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Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a condition caused by inhibition of the osteoclast activity by the anti-resorptive and anti-angiogenic drugs. Clinically, there is an exposure of the necrotic bone or a fistula which fails to heal for more than 8 weeks. The adjacent soft tissue is inflamed and pus may be present as a result of the secondary infection. To date, there is no consistent biomarker that could aid in the diagnosis of the disease. The aim of this review was to explore the literature on the microRNAs (miRNAs) related to medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw, and to describe the role of each miRNA as a biomarker for diagnostic purpose and others. Its role in therapeutics was also searched. It was shown that miR-21, miR-23a, and miR-145 were significantly different in a study involving multiple myeloma patients as well as in a human-animal study whilemiR-23a-3p and miR-23b-3p were 12- to 14-fold upregulated compared to the control group in an animal study. The role of the microRNAs in these studies were for diagnostics, predictor of progress of MRONJ and pathogenesis. Apart from its potential diagnostics role, microRNAs have been shown to be bone resorption regulator through miR-21, miR-23a and miR-145 and this could be utilized therapeutically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign pathological condition of bone in which normal cancellous bone is replaced by immature woven bone and fibrous tissue. Surgical recontouring aims to remove the excess fibrous bone and achieve acceptable symmetry. Conventional surgery which depends on visual exposure and the surgeon's assessment during the procedure poses a great challenge in obtaining a predictable surgical outcome especially in bilateral presentation. Recent advances in surgical technology may overcome this challenge. Herein, we present a case of 23 years old Chinese lady who underwent bilateral inferior mandibulectomy for monostotic fibrous dysplasia. The aims of this surgery were to recontour the mandible symmetrically via extraoral approach while preserving the inferior alveolar nerves and mental nerves with the aid of a surgical guide. A stereolithography model of the patient's mandible was produced using the computed tomography (CT) scan data in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format to assist in the surgery. Simulation with SurgiCase software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) was utilised in creating the customised surgical guide. The autoclavable surgical guide was manufactured by rapid prototyping technology and used intraoperatively to define the osteotomy line for mandibular recontouring. Virtual surgical planning greatly assists surgeons to deliver a good surgical result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a well-recognized, debilitating complication of radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancer. There is no universally accepted treatment for ORN of the jawbones. We report on a case of refractory mandibular ORN treated by sequestrectomy of mandible and autogenous transplantation of fat graft combined with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). Improved perfusion was observed using the laser Doppler flowmetry. This case highlights the use of autogenous free fat graft and PRF as an adjunct therapy to sequestrectomy in the management of ORN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Platelet plays an important role during wound healing as it is rich in growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor. It was observed that Cord Blood-Platelet Lysate (CB-PL), harvested from human umbilical cord blood, has similar efficacy to Peripheral Blood-Platelet Lysate (PB-PL) in initiating the cell growth and differentiation which makes it a unique alternative to implementing in oral ulceration healing. This research study compares the effectiveness of cord blood platelet lysate gel (CB-PLG) and peripheral blood-platelet lysate gel (PB-PLG) in promoting the healing of oral ulcers. Methods: Normal oral mucosal fibroblasts were taken during minor oral surgery procedures and underwent a cell culture process. Cord blood was collected through the in utero method, while the peripheral blood was collected from the healthy donors. The blood underwent double centrifugation to obtain the platelet-rich plasma and was analysed for platelet count. The platelet was subjected to three freeze and thaw cycles to produce PL. In order to determine the optimal concentration of CB-PLG and PB-PLG, Alamar Blue Assay was used to examine the cell proliferation of human oral mucosal fibroblasts. Subsequently, a real-time polymerase chain reaction determined the vimentin gene expression in the fibroblasts of CB-PLG and PB-PLG groups. Conclusion: It is postulated that CB-PL is as effective as PB-PL and can be used as an alternative to promote the healing of oral ulcers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]