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Objective This study explores the accuracy of drilling core reorientations by using remanent magnetization. Methods To this end, paleomagnetic analyses were carried out on 43 Silurian sandstone samples collected from five boreholes (TKQ101, SHUN9, TAT19, TZ18, and TS108)in the Tarim Basin. Meanwhile, rock magnetic measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectral (EDS) observations were conducted on representative samples to identify the predominant magnetic carriers. Furthermore, the paleocurrent direction inferred from the corrected maximum magnetic susceptibility (Kmax)axis of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) using remanent magnetization was analyzed. Results AMS results indicate a sedimentary fabric preserved in the studied drilling cores, suggesting their stratigraphy are overall horizontal.Rock magnetic results, SEM and EDS observations reveal that magnetite is the dominant magnetic carrier for the TKQ101 samples, with small amounts of goethite and hematite, while pyrrhotite and magnetite are the dominant magnetic carriers for the other samples. The demagnetization results indicate that the viscous remanent magnetization (VRM) acquired in the present geomagnetic field and the characteristic remanent magnetization(ChRM) of the Silurian formation can be isolated for the TKQ101 samples, where the original azimuth rotations (R, R') estimated by VRM and ChRM are consistent. Furthermore, the paleocurrent direction inferred from the corrected Kmax is supported by the geological evidence, suggesting a counterclockwise rotation of 258.0°-262.0°of the TKQ101 drilling cores. Only one remanence component was isolated for the majority (~90%) of samples from the other four boreholes, which is a superposition component of the VRM acquired in present geomagnetic field and the chemical remagnetization caused by fluid activities, such as oil-gas migration and accumulation, during the Himalayan period. Therefore, it is more reliable to reorient these drill cores by using the VRM component, with confirmation of the paleocurrent direction inferred by the corrected Kmax and geological evidence. Conclusion In summary, to restore the original orientations of these drilling cores, the following rotation angles are required: 258.0°-262.0° counterclockwise rotation for the TKQ101 drill cores; 148.1°, 221.2°, and 318.2° counterclockwise rotation for the 4th, 5th and 6th sections from the borehole SHUN9, respectively; 269.8° and 155.9° counterclockwise rotation for the sections 3 and 5 from the borehole TAT19, respectively; 239.3° and 256.6° counterclockwise rotation for drill cores from the boreholes TS108 and TZ18, respectively.

Crown rot is one of the most destructive diseases of cultivated strawberry. The DOF family transcription factors, which involved in biotic stress, has not been studied in responding to strawberry crown rot. In this study, the DOFs of Fragaria × ananassa, F. iinumae, F. nilgerrensis, F. viridis, and F. vesca were characterized. One hundred and eighteen FaDOFs, twenty-two FiDOFs, twenty-three FnDOFs, twenty-five FviDOFs and thirty-seven FvDOFs were identified. Gene cluster analysis showed nearly seventy segmental duplication and seventeen tandem duplications for DOF family expansion in octaploid strawberry. In addition, 59 FaDOFs showed syntenic relationships with 32 AtDOFs, which were located on all F.×ananassa chromosomes except Fvb4-1 and Fvb4-2. Except for five DOFs of diploid strawberries had syntenic relationships to one FaDOF, most of them corresponded to multiple FaDOFs. Gene expression analysis revealed that 107 FaDOFs were expressed in crown, and most of them were downregulated by crown rot, while some FaDOFs such as FaDOF107, 12, 82, 91, 90 and 101 were upregulated, whose regulation was not always consistent with the cis-elements in their promoters. Together, these results provided a basis for further functional studies of the FaDOFs.

Hydrocarbon exploration in the Neoproterozoic extensional basins in the Yangtze Craton of South China has made prominent progresses in the past decades. However, the spatial distribution of source rocks across the craton still remains unclear. Here, we use outcrop observations, borehole data, and reflective seismic profiles to investigate the prototype, distribution and sediment infilling of these basins in the Yangtze Craton during the periods of source rock deposition. The basin prototype is categorized based on its tectonic origin and structural-sedimentary feature as follows. (1) During the deposition of the Datangpo Formation, rift basins extensively developed, band are characterized by a series of graben or half graben structures that consist of basin-controlling normal faults. The source rocks in the Datangpo Formation were deposited as the inner shelf basin or deep shelf facies, obtaining high thickness (i.e., 200 m) in the Wuling rift basin. (2) During the deposition of the Doushantuo Formation, the intracratonic rift basin and passive continental margin basin formed. These basins were controlled by syn-depositional faults that inherited the existing rift fault structures. The source rocks of the Doushantuo Formation were deposited as shelf lagoon, slope to deep-water basin facies. (3) During the deposition of the Dengying Formation, the intraplatform rift basin and passive continental margin basin developed with influence of regional tectonic extension. Not only are these basins affected by the preexisting faults, but also by the newly developed syn-depositional faults. The argillaceous source rocks of the Dengying Formation deposited as slope and deep-water basin facies. Further in-depth analyses revealed that a range of mechanisms may have contributed to the formation and distribution of source rocks in the Yangtze Craton, such as the break-up of the Rodinia Supercontinent, paleaolatitudes, glacial-interglacial geological events, basin extension and sedimentary environments. By integrating the distribution of the source rocks and the late tectonic reworking, this study predicts several targets for the source rock distribution in the Yangtze Craton, including in the central Sichuan, northeastern Sichuan, southern Shanxi, western Hubei, northeastern Guizhou-western Hunan, and the northeastern Guangxi-central Hunan areas.

TSM basin analysis of Neoproterozoic prototype basins on Yangtze Craton, South China were studied using a large number of field outcrop sections, latest drilling data, and numerous previous studies. Controlled by the Qingbaikou convergent continental margin to the Nanhua-Sinian divergent continental margin, four phases of basin evolution are identified in the Neoproterozoic Yangtze Craton: a) the early Qingbaikou period(ca. 1 000-820 Ma), with back-arc spreading basins on the western and northern Yangtze margins and the interior, and a retro-arc foreland basin on the southeastern Yangtze margin; b) the late Qingbaikou period (ca.820-720 Ma), with back-arc spreading basins on the western and northern Yangtze margins and extensional down-faulted basins on the southeastern Yangtze margin and the interior of the carton; c) the Nanhua period (ca.720-635 Ma), with rift basins on the southeastern, western, and northern Yangtze margins and the interior; and d) the Sinian period (ca. 635-541 Ma), with intracratonic rift basins in the interior of Yangtze Craton (i.e. the central Sichuan, the Wanyuan-Dazhou and the west Hubei-east Chongqing area) and divergent marginal subsidence basins on the southeastern and northern Yangtze margins. The Nanhua rift basins and the Sinian divergent marginal subsidence and intracratonic rift basins were most conducive to source rock formation. The southern Shaanxi, northeastern Sichuan, western Hubei, central Sichuan and the adjacent area of Hunan, Guizhou and Chongqing are the most favorable areas of the Neoproterozoic source rocks in the Yangtze Craton. They are also considered to be favorable regions for deep natural gas exploration on the Yangtze Craton.

A generalized transition matrix (GTM) model combined with discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is proposed to analyze the scattering problems of open-ended cavities. A virtual reference surface is put to seal the opening of an open cavity and can separate it into an exterior region and an interior region. By mapping the scattering properties of the internal components onto the reference surface, the information interaction of the GTM model occurs on the reference surface only. With its features of nonconformal meshes at the boundary, the DG method makes the model feasible and accurate regardless of the normal continuity of the surface current at the transitional interface. The GTM model is independent of the exterior structure of the cavity and the external fields. The computational cost can be significantly decreased when the GTM model with the identical inner region is reused. Numerical examples demonstrate good precision and efficiency of the presented method.

It is required to calculate the stored reactive energy of an antenna in order to evaluate its Q factor. Although it has been investigated for a long time, some issues still need further clarification. The main difficulty involved is that the reactive energy of an antenna tends to become infinitely large when integrating the conventionally defined energy density in the whole space outside a small sphere containing the antenna. The reactive energy is usually made to be bounded by subtracting an additional term associated with the radiation fields. However, there exists no well-accepted accurate definition for this additional term that is valid for all cases. By re-checking the definition of reactive energies, an alternative formulation is proposed in this paper which can separate the reactive energy and the radiation energy explicitly based on source-potentials. The clearly defined reactive energy is bounded without necessity to subtract that additional term, and the resultant formulae are easy to implement.

Crown rot (Colletotrichum siamense) of strawberry is a severe disease in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, China. Pathogen identification is the basis for disease prevention and resistance breeding. Nearly fifty isolates were achieved from 192 crown rot samples in this study. A number of 21 isolates were characterized as the pathogen of crown rot of strawberry by Koch’s postulates, and they were identified as Colletotrichum spp. by conidia morphology observation. The 21 isolates were divided into three groups based on colony morphology, and SCR-7, SCR-11 and SCR-16 belonged to each group were clustered into one group with C. siamense isolates by phylogenetic analysis of actin, β-Tubulin 2 and calmodulin sequences. In addition, the isolates of C. siamense SCR-7 showed the strongest pathogenicity of the three which caused highest values of lesion length and leaf temperature, and lowest leaf water content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity and even transpiration rate values. This study contributes to updating the Colletotrichum species associated with strawberry of China.

Crown rot is one of the most destructive diseases of cultivated strawberry. The correlation between Whirly family transcription factors, the one class of known resistance genes, and strawberry crown rot resistance has not been studied. In this study, the Whirlys of Fragaria × ananassa, F. iinumae, F. vesca, F. viridis and F. nilgerrensis were characterized by searching the strawberry genome database and analyzing the presence of Whirly domains. Five FaWHYs, two FiWHYs, three FnWHYs, two FviWHYs and four FvWHYs were identified from their respective genome. Two gene clusters with segmental duplications were obtained from the gene cluster analysis with two and three FaWHYs, and three FaWHYs showed syntenic relationships with AtWHYs of Arabidopsis thaliana. FiWHY1, FvWHY2 and FviWHY1 showed syntenic relationships with FaWHY1 and FaWHY2. At the same time, FiWHY2, FvWHY3, FviWHY2 and FnWHY3 exhibited similar syntenic relationships with FaWHY4 and FaWHY5. In addition, FnWHY1 and FnWHY2 corresponded to both FaWHY1 and FaWHY2. Gene expression analysis revealed that five FaWHYs were expressed in crowns, and the regulation of FaWHYs was always consistent with the cis-elements in their promoters. All of them were downregulated by crown rot infected. Together, these results provided a basis for further functional studies of the FaWHYs proteins and their responses to crown rot.

Fine-grained classification of cervical cells into different abnormality levels is of great clinical importance but remains very challenging. Contrary to the traditional classification methods that rely on hand-crafted or engineered features, convolution neural network (CNN) can classify cervical cells based on automatically learned deep features. However, CNN in previous studies does not involve cell morphological information, and it is unknown whether morphological features can be directly modeled by CNN to classify cervical cells. This paper presents a CNN-based method that combines cell image appearance with cell morphology for classification of cervical cells in Pap smear. The training of cervical cell dataset consists of adaptively re-sampled image patches coarsely centered on the nuclei. Several CNN models (AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet, and DenseNet) pre-trained on ImageNet dataset were fine-tuned on the cervical dataset for comparison. The proposed method is evaluated on the Herlev cervical dataset by five-fold cross-validation at patient-level splitting. The results show that by adding cytoplasm and nucleus masks as raw morphological information into appearance-based CNN learning, higher classification accuracies can be achieved in general. Among the four CNN models, GoogLeNet fed with both morphological and appearance information obtains the highest classification accuracies of 94.5%, 71.3%, and 64.5%, for two-class (abnormal versus normal), four-class (“The Bethesda System”), and seven-class (“World Health Organization classification system”) classification tasks, respectively. Our method demonstrates that combining cervical cell morphology with appearance information can provide improved classification performance. Although the initial results are promising, deep learning-based fine-grained cervical cell classification remains a very challenging task for a high-precision diagnosis.

The mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) are time-dependent due to the cement hydration process. The mechanical behavior of ECC is not only related to the matrix material properties, but also to the fiber/matrix interface properties. In this study, the modeling of fiber and fiber/matrix interactions is accomplished by using a semi-discrete model in the framework of peridynamics (PD), and the time-varying laws of cement matrix and fiber/matrix interface bonding properties with curing age are also considered. The strain-softening behavior of the cement matrix is represented by introducing a correction factor to modify the pairwise force function in PD theory. The fracture damage of ECC plate from 3 to 28 days was numerically simulated by using the improved PD model to visualize the process of damage fracture under dynamic loading. The shorter the hydration time, the lower the corresponding elastic modulus, and the smaller the number of cracks generated. The dynamic fracture process of early-age ECC is analyzed to understand the crack development pattern, which provides reference for guiding structural design and engineering practice.

Multibranch basis functions have been confirmed to be effective for local refinement of domain decomposition methods in the application of solving surface and volume integral equations. Surface-volume integral equations (SVIEs) are applied for solving the hybrid electromagnetic scattering problems involving perfect electric conductors (PEC) and dielectrics, especially inhomogeneous and anisotropic media. In this paper, multibranch Rao-Wilton-Glisson basis functions (MBRWGs) are applied in conjunction with multibranch Schaubert-Wilton-Glisson basis functions (MB-SWGs) for solving the SVIEs. Block diagonal preconditioners (BDPs) are used to accelerate the iteration convergence based on generalized minimum residual (GMRES) algorithms. The numerical results demonstrate the accuracy of the multibranch basis functions in solving SVIEs, and also show that proper BDPs can accelerate the iteration convergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To elucidate the influence of different concentrations of carrageenan (CA, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, 2.0%, w/w) on the gelation properties and structure of hemp protein isolate (HPI), with the hemp protein isolate without adding CA as the control, the water-holding capacity, texture, rheological properties of the composite gels were determined. Meanwhile, the effect of CA addition on the water distribution, protein structure and intermolecular forces in the composite gels was also investigated. The results showed that the addition of CA significantly (P

Abstract Apple moldy core is a fungus-infested disease that is extremely insidious, usually occurring inside the fruit, making it very difficult to distinguish from the exterior with the naked eye. Using VIS/NIR transmission spectroscopy, this study successfully detected moldy core apples. By combining four wavelength selection algorithms (CARS, CARS-SPA, MC-UVE, and MC-UVE-SPA) with four classifiers (SVM, ELM, KNN, and LDA-KNN), discrimination models were established for two-class and three-class classifications. MC-UVE-SPA-LDA-KNN achieved an AUC of 0.99 and an accuracy of 98.82% for two-class classification, while MC-UVE-SPA achieved an AUC of 0.99 and an accuracy of 97.64% for three-class classification. This confirms MC-UVE-SPA as an effective tool for selecting wavelengths specific to moldy core apples, facilitating precise identification and differentiation of apple states. This study advances dynamic online detection of early-stage moldy core conditions in apples, reducing post-harvest disease occurrence and preserving fruit quality effectively. Graphical Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a blood product containing high concentrations of platelets, has been increasingly used for the treatment of a number of diseases because of its anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. PRP is generally obtained from the patient’s own peripheral blood when used in clinical applications, but allogeneic PRP extracted from umbilical cord blood has also attracted attention due to its unique advantages. The main purpose of this narrative review was to summarize the research and clinical application of cord blood-derived PRP (CB-PRP) in the treatment of diseases up to April 2024. This review also discusses the differences between CB-PRP and autologous PRP (A-PRP). A thorough search of PubMed® and Clinicaltrials.gov identified 13 articles and four clinical trials. To date, CB-PRP has been primarily studied in the fields of orthopaedics, dermatology, neurology, obstetrics/gynaecology and ophthalmology. This is likely to be because this research is relatively novel. Considering the differences between the characteristics of A-PRP and CB-PRP, it is thought that CB-PRP might hold more promise for broader applications in the future.