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The emergence of online learning has become important during the COVID -19 pandemic due to the advent of internet technology. The unpreparedness of planning and implementing online learning has caused many problems during the pandemic such as limited or monotonous academic materials as well as difficulty in organizing activities and student involvement. Online learning is also more stressful because students are stuck in private academic processes in the absence of challenging and fun activities leading to knowledge development difficulties. Therefore, this study aims to develop and analyze the feasibility of a gamification model for case and project-based online learning in universities. This analysis used the research and development (R&D) method with the experimental procedure containing model development as well as product validation and testing. In the validation process, two learning design and media experts as well as 76 students participated with a descriptive statistical analysis used to analyze the data. The results of the learning design experts' assessment showed a score of 4.35, learning media experts' assessment showed a score of 4.90 and the average score of the students' assessment was 4.33. Based on the results, the developed learning model was feasible to use in university academic processes.

This study aims to develop an online-based collaborative project learning model design that can improve students' abilities in developing teaching materials. The method used is research and development. Data collection instruments are questionnaires and rubrics. Data analysis used descriptive statistics. The validation test used the individual content validity index and the overall content validity index. The Collaborative Project Online Learning (CPOL) model developed consists of six stages in learning: (1) orientation, (2) understanding project concepts and tasks, (3) designing and determining project themes, (4) working on project assignments, (5) presenting project assignments, and (6) evaluating project assignments. The results show that the content validity index shows a good category. Students are also good at developing teaching materials. Thus, the design of the CPOL model can be used in the course of developing teaching materials in higher education.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using smartphones for online learning on teachers' and students' interactions in learning that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Respondents were 303 elementary school students, randomly selected by filling out questions through a Google form application. 20 items were provided, 10 items for the OLWS variable and 10 items for the TSI variable, which were adopted from several literature articles and adapted to the problem of this research. The data normality test was previously carried out and continued with testing the level of validity and reliability of the instrument, followed by evaluation of the structural model related to hypothesis testing using SPSS and SmartPL. The result determined by the PLS-SEM algorithm is 0.507, which is greater than the recommended value, indicating that the model has a reasonable level of justification for the variance in user behavior objectives. The only hypothesis (H1) is supported by the t-value of 15.399 (> 1.96) and a P-value of 0.000 (0.05), which indicates that OLWS has a positive and significant effect on TSI. Since the teacher's role in conveying knowledge to pupils demands specific, complex, and modern equipment that is widely available, easy to use, and follows technological changes, teachers and students can communicate appropriately, effectively, efficiently, and encourage quality results.

Medical grade titanium alloy is extensively employed in the field of bone and dental implants. However, it is important to note that this material does not possess inherent antibacterial qualities that can effectively mitigate the risk of infection to subsequent surgical procedures. This study focuses on the fabrication of TiO₂ nanotubes on the surface of Ti6Al4V in order to augment the material's bioactive characteristics. The synthesis of TiO₂ nanotubes was accomplished using the anodisation method, where the current and anodisation duration were manipulated as variables. The results obtained from the analysis of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) information provide compelling evidence that fluctuations in the current exert substantial influence on the nanotube production process. The deceleration of the oxidation process due to low current is disadvantageous in the context of nanotube production. The acceleration of TiO₂ nanotube production is significantly enhanced by an increase in the voltage. Nevertheless, an excessive anodisation duration may result in solution saturation, hence producing abnormal development and the subsequent collapse of the TiO₂ structures.

Achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness, and students' attitudes related to problem-solving abilities are less sensitive due to the limited effect of civic education in higher education. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between the above-mentioned variables in students. The correlational method is used to determine the relationship between variables with data obtained from 148 students from three universities in Indonesia. The instruments used were questionnaires and test descriptions. The data obtained were analysed using the multiple regression analysis. The results showed that problem-solving abilities had a positive relationship with the following aspects: achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness, students' attitudes towards learning, and simultaneously, achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness and attitudes. This research confirms that civic education lecturers need to pay attention to achievement motivation, metacognitive awareness and attitudes of students related to learning strategies in improving the ability to solve problems. It is recommended that lecturers examine other variables that might affect the problem-solving ability, including collaborative learning models, and other models that demand student participation.

The aim of this study is to find out the influence of online project collaborative learning and achievement motivation on problem-solving ability in the area of citizenship. This study uses a quasi-experimental design. The total of study subjects is 71 students of higher education; consist of 36 students as the experimental group and 35 students as the control group. Data of problem-solving ability is obtained by using an essay test, while data of achievement motivation is obtained by using a questionnaire. Data analysis is done with ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The study results show that online based-project collaborative learning strategy has a positive influence on civic problem-solving ability. There is a difference in civic problem-solving ability between students with high achievement motivation and students with low achievement motivation. Online project collaborative learning strategy and achievement motivation interact in influencing the civic problem-solving ability of students. It is recommended that further study corroborate this finding by testing again the effectiveness of using online-based project collaborative strategy in the aspect of problem-solving in a similar field of study.

Formal Islamic Education received tremendous boost with rapid increase in the number of Schools and Teachers in the recent past in Northern Nigeria generally and Nasarawa State specifically. Predictably, Pupils enrolment also incredibly expanded. This burst of Islamic educational activities brought in its marked changes, some positive, while others negative. Thus, the rapid increase in enrolment figures and the clamour for better and quality Islamic education by educationally conscious parents began to impose pressure on available resources. Loud grumblings started to manifest from members of the public about deterioration in the quality of Islamic education offered pupils in many Islamiyyah Schools. It is in view of the above that this paper attempts to explain the use of local teaching aids for cost control in learning Islamic Studies in Nasarawa State.

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى تشخيص ذكاء الاعمال بالأبعاد المعبرة عنه والمتمثلة بـ (مصادر البيانات، تكامل البيانات، مستودع البيانات، تحليل البيانات، عرض المعلومات) في شركة آسياسيل للاتصالات في العراق، واعتمدت الاستبانة أداةً رئيسة لجمع البيانات، وتم الاعتماد على البرنامج الاحصائي (SPSS) لغرض تحليل البيانات المجمعة من عينة مكونة من (150) مبحوثاً من القيادات الادارية في الميدان المبحوث، عبر أساليب احصائية وصفية وتحليلية تم التوصل إلى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات التي تؤكد على توافر تلك الابعاد وبمستويات عالية في المنظمة المبحوثة وقدم البحث مقترحات عدة التي تؤكد على ضرورة تعزيز امتلاك تلك الأبعاد من قبل المنظمة المبحوثة من أجل تحقيق أهداف المنظمة.