causing serious damage. The green leaf volatile (Z)-3-hexenol (z3HOL) can effectively activate the defense of tea against E. grisescens in the laboratory. In this study, z3HOL was confirmed to activate the tea mitogen-activated protein kinase and jasmonic acid (JA) burst in the laboratory. We investigated effects of z3HOL on the defense responses of tea plants under field conditions. Our results showed that tea plants exposed to z3HOL showed higher levels of JA and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and emitted increased quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared to non-exposed plants. Less E. grisescens larvae were observed in z3HOL-treated plots and less damage was found in z3HOL-treated plants than control. The number of Apanteles sp. and the parasitism of E. grisescens were also enhanced by z3HOL. These findings indicate that synthetic z3HOL can triggers tea defense responses against E. grisescens in the field, and that it could be used as a chemical elicitor to enhance biological control of tea geometrid in the future.

为进一步提高中国儿童咳嗽病因诊断与治疗水平，促进儿科临床实践标准化，由中华医学会儿科学分会临床药理学组、国家儿童健康与疾病国家临床医学研究中心和推荐分级的评估、制订与评价（GRADE）中国中心联合发起，共同制订“中国儿童咳嗽诊断与治疗临床实践指南（2021版）”。指南制订委员会将按照循证临床实践指南制订的方法与步骤，组建多学科团队，采用GRADE方法，制订基于循证证据的儿童咳嗽诊断与治疗指南。计划书主要报告制订该指南的意义、目的、指南制订委员会成员、临床问题收集与优选、证据获取、评价和综合以及推荐意见的产生等。.

This study aimed at comparing the factors associated with the natural progression between typical progressors (TPs) and rapid progressors (RPs) in HIV-infected individuals. A retrospective study was conducted on 2095 eligible HIV-infected individuals from 1995 to 2016 in a high-risk area of Henan Province, China. Propensity score matching was used to balance covariates, and the conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors of natural disease progression among HIV infectors. A total of 379 pairs of RPs and TPs were matched. The standardised difference values of all covariates were less than 10%. HIV-infected individuals transmitted through sexual transmission (odds ratio (OR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.36–0.85) were more likely to progress to AIDS compared with those infected through contaminated blood. Older age at diagnosis of HIV-infected individuals (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.89) exhibited a faster progression to AIDS. HIV-infected individuals identified through a unique survey (OR 7.01, 95% CI 2.99–16.44) were less likely to progress to AIDS compared with those identified through medical institutions. HIV-infected individuals who had higher baseline CD4+T cell counts (OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.59–4.38) had a slower progression to AIDS. These findings provide evidence for natural disease progression from HIV to AIDS between TPs and RPs.

Study on rock avalanche kinematics is still a hotspot in the world, especially after the Wenchuan earthquake. To examine this mechanism further, some rock avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake are taken as objects in this paper. After a detailed field investigation of the vertical profiles revealed by "natural longitudinal trenches" formed in the rock avalanche deposits, an obvious vertical gradation along their sliding paths is observed, and proposed to be divided into five zones from the top to the bottom and named as follows: the air-blast zone, the bouncing and jumping zone, the sliding and deposit zone, the basal travel zone, and the original accumulation zone. Based on the characteristics of these zones, the formation of each zone is discussed in detail with corresponding conclusions proposed: (1) The air-blast zone, as the upper boundary of the area damaged by rock avalanches, is destroyed by wind gusts initiated by a large rapidly moving mass. (2) The bouncing and jumping zone, mainly characterized by the display of accumulated fine grains and isolated blocks, is produced by the co-work of escaping force of entrapped air and debris internal force. (3) The coupling effect of kinematic sieving and momentum transfer is the main reason for the formation of sliding and deposit zone. (4) Debris in basal travel zone goes through a complex dynamical process: collision, dilation, fragmentation, rotation and sliding, and compaction. In this process, both the overburden pressure and the self-excited vibration energized by the undulated slip surface are the main dynamical forces controlling the formation of basal travel zone. And the simple shear and pure shear modes are the main mechanical behaviors, which realize the formation of particle fragmentation, a binary mixture with coarse particles embedded in clay matrix, and alignment distribution of particles in basal travel zone.

A new one-dimensional mathematical model to simulate the complex coupled heat and moisture transfer in porous polymer materials is presented. The new model takes into account effects of multiple involved processes such as radiation and conduction heat transfer, liquid capillary action, moisture sorption, and condensation. The technique of volume of fraction (VOF) is used to model the dynamic distribution of moisture in different phases, that is, vapor and liquid. The finite volume method (FVM) is used to develop the numerical computational scheme to solve the model. The temperature change on the fabric surface derived from the computational results of the model is compared with experimental measurements with reasonable agreement between the two. Further numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the complex interactions and coupling effects among the various heat and moisture-transfer processes involved. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 2780–2790, 2003

A mathematical simulation carried out to study the physical mechanisms of moisture diffusion into hygroscopic fabrics during humidity transients is reported. On the basis of a mathematical model de...

GD-I porcine bioprosthetic valve replacement were performed in 15 cases from Jul. 1978 to Nov. 1982. Pathology: RHD 11, CHD 4, 13 with MVR, 1 AVR, 1 TVR. One patient died during operation (operative mortality 6.7%). 13 cases were followed up for 3-10 years: in the early years the symptoms and cardiac function were greatly improved and the size reduced. However dysfunction of bioprosthetic valve was detected 2-8 years after operation in 12 patients (19.37%/patient year). The main cause of damage and dysfunction of porcine valve is calcification of the leaflet. As compared with the adult group(dysfunction rate 3.6%/patient year) in this institute, more calcification of the porcine valve in children is considered because of: (1) stronger metabolism of calcium in children, (2) less mobility of the leaflet due to lower cardiac output in children, and (3) stronger immunoreaction to porcine valve in children.

From March 1965 through August 1991, 703 patients with secondary atrial septal defect were treated surgically in our hospital. Among them, 32 cases (4.6%) were associated with mitral valve disease. The mitral valve lesion was repaired at the same time of closure of the atrial septal defect. The operative mortality was 6.3% and there was no late death. Follow-up study showed that heart function of the patients was improved obviously and most of them have resumed work or study. The clinical features, incidence, etiology, pathology and surgical techniques of secondary atrial septal defect associated with mitral valve disease were discussed.

A high current O+ ion source is desirable for applications to SIMOX and materials modification. To meet the requirements of this field, a new type of nonfilament high current O+ ion source has been developed successfully in our institute. Using O2 as discharge material, the typical extraction characteristics are as follows: The total oxygen ions current is 100 mA, of which the content of O+ is 80%, beam current density is larger than 200 mA/cm2 when the power consumption is 100 W; therefore the economic property is 1 mA/W. Feeding N2, the total extraction beam current is 100 mA of which 70% is N+ while the power consumption is 135 W.

Cooperative binding of myosin S-1.ADP to regulated F-actin was previously reported and has been interpreted by a two-state model in which an important source of cooperativity is nearest neighbor interactions between the 7-actin.tropomyosin (TM).troponin units (functional units) (Hill, T.L., Eisenberg, E., and Greene, L. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 3186-3190). It has been postulated that the head-to-tail overlap between adjacent TM molecules is the structural basis of the nearest neighbor interactions. We tested the hypothesis by examining S-1.ADP binding to reconstituted regulated F-actin containing either intact TM or nonpolymerizable TM from which the COOH-terminal 11 residues were removed. In the absence of Ca2+, substitution of nonpolymerizable TM for TM reduced significantly the slope of the steeply rising phase of the sigmoidal S-1.ADP binding curve. Nevertheless, considerable residual cooperativity remained. Analysis of the data using the two-state model of Hill et al. suggests that removal of TM overlap abolishes nearest neighbor interactions, while the concerted change of the state of 7 actins in a functional unit can account for the residual cooperativity.