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Mostafa Yusefi,1,2 Kamyar Shameli,3 Hossein Jahangirian,4 Sin-Yeang Teow,5 Leili Afsah-Hejri,6 Siti Nur Amalina Mohamad Sukri,1 Kamil Kuča1,7,8 1Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; 3Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany; 4CaroGen Corporation, Farmington, CT, USA; 5Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Food Safety and Quality, School of Business, Science and Technology, Lakeland University Plymouth, WI 53073, USA; 7Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; 8Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicCorrespondence: Kamyar Shameli; Hossein Jahangirian, Tel +4917646555701 ; +16178608429, Email kamyarshameli@gmail.com; kamran.jahangirian@gmail.comAbstract: Chemotherapy is the most prominent route in cancer therapy for prolonging the lifespan of cancer patients. However, its non-target specificity and the resulting off-target cytotoxicities have been reported. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies using magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) for magnetothermal chemotherapy may potentially improve the therapeutic outcome by increasing the target selectivity. In this review, magnetic hyperthermia therapy and magnetic targeting using drug-loaded MNCs are revisited, focusing on magnetism, the fabrication and structures of magnetic nanoparticles, surface modifications, biocompatible coating, shape, size, and other important physicochemical properties of MNCs, along with the parameters of the hyperthermia therapy and external magnetic field. Due to the limited drug-loading capacity and low bioc

Mostafa Yusefi,1 Kamyar Shameli,1 Ong Su Yee,1 Sin-Yeang Teow,2 Ziba Hedayatnasab,3,4 Hossein Jahangirian,5 Thomas J Webster,5 Kamil Kuča1,6 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Malaysia; 2Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia; 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; 4Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155-9465, Iran; 5Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; 6Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech RepublicCorrespondence: Kamyar Shameli; Kamil Kuča Email kamyarshameli@gmail.com; kamil.kuca@uhk.czIntroduction: Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) with multiple functionalities are intriguing candidates for various biomedical applications.Materials and Methods: This study introduced a simple and green synthesis of Fe3O4 NPs using a low-cost stabilizer of plant waste extract rich in polyphenols content with a well-known antioxidant property as well as anticancer ability to eliminate colon cancer cells. Herein, Fe3O4 NPs were fabricated via a facile co-precipitation method using the crude extract of Garcinia mangostana fruit peel as a green stabilizer at different weight percentages (1, 2, 5, and 10 wt.%). The samples were analyzed for magnetic hyperthermia and then in vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed.Results: The XRD planes of the samples were corresponding to the standard magnetite Fe3O4 with high crystallinity. From TEM analysis, the green synthesized NPs were spherical with an average size of 13.42± 1.58 nm and displayed diffraction rings of the Fe3O4 phase, which was in good a

In this work, performance of cow dung (CD) reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites was investigated for the potential use in load bearing application. CD of average 4 mm size was blended with PLA at different CD ratios (0–50 wt%) and their effects on the biocomposite properties were studied. The results showed an improvement in the flexural properties, while the tensile and impact strength dropped by 20 and 28% with the addition of 50% CD. The decline in the tensile and impact strength was due to micro-cracking and voids formation at higher CD content. Also, the incorporation of CD slightly decreased the thermal stability of the biocomposite. However, dynamic mechanical properties of the biocomposites generally improved. SEM analysis of tensile and impact fractured surfaces indicated that the CD had a reasonable adhesion with matrix. Moreover, the SEM micrographs of soil burial studies showed an accelerated degradation of higher CD wt% biocomposites.

The aim of this work is to investigate the reinforcing effects of cow dung (CD) on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) properties. The PLA/CD biocomposite blends with different CD ratios (0–50 wt.%) were prepared using an internal Brabender mixer followed by compression molding. The results showed an enhancement in flexural properties and an acceptable drop in tensile and impact strength with increasing CD loading. Incorporation of CD also led to an overall decline in thermal stability of the biocomposites. However, an improvement in dynamic mechanical properties of the biocomposites was recorded. For PLA based biocomposites, above Tg (60–65 °C), a difference in the dynamic modulus becomes more pronounced as the polymer shifts from glassy to rubbery state. SEM micrographs displayed an increase in the voids and surface roughness of biocomposites with increasing CD content. It was demonstrated that high strength, high modulus PLA/CD biocomposites can be fabricated with effective stress transfer even at 50 wt.% CD loading.

Various environmental drawbacks such as reduction in land fill space and nonbiodegradability lead to systematically investigate the replacing of synthetic composites by using biocomposites. Biocomposites possess suitable characterizations such as light weight, combustible, nontoxic, and biodegradability behavior. However, the final product of the biocomposites carries certain drawbacks in terms of mechanical, physical and thermal properties. In order to determine their characteristic, this research aided to figure out the possibility of applying cow dung (CD) as filler to prepare polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposite. The main objective of this research is to obtain a suitable composition ratio based on the filler and the hosting polymer. The CD of two different sizes, namely 4.00 mm and 0.5 mm were blended with PLA. PLA/CD biocomposites with different CD ratios (0-60 wt.%) were fabricated using an internal Brabender mixer (W50EHT-3zones) followed by a 40 tones hydraulic compression moulding. The results showed that the addition of CD led to improve flexural properties compared to tensile and impact strength. Biocomposites with 4.00 mm CD (bigger filler) mainly showed higher mechanical properties than those of 0.5 mm CD (smaller filler). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of tensile and impact fractured surfaces indicated that the bigger fillers had stronger adhesion and bonding with the matrix. Moreover, the cavities and rough surface of biocomposites increased with the filler content addition. This led to lower mechanical and physical properties of the biocomposites and increased water uptake during water absorption test accordingly. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) technique was also followed to determine both storage and loss modulus of the samples. Neat PLA indicted the lowest storage modulus, while the filler content addition generally improved the storage modulus. Results of hermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the addition of the filler content prolo