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1. Controlled delivery: Criminal procedural aspects

Author

Žarković Ivan

Subjects
organized crime, controlled delivery, criminal procedural aspects, Military Science, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Preventing and combating criminal acts of organized crime present a particularly complex task, and the detection of perpetrators and the proving of their criminal activity most oft en requires engagement of a larger number of officials, as well as the synchronized implementation of a large number of criminal and criminal procedural measures and actions (secret surveillance and recording, communication control, concealed investigator, controlled delivery, etc.). In the fight against the most serious crimes, most countries in the world have long understood the importance of international co-operation, and the choice and application of the most effective methods of preventing and combating criminal acts of organized crime oft en involve cooperation at the international level. The integration of international legal standards in the field of preventing and combating organized crime, as well as international human rights standards into domestic legislation, is one of the prerequisites for the lawful implementation of concrete measures and actions of state organs of the Republic of Serbia both at the national level and in international exchanges. Th is also includes controlled delivery, which takes one of the key ones in the context of joint actions on criminal offenses with a foreign element in order to uncover as many direct directors as possible, along with organizers and criminals. In the following text, attention will be paid to the criminal aspects of controlled delivery and its implementation in the Republic of Serbia and certain European Union countries.

Published
2017

2. Korisni GIS alati pri utvrđivanju dostupnosti šumske površine

Author

Janeš, David, Papa, Ivica, Matijašević, Sandi, Žarković, Ivan, Lovrinčević, Mihael, Đuka, Andreja, Janeš, David, Papa, Ivica, Matijašević, Sandi, Žarković, Ivan, Lovrinčević, Mihael, and Đuka, Andreja

Abstract

Sažetak Svrha ovog članka detaljno je pojašnjenje problematike funkcionalnog pristupa utvrđivanja dostupnosti šumske površine, odnosno jednoznačnog i ujednačenog utvrđivanja gustoće cesta i relativne otvorenosti promatrane šumske površine koja se najčešće prikazuje na razini gospodarske jedinice. Navedena dva parametra predstavljaju neizostavne čimbenike u kasnijoj fazi planiranja optimalne mreže šumskih prometnica. Kao vodič postupka otvaranja šuma poslužio je važeći Pravilnik o provedbi mjere M04 »Ulaganja u fizičku imovinu«, podmjere 4.3. »Potpora za ulaganja u infrastrukturu vezano uz razvoj, modernizaciju i prilagodbu poljoprivrede i šumarstva«, tipa operacije 4.3.3. »Ulaganje u šumsku infrastrukturu« iz Programa ruralnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje 2014. – 2020. (NN 106/2015, 65/2017, 77/2017 i 84/2018), koji propisuje način izrade Elaborata učinkovitosti mreže šumskih prometnica – primarne šumske prometne infrastrukture. U ovome radu prikazani su korisni alati unutar dva najzastupljenija GIS programska paketa: komercijalnog ArcGIS programa te besplatnog QGIS programa (eng. open source). Detaljno su prikazani i pojašnjeni GIS alati unutar oba programa, a koji mogu pomoći pri izradi Elaborata učinkovitosti mreže šumskih prometnica – primarne šumske prometne infrastrukture. Ovaj stručni rad sadrži korisne informacije za sve koji se bave problematikom utvrđivanja dostupnosti šumske površine, odnosno optimalnog planiranja šumskih cesta, te za utvrđivanje stvarnog stanja gustoće cesta i relativne otvorenosti šuma kojom gospodare., SummaryThe purpose of this paper is a detailed explanation of determining the accessibility of the forest area by calculating road density and the relative forest openness on the examples of two management units. The mentioned two parameters represent indispensable factors in the later phase of planning the optimal forest traffic infrastructure network. As a guide for increasing forest accessibility, a valid Bylaw on measure implementation M04 »Investments in physical assets«, by-measure 4.3 »Grant for investments in development, modernization and customization of agriculture and forestry«, operation type 4.3.3 »Investments in forest infrastructure« from the Program of Rural Development in the Republic of Croatia in the period from 2014 to 2020 (NN 106/15) (NN 106/2015, 65/2017, 77/2017 and 84/2018), which in its appendix No. 1 – Form for the Effectiveness Study of Primary Forest Road Traffic Infrastructure prescribes the preparation of the Effectiveness study of the forest road network. This paper presents valuable tools within the two most common GIS software packages: the commercial ArcGIS program and QGIS, an open-source program. The GIS tools within both programs, which are necessary for preparing the Effectiveness study of the forest road network, are presented and explained in detail. This professional paper contains valuable information for all who deal with the problem of determining the availability of forest area, i.e. the optimal planning of forest road layout, as well as for determining the actual state of road density and the relative openness of the forests.

Published
2023

4. Measures of electronic monitoring of employees and the right to privacy in the workplace

Author

Žarković Ivan

Subjects
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology, HV1-9960
Abstract

At the present time, the development of technology has enabled the application of different systems of monitoring of the workplace, which many employers use as a key to maintain safety and productivity of employees. Regardless of which type of surveillance is on going, employers must take care not to go too far in monitoring, and that they do not violate the rights of employees to privacy. Currently current forms of electronic monitoring of employees, and aims to be achieved by them, evident risks of violations of the rights of employees and their consequences in the field of employment status, as inevitably follows the question of the existence and effectiveness of protection of personal data of employees and their privacy in the workplace. This is seen through the prism of national legislation, and also of the legislation of the European Union. As one of the most common forms of workplace surveillance, video surveillance draws particular attention of the practitioners and theorists. In text, trough analysis of lawful basis and frame of the installation and use of video surveillance equipment, it was point out some contentious issues on this topic. In order to create conditions for a more comprehensive look at the problem and finding adequate solutions in text it was point out at the law of the European Court of Human Rights regarding the application of certain control techniques by the employer and the possible existence of violations of employee rights to privacy.

Published
2015

6. Pokazatelji primarne otvorenosti četiri reljefna područja šuma

Author

Janeš, David, Đuka, Andreja, Papa, Ivica, Pentek, Tibor, Moro, Maja, Žarković, Ivan, Poršinsky, Tomislav, Janeš, David, Đuka, Andreja, Papa, Ivica, Pentek, Tibor, Moro, Maja, Žarković, Ivan, and Poršinsky, Tomislav

Abstract

Poznavanje značajki gustoće i prostornog rasporeda šumskih cesta različitih reljefnih područja olakšava daljnje procese planiranja i projektiranja budućih šumskih cesta. Istraživanjem su proučavani osnovi pokazatelji otvo­renosti šuma primarnim šumskim prometnicama na uzorku od dvadeset gospodarskih jedinica raspodjeljenih u četiri reljefna područja, odnosno šumskih bioklimata: 1) Nizinskih šuma hrasta lužnjaka, 2) Brežuljkastih šuma hrasta kitnjaka, 3) Brdskih bukovih šuma te 4) Gorskih bukovo – jelovih šuma.Postojeće i unaprijeđeno (na temelju idejnih trasa nultih linija) stanje primarne otvorenosti šuma dvadeset primjer­nih gospodarskih jedinica, provedeno je kroz analizu sljedećih pokazatelja: gustoću mreže šumskih cesta, geo­metrijsku srednju udaljenost privlačenja drva, faktor mreže šumskih prometnica te primarnu relativnu otvo­re­nost. Za valorizaciju nehomogenosti površina istraživanih gospodarskih jedinica korišten je faktor razvedenosti šumske površine, a za razinu zahtjevnosti terena udjel površine s nagibom > 33 %.Polučeni rezultati primarne otvorenosti šuma, ukazuju na sličnosti i razlike mreže šumskih cesta pojedinih reljefnih područja šuma, odnosno najveće vrijednosti gustoće cesta pojedinog šumskog bioklimata za izvrsnu relativnu otvo­renost šuma. Ostvareni rezultati potvrđuju propisane vrijednosti ciljane gustoće cesta po reljefnim područjima (Pravilnik o provedbi mjere 4 »Ulaganja u fizičku imovinu«, podmjere 4.3. »Potpora za ulaganja u infrastrukturu vezano uz razvoj, modernizaciju i prilagodbu poljoprivrede i šumarstva«, tipa operacije 4.3.3. »Ulaganje u šumsku infrastrukturu« iz programa ruralnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje 2014. – 2020.), budući da primar­na otvorenost veća od ciljanih vrijednosti ne daje značajne pozitivne učinke., Knowledge of the characteristics of the density and spatial distribution of forest roads in different bioclimates (terrain categories) facilitates further planning and design processes of future forest road networks. The basic parameters of forest accessibility based on primary forest roads were researched within twenty management units. The research was conducted in four bioclimates: 1. Common oak and floodplain forests, 2. Sessile oak forests of hilly terrain, 3. Submountainous beech forests and 4. Mountainous fir, beech-fir and spruce forests. The following parameters of forest accessibility were analysed: 1) forest road density and factor of forest area indentation, 2) average geometric timber extraction distance and road network factor and 3) primary relative forest accessibility. The obtained results indicate similarities and differences in the quality and quantity of the primary forest road network in each bioclimate.

Published
2022

10. Analiza terenskih i sastojinskih čimbenika kao osnova za planiranje radova u pridobivanju drva i otvaranju šuma

Author

Janeš, David, Papa, Ivica, Moro, Maja, Žarković, Ivan, Pentek, Tibor, Poršinsky, Tomislav, and Đuka, Andreja

Subjects
razredba terena, bioklimat, razvedenost šumskih cesta
Abstract

Istraživane su terenske i sastojinske prilike gospodarskih državnih i privatnih šuma iz dostupnih prostornih podataka koje će potom omogućiti stvaranje osnovice za razredbu terena za potrebe pridobivanja drva i otvaranja šuma. S gledišta pridobivanja drva te kao gospodarski najznačajnije šume izdvojena su i prikazana četiri bioklimata: 1) bioklimat jelovih, bukovo-jelovih i smrekovih šuma, 2) bioklimat brdskih bukovih šuma, 3) bioklimat bežuljkastih šuma hrasta kitnjaka te 4) bioklimat nizinskih šuma hrasta lužnjaka i poplavnih šuma. Na tim su područjima određene ove terenske i sastojinske značajke: 1) nagib terena i stjenovitost tla (pokrivenost površine), 2) način vlaženja tla i rizik od erozije tla vodom, 3) drvna zaliha, 4) stupanj razvedenosti šumskih cesta i 5) srednja udaljenost privlačenja drva kao pokazatelj otvorenosti šuma. Provedene analize mreže šumskih cesta pokazale su da postoji statistički značajna razlika između cesta bioklimata nizinskih šuma hrasta lužnjaka i poplavnih šuma te bioklimata brežuljkastih šuma hrasta kitnjaka u odnosu na ostale bioklimate. Analize šumskih cesta po pojedinom bioklimatu treba promatrati u sklopu ostalih terenskih čimbenika, kao što su stjenovitost terena te stvarnoga rizika od erozije tla vodom, koji će svoj utjecaj, uz nagib terena, iskazati pri planiranju budućih trasa šumskih cesta. Povezivanjem značajki terena započeto je stvaranje primjenjive razredbe terena za uvjete hrvatskoga šumarstva kao važnoga logičkoga alatu pri gospodarenju šumama i planiranju radova u šumarstvu, osobito u pridobivanju drva i otvaranju šuma.

Published
2021

12. Javni video nadzor: zapleteno vprašanje za srbske zakonodajalce

Author

Žarković, Milan, Ivanović, Zvonimir, and Žarković, Ivan

Subjects
udc:343.1(497.11), nadzor, public video surveillance, Srbija, public surveillance, video nadzor, preiskovanje, kazniva dejanja, zakonodaja, javni nadzor, dokazi, primerjalno pravo, law, Serbia, človekove pravice
Abstract

Purpose: This paper examines the status of and practical problems in the use of public video surveillance for police and criminal procedural purposes. Design/Methods/Approach: The approach in this research paper entailed a comparative legal analysis of the Serbian system with regard to public video surveillance and the use of recorded material as evidence in different procedures. Our research also examined reactions to the use of such material by various government agencies, such as the Ombudsman, the Commissioner for Information of Public Importance and Personal Data Protection, as well as the procedures and activities of the police department when dealing with criminal investigations. This paper examines this issue from the perspective of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, and their implementation in Serbia. Findings: The results provide different perspectives on changes made in Serbian law. They also guided us in the interpretation of strategically important decisions and led us to construe methods and procedures for implementing different solutions and approaches in surveillance. Research Limitations / Implications: Although the findings of this paper are strictly connected with the Serbian legal system, their implications and proposed solutions are universal in their possible application. Originality/Value: While in Serbia there have already been studies covering public video surveillance, evolutionary changes in certain crucial laws have lagged behind. This paper critically deals with such strategic imperfections. Namen prispevka: Prispevek obravnava stanje in praktične težave pri uporabi javnega videonadzora za policijske in kazensko procesne namene. Metode: Temeljni pristop v prispevku je izvedba primerjalno-pravne analize srbskega sistema javnega video nadzora in uporabe posnetega materiala kot dokaza v različnih postopkih. V raziskavi smo preučili tudi reakcije glede uporabe posnetega materiala s strani različnih državnih organov, kot sta varuh človekovih pravic in komisar za informiranje javnega pomena in varstvo osebnih podatkov. Prikazani so tudi postopki in dejavnosti policije, ki se ukvarja s preiskavo kaznivega dejanja. Problematika je obravnavana tudi z vidika Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah (EKČP), sodne prakse Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice in njihovo izvajanje v Srbiji. Ugotovitve: Rezultati predstavljajo različne perspektive uvajanja sprememb v srbsko zakonodajo. Vodijo tudi k razlagi strateško pomembnih odločitev in predstavljajo različne rešitve in pristope za izvajanje nadzora. Praktična uporabnost: Vsebina prispevka je tesno povezana s srbskim pravnim sistemom. Obenem pa so ugotovitve in predlagane rešitve splošne in uporabne tudi v drugih državah. Izvirnost/pomembnost prispevka: Čeprav so v Srbiji že bile študije, ki zajemajo javni videonadzor, pa so razvojne spremembe v nekaterih ključnih zakonih zaostajale. Prispevek te strateške pomanjkljivosti kritično obravnava.

Published
2020

13. Maruni i hibridne sorte pitomoga kestena: kemijski sastav, morfometrijske i kvalitativne značajke plodova

Author

Žarković, Ivan

Subjects
pitomi kesten, maruni, hibridi, morfološka varijabilnost, morfometrijska analiza, kemijski sastav plodova
Abstract

Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene četiri sorte pitomoga kestena (dva maruna i dva hibrida). Plodovi su sakupljeni sa stabala kestena s privatnih posjeda u okolici Lovrana, na južnim padinama Učke, gdje rastu pod specifičnim submediteranskim klimatskim uvjetima. Mjereno je sedam morfoloških značajka i određen je osnovni kemijski sastav uzoraka (voda, sirova mast, sirovi proteini, pepeo i ukupni ugljikohidrati) te makro i mikroelementi (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn i Cu). Značajne razlike između maruna i hibrida dobivene su za gotovo sve morfometrijske i kemijske karakteristike plodova. U odnosu na tradicionalne kultivare pitomoga kestena, hibridi obuhvaćeni ovim istraživanjem okarakterizirani su većim plodovima s većim udjelom vode, sirovih proteina, K, Mg, Na, Fe i Cu. S druge strane, plodovi maruna pokazali su se bogatijima u ukupnim ugljikohidratima i sirovim mastima, dok su kao njihove tipične karakteristike zabilježene uzdignute pruge, mali ožiljak i poprečno elipsoidni oblik plodova. Na temelju navedenih razlika između ove dvije skupine sorata pitomoga kestena možemo zaključiti da njihovi plodovi mogu imati različite praktične primjene.

Published
2020

14. Population variability of European white poplar (Populus alba L.) in Croatia according to the leaf morphology

Author

Žarković, Ivan, Tišljar, Šimun, Nikl, Patricija, Kovač, Ela, Baneković, Matej, Poljak, Igor, Jasprica, Nenad, and Car, Ana

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages, bio-geographical regions, intra- and inter-population variability, isolation by distance and by environment, morphometric analysis, small- and large-leaf ecotypes
Abstract

Morphological variation was studied in a pioneer tree species, Populus alba L., across the Croatian continental and Mediterranean bio-geographical regions. The material for morphometric analysis was collected in 12 natural populations of European white poplar. Population variability was estimated according to 9 morphological traits of the leaves and 3 derived ratios. Descriptive and multivariate statistical methods were used to evaluate the differences among and within populations. High phenotypic variation and two distinct morphotypes were found: small-leaf in the Mediterranean region, and large-leaf in the continental region. A bio-geographical structuring of populations with a high level of among-tree variation within the populations was identified. Multivariate phenotypic analysis confirmed the existence of small- and large-leaf ecotypes. Furthermore, it was found that phenotypic divergence of the studied European white poplar populations can be explained as a result of a significant level of isolation both by distance and by environment.

Published
2019

15. Ocjena stanja kolnika

Author

Žarković, Ivan, Breški, Deana, Cvitanić, Dražen, and Jajac, Nikša

Subjects
measurment, pavement condition, road managment, gospodarenje cestama, stanje kolnika, uređaji, metode, mjerenje, devices, methods
Abstract

U radu će se opisati zakonski okviri i strategije gospodarenja cestama koji na optimalan način određuju metode i prioritete u aktivnostima održavanja cesta s ciljem podizanja njene uporabne razine. Navest će se sva poznata stanja kolnika te nabrojati i ukratko opisati sve metode i mjerne uređaje koji se koriste pri procjeni tih stanja., In the paper will be described legal frameworks and road managment strategies which in an optimal way determine the methods and priorities in road maintenance activities with the aim of raising it's use level. All known pavement conditions will be announced and all methods and measuring devices used to evaluate these conditions will be listed and briefly described.

Published
2018

16. Varijabilnost bijele topole (Populus alba L.) na području rijeke Save prema morfološkim obilježjima listova

Author

Žarković, Ivan

Subjects
bijela topola, Populus alba, morfologija listova, varijabilnost, rijeka Sava, Hrvatska
Abstract

U završnom radu prikazana je morfološka varijabilnost listova pet populacija bijele topole (Populus alba L.) na području vodotoka rijeke Save u Hrvatskoj. Unutar svake populacije uzorkovano je po 15 stabala te je sa svakog stabla sakupljeno je po 20 zdravih listova s kratkih fertilnih izbojaka u osunčanom dijelu krošnje. Ukupno je analizirano 1500 listova, odnosno 300 po populaciji. Unutarpopulacijska i međupopulacijska varijabilnost utvrđena je na osnovi devet morfoloških značajki listova, a korištene su deskriptivne i multivarijatne statističke metode.

Published
2018

18. EVIDENCES AND THE NEW CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA.

Author

Turanjanin, Veljko, Voštinić, Mirko, and Žarković, Ivan

Subjects
CRIMINAL procedure, CRIMINAL evidence, FORENSIC genetics, CRIMINAL codes
Abstract

The authors in this work deal with particular questions of the complex issues of proving in the criminal procedure, according to the new Criminal Procedural Code of the Republic of Serbia. Namely, Serbia was adopted a new CPC in 2011, which entered into force in 2013. The main novelty that brings this legal text is moving from the concept of judicial investigation to prosecutorial investigation. However, it brings some changes in the field of proving. Since the area of proving is extremely tight, the authors pay attention to the specific changes in the already standard sphere of proving, while they emphasize completely new solutions. Among them, particularly stand out certain types of expertise and taking of samples. Taking of samples was not, regulated in the Serbian legislation before. Now, the legislator regulates three types of this form: taking biometric samples, taking samples of biological origin and taking samples for forensic-genetic analysis. After the main part of the work, the authors give final, concluding and critical remarks on the new solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

19. Public Video Surveillance: A Puzzling Issue for Serbian Lawmakers.

Author

Žarković, Milan, Ivanović, Zvonimir, and Žarković, Ivan

Subjects
VIDEO surveillance, CRIMINAL procedure, SOCIAL problems, SERBIAN politics & government, 2006-
Abstract

Copyright of Varstvoslovje: Journal of Criminal Justice & Security is the property of University of Maribor, Faculty of Criminal Justice & Security and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2016

20. COVERT SURVEILLANCE AS COMPULSORY PART OF CONTROLLED DELIVERY.

Author

Popara, Veljko, Žarković, Ivan, and Nešić, Goran

Subjects
ORGANIZED crime, SOCIAL context, CRIMINAL procedure, LEGAL documents, CRIMINAL law, PROSECUTION
Abstract

Organized crime is a very complex and specific criminal phenomenon which is characterized by very rapid transformations and adaptations to the overall social context as well as to the measures taken by the states of the modern world in order to prevent and fight it. Covert surveillance is one of practically inevitable measures due to the fact that it substantially helps and enables the collection of information and provides evidence to solve and prosecute specific crimes; as a newly introduced measure, it can be primarily classified into the corpus of measures related to organized crime. Although this measure/action has long been used in criminal practice, it is only during last few years that it has developed from an informal to a very complex and demanding criminal actions as well as criminal proceedings relevant actions. A number of characteristics are associated with the type of monitoring whose primary purpose is not limited to the detection of direct perpetrators of the crime, but to the detection of ordering parties and organizers of organized criminal activities. Some of the special characteristics are conditioned by the fact that the normative basis and framework for this form of action are stipulated by international legal documents and criminal law provisions of the national legislation regulating controlled delivery. A high level of professional approach in execution of actions undertaken by their direct executors involved in the implementation of covert surveillance activities is also conditioned by the characteristics of the very criminal activity in question. The following study will summarize the special aspects of the tactics applied by specialized units for covert surveillance as well as the effects which are achieved by their successful operations aimed at the implementation of controlled delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

21. HATE CRIMES AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE REACTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA.

Author

Popara, Veljko, Žarković, Ivan, and Kojčin, Zorica

Subjects
HATE crimes, CRIMINAL justice system, SOCIAL facts, INDICTMENTS
Abstract

Quite a number of social phenomena, with a long history of existence and significant adverse consequences, just in the modern society began attracting the attention of the public, both general and professional and scientific. Such is the case with hate crimes. Their understanding is related to the reality research in many areas of social life, including the segment criminal justice reaction to various forms of socially unacceptable behaviour. Over time, this also had its sequence in increasingly dominating and better quality research of various forms of hate crimes. Often, the results of the research have influenced the innovations in the area of criminal justice reaction to this type of criminal behaviour. This also applies to the criminal legislation of the Republic of Serbia. In the text that follows we will try to point out some of the measures taken in the normative area, but also the need to undertake additional activities aimed at creating a system that shall make the state's response to hate crimes even more consistent and adequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

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