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BACKGROUND Laboratory screening of blood donors for malaria has not been routinely performed in Indonesia. Current policy and practice simply exclude donors based on a history of active clinical malaria. This study was aimed to evaluate laboratory screening tests for malaria among blood donors in an endemic area of Indonesia. METHODS The study was conducted on 550 consecutive blood samples withdrawn from volunteer donors at the Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit in Ambon city using microscopic and rapid diagnostic tests for antigen as well as for antibody. Furthermore, 248 of those 550 samples were also tested for the presence of malaria DNA using 18S rRNA marker. Statistical analysis was done descriptively using SPSS software version 15 (SPSS Inc., USA). RESULTS The overall malaria positivity rate among the donors was 4.5% (25/550). None of the specimens tested using microscopy or rapid test for malaria antigen assay were positive. However 22 (4.0%) samples were positive for malaria antibody against Plasmodium falciparum; while 3 (1.2%) were positive by PCR. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory testing for blood donors may be used to prevent transfusiontransmitted malaria in an endemic area of Indonesia.

To investigate the blood supply contribution of older donors in five Asia Pacific regions.Older people are often the largest blood user group. Thus, as the population ages blood supply needs increase. Minimum and maximum donation age criteria potentially constrain the size of the donor pool.Haemoglobin values and demographic frequency analytics (sex, age and blood type) were analysed on blood donors aged 60 years or more, from Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore and South Korea over 12 months.Data on 434357 donations was analysed. ABO Rh(D) frequencies of older donors matched that of national frequencies. Older donors were a disproportionately smaller proportion of the total donor pool for each country. Indonesia was the only region with no maximum age limit. Median haemoglobin for older males ranged from 14.2 to 14.8 g/dl and for females 13.1 to 13.9 g/dl. The frequency of female donors was between 15% and 33% of older donors. Older donors had higher donation frequency and lower deferral rates.Older donors are loyal and regular donors but under-represented in all regions studied. They could help meet future blood supply needs, especially post-menopausal female donors. Studies including ferritin levels are needed to determine if upper age limits can be safely modified.

Indonesia has not conduct regular screening test of CMV infection due to the lack of seropositive prevelance data information. However, seronegative CMV results is not an indicator of safe blood for transfusion, so that another test that serves as confirmation test for CMV DNA is required. The aim of this study is to obtain prevalence data of CMV IgG antibody positive, the prevalence of CMV DNA positive and to determine the effect of CMV IgG titers against CMV DNA in blood donors in UTD PMI DKI Jakarta. Cross-sectional method was used to test 113 blood donor samples which have met inclusion criteria. Screening for CMV IgG antibody was held using indirect method chemiluminescence immunoassay (ChLIA) by Liason® XL 10050 Chemiluminescence Analyzer and CMV DNA analysis using qPCR method for the detection of CMV UL 54 with a tool Roche Light Cycler 480 II. Results indicate positive prevalence of IgG CMV in 111 samples (98.23%), and negative CMV IgG in 2 samples (1.77%). Prevalence of CMV DNA positive donors is one sample (0.88%), 112 negative CMV DNA samples (99.12%) and Fisher's test results {P (0.982)> α (0.05)} showed no significant association between CMV IgG status with CMV DNA. CONCLUSIONS: UTD DKI Jakarta has a high prevalence of CMV IgG with low prevalence of CMV DNA.

Background: This study was aimed to determine the frequency of thalassemia and Hb variant in blood donor. In addition, we also wanted to know the quality of blood from the donor up to seven days of storage, by calculating percentage of hemolysis in vitro.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 blood donor specimens at Red Cross Blood Centre Unit in Jakarta. All specimens were tested for thalassemia and Hb variant by complete blood count (CBC) and Hb analysis with HPLC method and DNA analysis for the detection of α thalassemia carrier. To analyze the quality of stored blood, the calculation of hemolytic rate of red blood cells (RBCs) on whole blood (WB) was compared between the first and seventh days of storage.Results: Out of the 138 specimens, 5 samples (3.6%) were diagnosed for α thalassemia carrier in which, one of them is co-inherited with ovalositosis hereditary (Southeast Asian Ovalositosis/SAO), 3 samples (2.2%) for β thalassemia carrier, and 3 samples (2.2%) for Hb E. Meanwhile, the hemolytic rates of RBCs on WB in first day and seven day of storage were below one percent.Conclusion: The frequency of thalassemia carrier and Hb variants in blood donors at Red Cross Blood Centre Unit in Jakarta was 8%. The quality of stored blood until seven day of storage was quite good.

According to the data from Central Blood Transfusion Unit, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood donors in Indonesia and especially Jakarta in 2012 were 0.39% and 0.36% respectively. Screening of blood donor may reduce the risk of HCV transmission. Aim of this study was to know the sensitivity and specificity of the antigen-antibody serology A local of test compared to Nucleic Acid Test (NAT), should 99.8 % sensitivity and 95% specificity. 135 samples were included, 35 samples NAT HCV positive and 100 samples negative. These samples will be screened by Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) anti HCV, HCV Ag-Ab by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and if there were differences results of NAT HCV, HCV CMIA and ELISA HCV Ag-Ab, the samples were examined using immunoblot HCV. Of the 135 samples, the Ag-Ab ELISA against 35 HCV RNA positive samples showed positive results also, but at 100 HCV RNA negative samples, the results showed 3 reactive and 97 non reactive. Moreover, the 35 HCV RNA positive samples were tested by anti-HCV CMIA showing the reactive results on 35 samples and in 100 HCV RNA negative samples, the results showed 11 reactive and 89 non reactive. Sensitivity of CMIA and NAT was 100%, specificity 89%. Sensitivity of Ag-Ab ELISA and NAT was 100% and specificity 97%. We concluded that the analysis of HCV by ELISA meets the standard criteria for screening of donor blood but not for CMIA.Keywords : Hepatitis C, Anti-HCV, HCV Ab-Ag, NATAbstrakBerdasarkan data dari Unit Transfusi Darah Pusat, prevalensi hepatitis C virus (HCV) pada darah donor di Indonesia dan Jakarta pada khususnya tahun 2012 adalah 0,39% dan 0,36%. Uji saring darah donor dapat menurunkan risiko tertular HCV. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan serologi antigen-antibodi yang memenuhi standard metoda NAT, sensitivitas 99,8% dan spesifisitas 95%. Pemeriksaan 135 darah donor, terdiri dari 35 positif dan 100 negatif dengan NAT HCV, yang diuji saring anti-HCV dengan CMIA, Ab-Ag HCV dengan ELISA dan bila ada perbedaan hasil antara NAT HCV, CMIA HCV dan ELISA Ag-Ab HCV, maka dilakukan pemeriksaan menggunakan imunoblot HCV. Dari 135 sampel, hasil ELISA Ag-Ab HCV terhadap 35 sampel positif RNA HCV juga menunjukkan hasil positif pada seluruhnya, tetapi pada 100 sampel negatif RNA HCV terdapat 3 sampel reaktif dan 97 non reaktif. Hasil pemeriksaan CMIA anti-HCV pada 35 sampel positif RNA HCV menunjukkan reaktif pada 35 sampel dan pada 100 sampel negatif RNA HCV terdapat 11 reaktif dan 89 non reaktif. Sensitivitas CMIA dengan NAT HCV 100%, spesifisitasnya 89%. Sensitivitas ELISA dengan NAT HCV 100%, spesifisitasnya 97%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah pemeriksaan Antigen-Antibodi HCV ELISA memenuhi kriteria standar untuk digunakan sebagai uji saring darah donor sedangkan pemeriksaan Antibodi HCV CMIA tidak memenuhi kriteria standar sebagai uji saring darah donor.Kata kunci : Hepatitis C, Anti-HCV, Ab-Ag HCV, NAT

Indeterminate results of serological HIV test have been found in Indonesia. The screening procedure is following the prescribed by WHO for screening of blood donors which is based on 3 different serological HIV test during screening of blood donors. Discordant results are interpreted as indeterminate. In order to find the cause of the indeterminate results, we conducted RT-PCR detection of HIV RNA in samples from blood donors with indeterminate serological HIV-test. Plasma samples showing indeterminate results by serological testing from blood donor were collected from Blood Transfusion Service of Indonesian Red Cross and subjected to confirmatory test by using western blot. Test of 40 samples showed that 90% of the samples remain indeterminate. Most of the indeterminate results were caused by the reactivity towards p24 antigen. RT-PCR targeted at LTR, pol, env and p24 region of HIV was performed to detect the presence of HIV RNA. Primer were consequently designed to amplify these regions. Preliminary resmlts showed 1/35 24/32 (75%) positive LTR, 4/31 (12%) positive pol and 1/3 (33%) positive env. Amplification in p24 region showed that bands found have lower size than expected. Sequencing was performed to confirm these findings. The results suggest that further exploration should be performed in order to understand the magnitude of problem regarding HIV-RNA positivity in indeterminate sample by serological test to determine future direction such as the necessity to obtain information regarding the influence of circmlating HIV strain in Indonesian popmlation towards accuracy of HIV diagnostics.n

Characterization of HIV RNA in Blood Donor Possessing Serological Test Indeterminate. Indeterminate results of serological HIV test have been found in Indonesia. The screening procedure is following the prescribed by WHO for screening of blood donors which is based on 3 different serological HIV test during screening of blood donors. Discordant results are interpreted as indeterminate. This research aims to identify GIV strains that previously difficult to determine, and to evaluate whether the HIV strains present in Indonesia could pass the existing screening system. RT-PCR detection test of HIV RNA were conducted for 40 blood donors samples with indeterminate serological HIV-test after a confirmatory test using western blot. Preliminary results showed that 24/32 (75%) of the samples are positive LTR, 4/31 (12%) positive pol and 1/3 (33%) positive env. Amplification in p24 region showed that bands found have lower size than expected. Sequencing performed to confirm these findings show that further analysis is needed to determine whether this change is what behind the indeterminate results.