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Background: Osteosarcoma, the most common primary bone tumor originating from osteoblasts, poses a significant challenge in medical practice, particularly among adolescents. Conventional diagnostic methods heavily rely on manual analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, which often fall short in providing accurate and timely diagnosis. This underscores the critical need for advancements in medical imaging technologies to improve the detection and characterization of osteosarcoma. Methods: In this study, we sought to address the limitations of current diagnostic approaches by leveraging Hoechst-stained images of osteosarcoma cells obtained via fluorescence microscopy. Our primary objective was to enhance the segmentation of osteosarcoma cells, a crucial step in precise diagnosis and treatment planning. Recognizing the shortcomings of existing feature extraction networks in capturing detailed cellular structures, we propose a novel approach utilizing a twin swin transformer architecture for osteosarcoma cell segmentation, with a focus on multi-scale feature fusion. Results: The experimental findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed Twin Swin Transformer with multi-scale feature fusion in significantly improving osteosarcoma cell segmentation. Compared to conventional techniques, our method achieves superior segmentation performance, highlighting its potential utility in clinical settings. Conclusion: The development of our Twin Swin Transformer with multi-scale feature fusion method represents a significant advancement in medical imaging technology, particularly in the field of osteosarcoma diagnosis. By harnessing advanced computational techniques and leveraging high-resolution imaging data, our approach offers enhanced accuracy and efficiency in osteosarcoma cell segmentation, ultimately facilitating better patient care and clinical decision-making.

Abstract Background Individuals with metabolic syndrome face elevated cardiovascular and mortality risks, and there is ongoing debate regarding the cardiovascular effects of niacin and its impact on the prognosis of metabolic syndrome. Exposure Levels of dietary niacin intake based on 24-hour dietary recall. Methods Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare survival status among quartiles of dietary niacin intake. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality associated with the exposure. Results This cohort study included 8,744 participants, and during a median follow-up period of 106 months, 1,552 (17.7%) deaths were recorded, with 511 attributed to cardiovascular disease. Kaplan-Meier curves comparing quartiles of dietary niacin intake showed significant differences in both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality rates (log-rank p

Abstract Background The glucose-to-glycated hemoglobin ratio (GAR) represents stress hyperglycemia, which has been closely associated with adverse outcomes in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. No studies have examined the association between stress hyperglycemia and atrial fibrillation (AF) in critically ill patients. This study aims to explore the relationship between GAR and the prognosis of critically ill patients with AF. Methods A retrospective cohort of patients was selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The GAR was calculated based on fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels measured after admission. The primary outcome was the 30-day mortality rate, with secondary outcomes being the 90-day and 365-day mortality rates. The GAR was divided into tertiles, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was employed to compare differences in mortality rates between groups. The Cox proportional hazards model and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to evaluate the relationship between the GAR and mortality. Subsequently, a segmented regression model was constructed to analyze threshold effects in cases where nonlinear relationships were determined. Results In this cohort, the second tertile of the GAR exhibited lower mortality rates at 30 days (10.56% vs 6.33% vs 14.51%), 90 days (17.11% vs 10.09% vs 17.88%), and 365 days (25.30% vs 16.15% vs 22.72%). In the third tertile, the risk of mortality at 30 days increased by 165% (HR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.99–3.54, p

Phytophthora capsici incites foliar blight, root, fruit, and crown rot in squash (Cucurbita spp.) and limits production worldwide. Resistance to crown rot in C. moschata breeding line #394-1-27-12 is conferred by three dominant genes, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance are poorly understood. In the current study, RNA sequencing was used to investigate transcriptional changes in #394-1-27-12 (resistant) and Butterbush (susceptible) following infection by P. capsici at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 120 h post inoculation (hpi). Overall, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Butterbush (2648) exceeded those in #394-1-27-12 (1729), but in both genotypes, the highest number of DEGs was observed at 72 hpi and least at 24 hpi. Our gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed a downregulation of the genes involved in polysaccharide and lignin metabolism in Butterbush but as an upregulation of those associated with regulation of peptidase activity. However, in #394-1-27-12, the downregulated genes were primarily associated with response to stimuli, whereas those upregulated were involved in oxidation–reduction and response to stress. The upregulated genes in #394-1-27-12 included defensin-like proteins, respiratory-burst oxidases, ethylene-responsive transcription factors, cytochrome P450 proteins, and peroxidases. These findings provide a framework for the functional validation of the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to P. capsici in cucurbits.

An iridium-catalysed hydrogen transfer strategy, enabling straightforward access to tetrahydro pyridine derivatives from aryl-1,8-naphthyridines and indolines, was developed. This method proceeds with unprecedented synthetic effectiveness including high step-economic fashion together with the advantages of having no by-product and no need for external high-pressure H2 gas, offering an important basis for the transformation of 1,8-naphthyridines and indolines into functionalized products.

Las semillas de calabaza (Cucurbita pepo L.) con una fina cubierta se llaman semillas desnudas y se han convertido en un ingrediente popular para la elaboración de alimentos. Son ricas en aceite, proteínas y ácidos grasos insaturados. Su consumo reporta beneficios para la salud, incluyendo la reducción del riesgo de ciertos tipos de cáncer. A pesar de su creciente popularidad en EE. UU., este insumo es importado, de ahí la necesidad de identificar/desarrollar cultivares adaptados a las condiciones locales. Este artículo informa sobre el rendimiento y desempeño hortícola de dos cultivares de semillas desnudas de calabaza en el sur de Florida con las condiciones de crecimiento de primavera.

La semilla de calabaza (Cucurbita pepo L.) es alta en aceite, proteína, y ácidos grasos no saturados (AENS), y es una importante fuente de nutrición y ganancias a nivel global. Este artículo provee información a potenciales consumidores sobre el perfil nutricional y los beneficios a la salud de cultivares seleccionados de semillas de calabaza.

As one of the most common forms of waste, waste PET is a serious pollutant in natural and human living environments. There is an urgent need to recycle PET. For this study, the complete degradation of PET was realized at a low temperature. A lipophilic hydrophobic membrane was formed on the surface of a stainless steel mesh (SSM) using a simple dip coating method, and an oil–water separation material was successfully prepared. After loading with degradation products, the surface roughness of SSM increased from 19.09 μm to 62.33 μm. The surface changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and the water contact angle increased to 123°. The oil–water separation flux of the modified SSM was 9825 L/(m2·h), and the separation efficiency was 98.99%. The modified SSM had good reuse performance. This hydrophobic modification method can also be used to modify other porous substrates, such as activated carbon, filter paper, foam, and other materials. The porous substrate modified by the degradation product of waste PET was used to prepare oil–water separation materials, not only solving the problem of white pollution but also reducing the dependence on non-renewable resources in the conventional methods used for the preparation of oil–water separation materials. This study provides new raw materials and methods for the industrial production of oil–water separation materials, which have important application prospects.

The increase in carbon dioxide emissions has significantly impacted human society and the global environment. As carbon dioxide is the most abundant and cheap C1 resource, the conversion and utilization of carbon dioxide have received extensive attention from researchers. Among the many carbon dioxide conversion and utilization methods, the reverse water–gas conversion (RWGS) reaction is considered one of the most effective. This review discusses the research progress made in RWGS with various heterogeneous metal catalyst types, covering topics such as catalyst performance, thermodynamic analysis, kinetics and reaction mechanisms, and catalyst design and preparation, and suggests future research on RWGS heterogeneous catalysts.

Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) is grown during the winter months in subtropical southern Florida and must thrive in higher than average temperatures and limestone soils. This is the first strawberry cultivar trial in southern Florida to include ‘Florida Beauty’, ‘Florida Brilliance’, ‘Strawberry Festival’, ‘Florida Radiance’, ‘Sensation FL127’, and ‘Winterstar’. Overall, ‘Strawberry Festival’ and ‘Sensation FL127’ were the top yielding cultivars, with the highest average total yields of 0.7 and 0.8 kg/plant fresh fruit, respectively. ‘Sensation FL127’ had a 36% greater late-season marketable yield compared with ‘Strawberry Festival’. ‘Sensation FL127’ consistently had the greatest soluble solids content (7.6% to 8.7%). Overall, this study demonstrates significant differences in yield and fruit quality among the cultivars tested in southern Florida.

Squash (Cucurbita moschata) is among the most important cucurbit crops grown worldwide. Plant pathogen, Papaya ringspot virus W (PRSV-W) causes significant yield loss in commercial squash production globally. The development of virus-resistant cultivars can complement integrated disease management and mitigate losses due to viral infections. However, the genetic loci and molecular markers linked to PRSV-W resistance that could facilitate marker-assisted selection (MAS) for accelerated cultivar development are unknown. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL), molecular markers, and candidate genes associated with PRSV-W resistance in squash were identified in an F2 population (n = 118) derived from a cross between Nigerian Local accession (resistant) and Butterbush cultivar (susceptible). Whole genome re-sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis (QTLseq method; n = 10 for each bulk) and non-parametric interval mapping were used to identify a major QTL associated with PRSV-W resistance on chromosome 9 (QtlPRSV-C09) (p < 0.05) of C. moschata. QtlPRSV-C09 extended from 785,532 to 5,093,314 bp and harbored 12,245 SNPs among which 94 were high-effect variants. To validate QtlPRSV-C09, 13 SNP markers were assayed as Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers in the F2 population and tested for the association with PRSV-W resistance. Among these, two KASP markers (Ch09_2080834 and Ch09_5023865-1) showed significant association with PRSV-W resistance (p < 0.05). The two SNPs were located within exons of putative disease-resistant genes encoding the clathrin assembly family and actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex proteins, which are implicated in disease resistance across plant species. The findings of this study will facilitate MAS for PRSV-W resistance in squash and allow further understanding of the functional mechanisms underlying potyvirus resistance in Cucurbita species.

A direct regioselective C-H cyanation of purines was developed through a sequential triflic anhydride activation, nucleophilic cyanation with TMSCN, followed by a process of base-mediated elimination of triflous acid (CF3SO2H). In most cases, the direct C-H cyanation occurred on the electron-rich imidazole motif of purines, affording 8-cyanated purine derivatives in moderate to excellent yields. Various functional groups, including allyl, alkynyl, ketone, ester, nitro et al. were tolerated and acted as a C8 directing group. The electron-donating 6-diethylamino, as C2-directing group substituent, can switch the regioselectivity of purine from 8- to 2-position, enabling the synthesis of 8- and 2-cyano 6-dialkylaminopurines from corresponding 6-chloropurine in different reaction order. Further functional manipulations of the cyano group allow the conversions of 8-cyanopurines to corresponding purine amides, imidates, imidothioates, imidamides, oxazolines, and isothiazoles.

Vegetable growers are keen on cost-cutting measures to increase profitability. Containerized vegetable production can be done in a shade-house or garden, and it often requires commercial potting media. Although expensive, potting media are lightweight and provide high water- and nutrient-holding capacities, and thus they are widely used by growers. Growers often discard or compost the potting media after a single season due to issues such as diseases, pests, and weeds. However, old potting media could be reused for containerized production if appropriately sterilized and amended with fertilizer salts. The current study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using sterilized recycled potting medium amended with fertilizer salts for containerized production of squash. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department was written by Marie Dorval, Riphine Mainviel, Vincent Michael, Yuqing Fu, Bala Rathinasabapathi, and Geoffrey Meru. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1404

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seeds are nutritious and valued as a source of vegetable oil, protein, healthy fatty acids, and minerals. Pumpkin seeds that are naturally devoid of the seedcoat (hull-less) are preferred by the industry as they eliminate the need for de-hulling prior to use. A single recessive gene, designated as n or h, controls the hull-less seed trait in pumpkin. Visual selection for the trait is easy, however, it is resource intensive when applied to large breeding populations. High throughput genotyping assays can aid in the identification of suitable individuals in segregating populations through marker-assisted selection. In the current study, the QTL-seq approach was used to identify genetic loci, SNP markers and candidate genes associated with the hull-less trait in a segregating F2 population (n = 143) derived from a cross between Kakai (hull-less) × Table Gold Acorn (hulled). The segregation of the hull-less trait in the F2 population fit a 3:1 ratio (p < 0.05). QTL-seq analysis detected a single QTL on chromosome 12 (Qtlhull-less-C12) which was significantly associated with the hull-less trait in C. pepo. Twenty-eight SNPs were genotyped in the population, two among which (Ch12_3412046 and Ch12_3417142) were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the hull-less trait in cultivars and accessions of diverse genetic background. Several candidate genes fall within the Qtlhull-less-C12 interval, among them is the No Apical meristem (NAC) domain-containing protein and a Fiber Protein fb11 gene involved in lignin accumulation and cell wall deposition across plant species, respectively. The findings of this study will facilitate the marker-assisted selection for the hull-less seed trait in pumpkin and further our understanding of the functional mechanisms underlying the trait across cucurbit crops.

Phytophthora capsici Leonian causes significant yield losses in commercial squash (Cucurbita pepo) production worldwide. The deployment of resistant cultivars can complement integrated management practices for P. capsici, but resistant cultivars are currently unavailable for growers. Moderate resistance to Phytophthora crown rot in a selection of accession PI 181761 (C. pepo) (designated line #181761-36P) is controlled by three dominant genes (R4, R5 and R6). Introgression of these loci into elite germplasm through marker-assisted selection (MAS) can accelerate the release of new C. pepo cultivars resistant to crown rot, but these tools are currently unavailable. Here we describe the identification of a quantitative trait locus (QTL), molecular markers and candidate genes associated with crown rot resistance in #181761-36P. Five hundred and twenty-three SNP markers were genotyped in an F2 (n = 83) population derived from a cross between #181761-36P (R) and Table Queen (S) using targeted genotyping by sequencing. A linkage map (2068.96 cM) consisting of twenty-one linkage groups and an average density of 8.1 markers/cM was developed for the F2 population. The F2:3 families were phenotyped in the greenhouse with a virulent strain of P. capsica, using the spore-spray method. A single QTL (QtlPC-C13) was consistently detected on LG 13 (chromosome 13) across three experiments and explained 17.92–21.47% of phenotypic variation observed in the population. Nine candidate disease resistance gene homologs were found within the confidence interval of QtlPC-C13. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within these genes were converted into Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assays and tested for association with resistance in the F2 population. One SNP marker (C002686) was significantly associated with resistance to crown rot in the F2 population (p < 0.05). This marker is a potential target for MAS for crown rot resistance in C. pepo.

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV) is an aphid-transmitted potyvirus that causes severe yield losses in squash (Cucurbita moschata) production worldwide. Development of resistant cultivars using traditional breeding approaches relies on rigorous and resource-intensive phenotypic assays. QTL-seq, a whole genome re-sequencing based bulked segregant analysis, is a powerful tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) in crop plants. In the current study, the QTL-seq approach was used to identify genetic loci associated with ZYMV resistance in an F2 population (n = 174) derived from a cross between Nigerian Local (resistant) and Butterbush (susceptible). Whole genome re-sequencing of the parents and bulks of resistant and susceptible F2 progeny revealed a mapping rate between 94.04% and 98.76%, and a final effective mapping depth ranging from 81.77 to 101.73 across samples. QTL-seq analysis identified four QTLs significantly (p < 0.05) associated with ZYMV resistance on chromosome 2 (QtlZYMV-C02), 4 (QtlZYMV-C04), 8 (QtlZYMV-C08) and 20 (QtlZYMV-C20). Seven markers within the QTL intervals were tested for association with ZYMV resistance in the entire F2 population. For QtlZYMV-C08, one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker (KASP-6) was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) associated with ZYMV resistance, while two SNPs (KASP-1 and KASP-3) and an indel (Indel-2) marker were linked to resistance within QtlZYMV-C20. KASP-3 and KASP-6 are non-synonymous SNPs leading to amino acid substitutions in candidate disease resistant gene homologs on chromosomes 20 (CmoCh20G003040.1) and 8 (CmoCh08G007140.1), respectively. Identification of QTL and SNP markers associated with ZYMV resistance will facilitate marker-assisted selection for ZYMV resistance in squash.

Naked seeds derived from ‘naked-seed’ pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) are a popular ingredient in many snacks, breads, breakfast cereal, soups and other edible goods (Baxter et al. 2012; Loy 2004). Vegetable oil derived from the seed can be purchased by the bottle for culinary/ condiment use or as formulated capsules in health food stores (Stevenson et al. 2007). Unlike conventional hulled pumpkin seeds, naked seeds lack a complete seed coat, thus are preferred for snacking and oil production because they eliminate the need for manual de-hulling prior to use. Popularity of naked seed products is expected to increase in the US as the market for healthy foods increases. Pumpkin seed is rich in oil (50% w/w), protein (35%), unsaturated fatty acids (86%) (Meru et al. 2018), and antioxidants that have many health benefits, including a reduced risk of certain cancers (Lelley et al. 2009; Nesaretnam et al. 2007; Stevenson et al. 2007), treatment of enlarged prostate, and lowering cholesterol levels (Fruhwirth and Hermetter 2007; Thompson and Grundy 2005). Despite growing popularity of pumpkin seeds in the US, a majority of naked seeds consumed in the US is imported; hence, the need to identify/ develop cultivars adapted to local growing conditions. This article reports yield and horticultural performance of two ‘naked-seed’ pumpkin cultivars under south Florida (Miami-Dade County) spring growing conditions.

The first principle calculations have been performed to investigate the geometries, band structures and optical absorptions of a series of MIL-125 MOFs, in which the 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (BDC) linkers are modified by different types and amounts of chemical groups, including NH2, OH, and NO2. Our results indicate that new energy bands will appear in the band gap of pristine MIL-125 after introducing new group into BDC linker, but the components of these band gap states and the valence band edge position are sensitive to the type of functional group as well as the corresponding amount. Especially, only the incorporation of amino group can obviously decrease the band gap of MIL-125, and the further reduction of the band gap can be observed if the amount of NH2 is increased. Although MIL-125 functionalized by NH2 group exhibits relatively weak or no activity for the photocatalytic O2 evolution by splitting water, such ligand modification can effectively improve the efficiency in H2 production because now the optical absorption in the visible light region is significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the adsorption of water molecule becomes more favorable after introducing of amino group, which is also beneficial for the water-splitting reaction. The present study can provide theoretical insights to design new photocatalysts based on MIL-125.

This article aims to summise production and nutrition aspects of pumpkin seed. Specifically, it focuses on health benefits of the seeds, production practices and provides data on the oil, protein and fatty acid composition of 35 pumpkin accessions.

Heterologous transinfection with the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia has been shown previously to induce pathogen interference phenotypes in mosquito hosts. Here we examine an artificially infected strain of Aedes polynesiensis, the primary vector of Wuchereria bancrofti, which is the causative agent of Lymphatic filariasis (LF) throughout much of the South Pacific. Embryonic microinjection was used to transfer the wAlbB infection from Aedes albopictus into an aposymbiotic strain of Ae. polynesiensis. The resulting strain (designated "MTB") experiences a stable artificial infection with high maternal inheritance. Reciprocal crosses of MTB with naturally infected wild-type Ae. polynesiensis demonstrate strong bidirectional incompatibility. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the MTB strain differ significantly relative to that of the wild-type, indicating an impaired ability to regulate oxidative stress. Following a challenge with Brugia pahangi, the number of filarial worms achieving the infective stage is significantly reduced in MTB as compared to the naturally infected and aposymbiotic strains. Survivorship of MTB differed significantly from that of the wild-type, with an interactive effect between survivorship and blood feeding. The results demonstrate a direct correlation between decreased ROS levels and decreased survival of adult female Aedes polynesiensis. The results are discussed in relation to the interaction of Wolbachia with ROS production and antioxidant expression, iron homeostasis and the insect immune system. We discuss the potential applied use of the MTB strain for impacting Ae. polynesiensis populations and strategies for reducing LF incidence in the South Pacific.

Frankenstein is famous for its exploration of humanity in its bizarre plots, but the importance of this work also lies in its aesthetic modernity, which is revealed under the veil of the complementarity of aesthetics and identification. Based on the relevant theories of aesthetics and modernity, this thesis attempts to analyze the aesthetic connotation and literary expression of Frankenstein from both aspects of content and form and to reveal the aesthetic modernity in this novel. The novel exquisitely depicts the desire and reflection of the created "monster" on beauty and identity, exposes the social ills and humanity defects resulting from Enlightenment modernity in the contradiction between the construction of subjectivity and the modern aesthetic shackles, expands the scope and boundary of sympathy in the switch of multiple narrative perspectives, thus constructing a community of compassion in literary creation. As a result, Frankenstein and its research from the perspective of aesthetic modernity have great literary value and significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction following percutaneous coronary intervention, but there are currently no effective pharmacological targets for adjuvant therapy due to a lack of knowledge of I/R injury mechanisms in cardiomyocytes. To evaluate the effects of hypoxia-reoxygenation on the plasma proteome of cardiomyocytes and prospective therapeutic targets, five sets of H9C2 cardiomyocytes from rats were cultured under various hypoxic circumstances. Using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, the cell viability and LDH release of H9C2 cells were analyzed. Proteome sequencing was then performed on cardiomyocytes to show the quantitative protein changes during the I/R injury process. After hypoxia/reoxygenation, bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2) expression was evaluated. After administering the BRD2 inhibitor dBET1, the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/haem oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) was identified. The results showed that in the group exposed to 4 h of hypoxia followed by 4 h of reoxygenation (H/R4), the cell survival rate was dramatically reduced, although the apoptotic rate and LDH were much higher than in the normal oxygen group. In addition, the expressions of 2,325 proteins differed considerably between these two groups, with 128 upregulated and 122 downregulated proteins being discovered in the H/R4 group. After 4 h of reoxygenation, the BRD2 expression was increased. Following the addition of dBET1 to suppress BRD2, the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 was reduced, but the rate of apoptosis increased. In conclusion, through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, BRD2 protects cardiomyocytes from damage caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation. This may have implications for novel treatment targets to minimize I/R damage to the myocardium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When modern society marches toward post-modern society, people are still experiencing the same alienation and spiritual impoverishment as in Yeats’ times. It’s known that both modernity and aesthetic tradition are embodied in Yeats’ poems. Previous studies, however, have tried to interpret each individually, usually combining theories convenient to their purposes, but seldom intend to include both when studying Yeats’ poetry. Through an intensive reading of Yeats’ poems, this thesis tries to analyze how Yeats exhibits his aesthetic modernity in the tension between his nationalism and aesthetic pursuits. With the help of pertaining theories on aesthetic modernity, it can be found that in Yeats’ reflection and criticism of modern society, his efforts to establish the aesthetic space with the help of traditional Irish images, and his persistent pursuits for a spiritual homeland in eternal art, his aesthetic modernity is manifested and his concept of spiritual salvation for a nation is clarified. The analysis of Yeats’ poems from the perspective of aesthetic modernity is therefore significant not only to the reinterpretation of Yeats’ poetry but also to individuals or even nations who are still stuck in spiritual crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]