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Abstract Anaemia, a decrease in total concentration of haemoglobin (Hb) in blood, affects substantial percentage of the population worldwide. Currently, the gold standard for determining the Hb level is the invasive analysis of venous blood. Yet, more and more research groups demonstrate the possibility of non-invasive Hb assessment using white light imaging of tissue sites where Hb is the main chromophore, in particular, fingernails. Despite the promising declarations, non-invasive Hb assessment via RGB-imaging is still poorly used in practice. The main reason is the difficulty in establishing the true accuracy of the methods presented in different works since they are tested on private datasets collected under different experimental conditions. Here we present an open dataset containing RGB images of skin and fingernails for patients with a known level of Hb, thus providing a single benchmark for researchers and engineers in the field, aimed at fostering translation of non-invasive imaging methods to the bedside.

Despite problem solving being a core skill in chemistry, students often struggle to solve chemistry problems. This difficulty may arise from students trying to solve problems through memorising algorithms. Goldilocks Help serves as a problem-solving scaffold that supports students through structured problem solving and its elements, such as planning and evaluation. In this study, we investigated how first-year chemistry students solved problems, when taught with Goldilocks Help, and whether their problem-solving success and approaches changed over the course of one semester. The data comprised of student written problem-solving work, and was analysed using frequency analysis and grouped based on the problem-solving success and the extent of the demonstrated problem-solving elements. Throughout the course of semester, students exhibited increasingly consistent demonstration of structured problem solving. Nonetheless, they encountered difficulties in fully demonstrating such aspects of problem solving as understanding and evaluating concepts, which demand critical thinking and a firm grasp of chemistry principles. Overall, the study indicated progress in successful and structured problem solving, with a growing proportion of students demonstrating an exploratory approach as time progressed. These findings imply the need for incorporation of metacognitive problem-solving scaffolding, exposure to expert solutions, reflective assignments, and rubric-based feedback into wide teaching practice. Further research is required to extend the exploration of the effectiveness of metacognitive scaffolding, in particular "via" think-aloud interviews, which should help identify productive and unproductive uses of the problem-solving elements.

Two methods have been compared for determining the value of natural selection in the natural populations. The first method, based on the FST-statistics, employs the dependence of genetic diversity of a species on the value of gene flow between subpopulations of the species, derived from the assumption that all the mutations are close to selective neutrality, and subpopulations effect each other equally. Susceptibility to selection is estimated by the degree of deviation from this relationship between genetic diversity and gene flow in certain species. The second method is based on the probability theory and involves comparison between stabilities of the forms, competing in the population, which is computed using the data about fluctuations in their occurrence in several generations. As applied to the problems of genetic monitoring of rare and valuable species, the first method can be employed for express-assessment of susceptibility of a species to rapid intraspecific changes. The second method is suitable for a long-term and in-depth genetic monitoring of the species subjected to extremely intense natural selection of a disruptive or stabilizing form, which were revealed using the first method. There is a lack of long-term observations of intraspecific genetic variation of rare and protected species. The need for funds that finance long-term genetic research is substantiated.

Successful problem solving is a complex process that requires content knowledge, process skills, developed critical thinking, metacognitive awareness, and deep conceptual reasoning. Teaching approaches to support students developing problem-solving skills include worked examples, metacognitive and instructional scaffolding, and variations of these techniques. In this report, we describe a classroom activity, which involves a combination of metacognitive scaffolding, problem-solving practice, and critiquing of ChatGPT-generated solutions. It was demonstrated that students engaged with the idea of metacognition as part of the problem-solving toolbox and showed appreciation for the collaborative nature of problem solving. They were also able to identify mistakes and flaws in the provided erroneous solutions, albeit to varying degrees. The results also revealed that incoming university students likely require scaffolding to develop sophisticated critical-thinking skills.

Background. Despite the clear trend towards infant mortality decrease in our country, there are significant differences in values in some federal districts and regions of Russian Federation. Thus, the assessment of infant mortality rates and health indicators is crucial topic of scientific analysis. Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate selected child health indicators and infant mortality rates in the Chechen Republic. Methods. We have conducted the retrospective cross-sectional study of infant mortality rates, prematurity incidence, infant and newborn morbidity, and mortality of children born sick or got sick. The study was based on the data from official statistics and from the extraction of statistical reporting forms No. 12 and No. 32. Results. The Chechen Republic belongs to the regions with high infant mortality rate, however, it has decreased by 11.6% from 6.9 to 6.1‰ in 2018–2022. The major diseases causing lethal outcomes in infants in this region, and in Russia as a whole, were certain conditions that occur in the perinatal period, and congenital disorders. Meanwhile, mortality from respiratory diseases and some infectious and parasitic diseases exceeded the national average. Prematurity incidence in the republic was 1.5 times lower than the national average, newborns morbidity was 1.7 times lower, infants morbidity was 4.0 times lower. Trend analysis has revealed that prematurity incidence and newborns morbidity have slightly changed over 5 years (+2.2% and –1.0%), while infants morbidity had significant trend (–40.2%). All morbidity rates of children who died at the age under 1 year were significantly lower than the national average for all classes of diseases that are the most common for infants mortality. The mortality rates among children born sick or got sick were on average 5.4 times higher than similar indicators in Russia. The highest mortality rate was observed among children who died from perinatal conditions, congenital disorders, external causes, and some infectious and parasitic diseases. The level of the maternal and child health service performance was 0.44 on average over the 5-year interval, that corresponds to the average level of efficacy. Conclusion. This study has allowed to reveal that there is an urge to improve the organization of medical care for infants in the Chechen Republic.

INTRODUCTION. In the Russian Federation, among all malignant diseases in the male population, gastric cancer ranks the 4th, in women – 5th place, and in terms of mortality in both sexes from malignant diseases – 2nd place. During surgical treatment of patients with gastric cancer, anemia is detected in more than 1/4 of patients, who significantly worsens the prognosis due to postoperative complications. Timely correction of anemia can reduce the risk of complications during surgical treatment and improve the course of the postoperative period.OBJECTIVE is to evaluate the effectiveness of correction of anemia in the preoperative period and the results of radical surgical treatment in patients with gastric cancerMETHODS AND MATERIALS. The article presents the analysis of medical records of 30 patients aged 56–75 years with a diagnosis of gastric cancer complicated by anemia (hemoglobin level < 80 g/l). All patients in the preoperative period for the correction of anemia were prescribed iron (III) hydroxide oligoisomaltose intravenously at the dose of 20 mg/kg 21 days before surgery, due to the detection of iron deficiency in them.RESULTS. The target blood hemoglobin level was more than 95 g/l. In the absence of the desired effect, erythrocyte transfusion was performed. The use of iron preparations made it possible to correct anemia in 14 (46.7 %) patients without resorting to transfusions, in 16 (53.3 %) patients, it was required to additionally transfuse 1 dose of erythrocytes, while earlier in the preoperative anemia was corrected using transfusions of 2–3 doses of erythrocytes. All patients underwent radical surgery with D2 lymph node dissection. Operations were accompanied by blood loss of 201.0±94.4 ml (120–475 ml). It was revealed that radical surgeries for gastric cancer in patients who received anemia correction in the preoperative period are accompanied by a low number of purulent-inflammatory (in 27.3 % of patients) and cardiovascular complications (in 20 % of patients).CONCLUSION. Correction of anemia is a mandatory part of therapy in the preoperative period and allows to perform a full range of radical surgical intervention, improve the safety of surgical treatment and improve the course of the postoperative period.

The study is based on biological analyses of > 80,000 ind. of Pandalus hypsinotus collected in trawl surveys and trap fishery in the Tatar Strait in 2010–2022. Due to the lack of age-recording structures, the size-age structure of shrimp is usually determined by various statistical methods, each of which has some limitations and drawbacks. The modal analysis of size-sex composition dynamics is used in this study, including tracing the growth of strong year-classes. The analysis takes into account the dynamics of major seasonal events such as group molting, spawning, and larval hatching. The reproductive cycle of females is assumed to be 2 years. Based on results of the analysis, the life cycle of humpback shrimp in the Tatar Strait is as follows. After the larvae hatch from eggs in April-May, immature shrimp spend the first year of their life at the depths < 70 m, where they reach the carapace length of 9–15 mm, with a modal size of 11–12 mm. In the second year, they grow to the length of 20–22 mm, on average, then become males and migrate to deeper layer where join the adults. Further growth is described on the data for the strong year-class of 2010: the modal size of males reaches 26–27 mm at age 3 years, 29–30 mm — at age 4, 32–33 mm — at age 5, and 35–36 mm — at age 6. Gender transition of shrimp begins at age 5+, but most males become hermaphroditic at the age 6+. The modal size of intersex hermaphrodites ranges from 37 to 39 mm. At the age of 6 years and 9 months, the intersexes spawn en masse and transform into females. The first larval hatching of new females occurs after 15 months, i.e. at exactly 8 years of age. At least three cycles of spawning (larvae release) are assumed for females, taking into account their polymodal size composition and dynamics of their size increments per molt by age. In assumption of 2-year reproductive cycle, the female stage lasts 6 years. Thus, the total life span for the most of humpback shrimps is estimated to be 12 years (6 years before gender transition and 6 years after). Apparently, a small number of them live 14 years and spawn four times, and some can live up to 16 years and spawn five times.

IntroductionThe aim of our work was to determine comprehensively the sensitization profile of patients hypersensitive to fungal allergenic components in the Ukrainian population, identifying features of their co-sensitization to allergens of other groups and establishing potential relationships between causative allergens and their ability to provoke this hypersensitivity.MethodsA set of programs was developed using Python and R programming languages, implementing the K-means++ clustering method. Bayesian networks were constructed based on the created clusters, allowing for the assessment of the probabilistic interplay of allergen molecules in the sensitization process of patients.Results and discussionIt was found that patients sensitive to fungi are polysensitized, with 84.77% of them having unique allergological profiles, comprising from 2 to several dozen allergens from different groups. The immune response to Alt a 1 may act as the primary trigger for sensitization to other allergens and may contribute to a high probability of developing sensitivity to grasses (primarily to Phl p 2), ragweed extract, and the Amb a 1 pectate lyase, as well as to pectate lyase Cry j 1 and cat allergen Fel d 1. Individuals polysensitized to molecular components of fungi were often sensitive to such cross-reactive molecules as lipocalins Fel d 4 and Can f 6, as well. Sensitivity to Ambrosia extract which dominated in the development of sensitization to ragweed pollen indicating the importance of different allergenic components of this plant's pollen. This hypothesis, along with the assumption that Phl p 2 may be the main trigger for sensitivity to grasses in patients with Alternaria allergy, requires further clinical investigation.

This paper presents the results of studying the surface properties changes of a thermoregulating coating based on polystyrene and silica filler after proton irradiation with an energy of 50 keV at a fluence of 3 × 1015 cm−2. After proton irradiation, the values of the contact angle of wetting with water increase by 3.5% and 14.9% for polystyrene and the coating, respectively. The free surface energy (energy of the surface layer) of polystyrene and the coatings before and after proton irradiation was calculated using the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method. There was a significant increase in the polarity of the polystyrene surface (γp increased by a factor of 2.2) after proton irradiation. For the coating, an increase in γp by a factor of 3.89 was observed after proton irradiation. Structural changes in the coating were presented by IR Fourier spectroscopy. A slight decrease in the absorption intensity of all characteristic bands compared to the unirradiated sample was noted. It was found that the irradiation of the coating with protons led to the formation of macromolecules with hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl bonds, as well as the formation of dimeric and oligomeric siloxane chains. It was also found that after irradiation of a pure polystyrene sample with protons, the value of the solar absorption αs increased by only 4.2%; whereas for the coating with silica filler, the value of αs increased by 28.6%.

Background: Fungi are known for their ability to cause allergies, but data on individual sensitization to them are insufficient. The purpose of the study was to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the fungal allergens’ sensitization profile in the Ukrainian population and to determine both population and individual sensitivity to these allergens. Methods: We utilized a set of ALEX allergy test data from 20,033 inhabitants of 17 regions of Ukraine from 1 to 89 years conducted in 2020–2022. A complex of programs in the Python language was developed and Bayesian network analysis was applied to determine the sensitivity combinations in individual patients to various fungal components. Results: Sensitivity to Alt a 1 dominated and was observed in 79.39% of patients, and 62.17% of them were sensitive solely to Alt a 1. Exclusive sensitivity to Mala s 6 was second in individual patient profiles with a frequency of 4.06%. Combined sensitivity to Alt a 1 – Asp f 3 was third with a share of 3.28%. Pen ch and Cla h extracts stimulated the production of the lowest median sIgE levels. The highest median sIgE levels were for Alt a 1, Mala s 11 and Asp f 6, respectively. Median sIgE levels increased in adults compared to children for all components of Aspergillus fumigatus, as well as for Mala s 5 and Mala s 11. In the rest of the cases, they decreased in adults compared to children. The sensitization rates to fungi in general and specifically to Alternaria were lower in the western parts of Ukraine, especially in the Carpathian region, situated within the Broad-leaved Forest zone. The results of Bayesian modeling revealed that in the case of Alt a 1, the simultaneous absence of sensitivity to Cla h 8, Mala s 11, Mala s 5 and Mala s 6 molecules could condition the presence of sensitization to the major Alternaria allergen with a probability of 92.42%. In all other cases, there was a high probability of absence of sensitivity to particular allergen against the background of absence of sensitivity to other ones, which may indicate the independent development of sensitization to different fungal allergens. Conclusions: Sensitivity to Alt a 1 dominated in the studied population with a lower rate in the western regions. The highest median sIgE levels were induced by Alt a 1, Mala s 11 and Asp f 6. Bayesian Analysis suggest a high probability of the independent development of sensitization to different fungal allergens. The idea that sensitization to one allergen may be protective against sensitization to another one(s) requires further clinical study.

Problem solving is a fundamental skill that chemistry graduates should possess, yet many students have difficulties solving problems in chemistry. These difficulties may be either student- or instructor-driven. Instructor-related difficulties could stem from some teaching practices, such as expecting students to apply procedures without requiring them to show their reasoning or solely focusing on worked examples. Such practices could inhibit the development of problem-solving skills. To address these challenges, our group developed a metacognitive scaffold (Goldilocks Help) to support both students and instructors through structured problem solving. This scaffold breaks down the problem-solving process into phases and places emphasis on reasoning required throughout that process. This study explored how teaching associates (TAs) used the problem-solving scaffold and how this practice affected their teaching and perceptions of student learning. Seven TAs based at a large research-intensive Australian university were interviewed, and the data were analysed using the framework approach. Teaching with the problem-solving scaffold was found to be beneficial, albeit with initial student resistance. The scaffold provided a common thinking structure between the TAs and students, enabling TAs to easily identify mistakes and address specific areas of concern. However, TAs also experienced students' attention shift from content to the scaffold. Initially, many students unproductively viewed the process as requiring two separate actions of solving the problem and being explicit about the problem-solving process they used, as opposed to an integrated activity. Through constant reinforcement and prompting by TAs during and prior to solving the problem, students continued to grasp how to effectively internalise the scaffold to assist their problem solving. Understanding how TAs use problem-solving scaffolds with students will add to the field of education research to inform innovations in supporting the development of students' problem-solving skills.

Estimating the dynamics of exogenous geological processes and understanding their controlling factors is an urgent task faced by many regions of the world. One of the methods of its solution is monitoring. The paper presents the UAV monitoring results for short-term dynamics of complex exogenous processes at five key sites in the coastal zone south of the Bratsk reservoir. The study area is a part of the platform structure in the south of the Irkutsk amphitheater, which is considered to be relatively stable in terms of geodynamics. There has been developed a methodical scheme for obtaining data series on the dynamics of complex exogenous geological processes in the coastal geosystem. A flight altitude of 50–60 m is optimal to obtain orthophotos with a resolution of 1.1–2.2 cm/px, sufficient to estimate the areal dynamics of the processes, and a DEM with a resolution of 2.6–5.4 cm/px to estimate the volumetric dynamics.The eroded coastal area at the Rassvet site was measured to be 6900 m2, which corresponds to an average erosion width of 3.45 m per linear meter of coastal length with maximum values of up to 6.51 m. A high rate of coastal erosion in the period 2021–2022 is related to the maximum water level in the Bratsk reservoir, close to the normal headwater level. The assessment of the volumetric dynamics of the coastal gullies yielded negative values, as most of the gully mouths were eroded. The secondary valley-bottom gullies (Mamontov and Barany sites) and coastal gullies (Khadakhan site) are characterized by positive dynamics both in area and volume growth (12–20 m2 and 1.3–35.0 m3, respectively). At the Khadakhan site, the volumetric growth of new and previously observed suffusion sinkholes was 0.45 m3.The obtained areal and volumetric rates of the exogenous processes can serve as a basis for their modern assessment and prediction of their development in order to prevent and reduce socio-economic risks.

Эффективность экономики обусловлена оперативностью пресечения незаконного поведения хозяйствующих субъектов. В условиях ускорения деловой активности важной частью данного условия становится выявление рыночных сговоров на основе статистики электронных следов. В статье представлено решение этой задачи на основе кванто-теоретического подхода к моделированию принятия решений. А именно, когнитивные состояния субъектов представляются комплекснозначными векторами в пространстве, образованном базисными поведенческими альтернативами, тогда как вероятности принятия решений определяются проекциями этих состояний на соответствующие направления. Согласованность многостороннего поведения при этом соответствует запутанности порождающего когнитивного состояния, степень которой измеряется стандартными квантово-теоретическими метриками. Высокое значение метрики свидетельствует о вероятном наличии сговора между рассматриваемыми субъектами. Полученный таким образом метод выявления поведенческой координации апробирован на открытых данных об участии юридических лиц в государственных закупках за период с 2015 по 2020 годы, доступных на федеральном портале https://zakupki.gov.ru. Для использованной выборки построены квантовые модели примерно 80 тысяч уникальных пар и 10 миллионов уникальных троек ИНН. Достоверность выявления сговоров определялась сравнением подозреваемых с открытыми данными Федеральной антимонопольной службы https://br.fas.gov.ru. Согласно полученным функциям ошибок, половина известных парных сговоров выявляется с достоверностью более 50%, что сравнимо с методами выявления на основе классической корреляции и классической взаимной информации. В трёхстороннем случае, напротив, квантовая модель оказывается практически безальтернативной в силу ограниченности классических метрик двусторонней корреляцией. Половина таких сговоров выявляется с достоверностью 40%. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют об эффективности квантово-вероятностного подхода к моделированию многостороннего экономического поведения. Разработанные метрики могут быть использованы в качестве информативных признаков для аналитических систем и алгоритмов машинного обучения подобной направленности.

The relevance of the research is caused by the need of alkenes production increase as well as deepening understanding of the coke formation. The direction of petrochemical complex development and increase of pyrolysis efficiency is resources-saving, minimizing the volume of operations cost and the probability of occurrence of accidents. The main aim of the research is to develop a mathematical model for gasoline fraction pyrolysis, which will consider coke formation and its effect on the kinetic, hydrodynamic and thermodynamic components of the process. Object of the research is gasoline fraction pyrolysis process; dynamic of hydrocarbon stream composition during the process and coke formation side process. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the system analysis and the method of mathematical modeling. In addition, quantum-chemical methods are used to calculate the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of target and side chemical reactions occurring during the processing of hydrocarbon raw materials, and electron-structural methods based on the density functional theory; methods of computational fluid dynamics for the study of flow regimes and the deposition of coke particles on the walls of the coil; developed experimental methods for determining the optimal consumption of hydrocarbon raw materials and steam, predicting the duration of the inter-regeneration cycle of the pyrolysis furnace. Results. A non-stationary model of gasoline fraction pyrolysis was created to describe the coking side process along the length of the pyrolysis tube and over time. With the model, the rate of coke layer formation was calculated considering the technological parameters and the composition of feedstock. The calculated rate is 3,12∙10–7 mm per second. The results also made it possible to obtain the thickness distribution of the coke layer in the radiant coil, which indicates the acceleration of side processes towards the end of the process. This is due to formation of a significant amount of unsaturated compounds. It was found that changing the main parameters has two opposite effects. Thus, with an increase in temperature and pressure, both the yields of target products and the growth rate of the coke layer increased. An increase in the consumption of raw materials leads to a decrease in both of these parameters.

The placenta has a unique hypomethylated genome. Due to this feature of the placenta, there is a potential possibility of using regulatory elements derived from retroviruses and retrotransposons, which are suppressed by DNA methylation in the adult body. In addition, there is an abnormal increase in the level of methylation of the LINE-1 retrotransposon in the chorionic trophoblast in spontaneous abortions with both normal karyotype and aneuploidy on different chromosomes, which may be associated with impaired gene transcription using LINE-1 regulatory elements. To date, 988 genes that can be expressed from alternative LINE-1 promoters have been identified. Using the STRING tool, genes (NUP153 and YWHAB) were selected, the products of which have significant functional relationships with proteins highly expressed in the placenta and involved in trophoblast differentiation. This study aimed to analyze the expression of the NUP153 and YWHAB genes, highly active in the placenta, from canonical and alternative LINE-1 promoters in the germinal part of the placenta of spontaneous and induced abortions. Gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR in chorionic villi and extraembryonic mesoderm of induced abortions (n = 10), adult lymphocytes (n = 10), spontaneous abortions with normal karyotype (n = 10), and with the most frequent aneuploidies in the first trimester of pregnancy (trisomy 16 (n = 8) and monosomy X (n = 6)). The LINE-1 methylation index was assessed in the chorionic villi of spontaneous abortions using targeted bisulfite massive parallel sequencing. The level of expression of both genes from canonical promoters was higher in blood lymphocytes than in placental tissues (p < 0.05). However, the expression level of the NUP153 gene from the alternative LINE-1 promoter was 17 times higher in chorionic villi and 23 times higher in extraembryonic mesoderm than in lymphocytes (p < 0.05). The expression level of NUP153 and YWHAB from canonical promoters was higher in the group of spontaneous abortions with monosomy X compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). The LINE-1 methylation index negatively correlated with the level of gene expression from both canonical (NUP153 – R = –0.59, YWHAB – R = –0.52, p < 0.05) and alternative LINE-1 promoters (NUP153 – R = –0.46, YWHAB – R = –0.66, p < 0.05). Thus, the observed increase in the LINE-1 methylation index in the placenta of spontaneous abortions is associated with the level of expression of the NUP153 and YWHAB genes not only from alternative but also from canonical promoters, which can subsequently lead to negative consequences for normal embryogenesis.

Aim. This review aims to inform physicians of different specialties (anesthesiologists, intensivists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, oncologists) about the diagnostic capabilities of microwave radiothermometry, which enables to identify and analyze features of alterations of cerebral temperature in brain damage.The review displays a critical analysis of 80 recent Russian and foreign open access publications found by keywords.The review presents major clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral thermal balance disruptions in brain lesions. Slow responsiveness and vulnerability of cerebral thermal homeostasis regulation mechanisms that underlie development of different temperature heterogeneity levels in the cerebral cortex in healthy brain and brain lesions are highlighted. The authors postulate their concept about the critical role of hyperthermia in the pathogenesis of brain damage and disruption of interconnections in the global central regulation system. A body of evidence explaining direct association between the depth of consciousness impairment and degree of cerebral cortex temperature heterogeneity manifestation is presented. It is emphasized that a significant increase in temperature heterogeneity with areas of focal hyperthermia accompanies an acute period of ischemic stroke, while in post-comatose state usually associated with prolonged impairment of consciousness, the temperature heterogeneity significantly subsides. It has been suggested that lowering of an increased and rising of the reduced temperature heterogeneity, for example by using temperature exposure, can improve altered level of consciousness in patients with brain damage. The diagnostic capabilities of various technologies used for cerebral temperature measurement, including microwave radiothermometry (MWR), are evaluated. Data on high accuracy of MWR in measurement of the cerebral cortex temperature in comparison with invasive methods are presented.Conclusion. In healthy individuals MWR revealed a distinct daily rhythmic changes of the cerebral cortex temperature, and badly violated circadian rhythms in patients with brain lesions. Since MWR is an easy-toperform, non-invasive and objective diagnostic tool, it is feasible to use this technology to detect latent cerebral hyperthermia and assess the level of temperature heterogeneity disruption, as well as to study the circadian rhythm of temperature changes.

Abstract Background As the process and nature of developing sensitivity to house dust mites (HDMs) remain not fully studied, our goal was to establish the pattern, nature and timeframe of house dust mite (HDM) sensitization development in patients in Ukraine as well as the period when treatment of such patients would be most effective. Methods The data of the multiplex allergy test Alex2 was collected from 20,033 patients. To determine age specifics of sensitization, descriptive statistics were used. Bayesian Network analysis was used to build probabilistic patterns of individual sensitization. Results Patients from Ukraine were most often sensitized to HDM allergens of group 1 (Der p 1, Der f 1) and group 2 (Der p 2, Der f 2) as well as to Der p 23 (55%). A considerable sensitivity to Der p 5, Der p 7 and Der p 21 allergens was also observed. The overall nature of sensitization to HDM allergens among the population of Ukraine is formed within the first year of life. By this time, there is a pronounced sensitization to HDM allergens of groups 1 and 2 as well as to Der p 23. Significance of sensitization to Der p 5, Der p 7 and Der p 21 allergens grows starting from the age of 3–6. Bayesian Network data analysis indicated the leading role of sensitization to Der p 1 and Der f 2. While developing the sensitivity to group 5 allergens, the leading role may belong to Der p 21 allergen. Conclusion The results obtained indicate the importance of determining the sensitization profile using the multi-component approach. A more detailed study of the optimal age for AIT prescription is required as the pattern of sensitization to HDMs is formed during the first year of life.

The relevance of the study is caused by the need to improve the methods of typing reservoir rocks in interpretation of petrophysical data obtained in the laboratory. Typing of the reservoir rocks according to the structure of the pore space is an important step in the interpretation of petrophysical data obtained in the laboratory, but according to established practice, it is carried out only by an expert method, based on the lithological description of core samples and on the dependences of gas permeability on porosity. Purpose: approbation of the accumulated correlation method and individual probabilistic models in combination with facies analysis data for typing terrigenous reservoir rocks according to the structure of the pore space. Object: core samples from five wells of the field named after Sukharev, represented by deposits of the Tula horizon of the Visean stage of the Lower Carboniferous. When conducting research, 165 core samples were used, with a diameter and length of 30 mm. Methods: modern methods for studying porosity-permeability and lithological-petrographic properties, methods of mathematical statistics for the analysis of experimental studies. Results. It is shown that with the help of individual probabilistic models built as a function of the open porosity coefficient and taking into account information about the type of pore structure, lithology and facies, it is possible to characterize changes in dip angles and other effects identified on the graphs of the accumulated correlation in the entire range of calculations. It was established as well that the use of the accumulated correlation method in combination with individual probabilistic models and facies analysis data makes it possible to typing terrigenous reservoir rocks according to the structure of the pore space with a sufficiently high degree of reliability. On the basis of the linear discriminant analysis carried out, the practical problem of separation by reservoir type was solved for the C1tlter object of the field named after Sukharev. The obtained results show that the use of the principle of zoning when identifying reservoirs allows, with a high degree of accuracy, selecting a collection of samples for filtration studies that will most correctly reflect the physical and hydrodynamic picture of the reservoir.

The results of data analysis from complex field studies of vertical deformations of the rock base near-contact layer and full settling Boguchanskaya HPP concrete dam sections in order to determine the state of contact of the foot of the concrete dam with the rock base are presented. The purpose of the study is to control the state of the contact of the concrete dam foot with the foundation based on the analysis of a set of field studies of the vertical deformations of the near-contact zone of the foundation of the concrete dam sections and the total draft of the sections of the concrete dam to justify the stability of the concrete dam sections. In order to control the vertical deformations of the near-contact zone of the rock foundation, string control and measuring equipment (displacement sensors PLPS-10) was installed. The total draft of the concrete dam sections is measured by means of ceiling marks installed in the grout gallery. Analysis of the field data on total drafts of concrete dam sections and vertical deformations of the near-contact section of the rock foundation showed that the contact joint between the foot of the concrete dam sections and the foundation is in vertical compression. The results of the analysis of the available data of complex studies of vertical deformations of the near-contact layer of the rock foundation and the total draft of the concrete dam sections made it possible to substantiate the stability of the concrete dam sections.

Мета - визначити профіль сенсибілізації до кліщів домашнього пилу (КДП) у дітей України з різними алергічними захворюваннями; проаналізувати його вікові та регіональні особливості. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 5430 дітей, які мають алергічні захворювання (алергічний риніт, бронхіальна астма, атопічний дерматит окремо або в комбінації), віком від 1 року до 18 років із різних регіонів України. Діагноз алергічних захворювань встановлено відповідно до критеріїв GINA 2019a, ARIA 2019, EAACI Atopic dermatitis guidelines. Пацієнтів обстежено за допомогою молекулярного компонентного імуноферментного аналізу венозної крові тестовою системою ALEX2 («Macro Array Diagnostics GmbH», Австрія). Визначено рівні специфічних IgE понад 0,3 kUA/L до алергенних молекул КДП: Der f 1, Der f 2, Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 5, Der p 7, Der p 10, Der p 11, Der p 23, Der p 20 та Der p 21. Результати. Серед 5430 обстежених сенсибілізація до алергенів КДП виявлялася у 1705 (31,4%) дітей. Найчастіше сенсибілізація до алергенів КДП спостерігалася в дітей шкільного віку (у 34,3-40,0% випадків; р

Abstract Background The allergenicity of pollen of Poaceae family members is a well‐known and confirmed fact. Using the data of component‐resolved molecular diagnostics of allergy, we set a goal to establish the population and individual characteristics of sensitization to grass pollen and assess the patterns of its development. Methods Multiplex allergy Alex2 test results of 20,033 patients were used. In addition to descriptive statistics to uncover traits of the sensitized population, statistical inference was utilized to establish the conditional probability of sensitisation, the nature of links between allergens, and the most frequent combinations of allergens in individual patient profiles. Results Sensitivity to grass pollen comprised 30.79% of the studied sample. Children accounted for 62.21%, adults—37.79%. Sensitisation to Phl p 1, Lol p 1, and Cyn d 1 was the most frequent in all age groups. Among them, Phl p 1 and Lol p 1 were the major ones. Phl p 2, Phl p 5.0101, and Phl p 6 were also responsible for primary sensitization; Phl p 5.0101 promoted the highest sIgE levels. A combination “Lol p 1—Phl p 1”, where Lol p 1 might play a leading role, was most frequent in individual profiles. Monosensitization to Phl p 2 was the second most frequent and Bayesian Network suggested its independent development. Monosensitization to Cyn d 1, especially among children, may indicate the impact of climate change, promoting the spread of the subtropical grasses to the temperate region. Conclusions Descriptive statistics and known clinical data coincide well with statistical inference results and can provide for new clinical insights.

In the work, an analysis and selection of the power regulation system for a modular straight flow hydro turbine with a capacity of 250 kW for a small hydropower plant. Initial data consisted of empirically specified quality indicators in the form of expert assessments. During the analysis, several multi-criteria analysis methods were employed, including the fuzzy logic method, implemented using the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox extension within the MATLAB environment, as well as a method based on the principle of morphological combinatorics, with results analyzed using a radar diagram.

Objectives. The chemistry of 67Ga and 68Ga radionuclides plays a key role in nuclear medicine for applications in radiopharmaceuticals, in particular, in noninvasive in vivo molecular imaging techniques. The use of radiometals for labeling biomolecules typically requires the use of bifunctional chelators, which contain a functional group for covalent bonding with the targeting vector in addition to the polydentate fragment coordinating the metal. The aim of the present review article is to analyze the currently accumulated experimental material on the development and application of bifunctional chelators of gallium cations in medical research, as well as to identify the main requirements for the structure of the chelator and its complexes with 68Ga, which are used to create effective Gabased pharmaceutical preparations.Results. The review analyzed macrocyclic bifunctional chelators forming stable in vivo complexes with 68Ga and acyclic chelators, whose main advantage is faster complexation kinetics due to the short half-life of 68Ga. The advantages and disadvantages of both types of ligands were evaluated. In addition, a critical analysis of the binding constants and the conditions for the formation of complexes was presented. Examples of the influence of the geometry, lipophilicity, and total charge of the metal complex on the biodistribution of target radiopharmaceuticals were also given.Conclusions. Despite the progress made in the considered areas of bifunctional chelators, the problem of correlating the chemical structure of a metal-based radiopharmaceutical with its behavior in vivo remains important. Comparative studies of drugs having an identical targeting vector but containing different bifunctional chelating agents could help further elucidate the effectof metal chelate moiety on pharmacokinetics. In order to create effective bifunctional chelating agents, it is necessary to take into account such factors as the stability and inertness of the chelator and its complexes under physiological conditions, lipophilicity, complexation kinetics, chelation selectivity, combinatoriality of the basic structure, along with economic aspects, e.g., the availability of raw materials and the complexity of the synthesis scheme.

The study presents the early period of the history of the Aristotelian society on the basis of the theoretical principles of network analysis by Randall Collins. The theoretical basis of network analysis has significant heuristic capabilities and help to understand the process of development of the Aristotelian Society, which has turned from a group of philosophy enthusiasts into a professional philosophical association. It is emphasized that quantitative criteria of periodization are problematic because they do not take into account the complex intellectual atmosphere in British philosophy of the late XIX–early XX century. The article discusses popular historical and philosophical cliches that simplify the reflection of this period only as an arena of rivalry between British idealists and analytical philosophers. The important role of Shadworth Hodgson as the first president of the Aristotelian Society is also considered.