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Abstract Genetic code expansion has emerged as a powerful tool for precisely introducing unnatural chemical structures into proteins to improve their catalytic functions. Given the high catalytic propensity of histidine in the enzyme pocket, increasing the chemical diversity of catalytic histidine could result in new characteristics of biocatalysts. Herein, we report the genetically encoded Nδ-Vinyl Histidine (δVin-H) and achieve the wild-type-like incorporation efficiency by the evolution of pyrrolysyl tRNA synthetase. As histidine usually acts as the nucleophile or the metal ligand in the catalytic center, we replace these two types of catalytic histidine to δVin-H to improve the performance of the histidine-involved catalytic center. Additionally, we further demonstrate the improvements of the hydrolysis activity of a previously reported organocatalytic esterase (the OE1.3 variant) in the acidic condition and myoglobin (Mb) catalyzed carbene transfer reactions under the aerobic condition. As histidine is one of the most frequently used residues in the enzyme catalytic center, the derivatization of the catalytic histidine by δVin-H holds a great potential to promote the performance of biocatalysts.

Introduction: The Vision Transformer (ViT) model, which leverages self-supervised learning, has shown exceptional performance in natural image segmentation, suggesting its extensive potential in visual tasks. However, its effectiveness diminishes in remote sensing due to the varying perspectives of remote sensing images and unique optical properties of features like the translucency of greenhouses. Additionally, the high cost of training Visual Foundation Models (VFMs) from scratch for specific scenes limits their deployment.Methods: This study investigates the feasibility of rapidly deploying VFMs on new tasks by using embedding vectors generated by VFMs as prior knowledge to enhance traditional segmentation models’ performance. We implemented this approach to improve the accuracy and robustness of segmentation with the same number of trainable parameters. Comparative experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of this method, especially in the context of greenhouse detection and management.Results: Our findings indicate that the use of embedding vectors facilitates rapid convergence and significantly boosts segmentation accuracy and robustness. Notably, our method achieves or exceeds the performance of traditional segmentation models using only about 40% of the annotated samples. This reduction in the reliance on manual annotation has significant implications for remote sensing applications.Discussion: The application of VFMs in remote sensing tasks, particularly for greenhouse detection and management, demonstrated enhanced segmentation accuracy and reduced dependence on annotated samples. This method adapts more swiftly to different lighting conditions, enabling more precise monitoring of agricultural resources. Our study underscores the potential of VFMs in remote sensing tasks and opens new avenues for the expansive application of these models in diverse downstream tasks.

ABSTRACT: The poultry skeletal system serves multiple functions, not only providing structural integrity but also maintaining the balance of essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. However, in recent years, the consideration of skeletal traits has been overlooked in the selective breeding of broilers, resulting in an inadequate adaptation of the skeletal system to cope with the rapid increase in body weight. Consequently, this leads to lameness and bone diseases such as tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), which significantly impact the production performance of broilers. Accumulating evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNA) play a crucial role in the differentiation, formation, and disease of cartilage. However, the miRNA-mediated molecular mechanism underlying chicken TD formation is still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of miRNA in chicken TD formation. Based on transcriptome sequencing of tibial cartilage in the healthy group and TD group, miR-206a-3p was found to be highly expressed in TD cartilage. The function of miR-206a-3p was explored through the transfection test of miR-206a-3p mimics and miR-206a-3p inhibitor. In this study, we utilized qRT-PCR, CCK-8, EdU, western blot, and flow cytometry to detect the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of chondrocytes. The results revealed that miR-206a-3p suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of TD chondrocytes while promoting their programmed cell death. Furthermore, through biosynthesis and dual luciferase assays, it was determined that BMP6 was the direct target gene of miR-206a-3p. This finding was further supported by rescue experiments which confirmed the involvement of BMP6 in the regulatory pathway governed by miR-206a-3p. Our results suggest that miR-206a-3p can inhibits the proliferation and differentiation promote apoptosis through the target gene BMP-6 and suppressing the Smad2/3 signaling pathway in chicken TD chondrocytes.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of in ovo injection of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) on early growth, immune and tibia development in Daheng broilers. The results showed that 25(OH)D3 can significantly improve the hatchability of broilers and improve body weight (p 0.05). Our data suggested that 25(OH)D3 has positive effects on the early growth, immune, bone development of broiler during the early stage, which is a supplement to improve disease resistance and skeletal development of broilers.

Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is widely infected in humans and causes various diseases. Among them, microRNAs of EBV play a key role in the progression of EBV-associated febrile diseases. There're few specific indicators for rapid differential diagnosis of various febrile diseases associated with EBV, and the lack of more reliable screening methods with high diagnostic utility has led to spaces for improvement in the accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment of relevant patients, making EBV infection a complicated clinical problem. With recent advances in plasma microRNA testing, the apparent presence of EBV microRNAs in plasma can help screen for EBV infection. The gene networks targeted by these microRNAs can also indicate potential biomarkers of EBV-associated febrile diseases. This study aimed to identify some novel miRNAs as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of respectively EBV-associated febrile diseases. Materials and methods: A total of 110 participants were recruited for this task. First, we performed high-throughput sequencing and preliminary PCR validation of differentially expressed miRNAs in 15 participants with EBV-associated fever (divided into 5 groups, common EBV carriers, infectious mononucleosis (IM) and chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV), EBV-associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), and 3 healthy individuals). After a comprehensive analysis, 10 miRNAs with abnormal expression were screened, and then qRT-PCR was performed in the rest of 95 participants to detect the validation of miRNAs expression in plasma samples. Thereafter, we further investigated their potential for clinical application in EBV-related febrile diseases by using a combination of Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and Protein-protein interaction network analysis. Results: Through identification and detailed analysis of the obtained data, we found significant differences in the expression of Hsa-miR-320d, EBV-miR-BART22, and EBV-miR-BART2-3p in blood samples from patients with different EBV-related febrile diseases. We found that the expression levels of Hsa-miR-320d, EBV-miR-BART22, and EBV-miR-BART2-3p in plasma are indicative of determining different disease types of EBV-related febrile diseases, while EBV-miR-BART22 and EBV-miR-BART2-3p may be potential therapeutic targets. Conclusion: The expression levels of Hsa-miR-320d, EBV-miR-BART22, and EBV-miR-BART2-3p suggest that they may be used as transcriptional features for early differential diagnosis of EBV-related febrile diseases, and EBV-miR-BART22 and EBV-miR-BART2-3p may be potential therapeutic targets.

In order to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, serum hormone levels, immunity, antioxidant, and gut microbiota of layers at different laying stages, a total of 168 Tianfu green shell laying hens (28-day-old) were randomly divided into 2 treatments: a non-supplemented control diet (NC), and diet supplemented with 10 g/kg of probiotics, respectively. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 14 hens per replicate. The feeding trial lasted for 54 weeks. The results showed that the supplementation of probiotics significantly increased the average egg weight, improved egg quality (p

Thiram pollution is one of the main causes of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) induced by feed sources. Several studies have speculated that miRNA, circRNA and lncRNA may have significant impact on the development of TD, however, the specific mRNAs and noncoding RNAs and their respective regulatory mechanisms and functions in the development of TD have not been explored. Therefore, in this present study, we screened the differentially expressed mRNA, miRNA, circRNA and lncRNA by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enrichment, as well as constructed the interaction network among the mRNA-miRNA, mRNA-lncRNA and mRNA-miRNA-circRNA. The sequencing results were verified by fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results obtained in this study, revealed that the cells were atrophied and disordered in the TD group, and the expression of BMP6, TGF-β and VEGF were significantly reduced. A total of 141 mRNAs, 10 miRNAs, 23 lncRNAs and 35 circRNAs of DEGs were obtained (p

To investigate the safety of train collisions with live intruders under high-speed operation, a new 3D finite element laminated model of live intruder filling was constructed based on reconstruction using physical 3D scanning, with three outer layers of the model simulating the skin, three inner layers simulating bone, and internal filling simulating internal organs. The model was simulated in LS-DYNA with pendulum side collision, and the force–time and force–displacement curves of the collision between the pendulum and the living intruder were obtained, which were consistent with the curve trend of the results of the cadaver pendulum collision test by Viano in 1989, and the accuracy of the finite element model of the intruder was verified. Through the simulation calculation of high-speed collision between the train and two kinds of living intrusions, the maximum acceleration of the train body, the maximum lifting of the wheel pair, the deformation of the cowcatcher, and the maximum central load on the cowcatcher during the collision can be obtained. The results of the study show that at a collision speed of 110 km/h and different collision positions, the collision risk factor between the train and heavier organisms is relatively high, and the risk arising from frontal collisions is generally greater than that of offset collisions; despite this, all the indicators such as the maximum acceleration of the train, the maximum lift of the wheel pairs, the reduction in the length of the cowcatcher discharge per 5 m of space, and the maximum central load borne by the cowcatcher discharge are lower than the EN15227 standard. Additionally, the safety of the train is not affected and the components can work reliably.

Chronic refractory wounds are one of the most serious complications of diabetes, and the effects of common treatments are limited. Chiral hydrogel combined with dimethyloxalyglycine (DMOG) as a dressing is a promising strategy for the treatment of chronic wounds. In this research, we have developed a DMOG-loaded supramolecular chiral amino-acid-derivative hydrogel for wound dressings for full-thickness skin regeneration of chronic wounds. The properties of the materials, the ability of sustained release drugs, and the ability to promote angiogenesis were tested in vitro, and the regeneration rate and repair ability of full-thickness skin were tested in vivo. The chiral hydrogel had the ability to release drugs slowly. It can effectively promote cell migration and angiogenesis in vitro, and promote full-thickness skin regeneration and angiogenesis in vivo. This work offers a new approach for repairing chronic wounds completely through a supramolecular chiral hydrogel loaded with DMOG.

Numerical wave models have been developed for the wave forecast in last two decades; however, it faces challenges in terms of the requirement of large computing resources and improvement of accuracy. Based on a convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) algorithm, this paper establishes a two-dimensional (2D) significant wave height (SWH) prediction model for the South and East China Seas trained by WaveWatch III (WW3) reanalysis data. We conduct 24-h predictions under normal and extreme conditions, respectively. Under the normal wave condition, for 6-, 12-, and 24-h forecasting, their correlation coefficients are 0.98, 0.93, and 0.83, and the mean absolute percentage errors are 15, 29, and 61%. Under the extreme condition (typhoon), for 6 and 12 h, their correlation coefficients are 0.98 and 0.94, and the mean absolute percentage errors are 19 and 40%, which is better than the model trained by all the data. It is concluded that the ConvLSTM can be applied to the 2D wave forecast with high accuracy and efficiency.

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J disease (ALV-J) is a contagious and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by ALV-J virus. Although miRNA participate in various biological processes of tumors, little is known about the potential role of miRNA in ALV-J. Our previous miRNA and RNA sequencing data showed that the expression of gga-miR-148a-5p was significantly different in ALV-J-infected chicken spleens compared with non-infected chickens. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional roles of gga-miR-148a-5p and identify downstream targets regulated by gga-miR-148a-5p in ALV-J-infected chickens. We found that the expression of gga-miR-148a-5p was significantly downregulated during ALV-J infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that PDPK1 is a direct target gene of gga-miR-148a-5p. In vitro, overexpression of gga-miR-148a-5p significantly promoted ALV-J-infected CEF cell proliferation, included cell cycle, whereas inhibition of gga-miR-148a-5p had an opposite effect. Inhibition of PDPK1 promoted the proliferation of ALV-J-infected cells but had no effect on the activity of NF-κB. Together, these results suggested that gga-miR-148a-5p targets PDPK1 to inhibit the proliferation and cell cycle of ALV-J-infected CEF cells. Our study provides a new understanding for the tumor mechanism of ALV-J infection.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) plays a crucial role in the characterization of nanoparticles. Unfortunately, due to the limited resolution, existing imaging techniques are insufficient to display all detailed characteristics at the nanoscale. Hardware-oriented techniques are troubled with costs and material properties. Computational approaches often prefer blurry results or produce a less meaningful high-frequency noise. Therefore, we present a staged loss-driven neural networks model architecture to transform low-resolution SEM images into super-resolved ones. Our approach consists of two stages: first, residual channel attention network (RCAN) with mean absolute error (MAE) loss was used to get a better peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Then, discriminators with adversarial losses were activated to reconstruct high-frequency texture features. The quantitative and qualitative evaluation results indicate that compared with other advanced approaches, our model achieves satisfactory results. The experiment in AgCl@Ag for photocatalytic degradation confirms that our proposed method can bring realistic high-frequency structural detailed information rather than meaningless noise. With this approach, high-resolution SEM images can be acquired immediately without sample damage. Moreover, it provides an enhanced characterization method for further directing the preparation of nanoparticles.

Controllable morphological metal catalytic materials have always been a focus in research. In the previous work, hexapod AgCl was successfully synthesized. In this paper, hexapod Ag@AgCl microstructures with diverse Ag contents are prepared through NaBH4 reduction. They are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the element distribution is proved by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). They are porous dendritic microstructures with a large specific surface area and a rough surface, which display high catalytic performance and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) activity. Furthermore, the hexapod Ag@AgCl microstructure is devoted as a dual catalyst to monitor the reduction of 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) in situ using SERS. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the catalytic performance of the hexapod Ag@AgCl microstructures. The consequences show that the velocity of reaction became faster with a corresponding increase in silver content and the reaction mechanism was cleared. In addition to preparing a good catalyst, this work also promotes the combination of micro-nano materials and spectroscopy technology.

In this work, we have synthesized hexapods AgCl crystals with mace pods for the first time. Diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DDA)-controlled stepwise evolution of AgCl crystals from octahedron to hexapods with mace pods are achieved by one-pot method. The intermediates have been captured which show the basic process of crystal growth. In this process, octahedra AgCl crystals firstly grow along the direction and then change to grow in the direction. At the same time, the size of AgCl grow from 2 μm to 20 μm. Due to the poor absorption of visible light by AgCl, sodium borohydride(NaBH4) is used to reduce AgCl hexapods with mace pods crystals. By changing the mole ratio(R) of NaBH4 to AgCl, the new structure was reduced to obtain a series of Ag@AgCl microstructures. Visible light catalysis effects of the Ag@AgCl microstructures on degradation of methyl orange (MO) were investigated. The Ag@AgCl microstructures with R = 0.02 have a high photocatalytic performance, which completely degrades MO in 40 minutes.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of in ovo injection of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) on early growth, immune and tibia development in Daheng broilers. The results showed that 25(OH)D3 can significantly improve the hatchability of broilers and improve body weight (p < 0.05). The low concentration of 25(OH)D3 (8 μg/mL) not only significantly increased tibial fresh weight, tibial length, tibial diameter, thymus and liver weight and immune organ index (p < 0.05), but also significantly increased the content of bone metabolism-related factors OC and CaBP in serum and the expression levels of OC in the liver (p < 0.05). However, a high concentration of 25 (OH)D3 group (16 μg/mL) significantly increased bursa of Fabricius weight and immune organ index (p < 0.05), the content of immune factor IL-2, IFN-γ and TLR15 in serum and the expression level of IFN-γ and TLR15 in the spleen (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the content of ash, calcium and phosphorus in the tibia was negatively correlated with the expression level of OC and positively correlated with the expression level of ALP (p > 0.05). Our data suggested that 25(OH)D3 has positive effects on the early growth, immune, bone development of broiler during the early stage, which is a supplement to improve disease resistance and skeletal development of broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteomyelitis causes marked disability and is one of the most challenging diseases for orthopaedists to treat because of the considerable rate of infection recurrence. In this study, we proposed and assessed the debridementreconstruction-docking (DRD) systemfor the treatment of lower-extremity osteomyelitis. This procedure comprises 3 surgical stages and 2 preoperative assessments; namely, pre-debridement assessment, debridement, pre-reconstruction assessment, reconstruction, and docking-site management. We evaluated the use of the DRD system compared with the Ilizarov technique, which is defined as a 1-stage debridement, osteotomy, and bone transport. Methods: This retrospective cohort included 289 patients who underwent either DRD or the Ilizarov technique for the treatment of lower-extremity osteomyelitis at a single institution between January 2013 and February 2021 and who met the eligibility criteria. The primary outcome was the rate of infection recurrence. Secondary outcomes included the external fixator index (EFI), refracture rate, and the Paley classification for osseous and functional results. An inverse-probabilityweighted regression adjustment model was utilized to estimate the effect of the DRD system and Ilizarov technique on the treatment of lower-extremity osteomyelitis. Results: A total of 131 and 158 patients underwent DRD or the Ilizarov technique, respectively. The inverse-probabilityweighted regression adjustment model suggested that DRD was associated with a significant reduction in infection recurrence (risk ratio [RR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.50; p < 0.001) and EFI (26.9 days/cm, 95% CI; 28.3 to25.5; p < 0.001). Patients in the DRD group had better Paley functional results than those in the Ilizarov group (ridit score, 0.55 versus 0.45; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the rate of refracture (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.79; p = 0.71) and Paley osseous results (ridit score, 0.51 versus 0.49; p = 0.39). Conclusions: In this balanced retrospective cohort of patients with lower-extremity osteomyelitis, the use of the DRD system was associated with a reduced rate of infection recurrence, a lower EFI, and better Paley functional results compared with the use of the Ilizarov technique. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]