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7岁患儿以左眼结膜出血、凝血因子减少及血小板减少为首发表现，影像检查发现颅面、肺间质和脾脏受侵犯，因不能手术未获标本进行病理检查。丙种球蛋白、糖皮质激素等治疗无效，西罗莫司初始治疗有部分效果但后续又加重，改用曲美替尼治疗后病情缓解。外周血循环肿瘤细胞DNA检测发现NRAS 基因c.182AG（p.Q61R）突变，确诊为卡波西样淋巴管瘤病。口服曲美替尼治疗11个月，左眼结膜出血未再反复，脾脏缩小，肺间质病变逐渐好转。.

High-energy ball milling (HEBM) combined with powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced 7055Al composites. Two powder morphology evolution processes (HEBM-1 and HEBM-2) were designed to investigate the dispersion and damage of CNTs during HEBM process. HEBM-1 evolution process involved powder flattening, cold-welding and fracture, while HEBM-2 evolution process consisted of powder flattening and fracture. For HEBM-1, the repetitive fracture and cold-welding process was effective for dispersing CNTs. However, the powder flattening process in HEBM-2 was unsuccessful in dispersing CNTs due to two reasons: (1) the thickness of flaky Al powders exceeded the critical value, and (2) the clustered CNTs embedded in flaky Al powders could not be unravelled. Because of the broadening of D band and the appearance of a new defect-related D’ band, product of ID/IG and full width half maximum of D band, rather than ID/IG, was used to evaluate the actual damage of CNTs. It indicates that the damage of CNTs was severe in powder flattening and fracture stages, while the damage of CNTs was small in powder cold-welding stage.

Gastrointestinal cancer peritoneal metastasis(GICPM) is one of the biggest challenges of clinical treatment. The ultimate solution to the problem requires the clinicians to accurately understand cytologic and molecular pathological mechanisms behind GICPM, and apply such knowledge in the clinical decision-making process for diagnosis and treatment of individual patient, so as to realize "prevention" and "treatment" proactively. The core cytopathological mechanisms behind GICPM, which are closely related to clinical treatment decisions, are as follows: (1) free cancer cells or clusters in peritoneal cavity colonize the peritoneum, resulting in irreversible pathological damage to peritoneal mesothelial cells; (2) the colonized cancer cells further invade the specific structure of the peritoneal milky spots and initiate an accelerated invasive growth process; (3) the process of peritoneal interstitial fibrosis aggravates the structural destruction of the peritoneum; (4) the interaction between cancer cells and immune cells in the milk spots forms a permissive immune microenvironment that promotes the growth of peritoneal metastatic cancer. These four core cytopathological mechanisms are mutually causal and promote each other, forming a vicious circle of GICPM development. As long as clinicians accurately understand these four points, it is possible to grasp the opportunity of clinical diagnosis and treatment, change reactive and passive treatment into preventive and proactive treatment, and improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment landscape of GICPM.胃肠道癌腹膜转移是目前临床治疗的最大难题，解决该难题的根本之道在于临床医生准确把握胃肠道癌腹膜转移的核心细胞病理学机制，基本掌握分子病理学机制，并融会贯通地运用到每一例患者诊治的临床决策过程中，做到"防""治"并举，积极预防、主动治疗。与临床治疗决策密切相关的胃肠道癌腹膜转移的核心细胞病理学机制有4点：（1）腹腔游离癌细胞或微癌灶定植于腹膜，对腹膜间皮细胞造成不可逆病理性损害；（2）定植的癌细胞进一步侵袭腹膜特定结构乳斑，启动加速侵袭性生长过程；（3）腹膜间质纤维化过程加重腹膜的结构性破坏；（4）癌细胞与乳斑中免疫细胞的相互作用，形成促进腹膜转移癌生长的容受性免疫微环境。这4条核心细胞病理学机制互为因果，相互促进，构成腹膜转移发展的恶性循环。临床医生只要准确把握这4点，就有可能掌握临床诊治决策先机，将应对性被动治疗变为预防性主动治疗，改善胃肠道癌腹膜转移临床诊治现状。.

NUT癌是以染色体15q14上睾丸基因核蛋白（NUTM1）重排为特征的一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，其发病机制及治疗方法目前尚不明确。上海长征医院医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治了1例发生于鼻腔的NUT癌患者，为28岁男性，其鼻腔肿瘤发展迅速，并有上颌窦骨质破坏。初次活检病理诊断为非角化未分化癌，进一步手术治疗后，经荧光标记的原位杂交技术证实为NUT癌。本文结合文献回顾报告了鼻腔NUT癌这一少见实体瘤的临床、病理特征及治疗策略。.

Exfoliation corrosion susceptibility under tensile-bending stress of 7075-T6 aluminium alloy was tested with a self-made tri-fulcrums loading fixture. The test results of both microscopic characterisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicate that the alloy's exfoliation corrosion susceptibility in exfoliation corrosion solution increases evidently for tensile-bending stress. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the loaded sample soaked for 12 hours manifests double capacitance arcs as the mark of propagated exfoliation corrosion, which takes 24 hours for the unloaded one to reach the same results. Results analysed by equivalent circuit model also prove the accelerating effect of tensile-bending stress on exfoliation corrosion susceptibility.

The fixed grid finite element method is introduced to approximate the effective moduli of particulate composite. The difficulty of domain discretization induced by the inclusions is avoided in the fixed grid finite element method, as the discretization is independent of the inclusions. The elastic properties of every finite element are approximated by a weighted function, and the volume fractions of the constituents in the element are taken as the weights. A simple scheme is proposed to approximate the volume fractions in every element. The validities of the fixed grid finite element method are verified, by comparing the effective moduli obtained from the fixed grid finite element method with those obtained from finite element method. The anisotropy of particulate composite is discussed with the fixed grid finite element, and the applicability of the fixed grid finite element method for composite with multiple irregular inclusions is illustrated.

Based on Peng's method (1988), we obtain scaleheights of 486 southern spiral galaxies, the images of which are taken from the Digitized Sky Survey at Xinglong Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The fitted spiral arms of 70 galaxies are compared with their images to get their optimum inclinations. The scaleheights of other 416 ones are listed in Table A1 in Appendix. After compiling and analyzing the data, we find some statistical correlations. The most interesting results are that a flatter galaxy is bluer and looks brighter, and galaxies become flatter along the Hubble sequence Sab – Scd.

Pneumonia in children is common and can lead to grave consequences if not addressed in a proper and timely manner. In the management of pneumonia, early identification of the causative infective agent is of obvious importance for treatment, as it allows selection of the appropriate antibiotics. However, such identification requires laboratory test results, which may not be immediately available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of 13 markers in differentiating between viral and bacterial pneumonia in Han children (34 healthy controls and 78 patients). It was found that WBC counts were more accurate in diagnosis of the type of agent responsible for infection than was the degree of expression of HMGB1. Among the 13 markers investigated, HMGB1 was the best at discriminating between co-infected (bacterium and virus) and single-infected (bacterium or virus) children with bronchial pneumonia. HMGB1 expression of less than 1.0256, excluded most co-infections (the negative predictive value was greater than 89.7%). Diagnosed sole viral pneumonia clinically overlapped with bacterial pneumonia, but bacterial pneumonia was more often associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (WBC ≥ 13,000 cells/mm(3)). When the two marker readouts--HMGB11.0256 and WBC ≥ 13,000 cells/mm(3)--were combined, the positive predictive value for bacterial pneumonia alone was 92.3%. These findings can help clinicians discriminate between bronchial pneumonia caused by virus, bacterium or both with a high specificity.

A wideband double-Brillouin-frequency spaced multiwavelength Brillouin?erbium fiber laser (MWBEFL) with 110 nm tuning range is demonstrated. The fiber laser utilizes simple compound-ring cavity structures which confine the odd-order Brillouin?Stokes (BS) signals within the right ring and couple out the initial Brillouin pump signal (BP) and even-order BS signals to generate a 0.176?nm spacing multiwavelength. A wavelength-?and bandwidth-tunable optical band-pass filter (TBF) is used to manipulate the location of self-lasing cavity and to get a wideband tuning range. All the generated output channels exhibit good stability.