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Introduction: Noise, in particular, environmental noise is the undesirable sound produced by urbanization and industrialization process affecting human health such as hypertension, hearing loss, and sleep disturbances. We conducted a study analyzing noise pollution status and students' and teachers' perceptions of noise pollution at primary schools. Methods: The noise level is monitored during daytime (0700-2200 hours), simultaneously the questionnaires were distributed to students and teachers for subjective evaluation. Results: The evaluated equivalent noise level (LAeq) was 61.7 to 69.4 dBA on the school day and 62.2 to 62.3 dBA on the non-school day. For both school and non-school days, the Lmax is higher at schools located in the industrial area (77.0 dBA) rather than schools located in the residential area (74.5 dBA). Students agreed that the classroom was noisy (95%) and outside classroom noise that was heard by students is bell (43%), followed by traffic noise (26%). Additionally, the majority of teachers for both schools responded that road traffic (11.59%) is the source of outside school noise and most interference noise during the classes was produced by students (13.04%). Conclusion: Findings of this study are beneficial for policymakers and stakeholders in sense of noise pollution management at schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research on microplastics has largely focused on the environment and marine organisms until recently. A growing body of evidence has detected microplastics in human organs and tissues, with their exact entry routes being unclear and their potential health effects remain unknown. This scoping review aimed to characterise microplastics in human tissues and organs, examine their entry routes and addressing gaps in research analytical techniques., Methods: Eligibility criteria included English language full text articles, in-vivo human studies only, and searching the databases using pre-defined terms. We based our analysis and reporting on the PRISMA guideline and examined the quality of evidence using the risk of bias assessment tool., Results: Of 3616 articles screened, 223 evaluated and 26 were eventually included in this review. Nine were high risk for bias, three were unclear risk and the rest low risk for bias. Microplastics were detected in 8/12 human organ systems including cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, integumentary, lymphatic, respiratory, reproductive and urinary. Microplastics were also observed in other human biological samples such as breastmilk, meconium, semen, stool, sputum and urine. Microplastics can be characterised based on shape, colours, and polymer type. Potential entry routes into human included atmospheric inhalation and ingestion through food and water. The extraction techniques for analysis of microplastics in human tissues vary significantly, each offering distinct advantages and limitations., Conclusions: Microplastics are commonly detected in human tissues and organs, with distinct characteristics and entry routes, and variable analytical techniques exist., Competing Interests: Disclosure of interest: The authors completed the ICMJE Disclosure of Interest (available upon request from the corresponding author) and disclose no relevant interests., (Copyright © 2024 by the Journal of Global Health. All rights reserved.)