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Abstract The perplexing issues related to positive surgical margins and the considerable negative consequences associated with systemic chemotherapy have posed ongoing challenges for clinicians, especially when it comes to addressing bladder cancer treatment. The current investigation describes the production of nanocomposites loaded with gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) through the utilization of electrospinning technology. In vitro and in vivo studies have provided evidence of the strong effectiveness in suppressing tumor advancement while simultaneously reducing the accumulation of chemotherapy drugs within liver and kidney tissues. Mechanically, the GEM and CDDP-loaded electrospun nanocomposites could effectively eliminate myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumor tissues, and recruit CD8+ T cells and NKp46+ NK cells to kill tumor cells, which can also effectively inhibit tumor microvascular formation. Our investigation into the impact of localized administration of chemotherapy through GEM and CDDP-loaded electrospun nanocomposites on the tumor microenvironment will offer novel insights for tackling tumors. Graphical abstract Drug-loaded electrospun nanofibrous mats suppress bladder tumor growth by improving the tumor immune microenvironment.

Zinc (Zn)-based alloys are considered the next-generation biodegradable material for promising bone-implant devices due to their good degradability, formability, and functionality. Nevertheless, the as-cast Zn alloys showed a low strength-toughness, making it challenging to meet the mechanical properties requirements for high-load-bearing bone implants due to their hexagonal close-packed structure, coarse grain size, and less sliding system. Herein, we have developed biodegradable Zn–5Ce alloys by cerium (Ce) alloying followed by hot-rolling, hot-extrusion, and high-pressure torsion (HPT), respectively, for potential bone-implant application. Mechanical testing revealed that the HPT sample exhibited the best mechanical performance matching among the Zn–5Ce samples with a high ultimate tensile strength of ∼345 MPa, yield strength of ∼230 MPa, a moderate elongation of ∼11.4%, and macro-hardness of ∼96.6 HB. Electrochemical corrosion and static immersion testing revealed that the HPT sample showed the highest electrochemical corrosion rate of ∼416 μm/y and degradation rate of ∼43.8 μm/y in Hanks' solution among the Zn–5Ce samples, which is suitable for degradation rate requirements for bone-implant application. Bio-tribological testing revealed that the HPT sample showed high bio-tribological properties matching in Hanks’ solution with the lowest friction coefficients of ∼0.530 and moderate wear loss of ∼2.2 mg. Cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation assessment revealed that the diluted extract of the HPT sample showed the highest cytocompatibility towards 3T3 and MG-63 cells and osteogenic differentiation performance towards 3T3 cells among the most diluted extracts. Accordingly, the HPT Zn–5Ce sample is expected to be used for high-load-bearing degradable bone-implant devices, including bone fixation and guided bone regeneration systems.

Abstract Background The object was to compare changes in patients undergoing lung surgery before and after COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore the impact of COVID-19 on lung surgery and its coping strategies. Method A retrospective review of patients undergoing thoracic surgery at a single institution was conducted. Group A included patients treated between January 23, 2019, and January 23, 2020, while Group B included patients treated between June 1, 2020, and June 1, 2021, at our center. We compared the reasons of seeking medical treatment, the general characteristics of patients, imaging features, pathological features, surgical methods and postoperative recovery. Result Compared to Group A, the number of patients with pulmonary nodules screened by routine check-up increased in Group B (57.6% vs 46.9%, p

Abstract Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) shows excellent effects on relieving clinical symptoms in migraine patients. Nevertheless, the neurological mechanisms of taVNS for migraineurs remain unclear. In recent years, voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) and functional connectivity (FC) methods were extensively utilized for exploring alterations in patterns of FC in the resting-state brain. In the present study, thirty-five migraine patients without aura and thirty-eight healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for magnetic resonance imaging scans. Firstly, this study used voxel-wise DC analysis to explore brain regions where abnormalities were present in migraine patients. Secondly, for elucidating neurological mechanisms underlying taVNS in migraine, seed-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis was employed to the taVNS treatment group. Finally, correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between alterations in neurological mechanisms and clinical symptoms. Our findings indicated that migraineurs have lower DC values in the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and paracentral lobule than in healthy controls (HCs). In addition, migraineurs have higher DC values in the cerebellar lobule VIII and the fusiform gyrus than HCs. Moreover, after taVNS treatment (post-taVNS), patients displayed increased FC between the ITG with the inferior parietal lobule (IPL), orbitofrontal gyrus, angular gyrus, and posterior cingulate gyrus than before taVNS treatment (pre-taVNS). Besides, the post-taVNS patients showed decreased FC between the cerebellar lobule VIII with the supplementary motor area and postcentral gyrus compared with the pre-taVNS patients. The changed FC of ITG-IPL was significantly related to changes in headache intensity. Our study suggested that migraine patients without aura have altered brain connectivity patterns in several hub regions involving multisensory integration, pain perception, and cognitive function. More importantly, taVNS modulated the default mode network and the vestibular cortical network related to the dysfunctions in migraineurs. This paper provides a new perspective on the potential neurological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of taVNS for treating migraine.

Objectives Unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (UPKP) has been effective in reducing the operative time, cement volume, and cement leakage (CL) rate compared with bilateral kyphoplasty. However, no device can help to determine the trajectory during operation, especially the inner inclination angle. To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel guide device (GD) for UPKP in the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fractures (TLOVFs). Methods From January 2019 to May 2021, 31 patients diagnosed with single TLOVF who underwent UPKP were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: traditional UPKP (UPKP group, 15 patients) and UPKP assisted with GD (UPKP‐GD group, 16 patients). Pre‐procedure demographic, clinical and radiologic characteristics, operative procedure details, and clinical and radiologic outcomes at 1 day and 12 months post‐procedure were collected. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 24.0. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were compared by the independent sample t test or the χ2 test. The anterior height or local kyphotic angle (LKA) of the fractured vertebrae, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) within groups were compared using the paired t test. Results A total of 31 patients (five men and 26 women; age range: 58–90 years) completed the full 12‐month postoperative follow‐up schedule. No significant differences were observed between treatment groups with respect to sex, age, body mass index, preoperative bone mineral density, or surgical level. Compared with the UPKP group, the operation time in the UPKP‐GD group was significantly shorter (40.8 ± 5.5 min vs. 48.5 ± 8.5 min, p = 0.005), and the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy times in the UPKP‐GD group was significantly decreased (20.6 ± 4.5 vs. 25.2 ± 2.4, p = 0.001). Five (31.3%) patients in the UPKP‐GD group and four (26.7%) patients in the UPKP group had bone CL. The VAS and ODI scores, anterior height and LKA of the fractured vertebrae were significantly improved after surgery in each group. No significant differences in postoperative VAS and ODI scores, anterior height or LKA of the fractured vertebrae, volume of injected cement or CL were observed between the two groups. Conclusion Unilateral puncture using a novel GD is a safe and effective technique for patients with TLFs and UPKP assisted with a novel GD is associated with fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times and shorter operation time.

Nowadays, the sustainable development of the construction industry has become a focus of attention. Crushing and grinding waste seashells originating from the fishery industry, such as oyster shells, cockle shells, mussel shells, and scallop shells, into different particle sizes for usage as aggregate and cement in concrete or mortar provides an effective and sustainable solution to environmental problems by reducing natural resource dependence. Numerous studies have attempted to analyze the suitability of waste seashell as a possible alternative to natural aggregates and cement in concrete or mortar. This paper presents an up-to-date review of the characteristics of different types of waste seashell, as well as the physical, mechanical, durability, and other notable functional properties of seashell concrete or mortar. From the outcome of the research, waste seashell could be an inert material, and it is important to conduct a series of proper treatment for a better-quality material. It is also seen from the results that although the mechanical properties of seashell concrete have been reduced, they all meet the required criteria set by various international standards and codes. Therefore, it is recommended that the replacement of seashells as aggregate and cement should not exceed 20% and 5%, respectively. Seashell concrete or mortar would then have sufficient workability and strength for non-structural purposes. However, there is still a lack of investigation concerning the different properties of reinforced concrete members using seashells as the replacement of aggregate or cement. Further innovative research can solidify its utilization towards sustainable development.

Accurate fault diagnosis is essential for the safe operation of rotating machinery. Recently, traditional deep learning-based fault diagnosis have achieved promising results. However, most of these methods focus only on supervised learning and tend to use small convolution kernels non-effectively to extract features that are not controllable and have poor interpretability. To this end, this study proposes an innovative semi-supervised learning method for bearing fault diagnosis. Firstly, multi-scale dilated convolution squeeze-and-excitation residual blocks are designed to exact local and global features. Secondly, a classifier generative adversarial network is employed to achieve multi-task learning. Both unsupervised and supervised learning are performed simultaneously to improve the generalization ability. Finally, supervised learning is applied to fine-tune the final model, which can extract multi-scale features and be further improved by implicit data augmentation. Experiments on two datasets were carried out, and the results verified the superiority of the proposed method.

To address the problem that complex bearing faults are coupled to each other, and the difficulty of diagnosis increases, an improved envelope spectrum–maximum second-order cyclostationary blind deconvolution (IES-CYCBD) method is proposed to realize the separation of vibration signal fault features. The improved envelope spectrum (IES) is obtained by integrating the part of the frequency axis containing resonance bands in the cyclic spectral coherence function. The resonant bands corresponding to different fault types are accurately located, and the IES with more prominent target characteristic frequency components are separated. Then, a simulation is carried out to prove the ability of this method, which can accurately separate and diagnose fault types under high noise and compound fault conditions. Finally, a compound bearing fault experiment with inner and outer ring faults is designed, and the inner and outer ring fault characteristics are successfully separated by the proposed IES-CYCBD method. Therefore, simulation and experiments demonstrate the strong capability of the proposed method for complex fault separation and diagnosis.

Ambient vibration energy is widely being harnessed as a source of electrical energy to drive low-power devices. The vibration energy harvester (VEH) of interest employs an electromagnetic transduction mechanism, whereby ambient mechanical vibration is converted to electrical energy. The limitations affecting the performance of VEHs, with an electromagnetic transduction structure, include its operational bandwidth as well as the enclosure-size constraint. In this study, an analysis and design of a nonlinear VEH system is conducted using the Output Frequency Response Function (OFRF) representations of the actual system model. However, the OFRF representations are determined from the Generalised Associated Linear Equation (GALE) decompositions of the system of interest. The effect of both nonlinear damping and stiffness characteristics, to, respectively, extend the average power and operational bandwidth of the VEH device, is demonstrated.

BackgroundCoronary artery bypass grafting using radial artery grafts (RA-CABG) has improved long-term outcomes. However, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE-4, including all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization) after RA-CABG still occur and the predictors remain uncertain. This study aimed to detect independent risk factors of MACE-4 after RA-CABG.MethodsThis is a retrospective case-control study (NCT04935086) conducted among patients who underwent primary isolated RA-CABG between 2009 and 2019 in our center. Baseline characteristics, procedure characteristics, and medication use were compared to identify the independent predictors of MACE-4, all-cause death, and myocardial infarction (MI) with univariate and then multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 370 patients were analyzed using a mean follow-up duration of 48.8 ± 41.0 months. MACE-4, all-cause death, and MI occurred in 102 (27.6%), 27 (7.3%), and 66 patients (17.8%), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed prior MI (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.05–4.25, P = 0.04) and RA to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (non-left internal mammary artery to LAD) (OR = 4.87, 95%CI 1.41–16.82, P = 0.01) as independent predictors of MACE-4 after surgery. Female (OR = 4.53, 95%CI 1.06–19.41, P = 0.04), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)

Objective Femoral fractures are a common cause of mortality and functional loss, mainly among older people, and there are few studies about the age in relation to traumatic femoral fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on the patterns of traumatic femoral fractures in patients presenting to our regional tertiary hospital. Methods The records of 2020 patients who presented with traumatic femoral fractures between 2013 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' clinical and radiographic records were reviewed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent risk factors for associated injuries and complications. Results The patients were divided into a child group (CH group, n = 342) aged under 18 years, a young adult group (YA group, n = 484) aged 18–60 years, and an older people group (OP group, n = 1194) aged 60 years and over. There were significant differences among the three groups in several indexes, such as sex ratio (χ2 = 301.699, p

Abstract Background Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended in secondary prevention after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but it is inevitably associated with the risk of bleeding, of which gastrointestinal bleeding accounts for more than half. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase the risk of major cardiovascular adverse events when reducing the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, the optimal duration of a PPI in combination with DAPT is unclear. Methods The “Proton Pump Inhibitor Preventing Upper Gastrointestinal Injury in Patients on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy after CABG” (DACAB-GI-2) study is a prospective, single-center, open-label, parallel, randomized controlled trial. A total of 232 eligible subjects who are scheduled or initiated on DAPT (clopidogrel plus aspirin or ticagrelor plus aspirin) for 12 months immediately after CABG will be enrolled and be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either a 12-month pantoprazole treatment arm or a 1-month treatment arm. The primary outcome is to assess the rate of gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers evaluated by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) within 12 months after randomization, based on the modified Lanza score. Secondary outcomes include reflux esophagitis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Other pre-specified outcomes include major adverse cardiovascular events, graft failure, and all-cause death. Discussion This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of 12 months and 1 month of pantoprazole treatment in preventing DAPT-related upper gastrointestinal mucosal injury after CABG. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03908593 .

Abstract Background With the growing number of patients with coexisting pulmonary and mediastinal lesions detected, reports about simultaneous video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for these concurrent diseases are still rare. To further explore the safety and effectiveness of simultaneous resection of pulmonary and mediastinal lesions by uniportal or biportal VATS, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of the largest series of cases to date. Methods From July 2018 to July 2021, all patients whose pulmonary lesions and mediastinal tumors were resected simultaneously in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Their demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 54 patients were enrolled, of whom 44 underwent unilateral uniportal VATS, 3 underwent bilateral uniportal VATS and 7 underwent unilateral biportal VATS. Seven cases were converted to thoracotomy during surgery. For the remaining 47 patients with various demographic and clinical characteristics, most of the operations were completed within 3 h (n = 33, 70.2%) with blood loss of no more than 100 mL (n = 43, 91.5%). The duration of chest tube drainage was 5.66 ± 3.34 days, and the average daily volume was 196.90 ± 122.31 mL. Four cases of postoperative complications occurred during hospitalization. The length of postoperative hospital stay was 8.60 ± 3.63 days. No severe complications or deaths were observed during follow-up. Conclusions Uniportal and biportal VATS are safe and effective for simultaneous resection of selected coexisting pulmonary and mediastinal lesions, but the indications and operational details need more evaluation.

PurposeThe objective was to evaluate the influence of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of a 5-year follow-up of the DACAB trial (NCT02201771), in which 500 patients who underwent primary isolated CABG were randomized to three-antiplatelet therapy for 1 year after surgery. Of them, 459 patients were recruited in this secondary analysis. Baseline LDL-C and Lp(a) levels were collected, and repeated measurement of LDL-C levels during the follow-up were recorded. Cut-off values for LDL-C were set at 1.8 and 2.6 mmol/L; thus, the patients were stratified into LDL-C

BackgroundDual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB). Clopidogrel is less effective among patients with loss-of-function (LoF) of CYP2C19 alleles, while ticagrelor has direct effects on P2Y12 receptor. Whether a CYP2C19 genotype plus platelet aggregation test (PAgT)-guided DAPT after CABG could improve clinical outcomes remain uncertain.Materials and methodsFrom August 2019 to December 2020, 1,134 consecutive patients who underwent OPCAB received DAPT for 1 year after surgery in Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. According to the actual treatment they received in real-world, 382 (33.7%) of them received a traditional DAPT: aspirin 100 mg qd + clopidogrel 75 mg qd, no matter the CYP2C19 genotype and response in platelet aggregation test (PAgT). The other 752 (66.3%) patients received an individual DAPT based on CYP2C19 genotype and PAgT: aspirin 100 mg qd + clopidogrel 75 mg qd if CYP2C19 was extensive metabolizer, or moderate metabolizer but normal response in PAgT; aspirin 100 mg qd + ticagrelor 90 mg bid if CYP2C19 was poor metabolizer, or moderate metabolizer but no or low response in PAgT. One-year follow-up was achieved for all patients. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The safety outcome was thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) criteria major bleeding.ResultsCompared with the traditional DAPT group, the risk of MACE in the individual DAPT group was significantly lower (5.5 vs. 9.2%, HR 0.583; 95% CI, 0.371–0.915; P = 0.019), mainly due to the decreased risk of MI (1.7 vs. 4.2%, HR 0.407; 95% CI, 0.196–0.846; P = 0.016). The risk of TIMI major bleeding events was similar between the two groups (5.3 vs. 6.0%, RR 0.883; 95% CI, 0.537–1.453; P = 0.626).ConclusionFor patients who underwent OPCAB, individual DAPT (CYP2C19 genotype plus PAgT-guided strategy) was associated with a lower risk of MACE and a similar risk of major bleeding.

Bladder tissue engineering is a promising approach to generating new tissues to replace damaged or diseased organs, breaking the limitations of current therapies using reconfigured autogenous bowel segments. Adipose tissue extract (ATE) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network that provides an appropriate local microenvironment for cells and affects cellular metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, or organoid formation. This study integrated electrospun nanofibers mats and hyaluronic acid colloidal solution to constitute a multilayered nanofibrous patch, where ATE was added as a biological additive. In vitro study, we observed an increase in the pluripotent marker proteins (Oct-4, Sox-2, and Nanog) of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) when cultured with ATE. The CCK-8 test, scratch assay, transwell migration assay, and tube formation assay demonstrated the positive effect of ATE on endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. The feasibility and effectiveness of the patch were investigated in a rat bladder defect model. The primary ideal results revealed the patches' great potential for tissue engineering repair and regenerative medicine.

In the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks, the traffic is estimated to have a fast-changing and imbalance spatial-temporal distribution. It is challenging for a system-level optimisation to deal with while empirically maintaining quality of service. The 5G load balancing aims to address this problem by transferring the extra traffic from a high-load cell to its neighbouring idle cells. In recent literature, controller and machine learning algorithms are applied to assist the self-optimising and proactive schemes in drawing load balancing decisions. However, these algorithms lack the ability of forecasting upcoming high traffic demands, especially during popular events. This shortage leads to cold-start problems because of reacting to the changes in the heterogeneous dense deployment. Notably, the hotspots corresponding with skew load distribution will result in low convergence speed. To address these problems, this paper contributes to three aspects. Firstly, urban event detection is proposed to forecast the changes in cellular hotspots based on Twitter data for enabling context-awareness. Secondly, a proactive 5G load balancing strategy is simulated considering the prediction of the skewed-distributed hotspots in urban areas. Finally, we optimise this context-aware proactive load balancing strategy by forecasting the best activation time. This paper represents one of the first works to couple the real-world urban event detection with proactive load balancing.

PurposeSecond primary malignancy (SPM) is challenging for treatment and long-term survival. We sought to investigate the standardized incidence rate (SIR), risk factors, and survival outcomes for SPM after renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment.MethodA nested case-control study was designed, we identified all T1-4N0-1M0 RCC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and followed them for SPM diagnosis for up to 13 years. Patients with SPM diagnosis ≥6 months after treatment of primary T1-4N0-1M0 RCC were identified as the case cohort and SPM-free patients were the control cohort. SIRs and the excess risk were calculated. A competing risks and Cox model were used to evaluate the risk factors of SPM and overall survival (OS).ResultsA cohort of 6,204 RCC patients with SPM were matched with a control group of 31,020 RCC patients without SPM. The median time-to-SPM interval was 54.5 months in RCC patients with SPM diagnosis. Besides, an SPM of T3/4 or/and M1 stage diagnosis was positively associated with a longer time-to-SPM interval. SIR of SPM increased by follow-up time and decreased with age at diagnosis (Pfor all

Usually, the synchronization studies of two or multiple exciters are focused on the single rigid frame (RF), but that mounted on different RFs is still a problem in engineering practice. This study attempts to solve this issue by considering a dynamical model with double RFs including two pairs of exciters, in which each pair of exciters is distributed on different RFs. The synchronous and stable states of the system in different resonant regions are discussed in detail in present work. First, the mathematical modeling of the system is carried out, and the relative motion differential equations of two RFs and their responses are achieved by using the transfer function method. Then, the theoretical conditions of implementing synchronization and stability of the system are derived. The coupling dynamic characteristics of the system, including frequency-amplitude relationships, coupling torques, stable phase differences, synchronization and stability abilities, and the phenomenon of the diversity of nonlinear system, are numerically investigated. Finally, simulations are performed by using the Runge-Kutta method to validate the theoretical and numerical characteristic analysis results. In the sub-resonant region with respect to the natural frequency with regard to the relative motion between two RFs, the stronger and more stable positive superposition of vibration amplitude between two RFs can be realized, which is the desire in engineering.

Compared with traditional underwater vehicles, bio-inspired fish robots have the advantages of high efficiency, high maneuverability, low noise, and minor fluid disturbance. Therefore, they have gained an increasing research interest, which has led to a great deal of remarkable progress theoretically and practically in recent years. In this review, we first highlight our enhanced scientific understanding of bio-inspired propulsion and sensing underwater and then present the research progress and performance characteristics of different bio-inspired robot fish, classified by the propulsion method. Like the natural fish species they imitate, different types of bionic fish have different morphological structures and distinctive hydrodynamic properties. In addition, we select two pioneering directions about soft robotic control and multi-phase robotics. The hybrid dynamic control of soft robotic systems combines the accuracy of model-based control and the efficiency of model-free control, and is considered the proper way to optimize the classical control model with the intersection of multiple machine learning algorithms. Multi-phase robots provide a broader scope of application compared to ordinary bionic robot fish, with the ability of operating in air or on land outside the fluid. By introducing recent progress in related fields, we summarize the advantages and challenges of soft robotic control and multi-phase robotics, guiding the further development of bionic aquatic robots.

ObjectiveMore T1N0M0 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is detected and the prognosis has improved, but, the current focus on non-RCC-related mortality is superficial. We investigated cause-specific mortality and its temporal patterns after an RCC diagnosis.MethodsIn the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-18 database, patients with T1N0M0 RCC treated with partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) during 2000–15 were identified. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for cause of death were calculated. Risk predictors for each cause-specific mortality were investigated using the Fine and Gray sub-distribution model.ResultsIn all, 68,612 eligible patients were pooled. A total of 14,047 (20.5%) patients had died (cardiovascular disease [CVD], 28.3%; other non-cancer-related diseases, 20.3%; RCC, 18.7%; other cancer types, 16.3%; non-disease events, 16.1%) during follow-up. Heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular disease were the primary causes of non-RCC-related mortality within 1 year after the diagnosis. The greatest proportion of death (39.0%) occurred within 1–5 years after the diagnosis, mostly due to RCC itself, followed by heart disease. However, >5 years after the diagnosis, heart disease became the leading cause of death. Compared with the general US population, a 21% (SMR, 1.21; 95%CI 1.19–1.23) increased risk of all-mortality was observed; RCC patients had a higher risk of heart disease-related death within 5–10 years (SMR, 1.10; 95%CI 1.04–1.17) and >10 years (1.12; 1.02–1.22) after the diagnosis. Older age and RN increased the death risk of CVD and RCC-specific mortality. Although a larger tumor diameter increased the risk of RCC-specific death, this was not a significant predictor for CVD. Moreover, for T1N0M0 RCC tumors of diameter >4 cm, there was no significant difference in CVD incidence for RN vs. PN.ConclusionsRCC-specific mortality is a common challenge for the prognosis. Importantly, a large proportion and higher SMRs of other non-RCC-related diseases (especially CVD) should not be disregarded for the better holistic management of survivors of local RCC. Targeted prevention strategies for non-RCC-related death could lead to significant reductions in mortality for RCC survivors.

Background: The kidney is a target organ that could be infected by SARS-CoV-2, and acute kidney injury (AKI) was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 patients' in-hospital death. However, no published works discussed about the risk factors of COVID-19 related AKI.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, recruiting COVID-19 inpatients from the Sino-French branch of Tongji Hospital. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data were collected and compared. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to identify the risk factors of COVID-19-related AKI.Results: Of the 116 patients in our study, 12 (10.3%) were recognized as AKI, including 5 (4.3%) in-hospital AKI. Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of COVID-19-related AKI associated with COVID-19 clinical classification (OR = 8.155, 95% CI = 1.848–35.983, ref = non-critical, p = 0.06), procalcitonin more than 0.1 ng/mL (OR = 4.822, 95% CI = 1.095–21.228, p = 0.037), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

Objectives: Currently, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presenting with perisinus fat invasion (PSI) and/or perinephric fat invasion (PFI) is merged as one entity, pathological T3a (pT3a); however, the combination of PFI and PSI (PFI+PSI) may not be associated with equivalent prognosis compared with either PFI or PSI alone (PFI/PSI). Here, we analyzed the prognostic significance of PFI+PSI vs. PFI/PSI in pT3aN0–1M0–1 RCC.Method: We identified 5,290 patients with pT3aN0–1M0–1 RCC, treated by nephrectomy, from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, between 2010 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression and Fine and Gray competing risks regression were fitted to assess risks of survival outcomes, respectively. 1:1 propensity score method was used to minimize differences in the covariates' distributions.Results: Among all patients, 746 patients (14.1%), 2,569 patients (48.5%) and 1,975 patients (37.3%) experienced PFI+SI, PFI, and PSI, respectively, and 3,952 patients (74.7%) without diseases of lymphnode (N1) and/or distant metastasis (M1). PFI alone compared with PSI alone showed a comparable overall survival (OS) and cancer-special survival (CSS), either PFI or PSI alone experienced a better OS and CSS than PFI+PSI. In patients with pT3aN0M0 RCC, PFI+PSI compared with the PFI/PSI was significantly associated with worse OS with hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.38 [1.12–1.69], p = 0.002 and 1.41 [1.06–1.87], p = 0.017 for unmatched data and matched data, respectively, and higher RCC-special mortality (HR [95%CI]: 1.55 [1.21–1.99], p = 0.001 and 1.70 [1.19–2.43], p = 0.004 for unmatched data and matched data, respectively). However, in pT3aN1/M1 RCC patients, PFI+PSI was not significantly associated with RCC-special mortality (HR [95%CI]: 1.02 [0.85–1.23], p = 0.800 and 0.99 [0.79–1.24], p = 0.920 for unmatched data and matched data, respectively) in comparison with PFI/PSI. In addition, invasion type was not an independent risk factor for patient's prognostication in the pT3a RCC with diseases of N1 and/or M1 (all p > 0.5).Conclusion: Multiple invasion patterns (PFI+PSI) are associated with inferior survival relative to PFI/PSI alone in patients with pT3aN0M0 RCC; however, these effects are masked in patients with metastatic disease. These results warrant consideration in the development of the next edition of the tumor-node-metastasis staging system, to improve risk stratification.

The hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of as-extruded Mg-0.55 wt.%Si-0.75 wt.%Sr alloys at 250 °C with the compressive strain rate of 1 s ^−1 , 0.1 s ^−1 , 0.01 s ^−1 and 0.001 s ^−1 were investigated via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). As the compressive strain rate decreases, the corresponding microstructure exhibits that fined grains in the matrix. The results showed that the hot deformation effectively promotes the grain breakage and dynamic recrystallization, which result in the grain orientation deflection and the texture intensity weakened. The prismatic 〈a〉 slip and pyramidal 〈c + a〉 slip were activated at the initial stage of hot deformation. In addition, the yield strength was significantly increased to 90 MPa due to the work hardening behavior during hot deformation with a compression strain rate of 1 s ^−1 .

In this study, Mg–Al–4Y alloys were successfully prepared via the melting and casting method. The alloys were then extruded at 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C. The influence of the extrusion temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the alloys was investigated. The results indicated that the Al _2 Y phase was coarse and agglomerated in the Mg matrix. A strong {0001} basal fiber texture was formed in the alloys extruded at 450 °C; meanwhile, the alloy grains were refined, and the Al _2 Y phase was distributed uniformly in the matrix; these combined occurrences dramatically enhanced the strength and hardness of the alloys. As the extrusion temperature was increased from 450 °C to 550 °C, the yield strength, tensile strength, and hardness of the alloys gradually decreased, but the elasticity significantly increased. The yield strength reduced from 209.6 MPa to 197.8 MPa, the tensile strength reduced from 311.5 MPa to 271.1 MPa, and the hardness reduced from 77.5 HB to 62.2 HB, while the ductility increased from 2.9% to 15.0%. Based on the experimental results, the high strength and hardness of the alloys were mainly due to fine grain strengthening, second phase strengthening, and {0001} basal fiber texture strengthening.

For possible applications of colloidal nanocrystals in optoelectronics and nanophotonics, it is of high interest to study their response at low excitation intensity with high repetition rates, as switching energies in the pJ/bit to sub-pJ/bit range are targeted. We develop a sensitive pump-probe method to study the carrier dynamics in colloidal PbS/CdS quantum dots deposited on a silicon nitride waveguide after excitation by laser pulses with an average energy of few pJ/pulse. We combine an amplitude modulation of the pump pulse with phase-sensitive heterodyne detection. This approach permits to use co-linearly propagating co-polarized pulses. The method allows resolving transmission changes of the order of 10−5 and phase changes of arcseconds. We find a modulation on a sub-nanosecond time scale caused by Auger processes and biexciton decay in the quantum dots. With ground state lifetimes exceeding 1 μs, these processes become important for possible realizations of opto-electronic switching and modulation based on colloidal quantum dots emitting in the telecommunication wavelength regime.

For the applicability of dynamic similitude models of thin walled structures, such as engine blades, turbine discs, and cylindrical shells, the dynamic similitude design of typical thin walled structures is investigated. The governing equation of typical thin walled structures is firstly unified, which guides to establishing dynamic scaling laws of typical thin walled structures. Based on the governing equation, geometrically complete scaling law of the typical thin walled structure is derived. In order to determine accurate distorted scaling laws of typical thin walled structures, three principles are proposed and theoretically proved by combining the sensitivity analysis and governing equation. Taking the thin walled annular plate as an example, geometrically complete and distorted scaling laws can be obtained based on the principles of determining dynamic scaling laws. Furthermore, the previous five orders’ accurate distorted scaling laws of thin walled annular plates are presented and numerically validated. Finally, the effectiveness of the similitude design method is validated by experimental annular plates.

This study investigates a method of designing a simplified cylindrical shell model. This model accurately predicts the dynamic characteristics of a prototype cylindrical shell with sealing teeth accurately. The significance of this study is that it provides an acceptable process which guides the design of test models. Firstly, an equivalent cylindrical shell with rectangular rings is designed by combining the energy equation and numerical analysis. Then the transfer matrixes of the stiffened cylindrical shell and the cylindrical shell are employed to calculate the equivalent thickness of the simplified cylindrical shell commonly used in model tests. Further, the equivalent thicknesses are normalized by introducing an average equivalent thickness. The distorted scaling laws and size applicable intervals are investigated to reduce the errors caused by the normalization. Finally, a 42CrMo cylindrical shell with sealing teeth is used as a prototype and a number 45 steel scaled-down cylindrical shell is used as a distorted test model. The accuracy of the prediction is verified by using experimental data, and the results indicate that the distorted model can predict the characteristics of the stiffened cylindrical shell prototype with good accuracy.

The interferences of radar and communication system coexistent environment are analyzed in this paper, and an attractive detection mechanism of the radar video signal and proportional fair scheduling algorithm based on channel sensing are proposed to realize the communication by using radar radiant intermissions. And the simulation is designed based on the proposed model to test this plan. The simulated results show that the packet scheduling algorithm is an excellent candidate for the communication solution for LTE system under radar radiant intermissions.

In practice, it is usually difficult to obtain the physical model of nonlinear, rotor-bearing systems due to uncertain nonlinearities. In order to solve this issue to conduct the analysis and design of nonlinear, rotor-bearing systems, in this study, a data driven NARX (Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with exogenous inputs) model is identified. Due to the lack of the random input signal which is required in the identification of a system′s NARX model, for nonlinear, rotor-bearing systems, a new multi-harmonic input based model identification approach is introduced. Moreover, the identification results of NARX models on the nonlinear, rotor-bearing systems are validated under different conditions (such as: low speed, critical speed, and over critical speed), illustrating the applicability of the proposed approach. Finally, an experimental test is conducted to identify the NARX model of the nonlinear rotor test rig, showing that the NARX model can be used to reproduce the characteristics of the underlying system accurately, which provides a reliable model for dynamic analysis, control, and fault diagnosis of the nonlinear, rotor-bearing system.

Many studies compared the serum/plasma 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D) and 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) between people with and without nephrolithiasis, and their results were conflicting. After systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, and the Wanfang Database, we conducted a meta-analysis. Thirty-two observational studies involving 23,228 participants were included. Meta-analysis of these studies showed that of stone formers (SFs), calcium SFs had significantly higher concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D (weighted mean difference (WMD), 10.19 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.31–16.07; p = 0.0007 and WMD, 11.28 pg/mL; 95% CI, 4.07–18.50; p = 0.002, respectively) than non-stone formers, while the levels of 25(OH)D (WMD, 0.88 ng/mL; 95% CI, −1.04–2.80; p = 0.37 and WMD, −0.63 ng/mL; 95% CI, −2.72–1.47; p = 0.56, respectively) are similar. Compared with controls and normocalciuria SFs, hypercalciuria SFs had increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D (WMD, 9.41 pg/mL; 95% CI, 0.15–18.67; p = 0.05 and WMD, 2.75 pg/mL; 95% CI, −0.20–5.69; p = 0.07, respectively) and markedly higher 25(OH)D (WMD, 5.02 ng/mL; 95% CI, 0.99–9.06; p = 0.01 and WMD, 5.02 ng/mL; 95% CI, 2.14–7.90; p = 0.0006, respectively). Normocalciuria SFs had elevated 1,25(OH)2D level (WMD, 6.85 pg/mL; 95% CI, −5.00–18.71; p = 0.26) and comparable 25(OH)D (WMD, 0.94 ng/mL; 95% CI, −3.55–5.43; p = 0.68). Sensitivity analysis generated similar results. Current evidence suggests that increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D is associated with urinary stones and a higher level of circulating 25(OH)D is significantly associated with hypercalciuria urolithiasis. Further studies are still needed to reconfirm and clarify the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of stones.

In the present study, a new method of predicting the dynamic behavior of a variable thickness (VT) cantilever plate by using a thin plate scaled model is proposed. The thin plate model, defined as the model thin (MT) plate, is designed by using the newly proposed similitude design method. The method is derived based on the transfer matrix of both the stepped thickness (ST) plate that is simplified by the VT plate and the thin plate. The thickness of the MT plate is calculated by introducing the equivalent thickness corresponding to each VT plate’s vibration modals, such that a series of accurate distorted scaling laws are provided to predict each corresponding property. Moreover, an algorithm of designing the MT plate is proposed and a design process is summarized in steps. Finally, an example, where the prototype VT plate is made of 42 CrMo and the MT plate is made of NO. 45 steel, is discussed to validate the proposed design method, showing that the MT plate, which is designed by using the proposed method, can accurately predict the dynamic properties of the prototype VT plate, and showing its significance in engineering practice.