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Introduction: The effect of the quantity of olfactory neuroepithelium in the middle turbinate on the postoperative olfactory function for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients has not yet been evaluated. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the olfactory structures in the middle turbinate by immunohistochemical analysis of the olfactory marker protein and to correlate the immunostaining results with the olfaction test results for patients with middle turbinate concha bullosa. Methods: Surgical materials of 18 middle turbinate concha bullosa patients who had undergone lateral marsupialization surgery were immunostained with olfactory marker protein antibodies. Smell diskettes olfaction test was applied to all of the study group patients both preoperatively and three months postoperatively. A visual analog scale was used to quantify the sense of nasal obstruction. Results: It was observed that the postoperative smell scores and the nasal obstruction visual analog scale values were significantly improved as compared to the preoperative values (p 0.05). Conclusion: This first paper demonstrated that the quantity of the olfactory mucosa in the middle turbinate was not a determining factor for the postoperative smell function degree for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients. The underlying cause of the olfactory deficit for middle turbinate concha bullosa patients seems to be obstruction related rather than the middle turbinate’s olfactory mucosa containing status.

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of paper patch closure of tympanic membrane perforation in patients with otomycosis and tympanic membrane perforation.Methods:Fifty-six otomycosis patients with central tympanic membrane perforations were included in the study. Patients were randomized into two groups as patched (PG) and non-patched (NPG) groups. In both groups, Castellani’s solution was applied to the external auditory canal. In PG patients, the perforated tympanic membrane was covered with carbon paper patch soaked in Castellani’s solution to reduce ear canal humidity and to prevent fungi from passing from the ear canal to the middle ear mucosa. Paper patch was not used in NPG patients.Results:There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of severity scores in the first, second, third, fourth and sixth weeks of admission (p=0.004, p=0.018, p=0.001, p=0.009, and p

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy and it can cause cystic metastasis to the neck region. Branchial cleft cysts (BCCs) are among the most commonly encountered congenital cystic neck masses. PTC metastasis into BCC has been rarely reported in the literature. In this case report we report a patient presenting with a cystic neck mass for which fine needle aspiration biopsy was reported as benign cytology and eventually was diagnosed as PTC metastasis to the BCC. The importance of investigating the thyroglobulin levels in fine needle aspiration materials of cystic neck masses for early diagnosis of possible PTC metastasis is specifically emphasized.

Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is frequently used for diagnosing, staging, and following-up various malignancy types because it provides information on the site and metabolic activity of the tumor. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake by the normal laryngeal tissue is symmetric and low, whereas that under some non-malignant conditions of the larynx, such as vocal cord paralysis and Teflon granuloma, is asymmetrically increased. We reported the first case of histologically proven Reinke’s edema causing false-positive laryngeal FDG uptake on PET/CT imaging. A clinician must be aware of these rare benign lesions in the case of increased FDG uptake, and histopathological investigation is mandatory to rule out malignancy for suspicious cases.

Physiological changes of the thyroid gland encountered during pregnancy can cause previously diagnosed thyroid nodules to grow or new nodules to form. Surgery of the slowly growing, localized, non-metastatic, well-differentiated, thyroid cancers diagnosed during pregnancy can be delayed to after delivery, whereas rapidly growing and metastatic cancers with compressive symptoms may be a candidate for surgery during pregnancy. In this case report, we present a case of cervical metastatic papillary thyroid cancer diagnosed and treated by total thyroidectomy and right functional neck dissection during pregnancy in a 22-year-old pregnant woman at 23-week pregnancy. In this case report, the optimal treatment for papillary thyroid cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is discussed under the light of current endocrine guidelines and previous case reports and series.

Hairy polyp is a rare, benign tumor that comprises ectodermal and mesodermal germ layers. The embryogenesis of hairy polyp is precisely unknown, and concurrently, it has a female predominance. Although hairy polyp is observed in every part of the body; it is frequently located in the nasopharynx and oropharynx. Respiratory distress and feeding difficulties are the most related symptoms. Differential diagnoses comprise hemangioma, teratoma, epidermoid cyst, neuroblastoma, and meningocele. In this report, a seven-year-old patient who was admitted to our clinic with swallowing difficulty because of an oropharyngeal hairy polyp was described.

Inhaled or ingested foreign bodies are relatively common causes of airway obstructions. They can be associated with significant morbidity and even mortality. Although various foreign bodies are aspirated or ingested, live leeches are rarely encountered. We reported a case of a live leech at the base of the tongue in an 18-year-old female patient with a history of unfiltered spring water drinking. We discussed the surgical technique and importance of anesthesia with this brief study.

Sudden hearing loss in the only hearing ear cases are rarely published in the English literature; most of the cases are idiopathic. It is an otologic emergency needing urgent treatment. Delayed diagnosis can interfere with patient’s social life with interrupting the verbal communication. In this case report we presented a 33-year-old female patient having sudden sensorineural hearing loss in the only hearing ear diagnosed as bilateral large vestibular aqueduct syndrome.