Search

Your search keyword '"Yvonne A. Maldonado"' showing total 45 results
Start Over Author "Yvonne A. Maldonado"
45 results on '"Yvonne A. Maldonado"'

1. Incentives for COVID-19 vaccination

Author

Noel T. Brewer, Alison M. Buttenheim, Chelsea V. Clinton, Michelle M. Mello, Regina M. Benjamin, Timothy Callaghan, Arthur Caplan, Richard M. Carpiano, Renee DiResta, Jad A. Elharake, Lisa C. Flowers, Alison P. Galvani, Peter J. Hotez, Rekha Lakshmanan, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Saad B. Omer, Daniel A. Salmon, Jason L. Schwartz, Joshua M. Sharfstein, and Douglas J. Opel

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. The Correlation Between the Chemical Composition and the Microstructure of the Polysaccharides of Two Varieties of Mexican Red Prickly Pear Fruits

Author

Yvonne Roman Maldonado, Socorro Josefina Villanueva-Rodríguez, Hilda María Hernández-Hernández, Eduardo Terrés, and Jesus Cervantes Martinez

Subjects
fibrillar, interactions, food matrix, neutral sugars, methoxylation, degree of esterification, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The red prickly pear fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill), endemic from Mexico’s semi-desert regions and present in North Africa and Southern Europe, particularly Italy and Spain, is a valuable source of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and polysaccharides. This study used non-destructive techniques like microscopy and Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy to characterize polysaccharides extracted from two red prickly pear varieties. The polysaccharides constitute approximately 80% of the peel and 39–18% of the pulp; microscopy provided insights into its microstructural details, while Raman and IR spectroscopy enabled the identification of its specific functional groups. The results revealed distinct microstructural attributes: mucilage displays a microstructure influenced by the ratio of acidic to neutral sugar monomers; pectin exhibits a low degree of methoxylation alongside a characteristic egg-box structure facilitated by calcium ions; hemicellulose presents a delicate, porous layer; and cellulose reveals a layered microstructure supported by thin or robust fibers and calcium crystals. The functional groups identified via Raman and IR spectroscopy provided specific information that could be used to infer chemical interactions influenced by functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl, and methyl, suggesting potential binding, stabilization, and water retention properties that enhance their utility as functional ingredients in food products. These findings, obtained using non-destructive methods, enhance the understanding of the compositional and microstructural characteristics of polysaccharides in the red prickly pear, which, in turn, can be used to predict their promising technological applications as functional ingredients.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Electronic Nose Development and Preliminary Human Breath Testing for Rapid, Non-Invasive COVID-19 Detection

Author

Jing Li, Ami Hannon, George Yu, Luke A. Idziak, Adwait Sahasrabhojanee, Prasanthi Govindarajan, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Khoa Ngo, John P. Abdou, Nghia Mai, and Antonio J. Ricco

Subjects
Life Sciences (General)
Abstract

We adapted an existing, spaceflight-proven, robust “electronic nose” (E-Nose) that uses an array of electrical resistivity-based nanosensors mimicking aspects of mammalian olfaction to conduct on-site, rapid screening for COVID-19 infection by measuring the pattern of sensor responses to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled human breath. We built and tested multiple copies of a hand-held prototype E-Nose sensor system, composed of 64 chemically sensitive nanomaterial sensing elements tailored to COVID-19 VOC detection; data acquisition electronics; a smart tablet with software (App) for sensor control, data acquisition and display; and a sampling fixture to capture exhaled breath samples and deliver them to the sensor array inside the E-Nose. The sensing elements detect the combination of VOCs typical in breath at parts-per-billion (ppb) levels, with repeatability of 0.02% and reproducibility of 1.2%; the measurement electronics in the E-Nose provide measurement accuracy and signal-to-noise ratios comparable to benchtop instrumentation. Preliminary clinical testing at Stanford Medicine with 63 participants, their COVID-19-positive or COVID-19-negative status determined by concomitant RT-PCR, discriminated between these two categories of human breath with a 79% correct identification rate using “leave-one-out” training-and-analysis methods. Analyzing the E-Nose response in conjunction with body temperature and other non-invasive symptom screening using advanced machine learning methods, with a much larger database of responses from a wider swath of the population, is expected to provide more accurate on-the-spot answers. Additional clinical testing, design refinement, and a mass manufacturing approach are the main steps toward deploying this technology to rapidly screen for active infection in clinics and hospitals, public and commercial venues, or at home.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Confronting the evolution and expansion of anti-vaccine activism in the USA in the COVID-19 era

Author

Richard M Carpiano, Timothy Callaghan, Renee DiResta, Noel T Brewer, Chelsea Clinton, Alison P Galvani, Rekha Lakshmanan, Wendy E Parmet, Saad B Omer, Alison M Buttenheim, Regina M Benjamin, Arthur Caplan, Jad A Elharake, Lisa C Flowers, Yvonne A Maldonado, Michelle M Mello, Douglas J Opel, Daniel A Salmon, Jason L Schwartz, Joshua M Sharfstein, and Peter J Hotez

Subjects
General Medicine
Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. The legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic for childhood vaccination in the USA

Author

Douglas J Opel, Noel T Brewer, Alison M Buttenheim, Timothy Callaghan, Richard M Carpiano, Chelsea Clinton, Jad A Elharake, Lisa C Flowers, Alison P Galvani, Peter J Hotez, Jason L Schwartz, Regina M Benjamin, Arthur Caplan, Renee DiResta, Rekha Lakshmanan, Yvonne A Maldonado, Michelle M Mello, Wendy E Parmet, Daniel A Salmon, Joshua M Sharfstein, and Saad B Omer

Subjects
General Medicine
Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Effectiveness of vaccination mandates in improving uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in the USA

Author

Michelle M Mello, Douglas J Opel, Regina M Benjamin, Timothy Callaghan, Renee DiResta, Jad A Elharake, Lisa C Flowers, Alison P Galvani, Daniel A Salmon, Jason L Schwartz, Noel T Brewer, Alison M Buttenheim, Richard M Carpiano, Chelsea Clinton, Peter J Hotez, Rekha Lakshmanan, Yvonne A Maldonado, Saad B Omer, Joshua M Sharfstein, and Arthur Caplan

Subjects
Vaccines, COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccination, COVID-19, Humans, Papillomavirus Vaccines, General Medicine
Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Lessons From a House on Fire—From Smallpox to Polio

Author

Yvonne A Maldonado

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Global burden of disease morbidity and mortality has shifted dramatically in the last 30 years from infectious to non-communicable diseases, leading to major improvements in global child survival and enhanced life expectancy for all age groups. Vaccination efforts worldwide have been key to this achievement, but with a reduction in vaccine preventable diseases, anti-vaccine sentiments have concurrently increased. Eradication of smallpox in 1977 is a testament to vaccination impacts on human health. Despite this historic success, recent increases in infectious disease outbreaks, such as polio and measles, especially among poorly vaccinated populations, have underscored the risks of resurgence of diseases once thought eliminated in the United States and elsewhere. Engaging governments, community leaders, and the public will be critical to continuing the advancement of global health through elimination of vaccine preventable diseases.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Long-Term Accuracy of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Interferon-γ Release Assay and Its Application in Household Investigation

Author

Kanagavel Murugesan, Prasanna Jagannathan, Jonathan Altamirano, Yvonne A Maldonado, Hector F Bonilla, Karen B Jacobson, Julie Parsonnet, Jason R Andrews, Run Zhang Shi, Scott Boyd, Benjamin A Pinsky, Upinder Singh, and Niaz Banaei

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases
Abstract

Background An immunodiagnostic assay that sensitively detects a cell-mediated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is needed for epidemiological investigation and for clinical assessment of T- cell-mediated immune response to vaccines, particularly in the context of emerging variants that might escape antibody responses. Methods The performance of a whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific T cells was evaluated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents tested serially up to 10 months post-infection and in healthy blood donors. SARS-CoV-2 IGRA was applied in contacts of households with index cases. Freshly collected blood in the lithium heparin tube was left unstimulated, stimulated with a SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool, and stimulated with mitogen. Results The overall sensitivity and specificity of IGRA were 84.5% (153/181; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.0–89.0) and 86.6% (123/142; 95% CI: 80.0–91.2), respectively. The sensitivity declined from 100% (16/16; 95% CI: 80.6–100) at 0.5-month post-infection to 79.5% (31/39; 95% CI: 64.4–89.2) at 10 months post-infection (P Conclusions The SARS-CoV-2 IGRA is a useful clinical diagnostic tool for assessing cell-mediated immune response to SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Drivers of liking to predict consumers’ acceptance of local coffee from indigenous Mexican regions

Author

Yvonne Roman-Maldonado, Ana Luisa Gutiérrez-Salomón, Judith Jaimez-Ordaz, Jahir Antonio Barajas-Ramírez, and Sergio Erick García-Barrón

Subjects
Taste, Agricultural science, Geography, Descriptive statistics, Coffee processing, General Chemistry, Biochemistry, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Indigenous, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify drivers of liking for local coffees cultivated in three indigenous regions from Hidalgo, Mexico. A conventional descriptive analysis was conducted to identify the sensory characteristics; 2-AFC discriminative test was performed to determine differences in acidity and bitter among coffee beverages. In addition, overall liking of four coffees was evaluated by 145 coffee consumers using a 9-point hedonic scale. Coffees from Sierra Gorda and Sierra Alta regions presented higher acidity than coffees from Sierra Otomi-Tepehua and coffees from Sierra Alta region were the most bitter (dʹ = 2.45, p

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Contributors

Author

Mark J. Abzug, Elisabeth E. Adderson, Aastha Agarwal, Allison L. Agwu, Lindsey Albenberg, Jonathan Albert, Kevin Alby, Grace M. Aldrovandi, Upton D. Allen, Gerardo Alvarez-Hernndez, Krow Ampofo, Evan J. Anderson, Grace D. Appiah, Monica I. Ardura, Stephen S. Arnon, Naomi E. Aronson, Ann M. Arvin, Shai Ashkenazi, Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, Edwin J. Asturias, Kestutis Aukstuolis, Vahe Badalyan, Carol J. Baker, Karthik Balakrishnan, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Kirsten Bechtel, William E. Benitz, Rachel Berkovich, David M. Berman, Stephanie R. Bialek, Else M. Bijker, Matthew J. Bizzarro, Karen C. Bloch, Joseph A. Bocchini, Thomas G. Boyce, John S. Bradley, Denise F. Bratcher, Paula K. Braverman, Itzhak Brook, Kevin Edward Brown, Kristina P. Bryant, Andres F. Camacho-Gonzalez, Connie F. Caete-Gibas, Joseph B. Cantey, Paul Cantey, Cristina V. Cardemil, Mary T. Caserta, Luis A. Castagnini, Jessica R. Cataldi, Ellen Gould Chadwick, Rebecca J. Chancey, Cara C. Cherry, Silvia S. Chiang, Mary Choi, John C. Christenson, Susan E. Coffin, Amanda Cohn, Despina G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis, James H. Conway, Margaret M. Cortese, C. Buddy Creech, Jonathan D. Crews, Donna Curtis, Nigel Curtis, Lara A. Danziger-Isakov, Toni Darville, Gregory A. Dasch, Irini Daskalaki, H. Dele Davies, Fatimah S. Dawood, J. Christopher Day, M. Teresa de la Morena, Gregory P. DeMuri, Dickson D. Despommier, Daniel S. Dodson, Stephen J. Dolgner, Clinton Dunn, Jonathan Dyal, Kathryn M. Edwards, Morven S. Edwards, Dawn Z. Eichenfield, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Dirk M. Elston, Beth Emerson, Leslie A. Enane, Moshe Ephros, Guliz Erdem, Marina E. Eremeeva, Douglas H. Esposito, Monica M. Farley, Anat R. Feingold, Kristina N. Feja, Adam Finn, Marc Fischer, Brian T. Fisher, Randall G. Fisher, Patricia Michele Flynn, Monique A. Foster, LeAnne M. Fox, Michael M. Frank, Douglas R. Fredrick, Robert W. Frenck, James Gaensbauer, Hayley A. Gans, Gregory M. Gauthier, Patrick Gavigan, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Yael Gernez, Francis Gigliotti, Mark A. Gilger, Carol A. Glaser, Jane M. Gould, James Graziano, Amanda M. Green, Michael Green, Daniel Griffin, Patricia M. Griffin, David C. Griffith, Piyush Gupta, Bruce J. Gutelius, Julie R. Gutman, Aron J. Hall, Rana F. Hamdy, Jin-Young Han, Lori K. Handy, Benjamin Hanisch, Marvin B. Harper, Aaron M. Harris, Christopher J. Harrison, David B. Haslam, Julia C. Haston, Sarah.J. Hawkes, Taylor Heald-Sargent, J. Owen Hendley, Adam L. Hersh, Joseph A. Hilinski, Susan L. Hills, David K. Hong, Peter J. Hotez, Katherine K. Hsu, Felicia Scaggs Huang, David A. Hunstad, W. Garrett Hunt, Loris Y. Hwang, Christelle M. Ilboudo, Preeti Jaggi, Sophonie Jean, Ravi Jhaveri, Kateina Jirk-Pomajbkov, Nadia A. Kadry, Mary L. Kamb, Ronak K. Kapadia, Ben Z. Katz, Sophie E. Katz, Ishminder Kaur, Gilbert J. Kersh, Muhammad Ali Khan, Ananta Khurana, David W. Kimberlin, Bruce Klein, Miwako Kobayashi, Larry K. Kociolek, Andrew Y. Koh, Karen L. Kotloff, Andrew T. Kroger, Matthew P. Kronman, Leah Lalor, Christine T. Lauren, Amy Leber, Eyal Leshem, David B. Lewis, Robyn A. Livingston, Eloisa Llata, Kevin Lloyd, Katrina Loh, Sarah S. Long, Benjamin A. Lopman, Yalda C. Lucero, Debra J. Lugo, Jorge Lujn-Zilbermann, Yvonne A. Maldonado, John J. Manaloor, Kalpana Manthiram, Stacey W. Martin, Roshni Mathew, Tony Mazzulli, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Kathleen A. McGann, Lucy A. McNamara, Debrah Meislich, H. Cody Meissner, Asuncion Mejias, Jussi Mertsola, Kevin Messacar, Mohammad Nael Mhaissen, Marian G. Michaels, Melissa B. Miller, Hilary Miller-Handley, Eric Mintz, Parvathi Mohan, Susan P. Montgomery, Jose G. Montoya, Anne C. Moorman, Pedro L. Moro, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, William J. Muller, Angela L. Myers, Simon Nadel, Jennifer Lynn Nayak, Michael Noel Neely, Karen P. Neil, Christina A. Nelson, Noele P. Nelson, Megin Nichols, William Nicholson, Amy Jo Nopper, Laura E. Norton, Theresa J. Ochoa, Liset Olarte, Timothy R. Onarecker, Walter A. Orenstein, Miguel ORyan, William R. Otto, Christopher P. Ouellette, Christopher D. Paddock, Debra L. Palazzi, Suresh Kumar Panuganti, Diane E. Pappas, Michal Paret, Daniel M. Pastula, Thomas F. Patterson, Brett W. Petersen, Mikael Petrosyan, Larry K. Pickering, Talia Pindyck, Swetha Pinninti, Laure F. Pittet, Paul J. Planet, Andrew J. Pollard, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Casper S. Poulsen, Susan M. Poutanen, Ann M. Powers, Nina Salinger Prasanphanich, Bobbi S. Pritt, Charles G. Prober, Neha Puar, Laura A.S. Quilter, Octavio Ramilo, Suchitra Rao, Adam J. Ratner, Sarah A. Rawstron, Jennifer S. Read, Ryan F. Relich, Megan E. Reller, Candice L. Robinson, Jos R. Romero, David A. Rosen, Shannon A. Ross, G. Ingrid J.G. Rours, Peter C. Rowe, Anne H. Rowley, Lorry G. Rubin, Edward T. Ryan, Alexandra Sacharok, Thomas J. Sandora, Sarah G.H. Sapp, Kabir Sardana, Jason B. Sauberan, Joshua K. Schaffzin, Sarah Schillie, Jennifer E. Schuster, Kevin L. Schwartz, Bethany K. Sederdahl, Jose Serpa-Alvarez, Kara N. Shah, Samir S. Shah, Nader Shaikh, Andi L. Shane, Eugene D. Shapiro, Jana Shaw, Avinash K. Shetty, Timothy R. Shope, Linda M. Dairiki Shortliffe, Stanford T. Shulman, Gail F. Shust, George Kelly Siberry, Jane D. Siegel, Robert David Siegel, Kari A. Simonsen, Upinder Singh, Christiana Smith, Lauren L. Smith, Eunkyung Song, Emily Souder, Paul Spearman, Joseph W. St. Geme, Mary Allen Staat, J. Erin Staples, Jeffrey R. Starke, Victoria A. Statler, William J. Steinbach, Christen Rune Stensvold, Erin K. Stokes, Bradley P. Stoner, Gregory A. Storch, Anne Straily, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Douglas S. Swanson, Robert R. Tanz, Gillian Taormina, Jacqueline E. Tate, Jeanette Taveras, Marc Tebruegge, Eyasu H. Teshale, George R. Thompson, Robert Thompson-Stone, Isaac Thomsen, Richard B. Thomson, Emily A. Thorell, Vivian Tien, Nicole H. Tobin, Philip Toltzis, James Treat, Stephanie B. Troy, Russell B. Van Dvke, Louise Elaine Vaz, Vini Vijayan, Jennifer Vodzak, Thor A. Wagner, Ellen R. Wald, Rebecca Wallihan, Huanyu Wang, Zoon Wangu, Matthew Washam, Valerie Waters, Joshua R. Watson, Jill E. Weatherhead, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Mark K. Weng, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Harold C. Wiesenfeld, Cydni Williams, John V. Williams, Rodney E. Willoughby, Robert R. Wittler, James B. Wood, Charles Reece Woods, Kimberly A. Workowski, Terry W. Wright, Hsi-Yang Wu, Huan Xu, Pablo Yagupsky, Jumi Yi, Jonathan Yoder, Edward J. Young, Andrea L. Zaenglein, Petra Zimmermann, and Wenjing Zong

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. 579. Epidemiological Data Differences between Gel-purified vs. DNA-purified Oral Polio Vaccine in environmental samples

Author

Yuan J Carrington, Frank Zhou, Katharine Walter, Sean Leary, Jonathan Altamirano, and Yvonne A Maldonado

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Oncology
Abstract

Background As wild poliovirus is eradicated, preventing circulation of vaccine-derived poliovirus is top priority. Our lab developed real-time multiplex PCR assays and deep sequencing methodology to detect and characterize OPV strains from stool samples. The method requires gel purification of PCR product created from viral RNA in stool samples. However, the process filters out a significant portion of samples. Here, we compare gel- vs. DNA- purification and sample retainment for downstream analysis. Methods 554 stool samples qPCR positive for at least one OPV serotype from a previous study were used. There are 268 serotype 1 (S1) isolates, 405 serotype 2 (S2) isolates, and 318 serotype 3 (S3) isolates. PCR amplicons created from viral RNA ran through a 0.08% agarose gel to identity presence of the ∼3.5kb amplicon of interest. PCR amplicons then underwent either a gel-purification spin column kit or a DNA purification spin column kit. Samples with DNA concentration >10ng/uL in the elution product is required for NGS. Purification Methods Flowchart Graph 1:Gel-purification, DNA-purification, and suggested purification workflow charts Results Comparing 168 S2 samples gel vs. DNA-purified, of 90 bands identified with both protocols, 100% of DNA-purified samples and 35.6% of the gel-purified samples had DNA concentration >10ng/ul. 41.3% of banded samples with < =34CT had >10ng/ul for gel-purified samples vs. 100% for DNA-purified samples. Of 43 pediatric participants, prior OPV and IPV did not impact proportion of number of individuals with viable samples for NGS (16/31 (51.6%) vs 25/43 (58.1%) respectively). Among samples processed via gel purification, the median number of samples per positive participant dropped from 2 (IQR=1-3) to 1 (IQR=1-1). From the same set of samples, gel purification reduced the number of OPV vaccinated children 38 (82.6%), their household contacts 2 (4.3%), and community contacts 6 (13%) to 21 (80.7%) OPV vaccinated children, 1 (3.8%) household contacts, and 4 (15.3%) community contacts. Table 1:Purification outcome of 168 S2 unique-participant-day (UPD) samples via gel-purification and DNA-purificationGraph 2:Demographic information of patient sample loss form the gel-purification process on 168 S2 samples via gel-purification workflow 2a. Sample collection across different days for 90 unique-participant-day (UPD) samples pre gel-purification vs 32 UPD samples post gel-purification. 2b. OPV and IPV does spread per each 43 pediatric unique-participant (UP) from the 90 UPD samples pre gel-purification vs 25 pediatric UP from the 32 UPD post gel-purification. 2c. Vaccination status (OPV vaccinated child, household contact, unvaccinated community contact) of each 43 unique-participant (UP) from the 90UPD samples pre gel-purification vs 25 UP from the 32 UPD post gel-purification. 2d. Number of samples collected per UP fron the 90 UPD samples pre gel-purification vs 32 UPD samples post gel-purification. Graph 3:Demographic information of patient sample loss form the gel-purification process on 168 S2 samples via suggested purification workflow 2a. Sample collection across different days for 75 unique-participant-day (UPD) samples pre gel-purification vs 31 UPD samples post gel-purification. 2b. OPV and IPV does spread per each 38 pediatric unique-participant (UP) from the 75 UPD samples pre gel-purification vs 24 pediatric UP from the 31 UPD post gel-purification. 2c. Vaccination status (OPV vaccinated child, household contact, unvaccinated community contact) of each 41 unique-participant (UP) from the 75UPD samples pre gel-purification vs 25 UP from the 31 UPD post gel-purification. 2d. Number of samples collected per UP fron the 75 UPD samples pre gel-purification vs 31 UPD samples post gel-purification. Conclusion Conclusions: Gel-purification causes a reduction in sample numbers and variation, causing an incomplete data set and data misrepresentation for downstream analysis, particularly a reduction of samples for within host variation analysis. DNA purification of banded samples with < =34CT may be most optimal for NGS. Analysis of all isolates are in process. Disclosures Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Member, DSMB, Pfizer Meningococcal Vaccine clinical trial.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. 1060. Duration of Seroprevalence among Individuals Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2 and their Household Contacts

Author

Jonathan Altamirano, Marcela Lopez, Leanne X Chun, Grace K Tam, India Robinson, Nuzhat Shaikh, Sean Leary, Emma Stainton, Makeda L Robinson, Rasika Behl, Rosita Thiessen, Prasanthi Govindarajan, Andra L Blomkalns, Benjamin A Pinsky, and Yvonne A Maldonado

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Oncology
Abstract

Background Serological tests directed against SARS-CoV-2 can provide information about the timing of infection and immunity against the virus. However, the kinetics of the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly understood. We established a household transmission study to analyze the serological responses within households, to determine longitudinal immune responses to infection. Methods From April 2020 to April 2022, we prospectively enrolled 76 households with at least one RT-PCR confirmed case of COVID-19. Participants were asked to provide blood samples at three time points: at baseline within 2 weeks of the index’s diagnosis of COVID-19, and at one- and three-months post-enrollment. Samples were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein via an FDA EUA approved ELISA. Demographics, medical history, and symptomatology were also collected. Results To date, we have analyzed 238 serologic samples from 135 participants, including 82 baseline samples, 89 one-month samples, and 67 three-month samples. At baseline, 67.8% (n=40/59) of all confirmed cases tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which increased to 86.4% (n=57/66) at the one month, and 85.1% at three months (n=40/47). Of those confirmed infected participants that failed to seroconvert at baseline, almost all reported symptoms (n=14/19, 73.7%) and did not have chronic medical conditions (n=17/19, 89.5%). Of the 19, 3 failed to seroconvert by their third visit. All individuals who were fully vaccinated at the time of each visit tested positive for antibodies at baseline (n=26), one-month (n=27), and three-months (n=20). Of those who were not fully vaccinated, 56 (41.1%) were positive for antibodies at baseline, 62 (59.7%) were positive at one -month, and 47 (63.8%) at three-months. Differences in seropositivity rates between pediatric and adult participants, as well as between index cases and household contacts, at each visit were also identified (Table 1). Conclusion Identifying differences in seroprevalence in various demographic groups can provide insight into longitudinal immune responses post-infection. Future analyses on seropositivity among previously infected individuals who received therapeutics may be of interest. Disclosures Andra L. Blomkalns, MD, MBA, Eli Lilly and Company: Grant/Research Support Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Member, DSMB, Pfizer Meningococcal Vaccine clinical trial.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. 1050. Breath Sample Collection from Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV-2: Biosafety Methodology

Author

Marcela Lopez, Emma Stainton, Leanne X Chun, Grace K Tam, Rosita Thiessen, Yuan J Carrington, Luke Idziak, Ami M Hannon, Youyou Duanmu, Milana Boukhman Trounce, Jonathan Altamirano, Antonio J Ricco, Jing Li, Yvonne A Maldonado, and Prasanthi Govindarajan

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Oncology
Abstract

Background Breath samples collected from patients infected with respiratory viruses are necessary for viral detection using breath analyzer devices. Given the highly transmissible nature of many of these illnesses, sample collection requires a multi-layered approach to ensure the safety of the research staff responsible for obtaining and transporting these samples. Our team established a protocol to minimize exposure to and transmission of COVID-19 when collecting breath samples. Methods We collected breath samples from 64 participants, of which 31 (48.4%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of their visit. Before we started sample collection, biosafety inspection was conducted. We used a five-pronged approach to enhance safety and minimize transmission. First, we collected specimens in an outdoor space while the patients were seated in their vehicles. Second, we used a disposable mouthpiece and a one-way valve to fill a 1L TEDLAR bag. Third, patients were instructed to close the valve tightly before returning it to the staff. Fourth, we placed the bag in secondary containers which were placed in tertiary containers to minimize any contact with aerosols in the TEDLAR bag. In the last step, we placed a portable HEPA filter near the indoor sample processing unit to minimize exposure and air contamination with the samples. Study staff donned all forms of necessary personal protective equipment, including gloves, gowns, N95 respirators, and protective eyewear, during sample collection and transportation. Results A total of 64 breath samples were collected from 64 adult participants from February to March 2022. A total of 30 participants (46.9%) were within 7 days of their initial diagnosis. All participants were able to successfully collect samples without additional resources or attempts. All samples were able to be transported successfully into the lab. No staff contracted COVID-19 during the study period. Conclusion Layered safety measures, including protective equipment, physical barriers, and well-ventilated environments mitigated the risks associated with breath sample collections from infected participants. Disclosures Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Member, DSMB, Pfizer Meningococcal Vaccine clinical trial.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. 1943. Effect of Vaccination on Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Author

Julianne E Burns, Jonathan Altamirano, Jorge Salinas, Clea Sarnquist, Rasika Behl, Rosita Thiessen, Leanne X Chun, Grace K Tam, Marcela Lopez, Emma Stainton, Yuan J Carrington, and Yvonne A Maldonado

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Oncology
Abstract

Background Understanding how COVID-19 vaccination affects transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within households may affect policy and healthcare decisions. We hypothesized that vaccination reduces transmission and viral load in vaccinated household members. Methods We prospectively enrolled participants during March 2020 – October 2021. Index cases (IC) were eligible if they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within the previous 10 days and did not have household contacts (HC) who had tested positive or had symptoms of COVID-19. Participants self-collected anterior nares swabs daily for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR for at least 21 days, or once every member of the household had 7 consecutive negative tests. Baseline data included demographics and self-reported vaccination status. Complete COVID-19 vaccination was defined as receiving 2 doses of Moderna/Pfizer or 1 dose of Johnson & Johnson vaccine, and incomplete vaccination as receiving 1 dose of Moderna/Pfizer vaccine. Household transmission was analyzed via STATA 14.2 using logistic regression with robust standard error clustered by household, and SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold was graphed by day of study enrollment using lowess smoothing. Results There were 60 households with positive ICs and 103 HCs for a total of 163 participants. ICs had median age 41.5 years (range 1–86) with 9 (18.0%) < 18 years. HCs had median age 34 years (range 0–87) with 32 (31.1%) HCs < 18 years. Overall, 33 (20.2%) participants received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. A total of 50 households had at least one HC (median 2, max 7). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred in 45 HCs (43.7%). Odds of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was lower in HCs who were vaccinated prior to study enrollment, though this finding was not statistically significant (Table 1). There were 507 positive SARS-CoV-2 tests collected among 74 participants (Figure 1). Table 1.Household Transmission By COVID-19 Vaccination Status Prior to Study Enrollment (among households with ≥ one household contact)*Using logistic regression with robust standard error, clustered by household. Reference is top group listed in each comparison (includes unvaccinated).CI: Confidence IntervalCompletely vaccinated: Received primary COVID-19 vaccination series (2 doses Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, or 1 dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine) prior to enrollmentIncompletely vaccinated: Received of 1 dose of Pfizer or Moderna vaccine prior to enrollmentUnvaccinated: No COVID-19 vaccines prior to enrollmentFigure 1.SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Over Time by COVID-19 Vaccination Status Completely vaccinated: Received primary COVID-19 vaccination series (2 doses Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, or 1 dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine) prior to enrollment Conclusion Vaccination of HCs may be protective against household SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, analyses were limited due to low numbers of vaccinated study participants. Study enrollment is ongoing, and future analyses will include transmission during the 2022 Omicron surge, and daily symptom data which has been collected. Disclosures Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Member, DSMB, Pfizer Meningococcal Vaccine clinical trial.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Vaccine Exemptions and the Risk of Continued Disease Outbreaks

Author

Yvonne A. Maldonado, Sean O’Leary, and Peter Hotez

Subjects
COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccination Coverage, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, COVID-19, United States, Disease Outbreaks, Risk Factors, Vaccination Refusal, Commentaries, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Measles
Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Announcing the Lancet Commission on Vaccine Refusal, Acceptance, and Demand in the USA

Author

Peter J. Hotez, Rebecca E. Cooney, Regina M. Benjamin, Noel T. Brewer, Alison M. Buttenheim, Timothy Callaghan, Arthur Caplan, Richard M. Carpiano, Chelsea Clinton, Renee DiResta, Jad A. Elharake, Lisa C. Flowers, Alison P. Galvani, Rekha Lakshmanan, Yvonne A. Maldonado, SarahAnn M. McFadden, Michelle M. Mello, Douglas J. Opel, Dorit R. Reiss, Daniel A. Salmon, Jason L. Schwartz, Joshua M. Sharfstein, and Saad B. Omer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), education, Vaccination, General Medicine, Commission, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, United States, Article, Vaccination Refusal, Family medicine, medicine, Vaccine refusal, Humans, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: In 2018, Facebook introduced Ad Archive as a platform to improve transparency in advertisements related to politics and “issues of national importance.” Vaccine-related Facebook advertising is publicly available for the first time. After measles outbreaks in the US brought renewed attention to the possible role of Facebook advertising in the spread of vaccine-related misinformation, Facebook announced steps to limit vaccine-related misinformation. This study serves as a baseline of advertising before new policies went into effect. METHODS: Using the keyword ‘vaccine’, we searched Ad Archive on December 13, 2018 and again on February 22, 2019. We exported data for 505 advertisements. A team of annotators sorted advertisements by content: pro-vaccine, anti-vaccine, not relevant. We also conducted a thematic analysis of major advertising themes. We ran Mann-Whitney U tests to compare ad performance metrics. RESULTS: 309 advertisements were included in analysis with 163 (53%) pro-vaccine advertisements and 145 (47%) anti-vaccine advertisements. Despite a similar number of advertisements, the median number of ads per buyer was significantly higher for anti-vaccine ads. First time buyers are less likely to complete disclosure information and risk ad removal. Thematically, anti-vaccine advertising messages are relatively uniform and emphasize vaccine harms (55%). In contrast, pro-vaccine advertisements come from a diverse set of buyers (83 unique) with varied goals including promoting vaccination (49%), vaccine related philanthropy (15%), and vaccine related policy (14%). CONCLUSIONS: A small set of anti-vaccine advertisement buyers have leveraged Facebook advertisements to reach targeted audiences. By deeming all vaccine-related content an issue of “national importance,” Facebook has further the politicized vaccines. The implementation of a blanket disclosure policy also limits which ads can successfully run on Facebook. Under current policies, improving transparency and limiting misinformation are not separate goals. Public health communication efforts should consider the impact on Facebook users’ vaccine attitudes and behaviors.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Assessment of Bias in Patient Safety Reporting Systems Categorized by Physician Gender, Race and Ethnicity, and Faculty Rank

Author

Élan Burton, Brenda Flores, Barbara Jerome, Michael Baiocchi, Yan Min, Yvonne A. Maldonado, and Magali Fassiotto

Subjects
Adult, Male, Physicians, Ethnicity, Humans, Female, Patient Safety, General Medicine, Faculty, Minority Groups, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Patient safety reporting systems (PSRSs) are designed to decrease the risk of harm to patients due to medical errors. Owing to the voluntary nature of PSRSs, implicit bias of the reporter may affect the management of safety events reported. Stanford Alert For Events (SAFE) is the PSRS used at Stanford Health Care.To examine whether variation exists in the content of SAFE reports based on demographic characteristics of physicians who are the subject of the event report.This retrospective qualitative analysis from a single academic medical center evaluated SAFE reports from March 2011 to February 2020. Event reports were coded by theme and categorized by severity (scale of 1 to 3, with 1 being the lowest and 3 the highest). The reports were then analyzed from October 2020 to February 2022 and categorized by physician gender, race and ethnicity, and faculty rank. A total of 501 patient safety events were collected from the adult hospital during the study period, and 100 were excluded owing to incompleteness of information.This qualitative study had no planned outcome.A qualitative analysis was performed on 401 reports representing 187 physicians (138 [73.8%] male and 49 [26.2%] female). In terms of race and ethnicity, 4 physicians (2.1%) were African American, 49 (26.2%) were Asian; 7 (3.7%), Hispanic or Latinx; 108 (57.7%), White; and 19 (10.2%), declined to state. Female physicians had disproportionate representation among reports referencing communication and conversational issues and the lowest severity level. Male physicians had disproportionate representation for ignoring or omitting procedures, process issues, and physical intimidation. African American physicians had disproportionate representation for lack of communication and process issues. Asian physicians had disproportionate representation for lack of communication, process issues, conversational conduct, and the lowest severity level. Latinx physicians had disproportionate representation for conversational conduct. White physicians had disproportionate representation for ignoring or omitting procedures, verbal abuse, physical intimidation, and the highest severity level.In this qualitative study, female physicians and physicians who were members of racial and ethnic minority groups were more likely to be reported for low-severity communication issues compared with their male and White counterparts, respectively. These findings suggest that there may be a lower threshold for reporting events when the subject of the report is female and/or a member of a racial or ethnic minority group. Restructuring the reporting and management of patient safety events may be needed to facilitate conflict resolution in a manner that reduces implicit bias and fosters team cohesion.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Polioviruses

Author

Stephanie B. Troy and Yvonne A. Maldonado

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine
Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Contributors

Author

Mark J. Abzug, Elisabeth E. Adderson, Allison L. Agwu, Kevin Alby, Grace M. Aldrovandi, Upton D. Allen, Gerardo Alvarez-Hernández, Krow Ampofo, Evan J. Anderson, Margot Anderson, Stella Antonara, Monica I. Ardura, Paul M. Arguin, John C. Arnold, Naomi E. Aronson, Ann M. Arvin, Shai Ashkenazi, Edwin J. Asturias, Vahe Badalyan, Carol J. Baker, Karthik Balakrishnan, Brittany S. Barros, William J. Barson, Daniel G. Bausch, Kirsten Bechtel, Daniel K. Benjamin, David M. Berman, David A. Blanco, Karen C. Bloch, Margaret J. Blythe, Joseph A. Bocchini, Anna Bowen, William R. Bowie, Thomas G. Boyce, John S. Bradley, Michael T. Brady, Denise F. Bratcher, Paula K. Braverman, Joseph Bresee, Itzhak Brook, Kevin E. Brown, Kristina Bryant, E. Stephen Buescher, Jane L. Burns, Carrie L. Byington, Andres F. Camacho-Gonzalez, Paul Cantey, Bryan D. Carter, Mary T. Caserta, Luis A. Castagnini, Chiara Cerini, Ellen Gould Chadwick, Silvia S. Chiang, John C. Christenson, Susan E. Coffin, Melissa G. Collier, Jennifer P. Collins, Laurie S. Conklin, Beverly L. Connelly, Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis, James H. Conway, Margaret M. Cortese, Elaine G. Cox, C. Buddy Creech, Jonathan D. Crews, Dennis J. Cunningham, Nigel Curtis, Natalie J.M. Dailey, Lara A. Danziger-Isakov, Toni Darville, Gregory A. Dasch, Irini Daskalaki, Robert S. Daum, Michael Davenport, H. Dele Davies, Fatimah S. Dawood, J. Christopher Day, Maite de la Morena, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison, Gregory P. DeMuri, Dickson D. Despommier, Karen A. Diefenbach, Kathryn M. Edwards, Morven S. Edwards, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Dirk M. Elston, Beth Emerson, Moshe Ephros, Guliz Erdem, Marina E. Eremeeva, Jessica E. Ericson, Douglas H. Esposito, Monica M. Farley, Anat R. Feingold, Kristina N. Feja, Adam Finn, Marc Fischer, Patricia M. Flynn, LeAnne M. Fox, Michael M. Frank, Douglas R. Fredrick, Robert W. Frenck, Sheila Fallon Friedlander, Hayley A. Gans, Gregory M. Gauthier, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Francis Gigliotti, Mark A. Gilger, Carol A. Glaser, Amanda F. Goddard, Benjamin D. Gold, Jane M. Gould, Michael Green, David Greenberg, Tanya Greywal, Daniel Griffin, Patricia M. Griffin, Alexei A. Grom, Kathleen Gutierrez, Julie Gutman, Judith A. Guzman-Cottrill, Aron J. Hall, Jin-Young Han, Marvin B. Harper, Julie R. Harris, Christopher J. Harrison, David B. Haslam, Sarah J. Hawkes, J. Owen Hendley, Marion C.W. Henry, Joseph A. Hilinski, Susan L. Hills, Scott D. Holmberg, Deborah Holtzman, David K. Hong, Peter J. Hotez, Katherine K. Hsu, David A. Hunstad, Loris Y. Hwang, Mary Anne Jackson, Richard F. Jacobs, Ravi Jhaveri, Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková, Jeffrey L. Jones, Mahima Karki, M. Gary Karlowicz, Ben Z. Katz, Ishminder Kaur, Gilbert J. Kersh, Jay S. Keystone, Muhammad Ali Khan, David W. Kimberlin, Martin B. Kleiman, Bruce S. Klein, Karl Klontz, Barbara Knust, Andrew Y. Koh, E. Kent Korgenski, Paul Krogstad, Preeta Krishnan Kutty, Christine T. Lauren, Hillary S. Lawrence, Amy Leber, Grace M. Lee, Eugene Leibovitz, Eyal Leshem, Stéphanie Levasseur, David B. Lewis, Robyn A. Livingston, Eloisa Llata, Sarah S. Long, Ben A. Lopman, Yalda C. Lucero, Jorge Luján-Zilbermann, Katherine Luzuriaga, Noni E. MacDonald, Yvonne A. Maldonado, John Manaloor, Chitra S. Mani, Kalpana Manthiram, Gary S. Marshall, Stacey W. Martin, Almea Matanock, Catalina Matiz, Alison C. Mawle, Tony Mazzulli, Kathleen A. McGann, Kenneth McIntosh, Lucy A. McNamara, Michal Meir, Debrah Meislich, H. Cody Meissner, Elissa Meites, Asunción Mejías, Jussi Mertsola, Kevin Messacar, Mohammed Nael Mhaissen, Marian G. Michaels, Melissa B. Miller, Eric D. Mintz, John F. Modlin, Parvathi Mohan, Susan P. Montgomery, José G. Montoya, Pedro L. Moro, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, R. Lawrence Moss, Angela L. Myers, Simon Nadel, Michael N. Neely, Karen P. Neil, Joanna Nelson, Noele P. Nelson, William L. Nicholson, Victor Nizet, Amy Jo Nopper, Theresa J. Ochoa, Walter A. Orenstein, Miguel O'Ryan, Christopher D. Paddock, Harpreet Pall, Suresh Kumar Panuganti, Diane E. Pappas, Robert F. Pass, Thomas F. Patterson, Monica E. Patton, Stephen I. Pelton, Brett W. Petersen, Larry K. Pickering, Swetha Pinninti, Paul J. Planet, Andrew J. Pollard, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Casper S. Poulsen, Susan M. Poutanen, Ann M. Powers, Charles G. Prober, Octavio Ramilo, Shawn J. Rangel, Suchitra Rao, Sarah A. Rawstron, Jennifer S. Read, Michael D. Reed, Ryan F. Relich, Megan E. Reller, Neil Rellosa, Katherine A. Rempe, Melissa A. Reyes, Samuel E. Rice-Townsend, Frank O. Richards, José R. Romero, David A. Rosen, Christina A. Rostad, G. Ingrid J.G. Rours, Janell A. Routh, Anne H. Rowley, Lorry G. Rubin, Edward T. Ryan, Lisa Saiman, Julia S. Sammons, Laura Sass, Jason B. Sauberan, Sarah Schillie, Grant S. Schulert, Jennifer E. Schuster, Kevin L. Schwartz, Bethany K. Sederdahl, Jose A. Serpa, Kara N. Shah, Samir S. Shah, Andi L. Shane, Eugene D. Shapiro, Jana Shaw, Avinash K. Shetty, Linda M. Dairiki, George Kelly Siberry, Jane D. Siegel, Robert David Siegel, Kari A. Simonsen, Nalini Singh, Upinder Singh, P. Brian Smith, John D. Snyder, Eunkyung Song, Jennifer L. Sorrell, Emily Souder, Joseph W. St. Geme, Mary Allen Staat, J. Erin Staples, Jeffrey R. Starke, William J. Steinbach, Christen R. Stensvold, Bradley P. Stoner, Raymond A. Strikas, Jonathan B. Strober, Paul K. Sue, Deanna A. Sutton, Douglas Swanson, Jacqueline E. Tate, Marc Tebruegge, Eyasu H. Teshale, Amelia B. Thompson, George R. Thompson, Robert Thompson-Stone, Richard B. Thomson, Emily A. Thorell, Nicole H. Tobin, Philip Toltzis, James Treat, Stephanie B. Troy, Russell B. Van, Louise Elaine Vaz, Jennifer Vodzak, Ellen R. Wald, Rebecca Wallihan, Zoon Wangu, Matthew Washam, Joshua R. Watson, Rachel L. Wattier, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, A. Clinton White, Harold C. Wiesenfeld, John V. Williams, Rodney E. Willoughby, Sarah L. Wingerter, Robert R. Wittler, Karen K. Wong, Kimberly A. Workowski, Terry W. Wright, Pablo Yagupsky, Catherine Yen, Jumi Yi, Jonathan S. Yoder, Edward J. Young, Andrea L. Zaenglein, and Kanecia Zimmerman

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Pediatric public health

Author

Yvonne E, Maldonado

Subjects
Pediatric Dentistry, Humans, Medically Underserved Area, Professional Practice, Public Health Dentistry, Texas
Published
2014

28. Temporal trends in mucocutaneous findings among human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected children in a population-based cohort

Author

David R. Berk, Andrew Anglemyer, Yvonne A. Maldonado, and Amy S. Sturt

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Mucocutaneous zone, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), First year of life, Dermatitis, HIV Infections, Dermatology, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Population based cohort, Candidiasis, Oral, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, business.industry, Coinfection, virus diseases, Infant, medicine.disease, Antiretroviral therapy, Virus Diseases, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, Immunology, HIV-1, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) mucocutaneous manifestations in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We conducted population-based, prospective, multicenter pediatric HIV-1 surveillance in 276 children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 from 1988 to 2009. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-defined HIV-1 related mucocutaneous conditions among the 276 children were: category A (n = 152), B (n = 60), and C (n = 1). Nearly half of the category A and B diagnoses (43.4% [66/152] and 35.0% [21/60], respectively) occurred in the first year of life, with 59.2% (90/152) and 61.7% (37/60), respectively, occurring in the first 2 years of life. The most frequent infectious diagnosis was oropharyngeal thrush (n = 117, 42.4%); the most common inflammatory diagnosis was diaper dermatitis (n = 71, 25.7%). There was a temporal decline in the prevalence of A (pre-HAART cohort, 123; post-HAART cohort, 29; p < 0.01) and B (pre-HAART, 55; post-HAART, 5; p < 0.01) mucocutaneous diagnoses. In children with perinatal HIV-1, there was a significant decline in CDC category A and B mucocutaneous diagnoses by temporal cohort, consistent with the introduction of antiretroviral medications and HAART. Clinical category A and B mucocutaneous diagnoses were most common in the first 2 years of life, emphasizing the importance of early HIV-1 testing and HAART initiation.

Published
2012

30. Contributors

Author

Elisabeth E. Adderson, Aarti Agarwal, Grace M. Aldrovandi, Upton D. Allen, Manuel R. Amieva, Krow Ampofo, Alicia D. Anderson, Margot Anderson, Paul M. Arguin, John C. Arnold, Ann M. Arvin, Shai Ashkenazi, Carol J. Baker, William J. Barson, Daniel G. Bausch, Kirsten Bechtel, Daniel K. Benjamin, Frank E. Berkowitz, Margaret J. Blythe, Joseph A. Bocchini, Michael Boeckh, Anna Bowen, William R. Bowie, Thomas G. Boyce, John S. Bradley, Michael T. Brady, Denise F. Bratcher, Paula K. Braverman, Caroline Breese Hall, Joseph S. Bresee, Itzhak Brook, Kristina Bryant, E. Stephen Buescher, Jane L. Burns, Gale R. Burstein, Carrie L. Byington, Kathy K. Byrd, Michael Cappello, Bryan D. Carter, Emily J. Cartwright, Mary T. Caserta, Chiara Cerini, Ellen Gould Chadwick, Beth Cheesebrough, P. Joan Chesney, John C. Christenson, Thomas G. Cleary, Susan E. Coffin, Laura M. Conklin, Laurie S. Conklin, Beverly L. Connelly, Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis, James H. Conway, Margaret M. Cortese, C. Michael Cotten, Elaine Cox, Maryanne E. Crockett, James E. Crowe, Nigel Curtis, Dennis J. Cunningham, Linda Marie Dairiki Shortliffe, Toni Darville, Gregory A. Dasch, Irini Daskalaki, Robert S. Daum, Fatimah S. Dawood, Gail J. Demmler, Dickson D. Despommier, Karen A. Diefenbach, Christopher C. Dvorak, Kathryn M. Edwards, Morven S. Edwards, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Dirk M. Elston, Janet A. Englund, Veronique Erard, Marina E. Eremeeva, Anat R. Feingold, Adam Finn, Anthony E. Fiore, Marc Fischer, Sarah J. Fitch, Patricia M. Flynn, LeAnne M. Fox, Michael M. Frank, Douglas R. Fredrick, Sheila Fallon Friedlander, Hayley A. Gans, Carla G. Garcia, Maria C. Garzon, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Michael D. Geschwind, Laura B. Gieraltowski, Francis Gigliotti, Peter H. Gilligan, Carol Glaser, Benjamin D. Gold, Brahm Goldstein, Jane M. Gould, Michael Green, David Greenberg, Patricia M. Griffin, Alexei A. Grom, Kathleen Gutierrez, Judith A. Guzman-Cottrill, Aron J. Hall, Marvin B. Harper, Christopher J. Harrison, David B. Haslam, Sarah J. Hawkes, Edward B. Hayes, Rohan Hazra, Sara Jane Heilig, J. Owen Hendley, Marion C.W. Henry, Joseph A. Hilinski, Scott D. Holmberg, Deborah Holtzman, Peter J. Hotez, Katherine K. Hsu, Dale J. Hu, Loris Y. Hwang, David Y. Hyun, Mary Anne Jackson, Richard F. Jacobs, Jeffrey L. Jones, Saleem Kamili, M. Gary Karlowicz, Ben Z. Katz, Gilbert J. Kersh, Laura M. Kester, Jay S. Keystone, David W. Kimberlin, Martin B. Kleiman, Mark W. Kline, Andrew Y. Koh, Andreas Konstantopoulos, Katalin I. Koranyi, E. Kent Korgenski, Andrew T. Kroger, Paul Krogstad, Christine T. Lauren, Hillary S. Lawrence, Eugene Leibovitz, Stéphanie Levasseur, David B. Lewis, Jay M. Lieberman, Jen-Jane Liu, Robyn A. Livingston, Eloisa Llata, Anagha R. Loharikar, Sarah S. Long, Ben A. Lopman, Bennett Lorber, Donald E. Low, Yalda C. Lucero, Jorge Luján-Zilbermann, Katherine Luzuriaga, Noni E. MacDonald, Adam MacNeil, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Chitra S. Mani, Mario J. Marcon, Gary S. Marshall, Stacey W. Martin, Catalina Matiz, Alison C. Mawle, Tony Mazzulli, George H. McCracken, Matthew B. McDonald, Robert S. McGregor, Kenneth McIntosh, Meredith McMorrow, Candice McNeil, Jennifer H. McQuiston, Debrah Meislich, H. Cody Meissner, Asunción Mejías, Manoj P. Menon, Jussi Mertsola, Marian G. Michaels, Melissa B. Miller, Eric D. Mintz, John F. Modlin, Parvathi Mohan, Susan P. Montgomery, Jose G. Montoya, Zack S. Moore, Maite de la Morena, Pedro L. Moro, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, R. Lawrence Moss, Trudy V. Murphy, Dennis L. Murray, Angela L. Myers, Simon Nadel, James P. Nataro, Michael N. Neely, William L. Nicholson, Victor Nizet, Amy Jo Nopper, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Theresa J. Ochoa, Miguel O’Ryan, Walter A. Orenstein, Christopher D. Paddock, Diane E. Pappas, Robert F. Pass, Thomas F. Patterson, Stephen I. Pelton, Larry K. Pickering, Caroline Diane Sarah Piggott, Philip A. Pizzo, Andrew J. Pollard, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Susan M. Poutanen, Dwight A. Powell, Alice S. Prince, Charles G. Prober, Octavio Ramilo, Shawn J. Rangel, Sarah A. Rawstron, Jennifer S. Read, Michael D. Reed, Joanna J. Regan, Megan E. Reller, Melissa A. Reyes, Peter A. Rice, Samuel E. Rice-Townsend, Frank O. Richards, Gail L. Rodgers, Pierre E. Rollin, José R. Romero, G. Ingrid J.G. Rours, Anne H. Rowley, Sharon L. Roy, Lorry G. Rubin, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios, Lisa Saiman, Laura Sass, Jason B. Sauberan, Peter M. Schantz, Eileen Schneider, Gordon E. Schutze, Benjamin Schwartz, Heidi Schwarzwald, Kara N. Shah, Samir S. Shah, Andi L. Shane, Craig A. Shapiro, Eugene D. Shapiro, Umid M. Sharapov, Jana Shaw, George Kelly Siberry, Jane D. Siegel, Robert David Siegel, Nalini Singh, Upinder Singh, P. Brian Smith, John D. Snyder, David E. Soper, Mary Allen Staat, J. Erin Staples, Jeffrey R. Starke, William J. Steinbach, Ina Stephens, Joseph W. St. Geme, Bradley P. Stoner, Jonathan B. Strober, Kanta Subbarao, Deanna A. Sutton, Douglas Swanson, Leonel T. Takada, Jacqueline E. Tate, Robert V. Tauxe, Marc Tebruegge, Eyasu H. Teshale, George R. Thompson, Herbert A. Thompson, Richard B. Thomson, Emily A. Thorell, Rania A. Tohme, Robert W. Tolan, Philip Toltzis, James Treat, Stephanie B. Troy, Russell B. Van Dyke, Jorge J. Velarde, Jennifer Vodzak, Ellen R. Wald, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, A. Clinton White, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Harold C. Wiesenfeld, John V. Williams, Roxanne E. Williams, Rodney E. Willoughby, Craig M. Wilson, Sarah L. Wingerter, Jerry A. Winkelstein, Kimberly A. Workowski, Terry W. Wright, Pablo Yagupsky, Nada Yazigi, Catherine Yen, Edward J. Young, Andrea L. Zaenglein, and Theoklis E. Zaoutis

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Less Common Protozoan and Helminth Infections

Author

Yvonne A. Maldonado

Subjects
Fetus, Helminth infections, business.industry, Developing country, Transplacental, Schistosomiasis, Biology, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Placenta, Immunology, Medicine, business, Developed country, Malaria
Abstract

Parasitic infections are highly prevalent in many developing areas of the world and may be common among pregnant women in developed countries. The placenta serves as an effective barrier, even in infections such as malaria and schistosomiasis in which systemic involvement and hematogenous spread are common. Although transplacental infections of the fetus are uncommon, the prevalence of parasitic infections among infants younger than 1 month is high in developing countries, and infections occur primarily through transmission during or shortly after birth.

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Preface

Author

Jack S. Remington, Jerome O. Klein, Christopher B. Wilson, Victor Nizet, and Yvonne A. Maldonado

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

35. Impact of fetal and neonatal viral (and parasitic) infections on later development and disease outcome

Author

Yvonne A, Maldonado

Subjects
Male, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy Outcome, Viral Load, Risk Assessment, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Child Development, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic, Infant Mortality, Humans, Female, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Fetal Death
Abstract

It is estimated that there are 4 million neonatal deaths and an equal number of stillbirths annually, the majority in the developing world. Neonatal deaths account for one third of deaths in children less than 5 years of age, and at least one third of neonatal deaths are related to infections. Infections also account for 80% of deaths in the postneonatal period through 5 years of age. There are several viral and parasitic infections which produce fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Neonatal infections occur during one or more perinatal periods: in utero (congenital), intrapartum (during labor and delivery), and early or late postpartum. Here the term perinatal refers to all of these stages of fetal or neonatal infections. The mechanisms of perinatal viral and parasitic infections vary depending on the specific pathogen, however, all begin with maternal infection. Following maternal infection, organisms may produce indirect placental infection with or without fetal infection, direct fetal or neonatal infection, or primary maternal infection and subsequent perinatal sequelae without either placental or fetal infection. Some pathogens may produce infections by more than one mechanism. This brief report will provide an overview of the pathogenesis, general outcomes, and known pathogens associated with perinatal viral and parasitic infections.

Published
2008

37. Rubella Virus

Author

Yvonne A. Maldonado

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, Rubella virus, business, medicine.disease_cause, Virology
Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Contributors

Author

Elisabeth E. Adderson, Felice C. Adler-Shohet, Manuel R. Amieva, Gregory L. Armstrong, Wences Arvelo, Ann M. Arvin, David M. Asher, Shai Ashkenazi, Kevin A. Ault, Carol J. Baker, William J. Barson, Beth P. Bell, Michael J. Bell, Daniel K. Benjamin, Stephanie R. Bialek, Margaret J. Blythe, Joseph A. Bocchini, Michael Boeckh, William A. Bower, Kenneth M. Boyer, Christopher R. Braden, John S. Bradley, Michael T. Brady, Denise Bratcher, Paula K. Braverman, Joseph S. Bresee, Itzhak Brook, Kevin E. Brown, John C. Browning, Steven C. Buckingham, E. Stephen Buescher, Jane L. Burns, Michael Cappello, Bryan D. Carter, Ellen Gould Chadwick, Patricia Joan Chesney, James E. Childs, John C. Christenson, Thomas G. Cleary, Susan E. Coffin, Beverly L. Connelly, C. Michael Cotton, Elaine Cox, Robert Andrew Cramer, Maryanne E. Crockett, James E. Crowe, Dennis J. Cunningham, Toni Darville, Gregory A. Dasch, Robert S. Daum, Maite de la Morena, Gail J. Demmler, Dickson D. Despommier, Karen A. Diefenbach, Elidia Dominguez, Stephen M. Downs, Christopher C. Dvorak, Kathryn Edwards, Morven S. Edwards, Janet A. Englund, Véronique Erard, Marina E. Eremeeva, Lyn Finelli, Adam Finn, Anthony E. Fiore, Marc Fischer, Sarah J. Fitch, Patricia M. Flynn, J. Dennis Fortenberry, LeAnne M. Fox, David O. Freedman, Hayley A. Gans, Michael A. Gerber, Francis Gigliotti, Peter Gilligan, Benjamin D. Gold, David L. Goldman, Brahm Goldstein, Susan T. Goldstein, Jane M. Gould, Michael Green, Sharon K. Greene, Mark J. Greenwald, Alexei A. Grom, Leigh B. Grossman, Marta A. Guerra, Kathleen Gutierrez, Judith A. Guzman-Cottrill, Caroline Breese Hall, Marvin B. Harper, David B. Haslam, Edward B. Hayes, J. Owen Hendley, Kelly J. Henrickson, Marion C.W. Henry, Joseph A. Hilinski, Peter J. Hotez, David L. Ingram, Mary Anne Jackson, Richard F. Jacobs, M. Gary Karlowicz, Ben Z. Katz, Jay S. Keystone, David W. Kimberlin, Martin B. Kleiman, Jerome O. Klein, Mark W. Kline, Andrew Y. Koh, Katalin I. Koranyi, E. Kent Korgenski, Robert J. Leggiadro, Moise L. Levy, David B. Lewis, Jay M. Lieberman, Abhijit Limaye, Jacob A. Lohr, Bennett Lorber, Sarah S. Long, Donald E. Low, Gina Lowell, Elizabeth Lowenthal, Jorge Lujan-Zilbermann, Katherine Luzuriaga, Noni E. MacDonald, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Chitra S. Mani, John F. Marcinak, Mario J. Marcon, Gary S. Marshall, Stacey W. Martin, Robert F. Massung, Eric E. Mast, Tony Mazzulli, George H. McCracken, Robert S. McGregor, Kenneth McIntosh, Catherine A. McLean, Rima McLeod, Julia A. McMillan, Jennifer H. McQuiston, H. Cody Meissner, Manoj P. Menon, Marian G. Michaels, Melissa B. Miller, Juan Carlos Millon, John F. Modlin, Matthew R. Moore, Zack S. Moore, Mary M. Moran, Pedro L. Moro, R. Lawrence Moss, Dennis L. Murray, Simon Nadel, James P. Nataro, Michael N. Neely, Victor Nizet, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Ann-Christine Nyquist, Theresa J. Ochoa, Sara M. O'Hara, Walter A. Orenstein, Eduardo Ortega-Barria, Gary D. Overturf, Christopher D. Paddock, John A. Painter, Diane E. Pappas, Monica E. Parise, Robert F. Pass, Thomas F. Patterson, Andrew T. Pavia, Stephen I. Pelton, Georges Peter, Timothy R. Peters, William A. Petri, Larry K. Pickering, Philip A. Pizzo, Andrew J. Pollard, Susan M. Poutanen, Dwight A. Powell, Alice S. Prince, Charles G. Prober, Shawn J. Rangel, Sarah Anne Rawstron, Michael D. Reed, Megan E. Reller, Frank O. Richards, Gail L. Rodgers, Luz I. Romero, Harley A. Rotbart, Anne H. Rowley, Lorry G. Rubin, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios, Xavier Sáez-Llorens, Lisa Saiman, Jason B. Sauberan, Mark H. Sawyer, Peter M. Schantz, Theresa A. Schlager, Gordon E. Schutze, Benjamin Schwartz, Richard H. Schwartz, Heidi Schwarzwald, Samir S. Shah, Andi L. Shane, Eugene D. Shapiro, Avinash K. Shetty, Jane D. Siegel, Robert D. Siegel, Walter E.B. Sipe, Jacek Skarbinski, P. Brian Smith, John D. Snyder, Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi, Mary Allen Staat, Jeffrey R. Starke, William J. Steinbach, Ina Stephens, Joseph W. St. Geme, Kanta Subbarao, John L. Sullivan, Deanna A. Sutton, Madeline Y. Sutton, David L. Swerdlow, Robert V. Tauxe, Herbert A. Thompson, Richard B. Thomson, Emily A. Thorell, James K. Todd, Philip Toltzis, Theodore F. Tsai, Ellen R. Wald, Richard J. Wallace, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Avery H. Weiss, A. Clinton White, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Ian T. Williams, John V. Williams, Rodney E. Willoughby, Craig M. Wilson, Jerry A. Winkelstein, Kimberly Workowski, Terry W. Wright, Nada Yazigi, Ram Yogev, Edward J. Young, and Theoklis E. Zaoutis

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Contributors

Author

Stuart P. Adler, Charles A. Alford, Ann M. Arvin, Carol J. Baker, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Catherine M. Bendel, Robert Bortolussi, John S. Bradley, William Britt, James D. Cherry, Thomas G. Cleary, Louis Z. Cooper, Carl T. D’Angio, Toni Darville, Jill K. Davies, Georges Desmonts, Morven S. Edwards, Joanne E. Embree, Roberto P. Garofalo, Michael A. Gerber, Anne A. Gershon, Ronald S. Gibbs, Kathleen M. Gutierrez, R. Doug Hardy, Joan A. Heath, David Ingall, Jerome O. Klein, William C. Koch, David B. Lewis, Sarah S. Long, Timothy L. Mailman, Yvonne A. Maldonado, George H. McCracken, Rima McLeod, Julia A. McMillan, Michael J. Miller, James P. Nataro, Victor Nizet, Pearay L. Ogra, Rachel C. Orscheln, Miguel L. O’Ryan, Gary D. Overturf, Debra L. Palazzi, Octavio Ramilo, David K. Rassin, Jack S. Remington, Xavier Sáez-Llorens, Joseph W. St. Geme, Pablo J. Sanchez, Eugene D. Shapiro, Henry R. Shinefield, Sergio Stagno, Jeffrey R. Starke, Barbara J. Stoll, Philippe Thulliez, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Richard J. Whitley, Christopher B. Wilson, and Danielle M. Zerr

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. Transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria in San Diego County, California, 1986

Author

Michele M. Ginsberg, Keith McBarron, Eugenia Orellana, Carlos C. Campbell, Bernard L. Nahlen, Moise Mizrahi, Ronald R. Roberto, Hans O. Lobel, and Yvonne A. Maldonado

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Plasmodium vivax, Antibodies, Protozoan, California, law.invention, Disease Outbreaks, Cohort Studies, law, Risk Factors, Virology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Risk factor, Mexico, Transients and Migrants, biology, Outbreak, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Insect Vectors, Malaria, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Culicidae, Vector (epidemiology), Parasitology, Plasmodium vivax Malaria, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract

Between 18 June and 20 September 1986, 28 cases of Plasmodium vivax malaria were documented in Carlsbad, California, a coastal town north of San Diego. Malaria occurred in 1 local resident who had no risk factors, a second local resident who had traveled to a malarious area 9 months earlier, and 26 Mexican migrant workers (MWs). Among the 28 cases, 27 lived in a square mile marshy area where Anopheles hermsi, a newly described American species of the Anopheles maculipennis group, was known to be breeding. An investigation of MWs residing in the affected area was done to determine the extent of the outbreak and to identify risk factors for acquiring malaria. We interviewed and drew blood from 304 healthy MWs and 17 (65%) of the MWs with malaria. Fluorescent antibody titers to P. vivax greater than or equal to 1:256 occurred in 14 (82%) of the 17 MWs with malaria tested and 9 (3%) of the healthy MWs. The principal risk factor identified for contracting malaria was sleeping outside on a hillside adjacent to the marshy area. Malaria in a local resident with no malaria risk factors and the clustering in time and place of 26 cases suggest that P. vivax malaria was introduced and local transmission was sustained through several generations, producing the largest outbreak of introduced malaria in the United States since 1952.

Published
1990

44. Correction

Author

Yvonne A. Maldonado

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology
Published
1990
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Acute Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Ali Rostami, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Despina G Contopoulos-Ioannidis, H Ray Gamble, Yadolah Fakhri, Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Masoud Foroutan, Hamed Behniafar, Ali Taghipour, Yvonne A Maldonado, Ali H Mokdad, and Robin B Gasser

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

BACKGROUND:Acute Toxoplasma infection (ATI) during pregnancy, if left untreated, can cause severe adverse outcomes for the fetus and newborn. Here, we undertook a meta-analysis to estimate the worldwide prevalence of ATI in pregnant women. METHODS:We searched international databases for studies published between January 1988 and November 2018. We included population-based cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies that reported the prevalence of ATI in pregnant women. Data were synthesized using a random effect model to calculate the overall prevalence of ATI (with a 95% CI) in six WHO regions and globally. We also performed linear meta-regression analyses to investigate associations of maternal, socio-demographic, geographical and climate parameters with the prevalence of ATI. RESULTS:In total, 217 studies comprising 902,228 pregnant women across 74 countries were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of ATI in pregnant women globally was 1.1% (95% CI: 0.9-1.2%). In studies where more strict criteria for ATI were used, the overall prevalence was 0.6% (95% CI: 0.4-0.7%). The prevalence was highest in the Eastern Mediterranean region (2.5%; 95%CI: 1.7-3.4%) and lowest in the European region (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.4-0.7%). A significantly higher prevalence of ATI was found in countries with lower income levels (P = 0.027), lower human development indices (P = 0.04), higher temperatures (P = 0.02) and lower latitudes (P = 0.005) and longitudes (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS:The risk of acquiring ATI during gestation is clinically important and preventive measures to avoid exposure of pregnant women to Toxoplasma infection should be strictly applied.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results