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The DATASET compiles 1.945 files corresponding to individual images of glasses containing red wine. The photographs of glasses containing wine were acquired by researchers with different smartphones equipped with high-resolution cameras (12 or 48 MP). Photographs were previously designed considering usual photographic parameters. Each file name is unique and contains information of the parameters under which the photograph was taken.

The DATASET compiles 229 files corresponding to individual images of glasses containing red wine. The photographs of glasses containing wine were acquired by wine consumers with different smartphones equipped with high-resolution cameras (12 or 48 MP). Each file name is unique and contains information of the parameters under which the photo-graph was taken.

Background and Objectives: A protective effect of wine consumption against cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been described; however, it is still unknown the mechanism of protection of red wine (RW) polyphenols on the development and pathophysiology of AD. Using APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which develop brain beta-amyloid deposits between 6 -7 months of age, we investigated whether moderate RW consumption, exerts a protective effect on the early phases of AD. Methods: Fifty male and female mice, aged 2 months, were distributed into the following groups: (1) Wild-type mice; (2) APP/PS1 transgenic mice; (3) APP/PS1 mice supplemented with 1mL/day of RW, equivalent to a moderate human daily consumption of 200 mL wine (HD200); (4) APP/PS1 mice supplemented with 1 mL/day of dealcoholized RW and (5) APP/PS1 mice supplemented with 2 mL/day of dealcoholized RW (HD400). The phenolic composition of the RW was analysed to define the daily dose of wine polyphenols. The supplementation with wine was carried out in drinking water and lasted for 6 months to mimic a regular and lasting consumption in humans. All mice were fed a standard diet and sacrificed at 8 months of age. Brain ß-amyloid plaques were quantified by measuring the concentration of Aß42 in the hippocampus by ELISA. Wine intake was monitored by the determination of biological metabolites of wine polyphenols in urine samples. Results: Supplementation with an equivalent dose of 400 mL of dealcoholized wine in humans significantly reduced total Aß42 levels in the brains of both sexes (P<0.05 vs APP/PS1 mice fed with water alone). Supplementation with 200 ml of wine, both with and without alcohol, also tended to reduce Aß42 levels in male mice, which exhibited a lower degree of amyloidosis than female mice, thus suggesting a dose-response effect. Discussion: These preliminary results suggests that daily consumption of 400 mL (2 mL/day in mice model) of dealcoholized red wine, could protect against ß-amyloid

The Mediterranean Diet has been proposed as a dietary pattern model to prevent or delay brain dysfunction in part associated to the polyphenol-rich food intake including red wine. Studying the metabolic profile of Alzheimer¿s disease (AD) patients versus healthy (C) volunteers may offer the possibility to identify potential targets to treat or delay the onset of the disease. The objective of this work was to identify differences in the urinal, plasmatic and fecal metabolic profile in AD patients compared with matched controls in the context of a Mediterranean Diet with special focus on wine consumption. For this, C (n=53) and AD patients (n=50) of both sexes (55-75 y) recruited at the Hospital San Pedro of La Rioja, Spain, participated in an observational study. Data concerning dietary habits were obtained during a personal interview. Phenolic metabolites were determined in urine and feces by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) whereas plasmatic and fecal short chain fatty acids including acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, valeric, isovaleric and caproic acids were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A major proportion of wine consumers was observed in the C group (70%) than in the AD group (44%), these were categorized into low (43 and 36% in C and AD, respectively), moderate (43 and 50% in C and AD, respectively) and high consumers (14% in both C and AD). Metabolomic analysis revealed major content of phenolic species (p<0.05) associated with wine consumption including malvidin, hydroxytyrosol, phenyl acids, resveratrol and gallic acid related compounds in the urine of the C than the AD group. Feces of healthy participants showed higher abundance of pyrogallol and some phenolic acids (p<0.05) and tended to contain more caproic acid (p=0.0718) compared to fecal samples of AD volunteers. In plasma, butyric acid tended to be higher in the control group (p=0.088). These preliminar

Proanthocyanidins are important phenolic fraction for wine quality, contributing to astringency, bitterness and color. Their metabolism begins in the mouth and continues throughout the gastrointestinal tract; however, most of them are accumulated in the colon where are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota, giving rise to a whole series of phenolic acids that may have greater activity at physiological level than the precursors[1]. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the bioaccessibility of proanthocyanidins in a red wine developed by Bodegas Pradorey, as well as to evaluate the potential effect of intestinal microbiota on polyphenols metabolism identifying and quantifying secondary metabolites. The evaluation of the effects of the intestinal microbiota was carried out using an in vitro Digester of Colonic Fermentation. The fecal microbiota was inoculated, and 100 mL of red wine was added daily for 14 days. For the determination of proanthocyanidins and phenolic metabolites, related, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) was used. The major phenolic metabolites detected were propionic and acetic acid, and the highest concentrations were detected in the transverse and descending colon, mainly at the end of fermentation process. On the other hand, the main families of microbial proanthocyanidin metabolites detected were valerolactones and benzoic acids mainly between 10-14 days of wine fermentation.

Addressing modifiable risk factors is considered the most promising strategy to prevent or delay Alzheimer Disease (AD)[1]. The aim of the study was to establish the connections between dietetic habits and wine consumption and AD. To achieve this objective, 98 volunteers were recruited: 50 diagnosed as AD and 48 healthy/controls. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used for dietary patterns assessment and, based on these data, the Mind Diet Score was calculated. Simultaneously and in order to establish firm evidence of the possible differences between dietary phenol consumption (especially derived from the wine consumption), the phenol metabolites were analysed by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS in 24-h urine samples. In addition, two serum markers of inflammation (IL-6) and cardiovascular risk (VCAM) were analyzed by Luminex technology. Our results showed a lower wine consumption in AD group (p=0.013), even when adjusted by confounding factors (p=0.040). A higher Mind Diet Score was also associated with prevention of AD (p=0.013 and p=0.003 after adjustments). In agreement with these results, the phenolic metabolites (some of them characteristic of wine consumption) were detected in higher concentrations in the control samples. Interestingly, lower Il-6 and VCAM serum levels were observed in controls when compared with AD patients, even after proper adjustments (p=0.002-p=0.000 for IL-6 and p=0.000 and p=0.014 for VCAM).

Winemaking generates underused vegetable residues such as skins and seeds which retain considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols. In line with the principles of the circular bio-economy, this study was carried out using wine by-products as a functional food ingredient. For this, we have formulated a wine by-products-based beverage rich in anthocyanidins (58 mg/100 mL), flavonols (11.3 mg/100 mL), flavan-3-ols (8.5 mg/100 mL) and pectin (581 mg/100 mL) to study its hypoglycaemic properties. For this, 10 healthy adults of both sexes (50% female, 24-46 y) were recruited to participate in a three independent days¿ pilot trial. Under fasting conditions, the postprandial glycaemia of volunteers was monitored after three different interventions: (i) water + sugar, (ii) beverage + sugar and (iii) beverage + water. In parallel, blood samples were collected using dried blood spot cards to determinate the polyphenol bioavailability by ultra-high liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Based on the reduction of the iAUC of glucose observed between (ii) beverage + sugar and (iii) water + sugar interventions, subjects were classified into responders (>10% of iAUC reduction, n=6) and non-responders (n=4). Regarded blood polyphenols, hydroxyphenyl propionic acid, hippuric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and catechol sulphate were detected and quantified at different time points. The iAUC of hydroxyphenyl propionic acid was statistically higher within responders after the (ii) beverage + water intervention compared with the (iii) beverage + water intervention. On the other hand, the iAUC of glucose and hydroxyphenyl propionic acid was statistically higher in non-responders than responders after (ii) beverage + sugar intervention. In addition, individual analysis of blood glucose and phenolic metabolites showed an unclear kinetic association in both, responders and non-responders indicating that glucose absorption rate could be influenced

Objetivo: Caracterizar microbiota intestinal en pacientes con Enfermedad de Alzheimer prodrómica (EA) y grupo control (C), su relación con adherencia a dieta Mind (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention Diet for Neurodegenerative Delay)) y factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Sujetos y metodología: 99 individuos, entre 52 y 78 años (49 controles, 50 EA). Se recogieron variables clínicas. Secuenciación del gen del ARNr 16S bacteriano (Illumina MiSeq, 2x300 pb). Análisis de alfa y beta diversidad y abundancia diferencial (plataforma QIIME2). Resultados: Grupo (C): mujeres (61,22%), edad media (64,86), nivel educativo (superiores 39%), HTA (26,53%), hipercolesterolemia (53,06%), DM (4,08%), MMSE (29,43 media), consumo de vino (69,39%), adherencia a Mind-Diet (46,9%). Grupo EA: mujeres (68%), edad media (70,02), nivel educativo (primarios 51%), HTA (44%), Hipercolesterolemia (52%), DM (20%), consumo de vino (45,1%), adherencia a Mind-Diet (24%), MMSE (26,66 media). Mayor proporción de DM y niveles de glucemia en EA (p=0,03 y p=0,02 respectivamente) y de HTA, sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Menor adherencia a dieta Mind y menor consumo de vino (p=0,02 y p=0,01 respectivamente) en EA. Mayor alfa diversidad en controles (índices observed features y chao). Cuando casos y controles se clasificaron en función de adherencia a Mind, el análisis beta-diversidad por Bray-Curtis rozó significación (p=0,059) y el género Lachnospiraceae_FCS020 resultó en menor abundancia en EA con menor adherencia a la Mind. Conclusión: Los pacientes con EA presentan mayor incidencia de DM e HTA, menor consumo de vino, menor adherencia a dieta Mind y menor diversidad bacteriana. El género bacteriano Lachnospiraceae_FCS020 en EA y su asociación con dieta Mind necesita ser investigado.

[EN] This study arises from the need to propose new methodologies to quantify wine consumption more precisely in order to use subsequently this information in observational food-health studies and dietary intervention studies. It has been developed an algorithm based on a “deep learning” method to determine wine volume from a single-view image, and it has been validated through a consumer study developed via a web application. The new model demonstrated satisfactory performance not only in a “daily lifelike” images dataset but also in “real” images (obtained from the consumer study), with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 10 and 26 mL, respectively. In relation to the data reported by the participants in the consumer study (n=38), average red wine volume in a glass was 114±33 mL, without being affected by factors such as gender, time of consumption, type of wine or type of glass. Therefore, the deep learning system together with the web application developed in this study constitute a diet monitoring tool of substantial value in the accurate assessment of daily wine intake, as well as in the habits of its consumption, with relevant applications in observational studies., [ES] Este estudio surge de la necesidad de nuevas metodologías que permitan cuantificar el consumo de vino con mayor precisión, para posteriormente utilizar esta información en estudios observacionales de alimentación-salud y estudios de intervención de dieta. Se ha desarrollado un algoritmo basado en un método de “aprendizaje profundo”, que permite determinar el volumen de vino en una copa/vaso a partir de una fotografía, y se ha validado en un estudio de consumidores realizado a través de una aplicación web. La aplicación del modelo a imágenes “cuasi-reales” y a imágenes "reales" (obtenidas a partir del estudio de consumidores), ha mostrado una precisión satisfactoria con un error absoluto medio (MAE) de 10 mL y 26 mL, respectivamente. En relación a las pautas de consumo de vino observadas en el estudio de consumidores (n=38), el volumen medio de vino tinto servido en una copa fue de 114±33 mL, sin estar condicionado por factores como el sexo del consumidor, el momento de consumo, el tipo de vino, o el formato de copa/vaso. En síntesis, el sistema de aprendizaje profundo desarrollado junto con la aplicación web, constituyen una herramienta de gran valor para la estimación precisa del volumen de vino consumido diariamente, así como las pautas de su consumo, de gran utilidad para estudios poblacionales

In this paper, we present a method to determine the volume of wine in different types of glass liquid containers from a single-view image. The proposed model predicts red wine volume from a photograph of the glass containing the wine. Experimental results demonstrated satisfactory performance of our image-based wine measurement system, with a Mean Absolute Error lower than 10mL. To train and evaluate our system, we introduced the WineGut_BrainUp dataset, a new dataset of glasses of wine that contains 24305 laboratory images, including a wide range of containers, volumes of wine, backgrounds, object distances, angles and lightning, with or without calibration object. The proposed methodology is a suitable analytical tool for automate measurement of red wine volume. Indeed, it has potential real life applications in diet monitoring and wine consumption studies.

[EN] Web application to recopilate information about dietary routines in citizens, [ES] Aplicación web para la recopilación de información sobre rutinas de alimentación en la población

The present study aimed to evaluate the metabolism and bioavailability of anthocyanins (ACN) and other phenolics from red-fleshed apple (RFA) and to define the intake biomarkers compared to common white-fleshed apple (WFA). Acute and sustained (6-week) interventions were combined in a randomized, controlled and parallel study with 121 hypercholesterolemic subjects. Another arm consuming ACN-rich infusion from aronia fruit (ARO) provided matched content and profile of ACN. Plasma, urine and faeces samples were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. Results showed higher bioavailability of ACN after ARO compared to RFA, showing a clear apple matrix effect. The dihydrochalcone phloretin-2¿ -O-glucuronide was the most discriminant intake biomarker of both apples. The urinary peonidin-3-O-galactoside was a good biomarker after both ARO and RFA intakes, whereas peonidin-O-arabinoside was reported to be specific from ARO. The elucidation of the phenolic metabolism and the selection of intake biomarkers is a promising approach to relate phenolic compounds and human health.

Red-fleshed apple cultivars with an enhanced content of anthocyanins have recently attracted the interest of apple producers and consumers due to their attractive color and promising added health benefits. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive overview of new hybrid red-fleshed apples, mainly focusing on their (poly)phenolic composition, the effect of processing, the (poly)phenolic bioavailability and the biological effects. Evidence so far from in vitro and in vivo studies supports their added beneficial effects compared to common apples on health outcomes such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation and immune function, which are mainly related to their specific (poly)phenol composition.

Functional decline (dementia) during aging results in the deterioration of physical and cognitive capacities. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease that accounts for 60% of all patients with dementia. Unfortunately, there are no effective or preventive treatments for this disease [1]. Addressing modifiable risk factors is considered to be the most promising strategy to prevent or delay Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, diet is a modifiable environmental factor that has been associated with many non-communicable diseases with connections to dementia [2]. A large body of scientific evidence, mostly observational studies, suggests a direct role for dietetic habits nutrition on clinical measures of cognitive status in older adults. Due to the complex biological interactions between different components of the diet, it has been proposed that the use of a whole-diet approach, through the study of dietary patterns rather than individual nutrients or food groups, might help to understand the role of diet in Alzheimer¿s disease and related dementia [3]. Thus, the aim of the study was to establish the connections between dietetic habits, body mass and waist index in the protection against Alzheimer's disease in an environment of other multiple lifestyle factors. To achieve this goal, a retrospective observational study of cases and controls has been carried out. For this, 95 volunteers have been studied: 46 were included in the Alzheimer group (mean age 70.4) and 49 in the control group (mean age 65.0). For the diet and nutritional evaluation, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the Three-Day Record (3-DR) were used. FFQ includes 115 foods structured in 9 groups [4] and, based on these data, the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was also calculated. In addition, the 3-DR is a prospective method in an open format which collects information on the foods and beverages consumed in a previously specified period of time [5]. From this, the ana

The impact of a red-fleshed apple (RFA) rich in anthocyanins (ACNs), a white-fleshed apple (WFA) without ACNs, and an extract infusion from Aronia fruit (AI) equivalent in dose of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (main ACN) as RFA was determined by the proteome profile of aorta and heart as key cardiovascular tissues. HypercholesterolaemicWistar rats were separated into six groups (n = 6/group; three males and three females) and the proteomic profiles were analyzed using nanoliquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. No adverse events were reported and all products were well tolerated. RFA downregulated C1QB and CFP in aorta and CRP in heart. WFA downregulated C1QB and CFP in aorta and C9 and C3 in aorta and heart, among other proteins. AI downregulated PRKACA, IQGAP1, and HSP90AB1 related to cellular signaling. Thus, both apples showed an anti-inflammatory effect through the complement system, while RFA reduced CRP. Regardless of the ACN content, an apple matrix effect was observed that involved different bioactive components, and inflammatory proteins were reduced.

The impact of a red-fleshed apple (RFA) rich in anthocyanins (ACNs), a white-fleshed apple (WFA) without ACNs, and an extract infusion from Aronia fruit (AI) equivalent in dose of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside (main ACN) as RFA was determined by the proteome profile of aorta and heart as key cardiovascular tissues. Hypercholesterolaemic Wistar rats were separated into six groups (n = 6/group; three males and three females) and the proteomic profiles were analyzed using nanoliquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. No adverse events were reported and all products were well tolerated. RFA downregulated C1QB and CFP in aorta and CRP in heart. WFA downregulated C1QB and CFP in aorta and C9 and C3 in aorta and heart, among other proteins. AI downregulated PRKACA, IQGAP1, and HSP90AB1 related to cellular signaling. Thus, both apples showed an anti-inflammatory effect through the complement system, while RFA reduced CRP. Regardless of the ACN content, an apple matrix effect was observed that involved different bioactive components, and inflammatory proteins were reduced.

The present study aims to investigate the metabolic fate and the cardiometabolic effects of phenolic compounds provided by a red-fleshed apple variety biofortified in anthocyanins (ACN). Wistar rats are fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hypercholesterolemia and supplemented with red-fleshed apple (HFD+R), white-fleshed apple (HFD+W), or an ACN-rich infusion from aronia fruit (HFD+A) providing matched content and profile of ACN. Plasma biochemical parameters, histological analysis, and phenol biological metabolites are determined. Plasma, urine, and feces show a significant increase of ACN metabolites after HFD+R andHFD+A, while flavan-3-ols are significantly increased after HFD+W and dihydrochalcones derivatives increased after both apples supplementation. A cardioprotective effect sobserved after both apples and aronia infusion supplementation in the reduction of aortic thickness. The kidney function is improved after all supplementations and a decrease in insulin plasma concentration after both apples supplementation (HFD+R andHFD+W) is also observed. The findings support that ACN without apple matrix can induce cardioprotective effects. ACN or flavan-3-ols, together with dihydrochalcones, compose a phenolic phytocomplex in red- and white-fleshed apples, respectively, which can act synergistically in the attenuation of cardiovascular outcomes in hypercholesterolemic rats.

The present study aims to investigate the metabolic fate and the cardiometabolic effects of phenolic compounds provided by a red-fleshed apple variety biofortified in anthocyanins (ACN). Wistar rats are fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce hypercholesterolemia and supplemented with red-fleshed apple (HFD+R), white-fleshed apple (HFD+W), or an ACN-rich infusion from aronia fruit (HFD+A) providing matched content and profile of ACN. Plasma biochemical parameters, histological analysis, and phenol biological metabolites are determined. Plasma, urine, and feces show a significant increase of ACN metabolites after HFD+R and HFD+A, while flavan-3-ols are significantly increased after HFD+W and dihydrochalcones derivatives increased after both apples supplementation. A cardioprotective effect sobserved after both apples and aronia infusion supplementation in the reduction of aortic thickness. The kidney function is improved after all supplementations and a decrease in insulin plasma concentration after both apples supplementation (HFD+R and HFD+W) is also observed. The findings support that ACN without apple matrix can induce cardioprotective effects. ACN or flavan-3-ols, together with dihydrochalcones, compose a phenolic phytocomplex in red- and white-fleshed apples, respectively, which can act synergistically in the attenuation of cardiovascular outcomes in hypercholesterolemic rats.