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The name of the worship place is closely related to history, ideology, power, and society. Naming a worship place is a symbol of how power is represented through text in public spaces. This study aims to look at an environmental print by investigating the performance of religions in Malang, Indonesia, through the use of language in the names of worship places. Data was taken through photography totaling 157 names of worship places including mosques, churches, Buddhist temples, Hindu temples, and Chinese temples. Linguistic landscape analysis was carried out to investigate information and symbolic functions. The results show that writing the name of a place of worship involves seven languages, namely Bahasa Indonesia, Arabic, English, Javanese, Sanskrit, Dutch, and Chinese. Monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual forms emerge with Bahasa Indonesia's involvement in all patterns. These findings indicate that Bahasa Indonesia has a high level of language competence in society, in addition to language policy, power, and prestige. Bahasa Indonesian is used in all places of worship. It is also found in English. These two languages combine to support the existence of religious ideologies in the region. Other languages are only able to characterize religious and ethnic identities.

Language is the main instrument in the political communications in elections around the world. It has become equally important in the last Indonesian presidential candidate debate. The linguistic aspects of the construction of debates that discuss various themes regarding existential problems in the Indonesian republic has far-reaching consequences. In them, the numerous ethnic groups in Indonesia must be accommodated as much as possible in order to guarantee a sense of national unity. In the contemporary Indonesian political discourse, the sense of national unity is torn apart as a result of Papua being still turbulent with some people trying to separate themselves. In this context, the employment of regional languages in the presidential debate contributes to manifest the politics of language into a reflection of the presidential candidates' ability in recognizing the languages of all the vernacular ethnic groups. This research examines the use of vernacular languages in the presidential debates in Indonesia. The research employs descriptive qualitative research methods. Data source is the recorded text of the 2024 presidential candidate debates obtained from the TV broadcasts. Data collection involved 'listening' and note-taking as the techniques. The data analysis technique employed Norman Fairclough's critical discourse theory. The analysis examined the text as a construction of social identity, social relations, and meaning. The results show that in this debate, there has been a strong emphasis on the recognition of social identity of the people of Indonesia. The three regional languages used by the presidential candidate Anies Baswedan in the debate reflect these identities of different ethnic groups: Java, Sunda and Maluku. what Anies highlighted was his efforts to bring about interactions among the ethnic groups. He argued that they must interact with each other to produce Indonesia as a unified nation. Anies has employed the languages to articulate philosophical meanings related to the struggle, nobility, consistency, honesty, wisdom and femininity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a qualitative descriptive research that employs a sociolinguistic approach. This research aims to describe the codeswitching patterns employed by English language teachers in social interactions at SMK Negeri 1 Pringapus. This school is located in Semarang regency, Central Java, Indonesia, which is part of the Javanese-speaking community. The data for this study consists of oral utterances made by English language teachers at SMK N 1 Pringapus and their interlocutors during the process of code-choice, including single language use, code-switching, and code-mixing. The researcher employed various methods and techniques for data collection: 1) observation method using basic techniques such as tapping and advanced techniques including recording and note-taking; 2) interview method using in-depth interview techniques; 3) document method with documentation study techniques. Data analysis was conducted through the equivalent method. Data validity was ensured through triangulation techniques, including source triangulation, method triangulation, and expert judgment. The social interactions carried out by the English language teachers of SMK N 1 Pringapus involve the usage of code choice, including single-language variations, code-switching, and code-mixing. The patterns of code-choice are examined based on domains (work and friendship), situations (formal and informal), the age of the interlocutor (younger, same age, and older), and the interlocutor’s position (lower, equal, and higher). Additionally, the roles and functions of the emerging languages used are also identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]