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Background The aim of this study was to screen for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to construct genetic risk prediction models for NIHL in a Chinese population. Methods Four hundred seventy-six subjects with NIHL and 476 matched controls were recruited from a cross-sectional survey on NIHL in China. A total of 83 candidate SNPs were genotyped using nanofluidic dynamic arrays on a Fluidigm platform. NIHL-associated SNPs were screened with a multiple logistic model, and a genetic risk model was constructed based on the genetic risk score (GRS). The results were validated using a prospective cohort population. Results Seven SNPs in the CDH23, PCDH15, EYA4, MYO1A, KCNMA1, and OTOG genes were significantly (P 0.05 and P

Table S1. Distribution of allele and genotype frequencies in the subjects of Case and Control. (DOCX 37 kb)

The economies of scale in cotton production should suit local conditions, and the mastering of Xinjiang farmers' cotton-growing situation has great significance to guide their planting and cultivation. By questionnaire, this paper researched the cotton production costs, economic efficiency planting acreage and others on Akesu in Southern Xinjiang, Changji in Northern Xinjiang and Turpan area in EasternXjinjiang, evaluating their cotton economies scale separately and collect the data to summarize the optimal production area in whole province. The results show that, in Changji city, with the increase of planting area, the cotton production costs present decrease trends at first and then increase in a U-shape, the R² value is 0.332, the optimal planting area is 176.7 acres, while Turpan sample shows that when the area is 71.9 acres can obtain the minimal input costs 623 RMB, and in Akesu, when the planting area is 72.57 acres will costs lowest 827 RMB per acre. And the largest optimal planting area is theChangji city in Northern Xinjiang. Analyzing the collected data, the results shows that the optimal economy planting area in overall province is 330 acreages, and corresponding lowest production costs is 913 RMB. It suggests that there exits differences between various regions of farmers economics of scale in Xinjiang and the planting area in northern part is larger.

Background Both environmental and genetic factors are attributable to the incidence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between genetic variations in the EYA4, GRHL2 and DFNA5 genes and the risk to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in a Chinese population. Methods A case–control study was conducted with 476 NIHL workers and 475 normal hearing workers matched with gender, years of noise exposure, and intensity of noise exposure. Twelve tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the EYA4, GRHL2 and DFNA5 genes were genotyped using nanofluidic dynamic arrays on the Fluidigm platform. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the associations of genetic variations with NIHL adjusted by age, smoking/drinking status, and cumulative noise exposure and their interactions with noise exposure. Results The SNPs of rs3777781and rs212769 in the EYA4 gene were significantly associated with NIHL risk. In rs3777781, comparing with the subjects carrying with TT types, the carriers with AT and AA genotypes had the decreased risk of NIHL (OR = 0.721, 95 % CI = 0.522 - 0.996). In rs212769, the AG and AA carriers had increased NIHL risk (OR = 1.430, 95 % CI = 1.014 - 2.016) compared with the subjects with GG genotype. Rs666026 in the associated GRHL2 gene and rs2521758 in the DFNA5 gene were marginally t associated with NIHL (P = 0.065 and 0.052, respectively). Rs2521758 and rs212769 had significantly interacted with noise exposure (P