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In the single-degenerate scenario of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), the interaction between high-speed ejected material and the donor star in a binary system is expected to lead to mass being stripped from the donor. A series of multi-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of ejecta-donor interaction have been performed in previous studies most of which adopt either a simplified analytical model or the W7 model to represent a normal SN Ia explosion. Whether different explosion mechanisms can significantly affect the results of ejecta-donor interaction is still unclear. In this work, we simulate hydrodynamical ejecta interactions with a main-sequence (MS) donor star in two dimensions for two near-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion models of SNe Ia, the W7 and N100 models. We find that about 0.30 and 0.37 Msun of hydrogen-rich material are stripped from a 2.5 Msun donor star in a 2 day orbit by the SN Ia explosion in simulations with the W7 deflagration and N100 delayed-detonation explosion model, respectively. The donor star receives a kick of about 74 and 86 km/s, respectively, in each case. The modal velocity, about 500 km/s, of stripped hydrogen-rich material in the N100 model is faster than the W7 model, with modal velocity of about 350km/s, by a factor 1.4. Based on our results, we conclude that the choice of near-Chandrasekhar-mass explosion model for normal SNe Ia seems to not significantly alter the ejecta-donor interaction for a given main-sequence donor model, at least in 2D., 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS

With the rapid changes in lifestyle, natural and social environment, the reproductive health status of couples in childbearing age continues to decline, and long-term outcomes of the rapidly increasing offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) needs to be evaluated urgently. Therefore, the focus of research now needs to be extended from death and severe diseases to full life cycle and full disease spectrum. In order to meet the demand for such research, we launched the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC) study, an ongoing prospective and longitudinal study aiming to recruit 30 000 families underwent ART and 30 000 families with spontaneous pregnancies. Long-term follow-up programs will be conducted for both spouses and their offspring. Data of couples and their offspring, such as environmental exposure, reproductive history, psychological and behavioral status, will be collected during follow-up. Peripheral blood, urine, umbilical blood, follicular fluid, semen were also collected at different follow-up nodes. Based on high-quality data and biological samples, CNBC will play an extremely important supporting role and have a far-reaching impact on maternal and children's health care and reproductive health in China. This paper is exactly a brief introduction to the construction and basic design of CNBC.随着生活行为方式、自然和社会环境的急剧变化，育龄人口生殖健康状况持续下降，快速增加的由辅助生殖技术（ART）孕育的子代的远期健康状况亟待评估。因此，妇幼保健和生殖健康相关研究关注的重点亟需从妊娠期、围产期的死亡和严重疾病表型逐渐向全生命周期和全疾病谱拓展。为了满足这样的研究需求，在我国12个省（自治区、直辖市）启动了中国国家出生队列（China National Birth Cohort）建设，计划以家庭为单位，招募3万个自然妊娠家庭和3万个ART家庭的人群，并对夫妻双方以及孕育的子代开展长期随访，收集夫妻和子代的环境暴露、生殖生育、精神心理、行为习惯等多方面暴露数据。同时采集外周血、尿液、脐血、卵泡液和精浆、精子等多种类型的生物样本。该出生队列对于我国妇幼健康和生殖医学研究具有极其重要支撑作用和深远影响。本文即是对国家出生队列的建设概况和基本设计做简要介绍。.

The structure and magnetic properties of LaFe11.6Si1.4/Ce40Co60 bulk composites prepared by hot pressing sintering (HPS), followed by high-temperature diffusion annealing, were investigated. During the HPS process, the La(Fe,Si)13 alloy powder particles combined with Ce40Co60 binder and a porous structure with high mechanical strength were obtained. The addition of Ce40Co60 can also promote the peritectic reaction. Annealing has important effects on the magnetocaloric properties due to the diffusion of Ce and Co into the La(Fe,Si)13 phase during annealing. HPS samples were annealed at 1373 K for 24 h, and a table-like magnetocaloric effect, exhibiting a constant high magnetic entropy change (− ∆SM) of ~ 4.0 J/(kg K) in a commercially useful temperature region of 28 K (236–264 K), was obtained for a field change of 2 T. The values of full width at half maximum of (− ∆SM)–T plots (ΔTFWHM) and enhanced refrigeration capacity for the composites are 55 K and 173 J/kg, respectively, for a field change of 2 T. The composites exhibit high compressive strength of up to 312 MPa. The present results indicate that LaFe11.6Si1.4/Ce40Co60 bulk composites can meet the requirement of near room temperature magnetic refrigeration based on the Ericsson cycle.

WSL8 encoding a deoxyribonucleoside kinase (dNK) that catalyzes the first step in the salvage pathway of nucleotide synthesis plays an important role in early chloroplast development in rice. The chloroplast is an organelle that converts light energy into chemical energy; therefore, the normal differentiation and development of chloroplast are pivotal for plant survival. Deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNKs) play an important role in the salvage pathway of nucleotides. However, the relationship between dNKs and chloroplast development remains elusive. Here, we identified a white stripe leaf 8 (wsl8) mutant that exhibited a white stripe leaf phenotype at seedling stage (before the four-leaf stage). The mutant showed a significantly lower chlorophyll content and defective chloroplast morphology, whereas higher reactive oxygen species than the wild type. As the leaf developed, the chlorotic mutant plants gradually turned green, accompanied by the restoration in chlorophyll accumulation and chloroplast ultrastructure. Map-based cloning revealed that WSL8 encodes a dNK on chromosome 5. Compared with the wild type, a C-to-G single base substitution occurred in the wsl8 mutant, which caused a missense mutation (Leu 349 Val) and significantly reduced dNK enzyme activity. A subcellular localization experiment showed the WSL8 protein was targeted in the chloroplast and its transcripts were expressed in various tissues, with more abundance in young leaves and nodes. Ribosome and RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that some components and genes related to ribosome biosynthesis were down-regulated in the mutant. An exogenous feeding experiment suggested that the WSL8 performed the enzymic activity of thymidine kinase, especially functioning in the salvage synthesis of thymidine monophosphate. Our results highlight that the salvage pathway mediated by the dNK is essential for early chloroplast development in rice.

Sofosbuvir has ushered in a new era of hepatitis C treatment with its strong inhibition on the replication of hepatitis C virus, favorable safety profile and less interactions with other drugs. Sofosbuvir-based regimens have been included as the first-line therapies for the treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in international guidelines. Available clinical trial data show that sofosbuvir with ribavirin and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir are highly efficacious and safe in CHC patients aged 3-17 years old; therefore, they can meet the unmet medical needs of adolescents and children with CHC in China. Furthermore, the pan-genotypic sofosbuvir/velpatasvir is being investigated in adolescents and children with CHC, which is expected to make the treatment in such patients more convenient upon approval.直接抗病毒药物索磷布韦抑制丙型肝炎病毒能力强、安全性良好，且与其他药物的相互作用较少，开创了丙型肝炎治疗的新时代，以索磷布韦为基础的方案已成为国际指南中治疗成人慢性丙型肝炎的推荐方案。现有临床试验数据表明，索磷布韦联合利巴韦林、来迪派韦索磷布韦在3～17岁的慢性丙型肝炎患者中疗效高、安全性好，因此将能够满足中国未成年慢性丙型肝炎患者亟待解决的医疗需求。泛基因型方案索磷布韦维帕他韦于未成年患者中正在进行临床试验，该方案一旦获批准，将为儿童及青少年患者的丙型肝炎治疗带来更多便利。.

Chronic or recurring subileus condition arising from several tiny intestinal fibrous strictures and several shallow ulcers of the small intestines characterizes cryptogenic multifocal ulcerative stenotic enteritis, an exceedingly uncommon disorder characterized by chronic or relapsing enteritis (asymptomatic at times). It is uncertain as the cause and the pathology is not fully understood. Glucocorticosteroids are recommended for long-term therapy. However, most individuals end up becoming dependent on corticosteroids by increasing the ability to conduct accurate diagnostic work and the capacity to do an endoscopic therapy for an obstruction, deep enteroscopy may eliminate the necessity for surgery and save patients excessive small bowel resections. Whether the onset of cryptogenic multifocal ulcerative stenotic enteritis in this patient is related to thrombotic microangiopathy is still unclear and it is more likely to consider secondary changes in this disease. Although it’s an uncommon disorder, we recommend that cryptogenic multifocal ulcerative stenotic enteritis (chronic or relapsing subileus episodes resulting from numerous small intestinal strictures) should be taken into consideration when chronic or recurrent subileus episodes develop from several shallow ulcers of the small intestines. Endoscopic therapy of stenosis, if effective, can avoid surgery and unnecessary small bowel resections.

The plastic deformation during flash-butt welding (FBW) and its effects on weld quality are investigated by using numerical and experimental methods. The electro-thermo-mechanical coupling model of FBW is validated by comparing the calculated temperature and plastic deformation to measured one, obtaining reasonable agreement. The calculation results reveal that a thin liquid metal film forms at the contact interface during accelerating flash stage to provide temperature conditions for upsetting. The length of liquid metal (including burning and expelled losses) is 29.7 mm for one piece pipeline tube under the given condition. The stress and strain at contact surface are both almost zero at the initial stage of upsetting due to the thin liquid metal film existing at the contact interface, and they rapidly increase to 58.0 MPa and 17.7, respectively, while the liquid metal are excluded from the contact interface between two tubes to be welded. The maximum plastic deformation is 18.1 mm at the given condition under the action of upsetting force. The experimental results illustrate that the microstructure of X65 FBW joints consists of massive ferrite, grain boundary pre-eutectic ferrite, pearlite, and widmannstatten, while the microstructure in heat-affected zone is fine ferrite and pearlite. The coarse grain size and gray spots in the butt joint severely decrease the tension strength and impact toughness.

To detect differentially expressed micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR), and to explore the influence of miR-19a on MIR rats and its mechanism.Firstly, the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to prepare MIR models, RNAs were extracted, and miRNA sequencing analysis was carried out to determine differentially expressed miRNAs related to MIR. Secondly, the predicted target genes of miR-19a were collected, and WebGestalt was applied to analyze gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment. Thirdly, the expression of the related proteins and the apoptosis of myocardial cells in MIR rats were detected via Western blotting. Fourthly, the interaction between miR-19a and the target gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was examined through Luciferase reporter assay.Compared with that in the Sham operation (Sham) group, the miR-19a expression in rat myocardial tissues in the MIR group was significantly increased (p0.05). Compared with those in the miR-negative control (miR-NC) group, the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of PTEN in the miR-19a group were notably decreased (p0.05). In comparison with the miR-NC group, miR-19a group had elevated expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) (p0.05). The Luciferase reporter gene assay manifested the direct binding of miR-19a to PTEN mRNA.MiR-19a inhibits the PTEN expression by directly binding to the 3'-UTR of PTEN mRNA, thus activating the Akt/p-Akt signaling pathway to suppress the apoptosis of myocardial cells in MIR injury.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of ZSP1603 as a novel anti-fibrotic compound.The unilateral left pulmonary fibrosis model was established in the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The bilateral pulmonary fibrosis model was established in the C57BL/6J mice. The therapeutic treatment regimen began after the induction of pulmonary fibrosis. The preventive treatment regimen began on the first day of bleomycin administration. Animals were randomly divided into the sham, model, Nintedanib, and ZSP1603 treatment groups. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to evaluate pulmonary injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Western blot were used to investigate the effects and mechanisms of ZSP1603 on the proliferation of primary human pulmonary fibroblasts (pHPFs). The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), and collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) in pHPFs was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).ZSP1603 inhibited the proliferation of pHPFs in vitro by blocking the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGF-Rβ) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathway. ZSP1603 also inhibited the differentiation of pHPFs by reducing the expression of TGF-β1, TIMP-1, and COL1A1. ZSP1603 significantly attenuated pulmonary injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in vivo in four independent animal studies of pulmonary fibrosis.ZSP1603 is an effective anti-fibrotic compound with clear mechanisms.

Stokes polarimeters and scanning slit optical beam profilers are used to measure the polarization properties and optical spot intensities of a laser beam, which go through the micromodulator by the $Z$ -scanning method. The polarization properties of a $S$ -polarized and a $P$ -polarized light are researched. The optical intensities of laser beam are obtained for $S$ -polarized light by the $Z$ -scanning method. The results show that the groove films can affect the polarization properties of the $P$ -polarized light but do not change the polarization properties of the $S$ -polarized light. The optical spot intensity of $S$ -polarized light can be changed with the help of groove films as the scattering effect.

Various minimally invasive approaches have been described for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. This article describes a modified minimal-access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy (MARPN) procedure assisted by gas insufflation.This retrospective, observational study documented patients who had undergone a step-up MARPN between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2016. A minimum follow-up of 1 year was required for inclusion. The step-up approach involved percutaneous catheter drainage followed by the modified MARPN and necrosectomy. If more than one access site was needed it was categorized as complex MARPN.Of 212 patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis, 164 (77·4 per cent) underwent a step-up approach. The median number of percutaneous catheter drains and MARPN procedures was 3 (range 1-7) and 1 (1-6) respectively. Ninety patients (54·9 per cent) underwent complex MARPN. For residual necrosis after MARPN, three patients (1·8 per cent) underwent sinus tract gastroscopy, and 11 (6·7 per cent) had sinography combined with a tube change. However, operations in 13 patients (7·9 per cent) required conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications developed in 103 patients (62·8 per cent). The mortality rate was 6·1 per cent (10 deaths).A step-up approach using a modified MARPN for infected necrotizing pancreatitis is a reasonable option.Los procedimientos mínimamente invasivos se han convertido en los más frecuentes para el tratamiento de necrosis pancreáticas infectadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue presentar un procedimiento de necrosectomía pancreática retroperitoneal de acceso mínimo (minimal-access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy, MARPN) modificado y asistido mediante insuflación de gases, así como evaluar su seguridad y eficacia. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo y observacional de los datos de un hospital desde el 1 de enero de 2010 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2016. Se incluyeron en el análisis todos los pacientes en los que realizó un abordaje por etapas, que consistía en el drenaje percutáneo mediante la colocación de un catéter seguido de un procedimiento MARPN modificado, en los que se dispusiese de un seguimiento postoperatorio mínimo de 1 año. El MARPN en el lado derecho y la necrosectomía realizada a través de más de un acceso se clasificaron como MARPN complejo. Se evaluaron los resultados radiológicos y quirúrgicos.De 212 pacientes con necrosis pancreática infectada, en 164 (77,4%) se realizó un abordaje por etapas. La mediana del número de drenajes percutáneos y procedimientos MARPN fue 3 (rango, 1-7) y 1 (rango, 1-6), respectivamente. En 90 pacientes (54,9%) se realizó un MARPN complejo. Para la exéresis de necrosis residual después de un MARPN, en 3 pacientes (1,8%) se realizó mediante gastroscopia y en 11 pacientes (6,7%) con un recambio de drenaje bajo control radiológico. En 13 pacientes (7,9%) fue necesaria la reconversión a cirugía abierta. Hubo complicaciones postoperatorias en 103 pacientes (62,8%). La tasa de mortalidad fue del 6,1% (n = 10). CONCLUSIÓN: El abordaje por etapas con un MARPN modificado es seguro y efectivo en el tratamiento de la necrosis pancreática infectada.

A 56-year-old female was admitted to the Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital with complaint of recurrent fever and acute lumbar pain. Fever was complicated with malaise, cough and occasional blood-streaked sputum. Lab tests showed elevated white blood cell count, increased serum creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Other lab findings included severe anemia, hematuria, and proteinuria. Immunological examinations were positive for antinuclear antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and antiglomerular basement membrane antibody. Ultrasonography and CT scan detected a huge spontaneous perirenal hematoma at right side. Angiography revealed multiple microaneurysms on bilateral renal arteries and branches. A diagnosis of systemic vasculitis was suggested. Under the combination therapy of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, the patient presented sustained remission for one year. This case indicates that prompt and sufficient treatment of primary disease is essential to a promising outcome.患者女性，56岁。因反复发热，右侧腰痛收入北京协和医院风湿免疫科。发热伴乏力、咳嗽、偶咳血丝痰。腰痛起病急，双侧肾区叩痛阳性。白细胞16.5×10(9)/L，血红蛋白47 g/L，尿潜血和尿蛋白阳性，肌酐进行性升高至547 μmol/L，红细胞沉降率119 mm/1h，超敏C反应蛋白126.49 ng/ml，抗核抗体、抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体、抗肾小球基底膜抗体阳性。腹盆CT提示右侧肾周血肿。血管造影明确双肾动脉及其分支多发小动脉瘤，诊断系统性血管炎。静脉输注甲泼尼龙80 mg、每12小时1次×5 d，序贯静脉输注甲泼尼龙80 mg、每日1次×14 d治疗；同时静脉输注环磷酰胺0.2 g、每周2次。患者病情稳定，随诊1年无复发。早期诊断、早期干预、积极治疗原发病有助于改善患者预后。.

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal is widely used in the manufacture of electro-optic components. However, the residues such as polishing liquid, abrasives and chips on KDP crystal surface influence severely the surface quality. In this study, the low-pressure liquid jet and air jet are used to clean the residues on KDP crystal surface. The residue absorption mechanisms are studied. The polishing liquid is measured by the infrared spectrometer (VECTOR22) to be butoxydiglycol (C8H18O3). The cleaning solvents are determined based on the property of the polishing liquid. The cleaning system of low-pressure liquid jet and air jet is set up. Some cleaning experiments are carried out to testify the cleaning equipment. The results show that the 2D morphology that most particles are removed, and the 3D shape of the KDP crystal is improved greatly after cleaning. The cleaning technology is proved to be feasible for KDP crystal.

Analyzing archival data from different telescopes, H2O megamaser Seyfert 2s appeared to exhibit higher nuclear radio luminosities than non-masing Seyfert 2s (Zhang et al. 2012). This has been confirmed by our follow-up study on multi-band (11, 6, 3.6, 2, 1.3 cm) radio properties of maser host Seyfert 2s, through systematic Effelsberg observations (Liu et al. 2017). The nuclear radio luminosity was supposed to be a suitable indicator to guide future AGN maser searches. Thus we performed a pilot survey with the Effelsberg telescope on H2O maser emission toward a small sample of radio-bright Seyfert 2 galaxies with relatively higher redshift (>0.04). Our pilot survey led to one new megamaser source and one additional possible detection, which reflects our success in selecting H2O megamaser candidates compared to previous observations (higher detection rate, larger distance). Our successful selection technique choosing Seyfert 2s with radio-bright nuclei may provide good guiding for future H2O megamaser surveys. Therefore we are conducting a large systematic survey toward a big Seyfert 2 sample with such radio-bright nuclei. Detections of luminous H2O masers at large distance (z>0.04) may hold the great potential to increase our knowledge on the central highly obscured but still very enigmatic regions of active Seyfert galaxies (Zhang et al. 2017)., 4 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 336: Astrophysical Masers: Unlocking the Mysteries of the Universe

The unavailability of sufficient data at higher elevations causes many uncertainties in research on cold regions. This study considers a cryosphere-hydrology observation system established in 2008 at the Hulu small alpine watershed in the Qilian Mountains of Northwest China. The altitudinal gradient of weather factors is analyzed using data from the Hulu watershed and routine stations located in the Heihe upstream. The data presented here provide the following knowledge of mountain meteorology at elevations from 3367 m to 4166 m/4248 m in the Qilian Mountains: (1) the yearly precipitation—altitude relationship is linear in regions below 4248 m in the Heihe upstream, where the precipitation gradient increased marginally from 1960 to 2011; (2) the yearly air temperature lapse rate (TLR) is weaker at higher elevations (>3000 m), and the seasonal TLR became more divergent between winter and summer half-years from 1960 to 2011 (yearly mean 5.6 °C km-1); (3) in the Hulu watershed, the LRs of water vapo...

Chemosensory membrane proteins, including odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), gustatory receptors (GRs) and sensory neurone membrane proteins (SNMPs), are supposed to be crucial macromolecules in the insect olfactory signal transduction pathway. The alfalfa plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is highly attracted to high-nitrogen or flowering plants and destroys many important agricultural crops. We assembled the antennal transcriptome of A. lineolatus using Illumina sequencing technology and identified a total of 108 transcripts encoding chemosensory membrane proteins (88 ORs, 12 IRs, four GRs and four SNMPs), amongst which 90 candidates appeared to be full length. Subsequently, both semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR and quantitative real-time PCR experiments were performed to investigate their tissue- and sex-biased expression profiles. The results showed that nearly all of the 108 candidate chemosensory membrane protein genes were largely expressed in adult antennae, and some genes additionally displayed significant differences in the expression levels between sexes. The results of our phylogenetic analysis and the detailed tissue- and sex-biased expression characteristics given here provide an important foundation for further understanding of the complex chemoreception system of the alfalfa plant bug and other Hemiptera species, which also could help us use chemosensory membrane proteins as targets to manipulate insect olfactory behaviour and broaden the applications of available tools for insect pest control.