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As the grade of copper concentrate decreases and its composition becomes increasingly complex, the silver content in the anode plate casting after fire refining increases. This leads to a high silver content in the copper cathode during electrorefining and a substantial loss of precious metals. This study investigated the effect of 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (APMImBr) ionic liquid on the migration of silver during high-silver anode plate electrorefining. The results show that APMImBr is adsorbed on the anode surface by reacting with Ag+ released from the anode to form AgBr precipitates, thereby preventing Ag+ ions from entering the electrolyte. Simultaneously, agglomerates of fine Ag–Se compounds and AgBr particles form, resulting in anode slime particles that are sufficiently large to settle quickly to the bottom of the cell, thus inhibiting fine silver-containing particles from adhering to the cathode. Furthermore, APMImBr adsorbs onto the cathode surface, forming CuBr intermediates and inhibiting Cu2+ electrodeposition. This facilitates the refinement of the surface grains and flattens the copper cathode surface. The Ag content of the cathode decreased continuously as the concentration of APMImBr increased. The Ag content of the cathode decreased by 41.67% from 6.0 ppm (no additives) to 3.5 ppm upon the addition of the optimal concentration of 300 mg/L of APMImBr.

Abstract Diarrhea and constipation are common health concerns in children. Numerous studies have identified strong association between gut microbiota and digestive-related diseases. But little is known about the gut microbiota that simultaneously affects both diarrhea and constipation or their potential regulatory mechanisms. Stool samples from 618 children (66 diarrhea, 138 constipation, 414 healthy controls) aged 0–3 years were collected to investigate gut microbiota changes using 16S rRNA sequencing. Compared with healthy, children with diarrhea exhibited a significant decrease in microbial diversity, while those with constipation showed a marked increase (p

The accuracy of screw placement is a key factor for the stability of the cannulated screws used in the fixation of femoral neck fractures. In this study we designed a navigation device for ensuring the screw reaches the ideal position for optimal fixation. From March 2019 to September 2020, 66 patients with femoral neck fracture were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, one group was treated using the traditional free-hand cannulated screw fixation and the other using the new navigation device with assisted fixation. The effectiveness of the 2 methods was compared based on surgery duration, intraoperative bleeding, number of fluoroscopic examination and guidewire insertion attempts, screw parallelism, and effective fixation area. Fracture healing, complications and hip joint function were assessed after operation. The new navigation device reduced the duration of surgery without causing additional intraoperative bleeding, and significantly reduced number of fluoroscopy examination and guidewire insertion attempts (4.00±1.58 vs. 6.09±1.94 with traditional surgery). The accuracy of screw implantation was improved, as demonstrated by increased screw parallelism (0.71±0.57° vs. 1.66 ±1.01° with traditional surgery) and higher effective fixed area (64.88±10.52 vs. 58.61±9.19 mm2 with traditional surgery). In the postoperative follow-up, except for one case of femoral head necrosis and one case of bone nonunion in the traditional surgical group, the other patients showed fracture healing. There was no significant difference in hip joint function between the 2 groups. The new navigation device enables rapid and accurate guidewire positioning for cannulated screw fixation through simple operation procedures, resulting in good prospect for clinical transformation.

Lodging causes a reduction in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality. A shorter plant height (PH) can reduce the incidence of lodging. The overuse of nitrogen promotes excessive vegetative growth, leads to taller plants, and increases lodging risk. Here, we utilized genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to explore the genetic basis of PH and the nitrogen effect index (NEI), a parameter to estimate the responses of PH under varying nitrogen conditions, using 21,201 SNP markers from the Illumina Wheat 90K SNP array. A total of 191 wheat varieties from Yellow and Huai Valley regions of China, as well as other global regions, were analyzed across two growing seasons under four nitrogen treatments, namely N0 (0 kg/ha), N150 (150 kg/ha), N210 (210 kg/ha), and N270 (270 kg/ha). GWAS results showed that 30 genetic markers were associated with PH, explaining phenotypic variance from 5.92% to 13.69%. Additionally, nine significant loci were associated with the NEI. Notably, markers on chromosomes 1A and 6B were linked to both PH and the NEI, which were insensitive to low- and high-nitrogen fertilizers. In addition, the PH of the three cultivars (Zhoumai16, Zhoumai13, and Bima1) showed little variation in four nitrogen fertilizer levels. This study identified key genetic markers associated with wheat PH and the NEI, providing insights for optimizing nitrogen use in wheat breeding.

The contamination of bone defects is a serious therapeutic problem. The treatment of infected bone defects involves rigorous infection control followed by bone reconstruction. Considering these two processes, the development of biomaterials possessing antibacterial and osteogenic properties offers a promising approach for the treatment of infected bone defects. In this study, a dual-functional, thermosensitive, and injectable hydrogel composed of chitosan (CS), quaternized CS (QCS), and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) was designed, and the ratio of CS to QCS in the hydrogel was optimized to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of CS while reducing the cytotoxicity of QCS. In vitro studies demonstrated that the hydrogel with an 85 %:15 % ratio of CS to QCS exhibited excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial properties while also possessing suitable mechanical characteristics and degradability. The incorporation of nHA into the hydrogel enhanced MC3T3-E1 proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, this hydrogel demonstrated superior in vivo therapeutic effectiveness in a rabbit model of infected bone defect. In summary, this study provides a promising material design and a comprehensive one-step treatment strategy for infected bone defects.

IntroductionIn contemporary agriculture, the substitution of manure for chemical fertilizer based on phosphorus (P) input in vegetable production has led to a significant reduction in P fertilizer application rates, while, the effect of manure substitution rates on soil P transformation and uptake by root remain unclear.MethodsThis research conducts a pot experiment with varying manure substitution rates (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100%) based on P nutrient content to elucidate the mechanisms through which manure substitution affects P uptake in pepper.Results and discussionThe result showed that shoot and root biomass of pepper gradually increased as manure substitution rate from 10% to 40%, and then gradually decreased with further increases in the substitution rate. Soil alkaline phosphatase activity and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization gradually increased with manure substitution rates improvement. Specifically, when the substitution rate reached 30%–40%, the alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 24.5%–33.8% compared to the fertilizer treatment. In contrast, phytase activity and the relative expression of phosphate transporter protein genes in the root system was declined after peaking at 30% manure substitution. Additionally, soil available P remained moderate under 30%–40% substitution rate, which was reduced by 8.6%–10.2% compared to that in chemical fertilizer treatment, while microbial biomass P was comparable. In the current study, soil labile P similar to or even higher than that in chemical fertilizer treatment when the substitution rate was ≤40%. Correlation heatmaps demonstrated a significant and positive relationship between soil available P and factors related to labile P and moderately labile P.ConclusionThis finding suggested that substituting 30%–40% of chemical P with manure can effectively enhance root length, AM colonization, soil enzyme activity, soil labile P, and consequently improve P uptake in pepper. These findings provide valuable insights for future organic agricultural practices that prioritize P supply, aiming to standardize organic P management in farmland and achieve high crop yields and maintain soil health.

The treatment of bone defects is a difficult problem in orthopedics. The excessive destruction of local bone tissue at defect sites destroys blood supply and renders bone regeneration insufficient, which further leads to delayed union or even nonunion. To solve this problem, in this study, we incorporated icariin into alginate/mineralized collagen (AMC) hydrogel and then placed the drug-loaded hydrogel into the pores of a 3D-printed porous titanium alloy (AMCI/PTi) scaffold to prepare a bioactive scaffold with the dual functions of promoting angiogenesis and bone regeneration. The experimental results showed that the ACMI/PTi scaffold had suitable mechanical properties, sustained drug release function, and excellent biocompatibility. The released icariin and mineralized collagen (MC) synergistically promoted angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. After implantation into a rabbit radius defect, the composite scaffold showed a satisfactory effect in promoting bone repair. Therefore, this composite dual-functional scaffold could meet the requirements of bone defect treatment and provide a promising strategy for the repair of large segmental bone defects in clinic.

With the increasing incidence of bone defects in clinical practice, the demand for bone grafts or substitutes has become more urgent. Polydopamine (PDA)-coated bone tissue engineering materials offer a promising alternative in such cases. PDA coating is characterized by a solid coating formed by polymerization of dopamine under alkaline and oxygen-containing conditions, which can provide implants good hydrophilicity through the active functional groups contained in the structure. More importantly, the strong adhesion of the coating can provide an anchor between bone implant materials and drugs to achieve functional modification of the implant surface to enhance bone regeneration. In this review, the different effects of dopamine derivatives and their polymerization in current research were summarized. The mechanisms underlying the effects of PDA in promoting bone regeneration have also discussed in detail, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of PDA. Finally, a series of PDA-coated materials for the promotion of bone repair have been summarized and discussed. This review provides cutting-edge design ideas for PDA-based biomaterials and highlights promising treatment strategies for bone defects.

Titanium alloy materials are commonly used in orthopedic clinical treatments. However, conventional titanium implants usually lead to insufficient bone regeneration and integration because of mismatched biomechanics and poor bioactivities. To tackle these challenges, a porous titanium alloy scaffold with suitable mechanical properties was prepared using three-dimensional (3D) printing, and then an adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSC) loaded platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel was placed into the pores of the porous scaffold to construct a bioactive scaffold with dual functions of enhancing angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This bioactive scaffold showed good biocompatibility and supported cell viability proliferation and morphology of encapsulated ADSCs. Osteogenic and angiogenic growth factors in the PRP gel promoted the migration and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and enhanced osteogenic-related gene and protein expression in ADSCs, thus promoting osteogenic differentiation. After implantation into the femoral defects of rabbits, the bioactive scaffold promoted vascular network formation and the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins, thus effectively accelerating bone regeneration. Therefore, the osteogenic and angiogenic bioactive scaffold comprising a 3D printed porous titanium alloy scaffold, PRP, and ADSCs provides a promising design for orthopedic biomaterials with clinical transformation prospects and an effective strategy for bone defect treatment.

Bisphosphonates (BPs), the stable analogs of pyrophosphate, are well-known inhibitors of osteoclastogenesis to prevent osteoporotic bone loss and improve implant osseointegration in patients suffering from osteoporosis. Compared to systemic administration, BPs-incorporated coatings enable the direct delivery of BPs to the local area, which will precisely enhance osseointegration and bone repair without the systemic side effects. However, an elaborate and comprehensive review of BP coatings of implants is lacking. Herein, the cellular level (e.g., osteoclasts, osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclast precursors, and bone mesenchymal stem cells) and molecular biological regulatory mechanism of BPs in regulating bone homeostasis are overviewed systematically. Moreover, the currently available methods (e.g., chemical reaction, porous carriers, and organic material films) of BP coatings construction are outlined and summarized in detail. As one of the key directions, the latest advances of BP-coated implants to enhance bone repair and osseointegration in basic experiments and clinical trials are presented and critically evaluated. Finally, the challenges and prospects of BP coatings are also purposed, and it will open a new chapter in clinical translation for BP-coated implants.

Sintering is the process that emits the most pollutants in the iron and steel industry. As people have higher and higher requirements for environmental quality, under the background of strengthening the control of other pollutants in sintering, the issue of CO emissions from sintering of iron ore powder has been widely concerned. CO emission reduction is imperative. The efficient treatment technology for CO emission reduction in sintered flue gas is relatively scarce and cannot meet the CO reduction of sintering machines in the steel industry. This article mainly summarizes the research status and trends of CO emission reduction technology in sintering flue gas at home and abroad, analyzes the mechanism of CO production during sintering process, and discusses CO emission reduction from the three aspects of source, process and end governance.

Peptide-based hydrogels are widely studied and applied in bone repair because of their good biocompatibility, biodegradability and designability. Peptide-based hydrogels can be endowed with different properties by introducing biologically functional groups into the peptide chain and adjusting the composition of the peptide-based hydrogels. In addition, in combination with growth factors, cells, and other scaffold materials, the peptide-based hydrogels can meet the needs of bone repair under different conditions. Therefore, we first analyzed the expected properties of peptide-based hydrogels in bone repair and methods to obtain these properties. Then, we focused on the applications in bone repair, especially the repair scheme based on peptide-based hydrogels for different types of bone defects. Peptide-based hydrogels can be used alone to fill bone defects, playing a role in bone conduction. The peptide-based hydrogels can also be used as a sustained-release carrier for cells, drugs, and the like, to improve the microenvironment of local bone regeneration and enhance the bone regeneration capacity. In addition, peptide-based hydrogels can provide solutions for repairing large segmental and weight-bearing bone defects by incorporating other scaffold materials. This review will provide the theoretical basis and cutting-edge design strategies for peptide-based hydrogels to promote the repair of bone defects.

Shengjiang Xiexin Decoction (SXD) is a widely recognized formula in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating diarrhea and is commonly used in clinical practice. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a type of antibiotic-associated diarrhea with a rising incidence rate that has severe consequences for humans. Recent clinical applications have found significant efficacy in using SXD as an adjunct to CDI treatment. However, the pharmacodynamic substance basis and therapeutic mechanism of SXD remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically analyze the metabolic mechanisms and key pharmacodynamic components of SXD in CDI mice by combining non-targeted metabolomics of Chinese medicine and serum medicinal chemistry. We established a CDI mouse model to observe the therapeutic effect of SXD on CDI. We investigated the mechanism of action and active substance composition of SXD against CDI by analyzing 16S rDNA gut microbiota, untargeted serum metabolomics, and serum pharmacochemistry. We also constructed a multi-scale, multifactorial network for overall visualization and analysis. Our results showed that SXD significantly reduced fecal toxin levels and attenuated colonic injury in CDI model mice. Additionally, SXD partially restored CDI-induced gut microbiota composition. Non-targeted serum metabolomics studies showed that SXD not only regulated Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism but also metabolic energy and amino acid pathways such as Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, Glycerolipid metabolism, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, as well as body and other metabolite production in the host. Through the implementation of network analysis methodologies, we have discerned that Panaxadiol, Methoxylutcolin, Ginsenoside-Rf, Suffruticoside A, and 10 other components serve as critical potential pharmacodynamic substance bases of SXD for CDI. This study reveals the metabolic mechanism and active substance components of SXD for the treatment of CDI mice using phenotypic information, gut microbiome, herbal metabolomics, and serum pharmacochemistry. It provides a theoretical basis for SXD quality control studies.

Drug delivery systems composed of osteogenic substances and biological materials are of great significance in enhancing bone regeneration, and appropriate biological carriers are the cornerstone for their construction. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is favored in bone tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. When combined with other substances, the physicochemical properties of PEG-based hydrogels fully meet the requirements of drug delivery carriers. Therefore, this paper reviews the application of PEG-based hydrogels in the treatment of bone defects. The advantages and disadvantages of PEG as a carrier are analyzed, and various modification methods of PEG hydrogels are summarized. On this basis, the application of PEG-based hydrogel drug delivery systems in promoting bone regeneration in recent years is summarized. Finally, the shortcomings and future developments of PEG-based hydrogel drug delivery systems are discussed. This review provides a theoretical basis and fabrication strategy for the application of PEG-based composite drug delivery systems in local bone defects.

The treatment of infected bone defects is an intractable problem in orthopedics. It comprises two critical parts, namely that of infection control and bone defect repair. According to these two core tasks during treatment, the ideal approach of simultaneously controlling infection and repairing bone defects is promising treatment strategy. Several engineered biomaterials and drug delivery systems with dual functions of anti-bacterial action and ostogenesis-promotion have been developed and demonstrated excellent therapeutic effects. Compared with the conventional treatment method, the dual-functional composite scaffold can provide one-stage treatment avoiding multiple surgeries, thereby remarkably simplifying the treatment process and reducing the treatment time, overcoming the disadvantages of conventional bone transplantation. In this review, the impaired bone repair ability and its specific mechanisms in the microenvironment of pathogen infection and excessive inflammation were analyzed, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of infectious bone defects. Furthermore, we discussed the composite dual-functional scaffold composed of a combination of antibacterial and osteogenic material. Finally, a series of advanced drug delivery systems with antibacterial and bone-promoting capabilities were summarized and discussed. This review provides a comprehensive understanding for the microenvironment of infectious bone defects and leading-edge design strategies for the antibacterial and bone-promoting dual-function scaffold, thus providing clinically significant treatment methods for infectious bone defects.

The large incidence of bone defects in clinical practice increases not only the demand for advanced bone transplantation techniques but also the development of bone substitute materials. A variety of emerging bone tissue engineering materials with osteogenic induction ability are promising strategies for the design of bone substitutes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that regulate intracellular protein expression by targeting the non-coding region of mRNA3′-UTR to play an important role in osteogenic differentiation. Several miRNA preparations have been used to promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Therefore, multiple functional bone tissue engineering materials using miRNA as an osteogenic factor have been developed and confirmed to have critical efficacy in promoting bone repair. In this review, osteogenic intracellular signaling pathways mediated by miRNAs are introduced in detail to provide a clear understanding for future clinical treatment. We summarized the biomaterials loaded with exogenous cells engineered by miRNAs and biomaterials directly carrying miRNAs acting on endogenous stem cells and discussed their advantages and disadvantages, providing a feasible method for promoting bone regeneration. Finally, we summarized the current research deficiencies and future research directions of the miRNA-functionalized scaffold. This review provides a summary of a variety of advanced miRNA delivery system design strategies that enhance bone regeneration.

Osteonecrosis, which is typically induced by trauma, glucocorticoid abuse, or alcoholism, is one of the most severe diseases in clinical orthopedics. Osteonecrosis often leads to joint destruction, and arthroplasty is eventually required. Enhancement of bone regeneration is a critical management strategy employed in osteonecrosis therapy. Bone tissue engineering based on engineered three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with appropriate architecture and osteoconductive activity, alone or functionalized with bioactive factors, have been developed to enhance bone regeneration in osteonecrosis. In this review, we elaborate on the ideal properties of 3D scaffolds for enhanced bone regeneration in osteonecrosis, including biocompatibility, degradability, porosity, and mechanical performance. In addition, we summarize the development of 3D scaffolds alone or functionalized with bioactive factors for accelerating bone regeneration in osteonecrosis and discuss their prospects for translation to clinical practice.

The treatment of infected bone defects includes infection control and repair of the bone defect. The development of biomaterials with anti-infection and osteogenic ability provides a promising strategy for the repair of infected bone defects. Owing to its antibacterial properties, chitosan (an emerging natural polymer) has been widely studied in bone tissue engineering. Moreover, it has been shown that chitosan promotes the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast-related cells, and can serve as an ideal carrier for bone-promoting substances. In this review, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying the antibacterial effects of chitosan and its ability to promote bone repair are discussed. Furthermore, the properties of several kinds of functionalized chitosan are analyzed and compared with those of pure chitosan. The latest research on the combination of chitosan with different types of functionalized materials and biomolecules for the treatment of infected bone defects is also summarized. Finally, the current shortcomings of chitosan-based biomaterials for the treatment of infected bone defects and future research directions are discussed. This review provides a theoretical basis and advanced design strategies for the use of chitosan-based biomaterials in the treatment of infected bone defects.

Osteoporosis is an age-related metabolic disease that results in limited bone regeneration capacity and excessive osteoclast activity. After arthroplasty in patients with osteoporosis, poor interface osseointegration resulting from insufficient bone regeneration ability often leads to catastrophic complications such as prosthesis displacement and loosening and periprosthetic fractures. In this study, we prepared a thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to promote osteogenesis and osteoprotegerin (OPG) to inhibit excessive osteoclast activity. To construct three-dimensional (3D)-printed composite scaffolds for implantation, a hydrogel loaded with drugs was injected into porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds. The 3D-printed composite scaffolds showed good biocompatibility and sustained release of BMP-2 and OPG for more than 20 days. In vitro experiments indicated that composite scaffolds promoted osteogenic differentiation and reduced the osteoclastic activation simultaneously. Remarkably, immunofluorescence staining, micro-CT, histological, and biomechanical tests demonstrated that the sustained release of both BMP-2 and OPG from composite scaffolds significantly improved bone ingrowth and osseointegration in osteoporotic defects. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the BMP-2- and OPG-loaded 3D-printed composite scaffolds can potentially promote osseointegration for osteoporotic patients after joint replacement.

Abstract Background Malignant liver tumor is one of the main causes of human death. In order to help physician better diagnose and make personalized treatment schemes, in clinical practice, it is often necessary to segment and visualize the liver tumor from abdominal computed tomography images. Due to the large number of slices in computed tomography sequence, developing an automatic and reliable segmentation method is very favored by physicians. However, because of the noise existed in the scan sequence and the similar pixel intensity of liver tumors with their surrounding tissues, besides, the size, position and shape of tumors also vary from one patient to another, automatic liver tumor segmentation is still a difficult task. Results We perform the proposed algorithm to the Liver Tumor Segmentation Challenge dataset and evaluate the segmentation results. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method achieved an average Dice score of 68.4% for tumor segmentation by using the designed network, and ASD, MSD, VOE and RVD improved from 27.8 to 21, 147 to 124, 0.52 to 0.46 and 0.69 to 0.73, respectively after performing adversarial training strategy, which proved the effectiveness of the proposed method. Conclusions The testing results show that the proposed method achieves improved performance, which corroborated the adversarial training based strategy can achieve more accurate and robustness results on liver tumor segmentation task.

Osteoporosis leads to various complications, such as prosthesis loosening and periprosthetic fracture, after joint replacement. This is mainly due to the impaired osteogenesis and excessive osteoclastic activity in osteoporotic microenvironment, which leads to insufficient osseointegration between prostheses and host bone. In this study, a functional drug-releasing inorganic–organic bioactive interface was constructed, comprising inorganic three-dimensional (3D) printed porous titanium alloy interface and organic poloxamer 407 temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with a novel anti-osteoporosis drug (technetium methylenediphosphonate, 99Tc-MDP). The inorganic–organic bioactive interface showed good biocompatibility and exhibited a sustained release profile. This performance enhanced osteogenic differentiation, inhibited the expression of osteoclast-related genes and inhibited the osteoclastogenesis, as compared with traditional bisphosphonates (alendronate) in vitro. When implanted into the distal femoral defect using an osteoporotic rabbit model, the 99Tc-MDP-loaded bioactive interface exhibited the most stable osseointegration with native bone. Furthermore, the drug delivery system inhibited osteoclastic activity via regulation of the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (OPG/RANKL) signaling pathway, which significantly ameliorated the osteoporosis status to effectively prevent continuous bone destruction around the interface. This study has clinical significance, as it demonstrates that the 99Tc-MDP modified inorganic–organic interface serve as a novel artificial prosthetic interface for patients with poor osteogenesis.

A diabetic foot ulcer (DFUs) is a state of prolonged chronic inflammation, which can result in amputation. Different from normal skin wounds, various commercially available dressings have not sufficiently improved the healing of DFUs. In this study, a novel self-healing hydrogel was prepared by in situ crosslinking of N -carboxyethyl chitosan ( N -chitosan) and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) with hyaluronic acid-aldehyde (HA-ALD), to provide a moist and inflammatory relief environment to promote stem cell proliferation or secretion of growth factors, thus accelerating wound healing. The results demonstrated that this injectable and self-healing hydrogel has excellent swelling properties, stability, and mechanical properties. This biocompatible hydrogel stimulated secretion of growth factors from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and regulated the inflammatory environment by inhibiting the expression of M1 macrophages and promoting the expression of M2 macrophages, resulting in granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, nucleated cell proliferation, neovascularization, and enhanced diabetic wound healing. This study showed that N -chitosan/HA-ALD hydrogel could be used as a multifunctional injectable wound dressing to regulate chronic inflammation and provide an optimal environment for BM-MSCs to promote diabetic wound healing.

Patients with osteoporosis are more likely to suffer prosthesis displacement, subsidence or periprosthesis fracture after prosthesis replacement. This is due to excessive osteoclast activity and a lack of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) integration at the implant-bone interface locally in the setting of osteoporosis. In order to inhibit local excessive bone resorption and promote bone integration, we have constructed a porous titanium/poloxamer 407 hydrogel system loaded with zoledronate (ZOL), a bisphosphonate, to promote osteointegration in a rabbit model of osteoporosis. This composite scaffold (ZOL/gTi) showed good biocompatibility and sustained ZOL release along with the degradation of hydrogel. Not only does this system provide a three-dimensional structural network for BMSC proliferation but also locally released ZOL promotes proliferation and osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting osteoclast differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. After implantation of ZOL/gTi into a distal femoral defect in the rabbits, micro-CT, histological, push-out, as well as genetic and protein analyses revealed significant promotion of osteointegration with the aid of this composite scaffold. Here, we provide an important theoretical basis for the research and development of bioactive implant interfaces for patients with osteogenic defects, such as osteoporosis. Keywords: Bioactive interface, Zoledronate, Osteoporotic microenvironment, Osseointegration

Summary: In the latest decade, two-dimensional (2D) π-d conjugated metal organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed from metal ions with square-planar coordination geometry and benzene- or triphenylene-derived ligands with ortho-disubstituted N, O, or S donor atoms have received great research interests because of their exceptional physical properties and promising applications. New MOFs of this class are constantly being reported, but 2D metal bis(diselenolene) MOFs based on organic ligands with ortho-disubstituted Se donor atoms have not been synthesized. Herein, a Lewis-acid-induced dealkylation protocol is introduced to the synthesis of arenepolyselenols and related coordination polymers. A triphenylene-derived diselenaborole compound is synthesized and employed as precursor reagent for the synthesis of 2,3,6,7,10,11-triphenylenehexaselenol (H6TPHS) and the first conductive metal organic framework namely Co-TPHS based on triphenylenehexaselenolate (TPHS6−). Co-TPHS exhibits porous honeycomb 2D structure and electrically conductive and glassy magnetic properties. : Subject Areas: Chemical Synthesis; Magnetic Property; Polymers Subject Areas: Chemical Synthesis, Magnetic Property, Polymers

Bone nonunion has become one of the most severe sequelae of fractures, infections, bone tumors, or revision arthroplasty owing to its high morbidity and disability rate. Recently, bone nonunion has received considerable attention from plastic surgeons. There are different treatment methods for nonunion depending on its classification according to the etiology and pathological types. Bone tissue engineering provides advanced platforms for the treatment of bone nonunion via the use of material scaffolds with sufficient mechanical strength. Meanwhile, it promotes bone regeneration and osseointegration by the addition of various growth factors or drugs. This review describes in detail the classification and leading causes of nonunion, as well as the clinical treatment methods and basic research progress, including the design of metal and bioactive material scaffolds. Future challenges in engineering, material science, and three-dimensional printing are also summarized. This article may provide new perspectives of the clinical translation for the treatment of bone nonunion by understanding the pathogenic mechanism and the rational application of bioactive scaffolds. Keywords: Material, Bone nonunion, Classification, Pathological feature, Treatment progress

Abstract Nanocrystals of a 2D π–d conjugated copper bis(diselenolene) coordination polymer (Cu‐BHS, BHS = benzenehexaselenolate) are synthesized via a simple homogeneous reaction between cupric ions and benzenehexaselenol (H6BHS). Its 2D extended hexagonal lattice is confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction, and further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity measured on compressed powder sample reaches 110 S cm−1 at 300 K, which is among the highest value ever reported for coordination polymers. Furthermore, the intrinsic metallic characteristics of Cu‐BHS are confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and band structure calculation.