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Laser surface melting (LSM) was applied on a cast Ni–Al bronze (NAB), which was a crucial material for marine ship propellers. A 720 μm-thick LSM layer with fine equiaxed and dendritic microstructures was obtained. After immersion for 30 days, the corrosion rate of cast NAB was reduced by 25% after LSM. Preferential corrosion occurred and deep corrosion pits appeared at α + κIII microstructure for the cast NAB. LSM NAB underwent general corrosion, and a much more protective film formed on the surface because of the homogenized microstructure. The mass loss of the cast NAB was approximately 2.1 times larger than that of LSM NAB after cavitation erosion (CE) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 5 h. For the two materials, the mechanical impact effect was dominantly responsible for CE damage. Therefore, the improved hardness and homogenized microstructure contributed to the improved CE resistance of LSM NAB. CE destructed the film, shifted the open circuit potential toward a more negative value, and raised the current density by an order of magnitude. Corrosion at the cast eutectoid microstructure and the dendrites of LSM NAB facilitates the degradation under the cavitation attack. CE-corrosion synergy was largely caused by corrosion-enhanced-CE.

The number of patients suffering from both dry eye and mental disorders (especially anxiety and depression) has risen rapidly in ophthalmic clinics. However, the mental disorders related dry eye has not received enough attention. At present, it lacks related information of basic data, and there is no standard for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. To this end, this article aims to determine the role of mental factors in the pathogenesis of dry eye, to strengthen the relevant basic and clinical research, to standardize its clinical diagnosis and treatment, and thus to promote the prevention and treatment of the mental disorder related dry eye in China.眼科门诊中，同时罹患干眼和精神障碍（尤其是焦虑、抑郁）的患者逐年增加，但是精神障碍相关性干眼并未得到足够的关注，目前仍然缺乏相关的基础数据和临床诊疗标准。本文以精神障碍相关性干眼的临床诊疗和基础研究现状为背景，从目前临床上关于精神障碍相关性干眼亟待解决的主要问题入手，明确要重视精神因素在干眼发病过程中的作用，提出大力加强精神障碍相关性干眼的基础和临床研究，制定临床诊疗规范，以期提高我国精神障碍相关性干眼的临床诊疗水平。.

The cosmic electron energy spectrum recently observed by the DAMPE experiment exhibits two interesting features, including a break around 0.9 TeV and a sharp resonance near 1.4 TeV. In this analysis, we propose a dark matter explanation to both exotic features seen by DAMPE. In our model, dark matter annihilates in the galaxy via two different channels that lead to both a narrow resonance spectrum near 1.4 TeV and electron excess events over an extended energy range thus generating the break structure around TeV. The two annihilation channels are mediated by two gauge bosons that interact both with dark matter and with the standard model fermions. Dark matter annihilations through the s-channel process mediated by the heavier boson produce monoenergetic electron-positron pairs leading to the resonance excess. The lighter boson has a mass smaller than the dark matter such that they can be on-shell produced in dark matter annihilations in the galaxy; the lighter bosons in the final state subsequently decay to generate the extended excess events due to the smeared electron energy spectrum in this process. We further analyze constraints from various experiments, including HESS, Fermi, AMS, and LHC, to the parameter space of the model where both excess events can be accounted for. In order to interpret the two new features in the DAMPE data, dark matter annihilation cross sections in the current galaxy are typically much larger than the canonical thermal cross section needed for the correct dark matter relic abundance. This discrepancy, however, is remedied by the nonperturbative Sommerfeld enhancement because of the existence of a lighter mediator in the model., Comment: 23 pages, 21 figures

Dry eye is the most common chronic eye disease other than refractive errors. The expert consensus on dry eye has guiding significance in standardizing as well as improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of dry eye in our country. The development of dry eye consensus needs to be rigorous, while its operability should be the key in clinics. In the routine clinical work, doctors should pay full attention to the guidelines of dry eye consensus, follow the advice in reason, correctly apply new technologies and new methods, and avoid improper applications. On this basis, we also encourage to continue innovations and explorations, which will eventually improve the clinical and research levels of dry eye in China.干眼是除了屈光不正以外最常见的眼科慢性疾病，干眼共识在规范干眼临床工作中具有特殊的价值，能够整体提升干眼临床诊疗水平。共识的严谨制定是基础，但科学合理应用也十分重要。低年资以及基层医院的眼科医师在干眼的常规临床工作中要充分重视干眼共识的规范作用，在诊疗过程尽量遵循共识的建议，合理应用新技术、新仪器，尤其要避免新技术与仪器的滥用。并在遵循共识的基础上不断创新，发明更多新的诊疗方法与技术，不断提高我国干眼的临床水平。

Dry eye is the most common ocular surface disease, the core pathogenesis of which is ocular surface inflammation. Anti-inflammation is one of the important clinical treatments of dry eye. Since the definitely immunosuppressive effect, topical ophthalmic cyclosporine A (CsA) has been used in dry eye for many years. A large number of studies have been published in recent years, including its therapeutic effects, indications and applications. This article will introduce the mechanism of ophthalmic CsA, summarize its clinical treatment effects in dry eyes of different countries, different causes, and different severity. Meanwhile we will analyze the pros and cons and the applied prospects of ophthalmic CsA with various forms, and generalize the indications, treatment suggestions and safety of CsA used in dry eye, in order to provide references for the clinical applications.干眼是最常见的眼表疾病，眼表炎性反应是其核心发病机制，抑制炎性反应是干眼临床治疗的重要方法之一。由于环孢素A具有确定的免疫抑制作用，其局部制剂环孢素A滴眼液已应用于干眼多年，关于其治疗效果、适应证、应用方法等问题一直受到此领域的高度关注，近年来更是发表了大量的研究成果。本文将介绍环孢素A滴眼液的作用机制，对其在不同国家与地区、不同病因及不同严重程度干眼中的临床治疗效果进行总结，分析目前环孢素A各类眼用剂型的利弊及应用前景，概括其治疗干眼的适应证、治疗方案及安全性，以期为环孢素A的临床应用提供参考。

The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between rs8069115, rs41289087, and rs11079042 polymorphisms of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).A total of 200 patients diagnosed with COPD were enrolled in the disease group. Meanwhile, 200 normal subjects were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood was collected from subjects in the disease group and control group. Subsequently, nucleated cells were isolated for determination of STAT3 gene polymorphisms. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) was utilized to detect the expression level of STAT3. Samples from 12 patients with differences in STAT3 haplotypes and 12 cases with no difference were collected and treated with transcriptome sequencing to analyze pathways enriched with differentially expressed genes.There were statistically significant differences in allele distributions at rs8069115 between the disease group and control group (p=0.000), and the allele frequency of G was higher in disease group. Genotype distributions of rs8069115 (p=0.000) and rs41289087 (p=0.000) of the STAT3 gene in disease group were significantly different in comparison with the control group. The frequency of rs8069115 GG genotype was remarkably higher, while the frequency of rs41289087 TG genotype was lower in the disease group (p0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, the distributions of the dominant model (p=0.002) and recessive model (p=0.004) of rs8069115 of the STAT3 gene were markedly different in the disease group. A significantly higher frequency of dominant model GG+GA and lower frequency of recessive model GA+AA were observed at rs8069115 in the disease group (p0.05). Moreover, the haplotype distributions of AGC (p=0.002), ATC (p=0.001), GTA (p=0.010), and GTC (p=0.035) at rs8069115, rs41289087, and rs11079042 were different between the disease group and control group. Besides, rs8069115 locus and rs11079042 locus were linked to each other (D'=0.523). There was a remarkable association between rs11079042 polymorphism of the STAT3 gene and gene expression (p0.05). STAT3 was highly expressed in patients with genotype CC (p0.05). Furthermore, changes in transcriptome levels among different haplotype populations (haplotype with different distributions vs. haplotype with no difference in distribution) were analyzed. The results demonstrated that multiple pathways, such as ECM-receptor interactions, cell cycle checkpoints, and protein processing were notably enriched (p0.05).According to our results, we confirmed that the polymorphisms (rs8069115, rs41289087, and rs11079042) of STAT3 gene are noticeably correlated with the occurrence and progression of COPD.

目的 探讨多发性骨髓瘤患者血清载脂蛋白A1水平的变化及其临床意义。 方法 统计412例多发性骨髓瘤患者的临床资料，以93名健康体检者为正常对照，使用SPSS 22.0进行数据分析。相关分析采用线性相关或Spearman秩相关系数。分析数据采用t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验或单因素方差分析。采用ROC曲线计算分界值，并与Kaplan-Meier生存分析进行比较。 结果 骨髓瘤组载脂蛋白A1水平低于正常对照组（0.89 g/L对1.24 g/L，P

非运动症状（NMS）是影响帕金森病（PD）患者生活质量的重要因素，需及早识别并进行规范化管理。对于PD-NMS管理的专家共识，本文分析了其制定的必要性，以及基于临床意义的治疗推荐，强调了NMS需要全程规范化管理。.

The specific heat of single-crystal PrMnO

To discuss the effect of micro ribonucleic acid (miR)-34 on the lens epithelial cell functions in the cataract rats.Differentially expressed miRNAs in the lens epithelial cells of the cataract rats were screened out by analyzing microarrays. The lens epithelial cells of the cataract rats transfected with miR-34 mimics were set as transfection group. Cells with silenced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) using RepSox were regarded as the transfection + inhibitor group, and the cells transfected with NC constituted control group. Relative expressions of miR-34, key genes in the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway and apoptosis-related proteins [B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2 associated K protein (Bak), caspase-9 and surviving] in the control group, transfection group, and transfection + inhibitor group were detected. The proportions of apoptotic cells in the three groups were determined via flow cytometry.The differentially expressed miRNAs in the lens epithelial cells of the cataract rats included miR-5, miR-128, etc. Among the tested miRNAs, miR-34 presented remarkably downregulated expression [log2 fold change (FC) =-2.11, p=0.000]. After the lens epithelial cells of the cataract rats were transfected with miR-34 mimics, the expression of miR-34 was evidently elevated (p=0.000), while the expressions of TGF-β, Smad1, and Smad3 were significantly up-regulated. Following the treatment with the TGF-β inhibitor RepSox, the expressions of TGF-β, Smad1, and Smad3 were downregulated. After transfection of miR-34 mimics in lens epithelial cells of the cataract rats, upregulated Bax and Bak, downregulated Bcl-2 and surviving, and elevated apoptosis rate were observed. After the TGF-β inhibitor RepSox was added, the expressions of Bax and Bak declined prominently, while those of Bcl-2 and survivin were on the contrary, manifesting a declining cell apoptosis rate. The expression of caspase-9 had no significant change among the three groups. The proportion of apoptotic cells in control group, transfection group, and transfection + inhibitor group was 2.33%, 38.14%, and 16.88%, respectively, displaying differences among the three groups (p=0.002).MiR-34 can promote the apoptosis in lens epithelial cells of cataract rats via the TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway.

In this study, shot peening is applied to the titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V, and the surface treatment effect on fatigue life of shot-peened specimens under high cycle loading is investigated. The induced residual stress is measured by using the orbital hole-drilling method. Surface profilometer and optical microscopy are employed to characterize the surface roughness and morphology. The deformed microstructure layers of the shot-peened specimens are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. Experiments reveal that the fatigue life of Ti–6Al–4V is improved by the shot peening process, and the surface pre-peening polishing. The combination of pre- and post-peening polishing treatments further improves fatigue life of Ti–6Al–4V specimens. The present work provides useful guidelines for developing more efficient shot peening strategies.

Background The generation of the tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC) is not fully understood yet. Forkhead box protein-3 (Foxp3) is an important molecule in the immune tolerance. This study tests a hypothesis that DCs express Foxp3, which can be up regulated by Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Methods The expression of Foxp3 by DCs was evaluated by real time RT-PCR, Western blotting, flow cytometry and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Results We observed that mice treated with SEB at 0.25-0.5 μg/mouse showed high frequencies of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-producing CD4+ T cells and TGF-β-producing DCs in the intestine, while the IL-4+ CD4+ T cells and TIM4+ DCs were dominated in the intestine in mice treated with SEB at 1-10 μg/mouse. Treating DCs with SEB in the culture induced high levels of Foxp3 at the TGF-β promoter locus. The function of Foxp3 was blocked by STAT6 (Signal transducer and activator transcription-6); the latter was induced by exposing DCs to SEB in the culture at doses of 100-400 ng/ml. Treating allergic mice with specific immunotherapy (SIT) together with SEB significantly promoted the therapeutic effects on the allergic responses than treating with SIT alone. Conclusion DCs have the capacity to express Foxp3, which can be up regulated by exposure to SEB. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Sub-micro α-Al2O3 polishing liquid is often used as the slurry in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). At present, water is usually used as dispersion medium to disperse sub-micro α-Al2O3 powders, but the sub-micro α-Al2O3 powders easily subside in aqueous solution. In previous studies, researchers usually used single method to disperse superfine powders, however, the dispersion effect was non-ideal. In order to solve the difficult problem of sub-micro α-Al2O3 powders dispersed in water suspension, firstly, using physical method, the effects of milling time, ultrasonic time on the dispersion property of sub-micro α-Al2O3 powders in water suspension was studied by single factorial test. Then, using chemical method, the effects of dispersant type, dispersant concentration and pH value on the dispersion property of sub-micro α-Al2O3 powders in water suspension was studied by orthogonal test. Absorbance was used to evaluate the dispersion property of sub-micro α-Al2O3 powders. The results show that th...

Dry eye is one of the most common eye diseases characterized by disturbance of tear film homeostasis and a series of ocular discomforts. Discrepancy of ocular subjective symptoms and objective signs, especially unexplained severe symptoms without visible signs has been a long-time confusion for ophthalmologists. Functional disorder is a medical condition that impairs normal functioning of bodily processes due to autonomic nervous dysfunction caused by cerebral cortical dysfunction, but at the exterior, there is no appearance of abnormality. Clinical manifestations are the disease symptoms with a lack of exact physical signs and examination results to confirm the diagnosis. According to the definition and characteristics of functional disorder, we put forward the concept of functional dry eye. We assume that those patients with dry eye symptoms but without detectable signs could be classified into such a functional dry eye subtype. The possible mechanism, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies are further discussed.干眼是最常见的眼科疾病，以泪膜稳态失衡为主要特征，并伴有眼部不适症状。但在临床工作中，部分干眼患者眼部有明显症状而无体征，给干眼的临床诊治带来困扰。功能性疾病是指由于大脑皮层功能失调导致自主神经功能紊乱而产生一系列临床症状，但组织结构未发生改变的一类非器质性疾病，临床表现为具有疾病的症状但缺乏确切体征及异常检查结果以明确诊断。根据功能性疾病的特点，本文提出"功能性干眼"的概念，并对其可能的机制、临床表现、处理以及目前存在的问题进行阐述，以期眼科医师共同关注并进行深入研究和探讨。

Myopia has emerged as one of the major health issues in China given its increasingly high prevalence. It is generally accepted that myopia is the result of a complex interaction of environmental exposures and genetic predisposition. Many studies have indicated that abnormal visual stimulation regulates retinal neurotransmitters and growth factors to release resulting in scleral remodeling and axial elongation through signaling pathway transduction. It has been reported that the signaling pathways play important roles in the elongation of axial length and development of myopia. In this study, we reviewed several important signaling pathways implicated myopia.随着发病率的提高，近视眼已成为影响我国社会健康的主要问题之一。近视眼为多因素共同参与调节的病理过程，是环境或遗传因素造成的视网膜视觉输入异常，通过一系列信号传导过程导致巩膜重塑和眼轴延长而形成。这些信号通路对眼轴的生长和近视眼的形成起到非常重要的作用。本文针对影响近视眼形成的主要信号传导通路的研究进展进行综述，以期为相关临床及基础研究提供参考。（中华眼科杂志，

In this paper, immersion experiments were carried out to compare corrosion behaviors of low-alloy steel exposed to both H2S/CO2 environments in terms of corrosion kinetics, corrosion products, macroscopic/microscopic surface morphology, cross-section morphology, and elemental distribution. The experimental results demonstrated that the corrosion kinetics of both the corrosion environments was similar. The distinctive corrosion environment accelerated the formation of different corrosion products. The corrosion products of vapor-saturated H2S/CO2 environment were mackinawite, cubic iron sulfide, and greigite, while, the ones of H2S/CO2-saturated brine environment were mackinawite and cubic iron sulfide. The surface formation process was also similar. The vapor-saturated H2S/CO2 environment promoted the formation of fine crystals compared with H2S/CO2-saturated brine environment. Molybdenum accumulated in the inner layer in both the corrosion environments. Two schematic models of corrosion process are proposed based on the experimental data.

We investigated the effects of low nocturnal temperature on photosynthetic apparatus of winter rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.). An artificial climate chamber was used to simulate the effects of low nocturnal temperature on seedling and stomatal morphology, chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthetic parameters, and dry matter distribution and accumulation in two winter rapeseed cultivars, Longyou-7 (ultra coldresistant) and Tianyou-2 (weak cold resistance). Compared with those at diurnal/nocturnal temperatures of 20°/10°C (control), rapeseed seedlings at 20°/5°C had increased leaf chlorophyll content, deepened green leaf color, decreased stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and photosynthetic rate (Pn), and improved root/shoot ratio; the majority of stomata remained open in Longyou-7 while those in Tianyou-2 were mostly closed or semi-closed. At diurnal/nocturnal temperatures of 20°/–5°C, rapeseed seedlings had decreased leaf chlorophyll content with increased Ci but decreased Gs and Pn; Tianyou-2 exhibited ruptured chloroplast membrane, dissolved grana, broken stroma lamella, and decreased root/shoot ratio, whereas Longyou-7 had chloroplasts retaining partial structure of grana with a small amount of starch granules in guard cells. Low nocturnal temperature damaged the photosynthetic membrane of chloroplasts and reduced Pn in the leaves of winter rapeseed influencing photosynthetic processes in this crop. The reduction of Pn was mainly related to stomatal limitation at diurnal/nocturnal temperatures of 20°/5°C and non-stomatal limitation at diurnal/nocturnal temperatures of 20°/–5°C.

Min pigs and Large White pigs are two breeds that vary significantly in thickness of adipose tissue. In this study, transcriptome profiling was used to examine the fat tissues of both breeds. Min pig compared to Large White pig, 523 DEGs were down-regulated, and 112 DEGs were up-regulated. The DEGs were significantly enriched in biological process of oxidoreductase activity; helicase activity and others. In cellular component, DEGs were enriched in intracellular. In molecular function, DEGs were enriched in cytoskeletal protein binding and ion binding. Although there were many DEGs between Min pigs and Large White pigs, no significant pathway was enriched surprisingly. ATP6V0A4, TAP2, FGFBP1, PHEROA and GLYATL2 were expressed significantly higher in Large White pigs. These results suggest that the gene expression pattern in the back fat tissue was different between Large White pigs and Min pigs.

By a comprehensive combination of confocal X-ray fluorescence and thin-sample approach used in conventional X-ray fluorescence devices, a new “confocal equivalent thin-sample method” based on confocal X-ray fluorescence setup is proposed. It is used to quantify the concentration of several metal elements in a solution. Compared with the conventional X-ray fluorescence, this method could quantify the sample directly via the thin-sample approach and required not complicated sample preparing process. In the study, a liquid solution containing Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Br, and Sr wase used to verify the proposed method.

X-ray fluorescence analysis technology (XRF) is widely used in many fields. In this experiment, a three-dimensional confocal microbeam X-ray fluorescence analysis (3D-MXRF) spectrometer built by the laboratory is used to perform deep scanning on single element sample, surface coated sample, and ceramic sample, etc., the new spectrometer has deeper probing depth and better ability to resolve adjacent elements in the sample. The distribution of three-dimensional elements of samples is analyzed and explained. And the surface topography imaging of two samples is performed, and the newly constructed confocal 3D-MXRF was found to have a higher microscopic resolution, which plays a potential role in the popularization of surface inspection and 3D element analysis of industrial products.

This study realized the microcell analysis using confocal area formed by a pair of polycapillary X-ray lens, built a 3D micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, elaborated the controlling software, and analyzed the 3D scan performance of the set-up via its measured and calculated basic parameters. The depth-detecting performance of the developed set-up was assessed by scanning several samples of Cu-Mo thin film on silicon base and red-green porcelain of Ming dynasty under different conditions. In addition, through surface-adaptive scanning, the scanning and identification of the fractures and fine cracks of the ceramic samples revealed the morphology of samples, which was consistent with the theoretical model.