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With the enhancement of people's awareness of healthy diet, the innovation of food function has become a hot topic. Self-microemulsion system is an anhydrous pre-concentration system which contains a mixture of oil phase, surfactants, co-surfactants, and bioactive substances in a certain proportion. Food bioactive substances can be loaded in self-microemulsion system, which can improve the bioavailability of food bioactive substances. Moreover, it also fully exerts the physiological and pharmacological activities of food bioactive substances. In this paper, the basic properties, components and preparation methods of self-microemulsion are systematically reviewed. Further, the application examples of self-microemulsion system to promote bioactive substances bio-utilization in food field in recent years are summarized, which provides a reference for the application of self-microemulsion system in food field.

Due to the randomness of the shape and hardness distribution of coal and rock in the cutting process of the cantilever roadheader, the cutting head will produce irregular violent vibration when cutting into hard rock. The instantaneous high-intensity impact has the greatest impact on the rotary table, which is the key force component of the roadheader. Its dynamic reliability and life affect the cutting efficiency and cutting stability. In order to reduce the vibration of the rotary table in the cutting process, firstly, based on the phenomenon that the rotary table in the cutting site is easy to fail and damage, the mechanical model of the rotary table in the cutting process is established, and the mechanical equation of the rotary table is deduced. The variation law of the force of the rotary table with the cutting parameters is studied. By building a cutting test bench, the vibration response of the rotary table during the cutting process is tested. Combined with the finite element, the vibration modal analysis of the rotary table is carried out to solve the first six natural frequencies and vibration modes of the rotary table, and the reasons for the severe vibration of the rotary table are analyzed. Secondly, based on the theory of working condition path analysis, the transmission path analysis model of cutting process rotary table working condition is established, the synthetic vibration of rotary table is simulated, the contribution and contribution degree of each excitation point to the vibration of rotary table are analyzed, and the main excitation source of rotary table is accurately found. Finally, by applying external active excitation, the vibration of the rotary table under different excitation frequencies is analyzed, and the excitation frequency band that can reduce the vibration of the rotary table during the cutting process is explored. The experimental results show that the external excitation frequency is between 20-60 Hz, and the vibration amplitude of the rotary table is significantly reduced. The excitation frequency of this frequency band has a good effect on the vibration control of the rotary table, which is beneficial to improve the life of the rotary table. When the excitation frequency is 40 Hz, the vibration of the rotary table is the smallest and the vibration suppression effect of the rotary table is the best. The research results are beneficial to enrich the research theory of rotary table vibration, and reduce the force and structural deformation of rotary table without changing the mechanical structure, which can provide theoretical reference for the vibration problem of rotary table of roadheader.

Abstract Background Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is an important complication in the perioperative period of coronary angiography (CAG). Dysglycemia is closely associated with the occurrence of CA-AKI. However, the association between stress hyperglycemia and CA-AKI in patients undergoing CAG remains unclear. The study aims to investigate the association of the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and CA-AKI under CAG in a large real-world cohort. Methods This was a retrospective observational study, and patients undergoing CAG were enrolled. SHR is calculated by dividing the random blood glucose with the estimated average glucose derived from the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and subjects were divided into five groups according to SHR. The outcome was CA-AKI defined as an increase in serum creatinine of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (26.5 μmol/L) or 1.5-fold higher than normal levels in 48 h. The association was assessed with logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analysis. Results In 19,965 participants (men: 73.3%, mean age: 63.1 ± 10.8 years) undergoing CAG, a total of 1,621 CA-AKI cases occurred. There were reverse J-shaped associations between the SHR and CA-AKI after adjustment for other confounding factors. Moreover, SHR improved the predictive effectiveness of the traditional Mehran score (AUC 0.65 vs 0.63, P

Plant morphogenesis relies on precise gene expression programs at the proper time and position which is orchestrated by transcription factors (TFs) in intricate regulatory networks in a cell-type specific manner. Here we introduced a comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic atlas of Arabidopsis seedlings. This atlas is the result of meticulous integration of 63 previously published scRNA-seq datasets, addressing batch effects and conserving biological variance. This integration spans a broad spectrum of tissues, including both below- and above-ground parts. Utilizing a rigorous approach for cell type annotation, we identified 47 distinct cell types or states, largely expanding our current view of plant cell compositions. We systematically constructed cell-type specific gene regulatory networks and uncovered key regulators that act in a coordinated manner to control cell-type specific gene expression. Taken together, our study not only offers extensive plant cell atlas exploration that serves as a valuable resource, but also provides molecular insights into gene-regulatory programs that varies from different cell types.

Molten salt from the service environment leaches Y2O3 from yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), threatening the security of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). In this study, we compared the molten salt corrosion resistances of YSZ coatings prepared via plasma-spraying physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) before and after laser remelting. At 1000 °C, the molten salt reacted with YSZ particulates in the PS-PVD YSZ coating and infiltrated the gaps between quasi-columnar crystals, resulting in phase transition of the coating and column breakage. A dense glazed layer was formed on the YSZ coating surface after remelting by the low-energy-density laser, which prohibited the penetration of molten salt and improved the hot corrosion resistance of the YSZ coating. By contrast, the failure of the high-energy-density laser-treated YSZ coating was accelerated due to the significant interfacial stress from the thick glazed layer and volume expansion caused by the corrosion products. Our investigation revealed the structural evolution of the PS-PVD YSZ coating under hot corrosion conditions, emphasized the role of laser remelting, and could serve as a guideline for TBCs modification.

Some bioactive substances are insoluble in water and have low bioavailability, which limits their application. In recent years, how to effectively deliver bioactive substances has attracted wide attention. However, the commonly used food-grade encapsulation carriers, lipids, polysaccharides and proteins, often have limitations when used alone, which limits their effectiveness in delivery systems. Coupling protein with lipid or polysaccharide is an emerging technology for the manufacture of new delivery systems. Compared with a single carrier, these multivariate conjugates have better synergistic effects in vivo, which improves stability and encapsulation efficiency of delivery systems, and can maximize the functional properties and biological activities of products. This paper mainly reviews the importance and limitations of lipids, polysaccharides and proteins as delivery systems, and horizontally compares the advantages and disadvantages between single matrix and multi-composite carrier matrix. The coupling of protein-lipid/polysaccharide binary matrix is taken as the main research object, and the coupling mechanism, coupling method and its advantages in nutrition delivery are discussed. The future research direction is also prospected.

Despite extensive investigations elucidating the initial response behavior of aluminized polytetrafluoroethylene (Al-PTFE) under atmospheric pressure, research on their response in lean-oxygen environments pertinent to propulsion and explosion scenarios is still lacking. This paper theoretically analyzes the multi-physical processes of laser-ignited Al-PTFE, identifying the initial response, main chemical reaction paths, and gas-phase product flow mechanisms. A dynamic reaction model of Al-PTFE considering material moving front, chemical reactions, gas-phase product dynamics, and variations in thermophysical properties, was developed. The robust coupling scheme in the model addresses nonlinear equations and fluid-solid coupling boundary conditions. Validation was achieved by comparing the ablation depth and plume number density field calculated by the model with the experimental results in the literature. The model reveals a positive correlation between laser fluence and both temperature growth rate and ablation depth of Al-PTFE, with the effects mainly observed in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the pulsed laser due to the thermal decomposition of the PTFE matrix. Simulations of the equilibrium constants and molar fractions of 19 components in the Al-PTFE ablation plume within the temperature range of 2000 K to 30,000 K at 0.001 Pa indicate that the equilibrium constants for dissociative reactions exceed those for ionization reactions, primarily in the early plume formation stages. Analysis of kinetic parameters and ambient pressure effects shows that during laser ablation, the maximum temperature of the plume initially appears near the ablation surface, shifting to the front, where the maximum velocity is always located. An elliptical shock wave forms due to adiabatic expansion of the plume, creating a cavity inside the plume. Lower ambient pressure increases plume expansion velocity, temperature, and size.

Benzovindiflupyr is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide that targets mitochondrial function for disease control. In this study, we investigated the adsorption–desorption and leaching behavior of benzovindiflupyr in eight soil types using the batch equilibrium method and the soil column leaching method. A Freundlich model (r2 > 0.9959) was used to better characterize the adsorption-desorption process in eight soil types, with adsorption coefficients (KF-ads) ranging from 2.303 to 17.886. KF-ads was significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the organic carbon content. High temperatures and increased initial pH of aqueous solutions led to a decrease in benzovindiflupyr adsorption in the soil. The adsorption was also influenced by factors such as ionic strength, humic acid, surfactant type, microplastic type, and particle size and concentration. Moreover, benzovindiflupyr exhibited low leachability in all four soils selected, but different leaching solutions affected the risk of benzovindiflupyr migration to groundwater. Overall, this study provides insights into the adsorption characteristics of benzovindiflupyr in different soils and provides key information for environmental risk assessment.

Gastritis is a disease caused by multifactorial etiology. Ginger a widely used natural spice, possesses various beneficial properties, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and immu-nomodulatory. More and more studies have shown that ginger has significant efficacy in treating gastritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ginger in the treatment of gastritis and its mechanism. The chemical composition of ginger was determined by UPLC-HRMS. The biological state and intestinal propulsion rate in mice were measured. Serum levels of gastrointestinal hormone were measured using ELISA. Histopathological examination was performed to evaluate gastric tissue damage. Additionally, stomach tissues of mice from different groups were selected for transcriptomic analysis. The differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were identified. PCR verification of DEGs was then performed to explore key targets. Our findings demonstrated that ginger reversed the rate of small intestinal charcoal end-propulsion, increased the levels of the gastrointestinal hormones and attenuated the histopathological damage of the stomach in a model of gastritis in mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed DEGs predominantly expressed in primarily associated with signal fransduction, extracellour transduction, extracellular space, inflammatory response and the extracellular region. KEGG pathway analysis implicated the involvement of AGE-RAGE, MAPK signaling and potentially other pathways. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR validation of six selected DEGs showed that the genes (IL-6, STAT3, SOCS3, BDNF, TRPV4, and ICAM1) suggested their potential roles as key targets of ginger's therapeutic action in the treatment of gastritis. This study reveals potential mechanism of ginger in treating gastritis, which provides new ideas and techniques for the clinical application of ginger.

Abstract Protein degradation is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis. The ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy–lysosome system are the two primary pathways responsible for protein degradation and directly related to cell survival. In malignant tumors, the UPS plays a critical role in managing the excessive protein load caused by cancer cells hyperproliferation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the dual roles played by the UPS and autolysosome system in colorectal cancer (CRC), elucidating their impact on the initiation and progression of this disease while also highlighting their compensatory relationship. Simultaneously targeting both protein degradation pathways offers new promise for enhancing treatment efficacy against CRC. Additionally, apoptosis is closely linked to ubiquitination and autophagy, and caspases degrade proteins. A thorough comprehension of the interplay between various protein degradation pathways is highly important for clarifying the mechanism underlying the onset and progression of CRC.

Abstract In contemporary large wind farms, the combination of condition-based maintenance (CBM) and time-based maintenance (TBM) has become a prevalent approach in preventive maintenance, which is an indispensable part to ensure the safe, stable and environmental operation of equipment. However, the utilization of an inappropriate maintenance strategy may result in over-maintenance or under-maintenance, leading to unstable equipment operation. Furthermore, the majority of preventive maintenance involves replacement maintenance, which may have adverse effects on the performance of wind turbines with excessive maintenance time. Therefore, this paper takes the gearbox as a case study to introduce the incomplete maintenance parameters into the failure rate function to establish a state model based on the stochastic differential equation (SDE) and describing the state change of incomplete maintenance. And then simulating the state model of the gearbox and the joint preventive maintenance strategy of TBM and CBM through examples, resulting the time-based incomplete maintenance (TBIM) is proposed based on the TBM and the incomplete maintenance, and a new joint preventive maintenance strategy incorporating TBIM and CBM is proposed. Through developing the decision-making process of the maintenance strategy to optimize the inappropriate maintenance which including over-maintenance and under-maintenance and simulating the optimized preventive maintenance strategy to compare with that of TBM and CBM and verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed maintenance method.

Abstract Community search (CS) is a vital research area in network science that focuses on discovering personalized communities for query vertices from graphs. However, existing CS methods mainly concentrate on homogeneous or simple attributed graphs, often disregarding complex semantic information and rich contents carried by entities in heterogeneous graphs (HGs). In this paper, we propose a novel problem, namely the “Semantic Network Oriented Community Search with Meta-Structures in Heterogeneous Graphs (SNCS),” which aims to find dense communities that contain the query vertex, with vertices of the same type sharing similar topics. In response to this new problem, we present a novel approach, also named SNCS, representing the first solution employing meta-structures and topic constraints to tackle community search, leveraging both topological and latent features. To overcome the high-time complexity challenge posed by searching through meta-structures, we introduce a unique graph reconstruction technique. Our proposed method’s superiority is validated through extensive evaluations on real-world datasets. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the quality of the obtained communities, with increases of 3.5–4.4% in clustering coefficient and 5–11% in density while requiring only 4–46% of the running time when compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

Abstract The components of wind turbines are complex in structure and the working environment is harsh, which makes wind turbines face problems such as high failure rates and high maintenance costs. In this paper, the stochastic differential equation model has been established for the harsh operating environment of wind turbines, and used Brownian motion to simulate random disturbances; aiming at the problem of high failure rate of wind turbines, based on Weibull distribution, a new model has been established by combining operating time and equipment state to calculate the failure rate; in the analysis of monitoring data, the Higher-Order Moment method and Bayesian method were used to solve the parameters. The opportunity maintenance threshold curve and preventive maintenance threshold curve were obtained by analyzing Time-Based Maintenance and Condition-Based Maintenance. Therefore, the Condition-Based Opportunistic Maintenance strategy was obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed method was finally verified by arithmetic examples.

Utilizing infrared spectroscopy coupled with batch equilibrium methods, the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the novel Insecticide fluchlordiniliprole were assessed in four different soil types. It was found that fluchlordiniliprole’s adsorption and desorption in these soils were consistent with the Freundlich isotherm, exhibiting adsorption capacities (KF-ads) ranging from 8.436 to 36.269. Temperature fluctuations, encompassing both high and low extremes, impaired the ability of soil to adsorb fluchlordiniliprole. In addition, adsorption dynamics were modulated by several other factors, including soil pH, ionic strength, amendments (e.g., biochar and humic substances), and the presence of various surfactants and microplastics. Although capable of leaching, fluchlordiniliprole exhibited weak mobility in most soils. Therefore, it appears that fluchlordiniliprole seems to pose a threat to surface soil and aquatic biota, but a minimal threat to groundwater. Synopsis Statement: This research examines the dynamics of fluchlordiniliprole in soil, an will aid in maintaining ecological safety and managing agricultural pesticides. The study's comprehensive analysis of adsorption, desorption, and soil migration patterns significantly contributes to our understanding of pesticide interactions with diverse soil types. The results of this study will enable the development of environmentally responsible agricultural practices.

IntroductionThe contamination of farmland soil with the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) has consistently been a globally recognized environmental issue, especially with the rapid development of the central part of the Hanjiang River basin. The Cd contamination has become increasingly serious, and the accumulation and translocation of Cd in the soil-crop system warrant further research.MethodsIn this study, representative yellowish-brown soil and limestone soil from Hubei Province in China, as well as five varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L), were selected to investigate Cd accumulation and transfer regulation from soil to plants using pot tests at varying Cd concentration levels.Results and discussionFor Eshu-12, Favorita, Huashu-6, Mira, and Zhongshu-5, the accumulation capacity of Cd in different parts exhibits a consistent pattern: Cdroot > Cdstem > Cdleaf > Cdtuber. The potato varieties exhibited distinct differences in Cd concentration, as follows: CdFavorita > CdMira > CdEshu-12 > CdHuashu-6 > CdZhongshu-5. The yellowish-brown soil demonstrated a higher accumulation and lower transport capacity to the plants of Cd, while limestone soil exhibited the opposite trend. The bio-concentration factor and transfer coefficients in yellowish-brown soil revealed significant (p

IntroductionTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a therapeutic option to mitigate symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our study investigated the effects of a two-week regimen of tDCS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in children with ASD, examining changes in rhythmic brain activity and alterations in functional connectivity within key neural networks: the default mode network (DMN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and dorsal attention network (DAN).MethodsWe enrolled twenty-six children with ASD and assigned them randomly to either an active stimulation group (n=13) or a sham stimulation group (n=13). The active group received tDCS at an intensity of 1mA to the left DLPFC for a combined duration of 10 days. Differences in electrical brain activity were pinpointed using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA), while functional connectivity was assessed via lagged phase synchronization.ResultsCompared to the typically developing children, children with ASD exhibited lower current source density across all frequency bands. Post-treatment, the active stimulation group demonstrated a significant increase in both current source density and resting state network connectivity. Such changes were not observed in the sham stimulation group.ConclusiontDCS targeting the DLPFC may bolster brain functional connectivity in patients with ASD, offering a substantive groundwork for potential clinical applications.

Abstract Background Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory hepatic disorder with no effective treatment. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising treatment owing to their unique advantages. However, their heterogeneity is hampering use in clinical applications. Methods Wharton’s jelly derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) were isolated from 58 human donors using current good manufacturing practice conditions. Gene expression profiles of the WJ-MSCs were analyzed by transcriptome and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), and subsequent functional differences were assessed. Expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) were used as an indicator to screen WJ-MSCs with varied immunomodulation activities and assessed their corresponding therapeutic effects in a mouse model of concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis. Results The 58 different donor-derived WJ-MSCs were grouped into six gene expression profile clusters. The gene in different clusters displayed obvious variations in cell proliferation, differentiation bias, trophic factor secretion, and immunoregulation. Data of scRNA-seq revealed four distinct WJ-MSCs subpopulations. Notably, the different immunosuppression capacities of WJ-MSCs were positively correlated with PD-L1 expression. WJ-MSCs with high expression of PD-L1 were therapeutically superior to WJ-MSCs with low PD-L1 expression in treating autoimmune hepatitis. Conclusion PD-L1 expression levels of WJ-MSCs could be regarded as an indicator to choose optimal MSCs for treating autoimmune disease. These findings provided novel insights into the quality control of MSCs and will inform improvements in the therapeutic benefits of MSCs.

Abstract Background Atresia and degeneration, a follicular developmental fate that reduces female fertility and is triggered by granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, have been induced by dozens of miRNAs. Here, we report a miRNA, miR-423, that inhibits the initiation of follicular atresia (FA), and early apoptosis of GCs. Results We showed that miR-423 was down-regulated during sow FA, and its levels in follicles were negatively correlated with the GC density and the P4/E2 ratio in the follicular fluid in vivo. The in vitro gain-of-function experiments revealed that miR-423 suppresses cell apoptosis, especially early apoptosis in GCs. Mechanically speaking, the miR-423 targets and interacts with the 3'-UTR of the porcine SMAD7 gene, which encodes an apoptosis-inducing factor in GCs, and represses its expression and pro-apoptotic function. Interestingly, FA and the GC apoptosis-related lncRNA NORHA was demonstrated as a ceRNA of miR-423. Additionally, we showed that a single base deletion/insertion in the miR-423 promoter is significantly associated with the number of stillbirths (NSB) trait of sows. Conclusion These results demonstrate that miR-423 is a small molecule for inhibiting FA initiation and GC early apoptosis, suggesting that treating with miR-423 may be a novel approach for inhibiting FA initiation and improving female fertility.

Abstract A new type of parallel operation unit for excavating and supporting anchors is proposed to address the issue of imbalanced excavation anchor ratio in coal mines. By equipping a straddle type anchoring drilling rig group, the synchronous parallel and fast operation mode for excavating and supporting anchors is achieved; Consider the problem of poor drilling stability of drill pipes in coal mines due to the coupling vibration between surrounding rock and anchoring equipment. Firstly, taking the multi drilling rig anchoring system as the research object, considering the influence of the equipment itself as an influencing factor on the vibration of the drill pipe, a dynamic model of the system is constructed using Lagrangian equations, and analytical solutions for the vibration displacement of each mass block are obtained; In order to more intuitively represent the vibration process of the drill pipe, Ansys is used to conduct modal analysis on the key components of the anchoring drilling rig system, and obtain the natural frequencies and vibration modes of each order of the key components; Using Adams to solve the rigid flexible coupling dynamic model of the anchoring drilling rig system, the vibration response laws of the drill pipe under different operating states were obtained. Secondly, Abaqus was used to simulate the drilling process of the drill pipe and obtain the vibration response law generated by the interaction between the drill pipe and the surrounding rock; The results indicate that the anchoring equipment has a greater impact on the vibration of the drill pipe, and the surrounding rock has a more stable impact on the vibration of the drill pipe. Due to the short body and large span structure of the anchoring system crossbeam expansion frame, the vibration response of the drill pipe is significantly greater than that of the retracted state of the drilling rig due to being in an unstable cantilever state when the drilling rig is extended. The theoretical reliability of the vibration response law of the drill pipe under different states has been further verified through drilling experiments of the anchoring system prototype. The relevant theories can provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of automatic anchoring technology in the anchoring system.

Ketogenic diets have been shown to play a role in some metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases as a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets supplemented with appropriate protein. Ketogenic diets have been proven effective, but the mechanisms of action are still unclear. Therefore, this paper summarizes the development of the ketogenic diet, its application in the treatment of metabolic diseases (type Ⅱ diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and gout), recommended diet plans and adverse reactions, and confirms that the ketogenic diet can be used as an adjunct therapy for metabolic diseases in terms of improving stress response and the intestinal microbiome. The classic ketogenic diet, medium-chain triglyceride, modified Atkins diet, and low glycemic index treatment are recommended as ketogenic diet programs. The adverse reactions of the ketogenic diet in metabolism, gastrointestinal tract, urinary system, and contraindications are summarized. This paper also summarizes the invention patents of ketogenic diet-related products, which paved the way and prospected for the subsequent product development and as an auxiliary treatment program.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), as a group of persistent organic pollutants among environmental endocrine disruptors, are widely used in industrial production and daily life. PFASs are widely and persistently present in the environment and organisms due to their bioaccumulation, long half-life, and low degradability properties. Published studies have proved that PFASs have immunotoxicity, endocrine toxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and hepatotoxicity. At present, several epidemiological studies have been conducted on the effects of PFASs on allergic diseases, the research endpoints include asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and the expression of allergic biomarkers such as serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), but no consistent results have been observed yet. PFASs have the potential to activate several signaling pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and JAK/STAT pathways. These mechanisms, along with increasing mast cell calcium influx and sex hormone synergistic effects, may contribute to immunomodulation in allergic diseases. At present, the exact human effect of PFASs exposure on allergic diseases and the related mechanisms are still uncertain. This review focused on the impacts of PFASs on asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis and their possible mechanisms, so as to provide research ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic diseases.

Abstract Background Fetal skeletal dysplasia is a diverse group of degenerative diseases of bone and cartilage disorders that can lead to movement disorder and even death. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic yield of sonographic examination and genetic testing for fetal skeletal dysplasia. Methods From September 2015 to April 2021, the study investigated 24 cases with suspected short-limb fetuses, which were obtained from Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. To identify the causative gene, multiple approaches (including karyotype analysis, copy number variations and whole exome sequencing) were performed on these fetuses. And further segregation analysis of the candidate variant was performed in parents by using Sanger sequencing. Results ① Out of 24 cases, likely pathogenic variants in FGFR3, FBN2, COL1A2, CUL7 and DYNC2H1 were detected in 6 cases; pathogenic variants in FGFR3, IMPAD1 and GORAB were identified in other 6 cases; and variants in WNT1, FBN1, OBSL1, COL1A1, DYNC2H1 and NEK1, known as Variant of Undetermined Significance, were found in 4 cases. There were no variants detected in the rest 8 cases by the whole exome sequencing. ② Of 24 cases, 12 (50%) were found to carry variants (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) in seven genes with 12 variants. Four fetuses (16.7%) had variants of uncertain significance. Conclusion Genetic testing combining with ultrasound scanning enhances the accurate diagnosis of fatal skeletal dysplasia in utero, and then provides appropriate genetic counseling.

Abstract Background Among patients with acute coronary syndrome and percutaneous coronary intervention, stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) is primarily associated with short-term unfavorable outcomes. However, the relationship between SHR and long-term worsen prognosis in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) are not fully investigated, especially in those with different ethnicity. This study aimed to clarify the association of SHR with all-cause mortality in critical AMI patients from American and Chinese cohorts. Methods Overall 4,337 AMI patients with their first ICU admission from the American Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database (n = 2,166) and Chinese multicenter registry cohort Cardiorenal ImprovemeNt II (CIN-II, n = 2,171) were included in this study. The patients were divided into 4 groups based on quantiles of SHR in both two cohorts. Results The total mortality was 23.8% (maximum follow-up time: 12.1 years) in American MIMIC-IV and 29.1% (maximum follow-up time: 14.1 years) in Chinese CIN-II. In MIMIC-IV cohort, patients with SHR of quartile 4 had higher risk of 1-year (adjusted hazard radio [aHR] = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.40–2.50) and long-term (aHR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.27–2.09) all-cause mortality than quartile 2 (as reference). Similar results were observed in CIN-II cohort (1-year mortality: aHR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.03–2.02; long-term mortality: aHR = 1.32; 95%CI: 1.05–1.66). In both two group, restricted cubic splines indicated a J-shaped correlation between SHR and all-cause mortality. In subgroup analysis, SHR was significantly associated with higher 1-year and long-term all-cause mortality among patients without diabetes in both MIMIC-IV and CIN-II cohort. Conclusion Among critical AMI patients, elevated SHR is significantly associated with and 1-year and long-term all-cause mortality, especially in those without diabetes, and the results are consistently in both American and Chinese cohorts.

A new type of parallel operation unit for excavation, support and anchor is proposed to address the imbalance of excavation and anchor ratio in coal mines. It has high adaptability to the shape of tunnel sections, coal rock properties, and unevenness of roof and floor under complex geological conditions. By equipped with a multi posture new anchoring drilling rig system, the synchronous parallel and fast operation mode of excavation and anchor is achieved; Considering factors such as the spatial position relationship of anchor excavation operation, the shape and size of anchor section, and the influence of coupling vibration of anchor operation, a drilling vibration suppression device for anchor drilling rig system is proposed, which adopts a “sky to earth” stable support form to reduce the coupling vibration influence of adjacent systems during synchronous operation of anchor drilling rig group system; Considering that the anchor drilling rig group is composed of multi mass and multi degree of freedom systems, a vibration Transitive model diagram of the unit’s attitude changing operation state under complex terrain conditions is proposed. The finite element analysis software Abaqus is used to simulate the drilling conditions with different rock properties, and the analysis can obtain the change law of the drill pipe’s propulsion resistance under different coal seam conditions; In order to find out the variation law of the stiffness value of the key components of the anchoring drill system under the action of the vibration suppression device, the variation range of the stiffness value of the beam stretching out of different lengths and the cylinder outrigger stretching out/retracting state is solved based on the deformation coordination method in Strength of materials; Through the List of numerical-analysis software Matlab, the dynamic model of the above anchoring rig system is solved, and the vibration parameters of the rig group under different working conditions such as the extension of the left and right crossbeams and the extension and retraction of the outriggers are obtained. The analysis shows that the drilling rig outriggers have a very significant effect on reducing the lateral rolling vibration of the anchoring unit. By conducting prototype testing and analysis of the anchoring system, it is verified that the vibration suppression effect of the support legs of the anchoring drilling rig system meets the requirements. By improving the stability of the anchoring system, a certain theoretical basis can be provided for research on automatic anchoring positioning, drilling and hole forming quality, and other aspects.

Abstract High-efficiency rock breaking technology is an important problem to be solved urgently in deep mining. The existing auxiliary rock breaking technology for coal mine excavation has problems such as polluting coal, high requirements for tool materials, and difficulty in subsequent washing. In this paper, an active excitation cutting system for rotary cylinder of cantilever roadheader based on alternating valve is proposed. According to the classical calculation formula of cutting load of roadheader, considering the stiffness-damping characteristics of cutting part and cutting cylinder, the simulation algorithm of cutting load is compiled based on MATLAB simulation analysis software. The excitation cutting experiments of different cutting depths are carried out on the cutting test bench, and compared with the simulation algorithm of cutting load. Taking the cutting load as the discriminant index, the influence of oil supply pressure and excitation frequency of rotary cylinder on the cutting load is analyzed based on the simulation algorithm of cutting load. The results show that the error between the simulation results and the experimental results of the active excitation state is less than 12%, and the two are in good agreement. Under the condition of 30 HZ, when the excitation amplitude is 8 Mpa, 10 Mpa, 12 Mpa, 14 Mpa, when the rotary cylinder excitation amplitude is 10 Mpa, the minimum is 131.42 KN. Compared with the rotary cylinder excitation amplitude under the condition of 10 Mpa, when the excitation frequency is 30 HZ, 35 HZ, 40 HZ, 45 HZ, when the excitation frequency is 40 HZ, the minimum is 83.08 KN, indicating that changing the excitation amplitude or oil supply pressure of the rotary cylinder is helpful to adjust the cutting performance.

Microplastics (MPs) and pesticides are two categories contaminants with proposed negative impacts to aqueous ecosystems, and adsorption of pesticides on MPs may result in their long-range transport and compound combination effects. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl, a novel pyridine-2-carboxylate auxin herbicide has been widely used to control weeds in paddy field, but the insights of which are extremely limited. Therefore, adsorption and desorption behaviors of florpyrauxifen-benzyl on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE) and disposable face masks (DFMs) in five water environment were investigated. The impacts of various environmental factors on adsorption capacity were evaluated, as well as adsorption mechanisms. The results revealed significant variations in adsorption capacity of florpyrauxifen-benzyl on three MPs, with approximately order of DFMs > PE > PVC. The discrepancy can be attributed to differences in structural and physicochemical properties, as evidenced by various characterization analysis. The kinetics and isotherm of florpyrauxifen-benzyl on three MPs were suitable for different models, wherein physical force predominantly governed adsorption process. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that both high and low temperatures weakened PE and DFMs adsorption, whereas temperature exhibited negligible impact on PVC adsorption. The adsorption capacity was significantly influenced by most environmental factors, particularly pH, cations and coexisting herbicide. This study provides valuable insights into the fate of florpyrauxifen-benzyl in presence of MPs, suggesting that PVC, PE and DFMs can serve as carriers of florpyrauxifen-benzyl in aquatic environment.

BackgroundThe inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine has made significant contributions to fighting the epidemic in the past three years. However, the rapid development and application raised concerns about its safety in reproductive health, especially after several studies had observed a decrease in semen parameters following two doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Thus, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the effect of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on male fertility.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Center for Reproductive Medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University between July 2021 and March 2023. A total of 409 men with different vaccination status and no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were included in this study. Their sex hormone levels and semen parameters were evaluated and compared separately.ResultsThe levels of FSH and PRL in one-dose vaccinated group were higher than other groups, while there were no significant changes in other sex hormone levels between the control and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated groups. Most semen parameters such as volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, progressive motility and normal forms were similar before and after vaccination with any single dose or combination of doses (all P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the total motility was significantly decreased after receiving the 1 + 2 doses of vaccine compared to before vaccination (46.90 ± 2.40% vs. 58.62 ± 2.51%; P = 0.001). Fortunately, this parameter was still within the normal range.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that any single dose or different combined doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was not detrimental to male fertility. This information could reassure men who want to conceive after vaccination and be incorporated into future fertility recommendations.

This paper delves into the relationship between the volatility of the capital market and economic growth within the broader framework of the macro capital market. By employing the Heston stochastic volatility model in tandem with macroeconomic theory, we aim to analyze the stochastic control problem between the allocation trajectory of macro-capital and economic fluctuations. Our mathematical analysis reveals that the influence of capital shifts on economic growth's volatility varies across different capital markets due to diverse risk levels inherent within the macro-capital market. To validate these mathematical findings, we embark on an empirical econometric analysis tailored to the nuances of China's capital market and its macroeconomic operations. This econometric exploration yields two primary insights: 1. Distinct components of China's capital market have varying influences on macroeconomic growth. 2. The structure of China's capital market, especially in its impact on macroeconomic development, exhibits imbalances and lacks optimal configuration.

Abstract Sweet potato stem nematode disease is a devastating disease, which seriously affects the yield and quality of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). At present, soil treatment with pesticides is mainly used to prevent sweet potato stem nematode disease. In this study, Illumina MiSeq high‐throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities treated with different pesticides. At the same time, high performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the pesticide residues in soil and sweet potato, and the impact on sweet potato yield was investigated. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the four α‐diversity indexes of soil under different pesticide treatments, and the differences were not significant (p > 0.05), indicating that there was no significant difference in the diversity and abundance of bacterial and fungal communities in soil under different pesticide treatments. The results of principal coordinate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in bacterial and fungal community structure among different pesticide treatments (p > 0.05). Pesticide residue analysis and yield statistics of sweet potato showed that the residual amount of three kinds of pesticides in sweet potato did not exceed the maximum limit stipulated by the current National Standards for Food safety (GB2763‐2021). When 5% chlorpyrifos phoxim particles were applied at 15.18 kg/acre, sweet potato was unaffected by pests and diseases basically, and the yield was the highest.

Abstract Naturally existing in-plane hyperbolic polaritons and the associated optical topological transitions, which avoid the nano-structuring to achieve hyperbolicity, can outperform their counterparts in artificial metasurfaces. Such plasmon polaritons are rare, but experimentally revealed recently in WTe2 van der Waals thin films. Different from phonon polaritons, hyperbolic plasmon polaritons originate from the interplay of free carrier Drude response and interband transitions, which promise good intrinsic tunability. However, tunable in-plane hyperbolic plasmon polariton and its optical topological transition of the isofrequency contours to the elliptic topology in a natural material have not been realized. Here we demonstrate the tuning of the optical topological transition through Mo doping and temperature. The optical topological transition energy is tuned over a wide range, with frequencies ranging from 429 cm−1 (23.3 microns) for pure WTe2 to 270 cm−1 (37.0 microns) at the 50% Mo-doping level at 10 K. Moreover, the temperature-induced blueshift of the optical topological transition energy is also revealed, enabling active and reversible tuning. Surprisingly, the localized surface plasmon resonance in skew ribbons shows unusual polarization dependence, accurately manifesting its topology, which renders a reliable means to track the topology with far-field techniques. Our results open an avenue for reconfigurable photonic devices capable of plasmon polariton steering, such as canaling, focusing, and routing, and pave the way for low-symmetry plasmonic nanophotonics based on anisotropic natural materials.

Abstract The ever‐growing open‐source software tools in different domains increase the difficulty of software selection from the end‐users perspective. The process of evaluating, comparing, and selecting open‐source solutions is far from trivial. Especially, when additional requirements need to be considered, the existing methodologies will fail to adapt to the new tasks. The objective of this study is to present a solution for dealing with this issue. A novel approach, CTHP, is presented for the evaluation and selection of open‐source software in the Bioinformatics domain. First, the ISO 25010 quality model is chosen as the basis. This model is customised according to the special characteristics of the Bioinformatics applications. The customisation is done by extracting the quality factors from the Bioinformatics applications, weighting these factors from the viewpoints of both developers and end‐users, and adding them to the model. After that, Three‐way Decision and Delphi Hierarchy Process are integrated to assist in the selection for adoption. Finally, as a case study, the proposed approach is applied to assist the decision‐making process of two popular natural language processing frameworks in the Bioinformatics area. Our study is a valuable contribution since it provides a systematic way to document the decision‐making process and help the researchers and practitioners of Bioinformatics to make better decisions among the alternatives.

The objective of the pansharpening task is to integrate multispectral (MS) images with low spatial resolution (LR) and to integrate panchromatic (PAN) images with high spatial resolution (HR) to generate HRMS images. Recently, deep learning-based pansharpening methods have been widely studied. However, traditional deep learning methods lack transparency while deep unrolling methods have limited performance when using one implicit prior for HRMS images. To address this issue, we incorporate one implicit prior with a semi-implicit prior and propose a double prior deep unrolling network (DPDU-Net) for pansharpening. Specifically, we first formulate the objective function based on observation models of PAN and LRMS images and two priors of an HRMS image. In addition to the implicit prior in the image domain, we enforce the sparsity of the HRMS image in a certain multi-scale implicit space; thereby, the feature map can obtain better sparse representation ability. We optimize the proposed objective function via alternating iteration. Then, the iterative process is unrolled into an elaborate network, with each iteration corresponding to a stage of the network. We conduct both reduced-resolution and full-resolution experiments on two satellite datasets. Both visual comparisons and metric-based evaluations consistently demonstrate the superiority of the proposed DPDU-Net.

In this paper, Cu-BTC derived mesoporous CuS nanomaterial (m-CuS) was synthesized via a two-step process involving carbonization and sulfidation of Cu-BTC for colorimetric glutathione detection. The Cu-BTC was constructed by 1,3,5-benzenetri-carboxylic acid (H3BTC) and Cu2+ ions. The obtained m-CuS showed a large specific surface area (55.751 m2/g), pore volume (0.153 cm3/g), and pore diameter (15.380 nm). In addition, the synthesized m-CuS exhibited high peroxidase-like activity and could catalyze oxidation of the colorless substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine to a blue product. Peroxidase-like activity mechanism studies using terephthalic acid as a fluorescent probe proved that m-CuS assists H2O2 decomposition to reactive oxygen species, which are responsible for TMB oxidation. However, the catalytic activity of m-CuS for the oxidation of TMB by H2O2 could be potently inhibited in the presence of glutathione. Based on this phenomenon, the colorimetric detection of glutathione was demonstrated with good selectivity and high sensitivity. The linear range was 1–20 μM and 20–300 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. The m-CuS showing good stability and robust peroxidase catalytic activity was applied for the detection of glutathione in human urine samples.

Abstract Wildlife is reservoir of emerging viruses. Here we identified 27 families of mammalian viruses from 1981 wild animals and 194 zoo animals collected from south China between 2015 and 2022, isolated and characterized the pathogenicity of eight viruses. Bats harbor high diversity of coronaviruses, picornaviruses and astroviruses, and a potentially novel genus of Bornaviridae. In addition to the reported SARSr-CoV-2 and HKU4-CoV-like viruses, picornavirus and respiroviruses also likely circulate between bats and pangolins. Pikas harbor a new clade of Embecovirus and a new genus of arenaviruses. Further, the potential cross-species transmission of RNA viruses (paramyxovirus and astrovirus) and DNA viruses (pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus 2, porcine circovirus 3 and parvovirus) between wildlife and domestic animals was identified, complicating wildlife protection and the prevention and control of these diseases in domestic animals. This study provides a nuanced view of the frequency of host-jumping events, as well as assessments of zoonotic risk.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a serious threat to global healthcare and economy. In order to curb its spread, China adopted the dynamic zero-COVID policy, aiming to diagnose and isolate cases and close contacts as soon as possible. However, there is a controversy about the impact of isolation measures on social order, including the economy, personal employment and public mental health. Therefore, this review discusses and analyzes in detail the advantages and challenges of implementing dynamic zero-COVID policy. Although this public health policy might cause a shock to the economy in the short term, China still achieved a continued healthy economic performance with stable unemployment and strong export growth. Moreover, the rates of infection and mortality in China were lower than those in the United States and the European Union. However, due to the high transmissibility and low pathogenicity of the Omicron variant and prolonged lockdown-induced psychological damage, people questioned the effectiveness and necessity of this policy. Now that China has adjusted its policy in a timely manner, but many problems still remain unsolved. Some practical suggestions in terms of mental health, vaccine development, drugs supply, and economic recovery are put forward at the end of our paper to minimize negative impacts and provide a reference for future efforts.

Abstract Background The nutrient availability of roughages could affect the dietary utilization efficiency of ruminants even in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Here, we analyzed the bacterial composition and their metabolic pathways in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of Hu sheep fed with wheat straw (WS) instead of alfalfa (AL) in isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets, trying to explore the reasons from the perspective of GITs bacterial network structure changes. Results We employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing in combination with the Kruskal–Wallis test, Spearman correlation analysis, and other statistical methods to describe the microbiota composition in the GITs of Hu sheep. The results showed after the roughage was replaced from AL to WS, the most positive response occurred in the rumen microbiota, resulting in a more obvious microbiological and functional redundancy phenomenon. Whereas extended biogeographic studies of the GITs bacterial community found opposite results for the hindgut microbiota and metabolism networks compared to the forestomach. The abundance of fiber-degrading bacteria such as Prevotella, Oscillospiraceae NK4A214 group, and Treponema was significantly increased in GITs, but low-efficiency crude fiber degradation inhibited energy use efficiency, the pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, and volatile acid synthesis. In addition, dietary shifting from AL to WS decreased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as the Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group and Alistipes, thereby enhancing the underlying inflammatory response. Conclusions These findings suggest that feeding untreated WS affected the structure and function of the bacterial network in the GITs due to limited total digestible nutrients, and in particular increases the complexity of the rumen bacterial network, and limit the abundance of bacteria involved in the crude fiber degradation in the hindgut.

BackgroundThe mortality rate of patients with heart failure (HF) remains high, and when heart failure occurs, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is involved in the perfusion of renal blood flow. Some studies have shown an association between heart failure prognosis and blood urea nitrogen, but the results of some other studies were inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the value of BUN on the prognosis of patients with heart failure.MethodsA computerized systematic search of all English literature was performed in four databases, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Web of Science, from their inception to May 2022. The data of BUN were classified into continuous and categorical variables after passing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The BUN data of both types were extracted separately into stata15.0 for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 19 cohort studies involving 56,003 patients were included. When BUN was used as a categorical variable, the risk of death in heart failure was 2.29 times higher for high levels of BUN than for low levels of BUN (RR = 2.29, 95% CI:1.42–3.70, P

Precise manipulation of droplets or bubbles hosts a broad range of applications for microfluidic devices, drug delivery, and soft robotics. Here, Hu et al. show the manipulation of Marangoni-driven dancing bubbles on water using a near-infrared-laser in a frequency of tens-of-Hertz.

Abstract Objective Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) was regarded to improve lipid metabolism and reduce obesity-related hyperlipidemia. Whether VEGFB participates in lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been clear yet. This study investigated the involvement of VEGFB in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance via the AMPK signaling pathway in NAFLD. Methods We constructed the animal and cell model of NAFLD after VEGFB gene knockout to detect liver damage and metabolism in NAFLD. Bioinformatics analysis of VEGFB and the AMPK signaling pathway relative genes to verify the differential proteins. And mRNA levels of NAFLD fatty acid metabolism-related genes were detected. Results After the systemic VEGFB knockout mice were fed with high fat, the body fat, serum lipoprotein, NAFLD score, and insulin resistance were increased. Animal and cell experiments showed that the expression levels of phosphorylated proteins of CaMKK2 and AMPK decreased, the expression of proteins related to AMPK/ACC/CPT1 signaling pathway decreased, and the target genes CPT1α and Lcad decreased accordingly, reducing fatty acid oxidation in hepatocyte mitochondria; The expression of AMPK/SREBP1/Scd1 signaling pathway relative proteins increased, ACC1 and FAS increased correspondingly, which increased lipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusion VEGFB can participate in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance of NAFLD through the AMPK signaling pathway.

Abstract Humans are complex organisms made by millions of physiological systems. Therefore, physiological activities can represent physical or mental states of the human body. Physiological signal processing is essential in monitoring human physiological features. For example, non‐invasive electroencephalography (EEG) signals can be used to reconstruct brain consciousness and detect eye movements for identity verification. However, physiological signal processing requires high resolution, high sensitivity, fast responses, and low power consumption, hindering practical hardware design for physiological signal processing. The bionic capability of memristor devices is very promising in the context of building physiological signal processing hardware and they have demonstrated a handful of advantages over the traditional Von Neumann architecture system in accelerating neural networks. Memristor networks can be integrated as a hardware system for physiological signal processing that can deliver higher energy efficiency and lower latency compared to traditional implementations. This review paper first introduces memristor characteristics, followed by a comprehensive literature study of memristor‐based networks. Physiology signal processing applications enabled by these integrated memristor networks are also presented in this review. In summary, this paper aims to provide a new perspective on physiological signal processing using integrated memristor networks.

PurposeBreast cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers in women, seriously endangering the physical and mental health of patients. In this study, we developed an app for breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy with a focus on exercise interventions, supplemented by nutritional and psychological interventions, to verify the applicability of the app for these patients and its impact on their quality of life, sleep, and psychological state. We also investigated the patients’ experience and perceptions of the app.MethodsA total of 17 participants, aged 42–58 years, were recruited for this study using a mixed-methods design, including quantitative group pre-and post-test scores and qualitative interview results. The participants used the app for 8–18 weeks depending on their radiotherapy or chemotherapy cycle. During the radiotherapy or chemotherapy period, the participants used the “Yun Dong Ru Kang” exercise rehabilitation app to perform aerobic exercises twice a week, as well as rehabilitation exercises appropriate to their radiotherapy or chemotherapy stage, and used the app on their own the rest of the time. The primary results included their scores on the PSSUQ overall assessment usability questionnaire, the users’ use of the app, and the results of the interviews; the secondary indicators were quality of life, sleep status, and anxiety and depression status.ResultsAn overall score of 6.2 (out of 7 points) on the PSSUQ questionnaire indicates the high usability; the average use time per subject per week was 97.69 ± 11.82 min, which exceeds the minimum use time, but the average use time tended to decrease as the use time was postponed. Promoted articles on nutritional diets received the most hits. The results of the interviews were consistent with the questionnaire scores, with the majority of participants believing that the means of exercise should be enriched and the interface optimized, while the reduction in the length of use was related to the participants’ own state of learning about calisthenics. In the results of the Breast Cancer-Specific Scale FACT-B, there was a significant increase (p

ABSTRACT: Duck plague is an acute, febrile, and septic infectious disease caused by duck plague virus (DPV), which causes serious harm to the duck industry in China. Ducks latently infected with DPV display a clinically healthy state, which is one of the epidemiological characteristics of duck plague. In the present study, to rapidly distinguish vaccine-immunized ducks from wild virus-infected ducks during production, a PCR assay based on the newly identified LORF5 fragment was developed to effectively and accurately identify viral DNA in cotton swab samples and was used to assess artificial infection models and clinical samples. The results showed that the established PCR method had good specificity and that only the virulent and attenuated DNA of duck plague virus was specifically amplified, as the results for the detection of common duck pathogens (duck hepatitis B virus, duck Tembusu virus, duck hepatitis A virus type 1, novel duck reovirus, Riemerella anatipestifer, Pasteurella multocida, and Salmonella) were negative. The amplified fragments of virulent and attenuated strains were 2,454 bp and 525 bp, and their minimum detection amounts were 0.46 pg and 46 pg, respectively. The detection rate of the virulent and attenuated DPV strains in duck oral and cloacal swabs was lower than that of the gold standard PCR method (GB-PCR, which is unable to distinguish virulent and attenuated strains), and cloacal swabs from clinically healthy ducks were more suitable for detection than oral swabs. In conclusion, the PCR assay established in the present study can be used as a simple and effective method for the clinical screening of ducks that are latently infected with virulent strains of DPV and shedding virus, which can provide technical support for the elimination of duck plague from duck farms.

Oral environment deterioration results from a lack of self-cleaning ability in patients with cognitive dysfunction but is also a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. Adverse oral conditions can be alleviated and improved through a self-management and medical examination. In this review, the epidemiological evidence of previous studies is integrated to highlight the relationship between periodontitis, tooth loss, oral flora, oral dysfunction and cognitive dysfunction, emphasizing the importance of oral health for cognition. The results show that poor oral condition is associated with cognitive impairment. Although many previous studies have been conducted, there is a lack of higher-level research evidence, different judgment criteria, and conflicting research results. There is a bidirectional relationship between oral health and cognitive dysfunction. A comprehensive analysis of the relationship between oral health and cognitive dysfunction that explores the relationship and takes measures to prevent cognitive dysfunction and control the progression of such diseases is warranted in the future.

The lithium-ion battery (LIB) has become the primary power source for new-energy electric vehicles, and accurately predicting the state-of-health (SOH) of LIBs is of crucial significance for ensuring the stable operation of electric vehicles and the sustainable development of green transportation. We collected multiple sets of charge–discharge cycle experimental data for LiFePO4 LIB and employed several traditional machine learning models to predict the SOH of LIBs. It was found that the RF model yielded relatively superior predictive results, confirming the feasibility of applying the RF model to SOH prediction for the electric vehicle LIB. Building upon this foundation, further research was conducted on the RF improved model for LIB SOH prediction. The PSO algorithm was employed to adaptively optimize five major parameters of the RF model: max_depth, n_estimators, max_features, min_samples_split, and min_samples_leaf. This adaptation addresses the issue of prediction errors that stem from human experience to optimize parameters in the RF model. The results indicate that the RF improved model proposed in this paper can further improve the prediction accuracy of LIB SOH. Its model evaluation index also outperform others, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach in the management of LIB SOH for new-energy electric vehicles. This contributes significantly to urban environmental protection and the development of green transportation.

This paper presents an investigation into the plume characteristics of composite propellants fabricated by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filled with different carbon additives (nano-carbon powder, graphite, and graphene) under laser irradiation in a vacuum environment. The dynamic plumes generated by the laser ablation of different modified propellant samples were captured using a high-speed camera, and the feature parameters of the plumes were extracted by image processing. The results indicated that doping carbon particles in PTFE enhanced the quality of the plasma plumes. The plume area increased up to a certain value and then stabilized, while end of plume clusters remained for a short time. Further analysis revealed that the propellant sample doped with graphene exhibited the maximum plume length and expansion rate, whereas the propellant sample doped with nano-carbon demonstrated the largest plume area. Moreover, a higher graphene doping ratio promoted greater plume length, expansion speed, and plume area. However, when the doping ratio exceeded 3%, the gain of the plume parameters gradually became saturated, and the optimal doping ratio appeared to be 5%.

Green wave control is an important technology that synchronizes traffic signals to improve traffic flow on urban arterial roads. Current research has focused on optimizing and evaluating control schemes; however, their operational effect is easily affected by a variety of traffic and travel factors. This means it is important to study methods to identify the factors influencing the operational effect of the green wave on arterial roads. In this study, we conducted innovative research to identify these factors and made breakthroughs in optimizing and evaluating schemes of green wave control. We use the number of stops, travel time, and delays as representative evaluation indicators to assess the effects of four influencing factors: design speed, signal timing, pedestrian crossing, and heavy vehicles. An association analysis that combines sensitivity analysis and grey relational analysis was used to rank these factors in their degree of correlation. A case study was conducted based on the traffic data on Eshan Road in Wuhu City to verify the proposed method. The results of simulations in Vissim 7.0 showed that pedestrian crossing and heavy vehicles were the more important factors influencing the operational effect of the green wave. Moreover, implementing measures related to traffic management helped improve the effect to an extent greater than by optimizing the scheme for green wave control alone. Additionally, optimizing control schemes in the context of implementing measures related to traffic management significantly improved the operational effect of the green wave.

The MIKCC-type gene family plays important roles in plant growth, development, and tolerance of biotic and abiotic stress, especially during floral organ differentiation. However, there have been no studies of MIKCC-type genes in rose, and functional differentiation of family members has not been explored. In this study, we identified 42 MIKCC-type genes in rose, classified the genes into 12 subfamilies, and constructed a phylogenetic tree. We performed expression analysis of these genes, and found that expression patterns correlated with the predicted subfamily, indicating that the features of MIKCC-type genes were broadly conserved during evolution. Collinear analysis of MIKCC genes among Rosaceae species confirmed the occurrence of whole genome duplications (WGD) and revealed some species-specific MIKCC genes. Transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of some MIKCC-type genes responded to low temperatures (4°C, 24 h) during flower organ differentiation. These conserved, duplicated, and novel expression patterns of MIKCC-type genes may have facilitated the adaptation of rose to various internal and external environmental changes. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for future functional analysis of the MIKCC genes in rose and investigation of the evolutionary pattern of the MIKCC gene family in the Rosaceae genome.

Abstract To identify the pathogenic gene variation in a Chinese family with Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME). By examining blood‐sourced DNA and clinical manifestations of the proband and his family members, the whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to detect possibly pathogenic mutations. A novel heterozygous mutation (c.325dup) was identified in exon 1 of the exostosin 1 (EXT1) gene from the proband and the affected family members. And we found this mutation was absent in all the unaffected family members. This c.325dup mutation is in the exon 1 domain of the EXT1 gene and the change of p.C109Lfs*80 cause the early termination of protein translation. The identification of the novel frameshift insertion mutation (c.325dup) expands the mutation spectrum of HME, which provides new evidence for HME diagnosis.

Summary: Background: Intestinal barrier dysfunction is crucial in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). The decreased beta-Klotho (KLB) expression caused by gene variation is associated with hyperpermeability in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Here we investigated the roles of intestinal KLB in maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier in ALD and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We constructed the intestine-specific overexpression KLB mice to investigate the role of KLB on alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and liver injury in an ALD mouse model. To investigate the molecular mechanism in vitro, Caco2 cells were cultured and infected with the KLB overexpression lentivirus, or transfected with KLB/TRPV6 siRNA, or TRPV6/FXR1 overexpression plasmid, and treated with or without ethanol. Findings: The upregulation of KLB in enterocytes effectively protected mice from alcohol-induced intestinal barrier hyperpermeability, thereby ameliorating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. KLB competitively suppressed FXR1 binding to the TRPV6 mRNA, increasing TRPV6 mRNA stability and protein abundance in intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, KLB formed a complex with TRPV6 and tight junction (TJ) proteins, protecting against alcohol-induced TJ proteins endocytosis and degradation as well as intestinal barrier impairment. Interpretation: This work suggested that KLB attenuated alcohol-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and liver injury through FXR1/TRPV6/TJ proteins pathway. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chongqing Natural Science Foundation, Talent Project of Chongqing and the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission.

Novel genetic variations can be obtained by inducing mutations in the plant which help to achieve novel traits. The useful mutant can be obtained through radiation mutation in a short period which can be used as a new material to produce new varieties with high yield and good quality wheat. In this paper, the proteomic analysis of wheat treated with different doses of 12C and 7Li ion beam radiation at the seedling stage was carried out through a Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) tagging quantitative proteomic analysis platform based on high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the traditional 60Co-γ-ray radiation treatment for reference. A total of 4,764 up-regulated and 5,542 down-regulated differentially expressed proteins were identified. These proteins were mainly enriched in the KEGG pathway associated with amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, signal transduction, protein synthesis, and DNA replication. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins showed that the oxidative defense system in the plant defense system was fully involved in the defense response after 12C ion beam and 7Li ion beam radiation treatments. Photosynthesis and photorespiration were inhibited after 12C ion beam and 60Co-γ-ray irradiation treatments, while there was no effect on the plant with 7Li ion beam treatment. In addition, the synthesis of biomolecules such as proteins, as well as multiple signal transduction pathways also respond to radiations. Some selected differentially expressed proteins were verified by Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) and qPCR, and the experimental results were consistent with the quantitative results of TMT. The present study shows that the physiological effect of 12C ion beam radiation treatment is different as compared to the 7Li ion beam, but its similar to the 60Co-γ ray depicting a significant effect on the plant by using the same dose. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the application of 12C and 7Li ion beam radiation in the mutation breeding of wheat and other major crops and promote the development of heavy ion beam radiation mutation breeding technology.