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Since the early 1980s, China's southwestern borderland area of Xishuangbanna in Yunnan Province has witnessed an astounding rejuvenation of Theravada Buddhism among the Dai-Lue and Bulang ethnic groups. This has occurred in the larger context of a general revitalisation of religion throughout China and specifically Theravada Buddhist revivalism in the upper-Mekong region. The emigration of the Dai-Lue and Bulang peoples in Xishuangbanna from the 1950s through the 1970s and their reconnection from the 1980s through the 2010s reforged a sense of trans-regional belonging across this area of China, Shan State in Myanmar, and northern Thailand. This sense of belonging re-established religious connections in the borderlands. This article argues that trans-regionalisation in the upper-Mekong region and the revival of Buddhist traditions in Xishuangbanna were the result of a synergistic interaction. Theravada Buddhism was rebuilt through the cooperation between cross-border monks and laypeople. Monks of the Yuan Buddhist tradition facilitated the rebuilding of Buddhism in Xishuangbanna amid the social milieu of religious revivalism in China. Moreover, this article explicitly analyses the indispensable role lay devotees played in rebuilding their Buddhist tradition by working within the local temple-village structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the concept of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" and its impact on Yunnan Province, a key region in China's southwest forest area. It uses data from the National Forest Resources Inventory, biomass conversion factor method, and carbon dioxide emission measurement algorithm to estimate forest carbon sequestration and increment during nine National Forest Resources Inventory periods. The paper also compares carbon emissions to carbon absorption, revealing a gap between emissions and absorption. The paper proposes a carbon neutralization path from three levels: forest carbon sequestration supply, demand, and market. It suggests that Yunnan Province should combine the "carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization" plan with the provincial circumstances, afforestation, and reforestation, reducing deforestation and forest degradation, increasing forest carbon sequestration supply, and building a database for supply information. It also accounts for carbon dioxide emissions from polluting enterprises and encourages industries to engage in forest carbon sequestration to promote Yunnan's energy structure transformation and industrial structure upgrading. The government should establish a cooperation mechanism with farmers, forestry departments, financial institutions, and carbon trading platforms to achieve carbon sequestration benefits. The study aims to advance Yunnan's efforts to reduce CDE and become emissions-free from a variety of perspectives and fields. The novelty of the study covers several factors such as forest types, carbon storage capacity, and forest management practices. Based on available information and remote sensing techniques, and examines the potential of present forest capture of carbon in the province of Yunnan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis, linked to small mammal reservoirs that harbor various zoonotic pathogens, underscoring their importance in public health and ecology. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in small mammals using PCR, then sequence and genotype positive samples, and assess infection risk factors. Small mammals were seasonally captured and a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) was conducted targeting the 16S rRNA gene on spleen samples to detect A. phagocytophilum infection from three counties in western Yunnan province, China. Positive samples were sequenced and genotyped, revealing genetic diversity and regional clustering of the pathogen. A total of 1,605 small mammals belonging to 30 species, 18 genera, 6 families, 3 orders were captured seasonally and screened in this region, yielding a 0.93% infection rate with A. phagocytophilum (15/1605). Significant variations in infection rates were observed across different species, counties, and habitats. The 16Sr RNA genes of A. phagocytophilum were categorized into two distinct clades, indicating notable genetic diversity. The identification of genetic variants in spleen samples underscores the potential public health risk and the critical importance of the One Health approach in disease surveillance. Our findings emphasize the necessity for continuous monitoring and highlight the value of nested-PCR testing on spleen samples for accurate prevalence assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxonomy plays a central role in understanding the diversity of life, translating the products of biological exploration and discovery specimens and observations into systems of names that settle a "classification home" to taxa. The ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes family Thelephoraceae has been understudied in subtropical ecosystems. Many species of Thelephoraceae are important edible and medicinal fungi, with substantial economic value. Four new species, Thelephora resupinata, T. subtropica, T. yunnanensis, and Tomentella tenuifarinacea, are proposed based on a combination of the morphological features and molecular evidence. Thelephora resupinata is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata having a tuberculate pileal surface hymenial, and the presence of the subglobose to globose basidiospores (9–12 × 7–9 µm). T. subtropica is solitary coriaceous infundibuliform gray-brown basidiomata with a presence of the subclavate basidia and subglobose to globose basidiospores (6–8 × 5–7 µm). T. yunnanensis is typical of the laterally stipitate basidiomata having a smooth, umber to coffee hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the subglobose basidiospores (7–10 × 6–8 µm). Tomentella tenuifarinacea is typical of the arachnoid basidiomata having a smooth, gray, or dark gray hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and the presence of the subglobose to globose basidiospores (7–9 × 6–8 µm). Sequences of ITS+nLSU+mtSSU genes were used for the phylogentic analyses using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The three genes' (ITS+nLSU+mtSSU) phylogenetic analysis showed that the genera Thelephora and Tomentella grouped together within the family Thelephoraceae and three new species were nested into the genus Thelephora, and one new species was nested into the genus Tomentella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection causes severe diarrhea in piglets and is potentially lethal, eventually leading to economic losses in the pig industry. At present, the lack of whole-genome information and genetic evolution characteristics of PEDV strains in Yunnan has limited our understanding of PEDV epidemic variation. This is the first time that we have identified the complete genome of the Yunnan strain and explored its genetic evolutionary characteristics. This study may shed new light on the current PEDV infections and pave the way toward further control of PEDV infections in Yunnan. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of the genus α-coronavirus and causes severe diarrhea in piglets, leading to enormous economic losses in the pig industry. To understand the epidemic variation of PEDV strains in Yunnan province, three PEDV strains (YN2021, YNLP 2022, and YNBS 2022) and one commercially available attenuated vaccine strain (Attenuated AJ1102-R) that were previously isolated were sequenced and compared with the representative PEDV strains. NJ phylogenetic analysis showed that YN2021 strain and Attenuated CV777 strain were clustered into GI-b subtype, while YNLP 2022 and YNBS 2022 belong to GII-b subtype, accompanying ZJCZ4 and Attenuated AJ1102-R. RDP analysis revealed that YNLP 2022 was a genome recombination from both GII-b strain PEDV-7C and GII-a strain YN1, of which the recombination region is in the range nt4994–7605. YNBS 2022 strain was another recombination originated from GII-b subtype strain 17GXZC-1ORF3c and GII-a subtype strain PEDV-CHZ, of which the counterpart is in the range nt16399–22326. The Yunnan strain of PEDV was analyzed for the first time from the whole-genome perspective, and comprehensive analysis showed that the Yunnan strains have high genetic variation. This study may shed new light on the current PEDV infections in Yunnan and pave the way toward further control of PEDV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large–scale Project of Returning Farmland to Forest (PRFF) is a major strategic measure taken against the background of the catastrophic floods in 1998, and its policy effect urgently requires an accurate evaluation. Yunnan Province is an ecologically fragile province that integrates border areas, mountainous areas, ethnic groups, and underdeveloped areas. It is of great significance to study the effect of PRFF in Yunnan, which began in 2000, on promoting forest coverage rates (FCRs) in mountainous areas. In response to the shortcomings in the existing research, such as the lack of direct exploration and the limited policy evaluation tools of the effect of PRFF on improving FCRs in mountainous regions, this study takes Yunnan as an example based on land use/land cover (LULC) data interpreted from seven periods of RS images, aiming to study the effect of PRFF on promoting FCRs. After dividing 129 counties into 3 types (flatland county, semi-mountainous and semi-flatland (SMSF) county, and mountainous county), the Difference-In-Differences (DID) model and spatial DID models are used to measure the specific effect of PRFF on promoting FCRs based on county-level administrative units. The results indicate that PRFF has increased FCRs in non-flatland counties by 1.8082%, and the impact of PRFF on increasing FCRs in mountainous counties slightly exceeds that in SMSF counties. Although PRFF has converted some steep slope farmland into forest land, there is no evidence to suggest that the implementation of PRFF has significantly reduced the proportion of farmland and total grain production in non-flatland counties. Therefore, PRFF is an excellent project that promotes the increase in FCRs and benefits in the country and the people. The results can provide a reference for China to achieve the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and also offer a reference for other countries to improve FCRs and the local ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential Natural Vegetation (PNV) represents the climax of vegetation succession in a natural environment, free from significant disturbances. The reconstruction of PNV is widely used to study climate-vegetation relationships and predict future vegetation distributions. However, fine-scale PNV maps with high accuracy are still rare in biodiversity hotspots due to the complexity of ecosystems and limited field observations. In this study, we mapped the spatiotemporal distribution of 16 PNV types using adequate field and literature data, and an improved Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System (CSCS) approach under current (2005–2016) and future (2021–2080) climate scenarios in Yunnan province, Southwest China. We found that 1) from T0 (2005–2016) to T3 (2021–2080), regions with cold alpine PNV types, such as mid-mountain humid evergreen broad-leaved forests (EBLF), are projected to experience more significant temperature increases compared to regions with warm PNV types, like tropic rainforests and monsoon rainforests. High-emission scenarios (SSP585) are expected to result in temperature increases approximately 2°C higher than low-emission scenarios (SSP126). Precipitation is projected to increase for water-deficient PNV types (e.g., monsoon rainforest and semi-humid EBLF) but decrease for humid PNV types (e.g., rainforest and mountain mossy EBLF). The SSP370 scenario predicts a slightly smaller increase in precipitation compared to other scenarios. 2) All PNV types are expected to shift to higher latitudes (by an average of 0.86°) and higher elevations (by an average of 454 m) by T3, based on their current niches. Alpine PNV types are more sensitive to climate change and are projected to shift more prominently than other types. For example, mountain mossy EBLF is expected to move 1.78° northward, while mid-mountain moist EBLF is projected to rise by 578 m. 3) Cold PNV types are likely to be replaced by warm types both in latitude and altitude. Semi-humid EBLF is projected to shrink the most, by 57,984 km2 (51.5% of its present range), while monsoon EBLF is expected to expand the most, by 44,881 km2 (64.7% of its present range). The suitable habitat for cold-temperate sclerophyllous EBLF and temperate shrublands may disappear entirely in Yunnan. Given the over-estimate of the projected PNV shift without accounting for the lag effects, these findings are still useful in planning future conservation and management efforts, which should prioritize PNV types experiencing drastic changes in temperature (e.g., mid-mountain moist EBLF), precipitation (e.g., mountain mossy EBLF), and distribution area (e.g., semi-humid EBLF and cold-temperate sclerophyllous EBLF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asterostroma roseoalbum sp. nov. was found in Yunnan Province, China, is described here as a new species based on its morphology and phylogeny. Asterostroma roseoalbum is characterised by its felted-membranous to pellicular, fimbriate basidiomata with a smooth hymenophore and a dimitic hyphal system bearing generative hyphae with simple-septate and echinulate, subglobose to globose basidiospores measuring as 8–9.5 × 7–9 µm. Phylogenetic analyses of the new species were based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new species belongs to the genus Asterostroma, and is closely related to two species A. macrosporum and A. muscicola. A full description, illustrations and phylogenetic analysis results of the new species are provided. Furthermore, a key to the genus Asterostroma in China is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To measure and evaluate the grain security situation in Yunnan Province, one of the production and marketing balance areas, and provide reference for scientific exploration of grain security in Yunnan Province and even the whole country and local government decision-making. [Method] The paper used cultivated land pressure index model with quality coefficient optimization to conduct the quantitative analysis to grain security in Yunnan from 2003 to 2018. [Result] In terms of time, the grain security level of Yunnan Province continues to improve. In terms of quantity, the 16 prefectures (cities) in Yunnan Province, 10 prefectures (cities) grain production has been effectively secured, accounting for 62.50%; and 6 prefectures (cities) are in insecurity, accounting for 37.50%. In terms of space, among them Qujing, Dali, Baoshan, Honghe and Wenshan 5 prefectures (cities) are moderately secure, Dehong, Puer, Lincang, Zhaotong and Chuxiong 5 prefectures (cities) are low secure, Lijiang and Kunming 2 cities are low insecure, Xishuangbanna and Yuxi 2 prefectures (cities) are moderately insecure, and Diqing and Nujiang 2 prefectures are highly insecure, and no high secure areas; grain secure areas are concentrated in the east of the province, followed by the west, the degree of insecurity from high to low in the northeast, south and central of province. [Conclusion] The grain security situation in Yunnan Province is in a state of insecurity, but the degree of insecurity is low, belonging to the low degree of insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms on Earth, in which the wood-inhabiting fungi play an important role in forest ecosystem processes and functions. Four new wood-inhabiting fungi, Lyomyces hengduanensis, L. niveomarginatus, L. wumengshanensis and L. zhaotongensis, are proposed, based on morphological features and molecular evidence. Lyomyces hengduanensis differs in the brittle basidiomata with pruinose hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system and ellipsoid basidiospores (3.5–6 × 3–4.5 µm). Lyomyces niveomarginatus is distinguished by the subceraceous basidiomata with crackled hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system and ellipsoid basidiospores (4.5–7 × 3–4 µm). Lyomyces wumengshanensis is distinguished by the grandinioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system and ellipsoid to broad ellipsoid basidiospores (4–6 × 3–5 µm). Lyomyces zhaotongensis is unique in the grandinioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring as 2.6–3.5 × 2.5–3 µm. Sequences of ITS and nLSU rRNA markers of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed using the Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. The phylogram, based on the ITS + nLSU rDNA gene regions, included three genera within the Schizoporaceae viz. Fasciodontia, Lyomyces and Xylodon, in which the four new species were grouped into Lyomyces. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the ITS sequences highlighted that L. hengduanensis group with L. zhaotongensis and then closely grouped with L. crustosus, L. ochraceoalbus, and L. vietnamensis. The new taxon L. niveomarginatus was retrieved as a sister to L. juniperi. The new species L. wumengshanensis was sister to L. macrosporus. The new taxon L. zhaotongensis grouped with L. hengduanensis and then closely grouped with L. crustosus, L. ochraceoalbus and L. vietnamensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug crime is a serious global problem requiring attention. This study focuses on the spatial characteristics and factors influencing drug crimes at the provincial level. Understanding these factors is crucial to combating drug crime and maintaining social stability. In the past, most studies analyzed and discussed drug crimes at the macro and micro scales; however, research on the meso scale is still relatively lacking, and the special geographical location and complex socioeconomic conditions near the border of Myanmar in Yunnan Province had a high incidence of drug crimes, so it was still necessary to study drug crimes at the meso scale in Yunnan Province. This study considers drug crime cases from 129 counties and districts in Yunnan Province and employs Geographic Information System (GIS) statistical analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and a spatial gravity model to examine the spatial difference patterns and spatial correlation network characteristics of drug crime in the province. Additionally, an indicator system for drug crime-influencing factors was constructed, which included economic level, income level, urbanization level, education level, floating population, impact of drug source areas, and terrain complexity. A regression analysis using a Spatial Durbin Model was conducted to analyze the relationship between these factors and drug crimes. First, the drug crime rate in Yunnan Province exhibits a notable spatial variation pattern, wherein clusters of high crime rates are primarily concentrated along the China-Myanmar border. Second, drug crimes in different districts and counties of Yunnan Province exhibit notable spatial correlation and agglomeration patterns on a global scale. Considering the spatial distribution, two main groups with strong spatial correlation networks were identified. The first group includes Kunming's central urban area and its surrounding districts and counties. The second group consists of districts and counties along the Yunnan border. This spatial distribution aligns with the cubic function curve depicting the relationship between distance from Myanmar and the density of drug crime rates. Third, among the influencing factors, the economic level, income level, urbanization level, and drug source area have a significant impact on the drug crime rate in Yunnan Province. Notably, factors related to the source of drugs had the most significant influence, displaying a significant negative correlation. The relationship between the distance from the China-Myanmar border (the source of drugs) and the drug crime rate follows an elongated "inverted S" shaped distribution curve. It demonstrated a significant initial decrease, followed by a slight increase and then a subsequent downward trend. Additionally, the economic level has a significant negative impact on the variation in drug crimes in Yunnan Province, whereas income and urbanization levels have a positive impact. In conclusion, this study focused on the research area of Yunnan Province, which is known for its high incidence of drug crimes, making it a suitable and significant region for this study. It conducted a quantitative analysis of the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of drug crimes in the Yunnan Province at a provincial mesoscale. Analyzing the exploration of the direction of these influencing factors contributes to the advancement of research on criminal geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: A new species of the genus Rhopalopsole (Plecoptera, Leuctridae) from Yunnan Province, China, Rhopalopsole dulongjianga sp. nov., is described and illustrated. New information: This new species is compared to the similar species, Rhopalopsole bispina (Wu, 1949). Additionally, we provide a supplemental description and colour plates of R. bispina. A key to Rhopalopsole species from Yunnan Province, China, is also provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Tea plants are economically important woody plants that originated in southwestern China. The Yunnan Province in China is regarded as the central origin of tea plants owing to the abundance and diversity of the tea germplasm present in this region. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among tea plants in this region. Here, a total of 266,397 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms were obtained using double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing from 468 tea accessions collected from Yunnan. The phylogenetic relationship and population structure of the 468 tea accessions revealed remarkable inter- and intraspecific introgression across different sect. Thea species. We found that Camellia taliensis (W. W. Smith) Melchior is the main genetic donor that greatly contributed to the domestication of C. sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, as evidenced by the frequent generation of genetic intermediates derived from the hybridization between C. sinensis and C. taliensis in Lincang, Xishuangbanna, and Pu’er. Notable genetic differences were observed across the populations from distinct regions of Yunnan. Additionally, the Lancang River may have attenuated the genetic interflow between Lincang and Pu’er. Finally, a core collection of 50 tea accessions was constructed based on the genetic diversity of the 468 tea accessions. Our results provide novel insights into the evolutionary and domestication history of tea plants in Yunnan Province and can facilitate the development of strategies for the conservation, breeding, and utilization of the core collection.

Drug crime is a serious global problem requiring attention. This study focuses on the spatial characteristics and factors influencing drug crimes at the provincial level. Understanding these factors is crucial to combating drug crime and maintaining social stability. In the past, most studies analyzed and discussed drug crimes at the macro and micro scales; however, research on the meso scale is still relatively lacking, and the special geographical location and complex socioeconomic conditions near the border of Myanmar in Yunnan Province had a high incidence of drug crimes, so it was still necessary to study drug crimes at the meso scale in Yunnan Province. This study considers drug crime cases from 129 counties and districts in Yunnan Province and employs Geographic Information System (GIS) statistical analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and a spatial gravity model to examine the spatial difference patterns and spatial correlation network characteristics of drug crime in the province. Additionally, an indicator system for drug crime-influencing factors was constructed, which included economic level, income level, urbanization level, education level, floating population, impact of drug source areas, and terrain complexity. A regression analysis using a Spatial Durbin Model was conducted to analyze the relationship between these factors and drug crimes. First, the drug crime rate in Yunnan Province exhibits a notable spatial variation pattern, wherein clusters of high crime rates are primarily concentrated along the China-Myanmar border. Second, drug crimes in different districts and counties of Yunnan Province exhibit notable spatial correlation and agglomeration patterns on a global scale. Considering the spatial distribution, two main groups with strong spatial correlation networks were identified. The first group includes Kunming's central urban area and its surrounding districts and counties. The second group consists of districts and counties along the Yunnan border. This spatial distribution aligns with the cubic function curve depicting the relationship between distance from Myanmar and the density of drug crime rates. Third, among the influencing factors, the economic level, income level, urbanization level, and drug source area have a significant impact on the drug crime rate in Yunnan Province. Notably, factors related to the source of drugs had the most significant influence, displaying a significant negative correlation. The relationship between the distance from the China-Myanmar border (the source of drugs) and the drug crime rate follows an elongated "inverted S" shaped distribution curve. It demonstrated a significant initial decrease, followed by a slight increase and then a subsequent downward trend. Additionally, the economic level has a significant negative impact on the variation in drug crimes in Yunnan Province, whereas income and urbanization levels have a positive impact. In conclusion, this study focused on the research area of Yunnan Province, which is known for its high incidence of drug crimes, making it a suitable and significant region for this study. It conducted a quantitative analysis of the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of drug crimes in the Yunnan Province at a provincial mesoscale. Analyzing the exploration of the direction of these influencing factors contributes to the advancement of research on criminal geography.

Wildlife crime has presented a trend of diversity, globality, and severity, which has posed severe threats to biology, ecology, economy, and society. Although researchers in these fields have never stopped fighting against it by proposing prevention and control countermeasures from their disciplinary perspectives, spatial heterogeneity have been largely overlooked in most studies. Here, we use 873 wildlife crime cases in Yunnan, a province with the highest wildlife crime rate in China, to highlight the spatial differences in wildlife crime rate within a province and the reasons behind them. Our results show that the provincial capital, border counties, and tourist cities serve as hotspots for wildlife crime, each characterized by distinct formation mechanisms. Distribution channels, climate and social order, and national culture significantly influence the emergence of these hotspots. Furthermore, the spatial elements of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) complement the Situational Crime Prevention (SCP) framework and are applied across various scales in the study of wildlife crime management in Yunnan Province. These findings can help us suggest new ideas for preventing wildlife crime from a criminological geography perspective taking into account spatial considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo analyze the whole-genome characteristics of four coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) strains isolated in Yunnan province, China in 2022. MethodsPrimers were designed to amplify and sequence the whole genome of CVB5 isolates. The whole genome was amplified in segments, and sequenced using the "primer walking" method. Sequence splicing and assembly were performed. Genetic characteristics of the CVB5 strains were analyzed using software such as MEGA 7.0, Simplot 3.5.1, and DNAStar 7.1. ResultsBased on VP1 and whole-genome phylogenetic analysis, all four CVB5 isolates belonged to genotype C. Compared with the prototype strain, multiple amino acid mutations occurred in the VP1 region of the four strains. Phylogenetic analysis of P1, P2, and P3 regions and Simplot recombination analysis showed that the CVB5 isolates in this study may have undergone recombination with multiple enterovirus B strains. ConclusionThe four CVB5 strains isolated from clinical samples of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients in Kunming, Yunnan province in 2022 all belonged to genotype C.

Based on the daily MCI （Meteorological Drought Composite Index） of 125 stations in Yunnan province from April to June 2020， and the monitoring standard of regional drought process， the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics are analyzed， and the circulation causes of meteorological drought are also investigated.The results demonstrate that： （1） Two meteorological drought processes occurred from April to June 2020， one is a severe drought in southwestern area of Yunnan from April 1 to 25， and another was from May 9 to June 30 which is a severe drought with a long duration in the whole province.（2） From April 1 to 25 in 2020， the distribution of Mid-high latitude 500 hPa height field are two troughs and one ridge， a trough of low pressure in the Ural Mountains and eastern East Asia， and a ridge of high pressure in the area from Lake Balkhash to Lake Baikal， forming a "negative-position-negative" wave train which is conducive the cold air to the southward and impact of Yunnan.The low latitudes are controlled by a zonal positive abnormal height field， and there is south wind anomaly of 700 hPa in Yunnan， so the cold air mainly affects eastern of Yunnan.The Arabian-Sea-Bay of Bengal-South China Sea of 500 hPa height field is positive anomaly， which is not conducive to the transport of southwest warm and humid air to Yunnan.70% of the water vapor transport tracks to Yunnan come from the westerlies， so the regional meteorological drought process occurs in western Yunnan with less precipitation and higher temperature.（3） From May 9 to June 30， the seasonal transition of South Asian High is later than normal， and the establishment of the regional monsoon circulation in the Bay of Bengal is late also.Before the establishment of monsoon， all of the water vapor transport tracks to Yunnan region come from the westerly belt， and the specific humidity is mainly negative anomaly.After the establishment of the monsoon， 97% of the water vapor transport tracks to Yunnan come from the Indian Ocean， and the specific humidity was mainly positive anomaly.However， the circulation distribution in the middle and high latitudes of 500 hPa is not conducive the cold air to the southward and impact Yunnan.Meanwhile， the distribution of low latitude 500 hPa is positive anomaly， and the subsidence movement is strengthening， the correspondence between water vapor transport and the convergence rising motion was not good， so a sever large-scale meteorological drought occurred in Yunnan province.

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence level and trend of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among 11 specific populations in Yunnan province, and to provide evidence for formulating and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and control measures. MethodsThe annual report data from 2013 to 2022 on comprehensive prevention and control of hepatitis C were collected from all medical institutions in 16 prefectures/municipalities in Yunnan province and were analyzed using R software and the Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to assess the changing trends in HCV antibody (anti-HCV) positivity rates among different population groups and for different regions. ResultsOf a total of 64 879 772 person-times of anti-HCV detection performed in medical institutions during the period, 392 971 (0.61%) were anti-HCV positive, and the annual anti-HCV positive rates ranged from 0.49% (45 069/9 286 175) to 0.83% (20 819/2 494 869) during the period, with a decreasing trend (Z = – 100.05, P < 0.05). The top three population groups with the highest anti-HCV positive rate were drug users (27.46%, 52 508/191 184), detainees (3.31%, 3 183/96 038), and female sex workers (0.92%, 1 152/125 832). The anti-HCV positive rate showed a decreasing trend in all population groups, including preoperative patients, blood transfusion recipients, other medical clients, pregnant women, blood donors, drug users, female sex workers, detainees, and others (all P < 0.05), except for premarital checkups and men who have sex with men, whose anti-HCV positive rates showed an increasing trend (Z = 2.9252, P < 0.05; Z = 7.0807, P < 0.05). The top three regions with the highest anti-HCV positive rate were Dehong prefecture, Baoshan municipality, Honghe prefecture and Kunming municipality. The anti-HCV positive rate showed a decreasing trend in all prefectures/municipalities of the province during the period (all P < 0.05), except for in Diqing and Nujiang prefectures and Zhaotong municipality, whose anti-HCV positive rate showed an increasing trend (Z = 3.518, P < 0.05; Z = 7.2602, P < 0.05; Z = 4.5373, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe prevalence of anti-HCV positive in Yunnan province from 2013 to 2022 was mainly among key populations such as drug users, detainees, and female sex workers, with regions with higher positive rate including Dehong and Honghe prefectures, and Baoshan and Kunming municipalities, where the prevalence of former drug abuse was also higher.

ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in the time intervals between diagnosis and treatment and the influencing factors of diagnosis and treatment delay among rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) patients from 2016 to 2021 in Yunnan province, to provide a reference for reducing the occurrence of diagnosis and treatment delay in patients. MethodsData of 2 189 RR-TB patients registered in Yunnan province from 2016 to 2021 were extracted from the Tuberculosis Management Information System (TMIS) – a subsystem of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System – to analyze the time intervals between symptom onset and diagnosis and that between diagnosis and treatment for the patients with different demographic and other characteristics. The time intervals were described in median and percentile 25th/75th (M, P25/P75) days, and multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing delays in diagnosis and treatment of RR-TB patients. ResultsFor all patients, the median number of days from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis of RR-TB increased from 50 in 2016 to 109 in 2018, but then decreased annually to 42 in 2021, with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The RR-TB patients who underwent conventional drug susceptibility testing and received initial diagnosis at a prefectural or municipal-level medical institution were more likely to have delayed diagnosis, with the odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 5.193 (3.750 – 7.193) and 1.449 (1.199 – 1.752), respectively. The median number of days from diagnosis to treatment for the 1 488 RR-TB patients being treated increased slightly from one day in 2016 to 11 days in 2021. The RR-TB patients with the following characteristics were more likely to have treatment delays: being male (OR = 1.309, 95%CI: 1.063 – 1.612), being a farmer (OR = 1.317, 95%CI: 1.022 – 1.698), and being a permanent resident (OR = 4.016, 95%CI: 3.220 – 5.008) ; whereas RR-TB patients of younger age were less likely to have treatment delay, with the OR (95%CI) of 0.676 (0.487 – 0.938), 0.687 (0.494 – 0.954), and 0.663 (0.489 – 0.901) for the patients aged 25 – 34, 35 – 44, and 45 – 55 years respectively, compared with those aged ≥ 65 years. ConclusionDuring 2016 – 2021, the time interval between symptom onset and diagnosis was significantly shortened and the interval between diagnosis and treatment was relatively short for RR-TB patients in Yunnan province but attention still needs to be paid to patients at high risk of delayed diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To understand the status quo of social support of HIV patients in Yunnan Province and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for improving the social support status of this population in the future. Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of HIV patients receiving treatment in designated hospitals in Yunnan province. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, HIV infection-related information and social support rating scale (SSRS), and the analysis was conducted by t-test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. Results The total score of social support in 631 HIV patients was (28.44±8.48), the scores of objective support (6.14±2.56), subjective support (16.54±5.69) and support utilization (5.76±2.26), all of which were lower than the domestic norm (P < 0.001) . Being youth under 30 years old, living in rural areas, not living alone, being married, having an occupation, having a high level of education, having a high average annual household income, and participating in group activities with infected persons were favorable factors for social support ( P < 0.05) . Conclusions The overall social support status of HIV-infected people in Yunnan Province is worse than that of the whole country. Humanistic care should be strengthened for elderly infected people who are older, living in cities, living alone, divorced/widowed/unmarried, unemployed, those with low average annual family income and those who do not participate in group activities for HIV-infected people, so as to improve their level of social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taxonomy plays a central role in understanding the diversity of life, translating the products of biological exploration and discovery specimens and observations into systems of names that settle a "classification home" to taxa. Up to this point, studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the basidiomycetous genus Tomentella stemmed mainly from the temperate to boreal zones of the North Hemisphere, but were scarce in tropical Asia. In this study, four new species, viz. Tomentella olivaceobasidiosa, T. velutina, T. wumenshanensis and T. yunnanensis from China, are described and illustrated based on the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses, in which the sequences of ITS+nLSU+mtSSU+RPB2 genes were used for the phylogenetic analyses using Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. All the new species can be well recognised by their macroscopical and anatomical characteristics. The four new species, closely related taxa in the phylogenetic tree and morphologically similar species are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought, characterized by frequent occurrences, an extended duration, and a wide range of destruction, has become one of the natural disasters posing a significant threat to both socioeconomic progress and agricultural livelihoods. Large-scale geographical environments often exhibit obvious spatial heterogeneity, leading to significant spatial differences in drought's development and outcomes. However, traditional drought monitoring models have not taken into account the impact of regional spatial heterogeneity on drought, resulting in evaluation results that do not match the actual situation. In response to the above-mentioned issues, this study proposes the establishment of ecological–geographic zoning to adapt to the spatially stratified heterogeneous characteristics of large-scale drought monitoring. First, based on the principles of ecological and geographical zoning, an appropriate index system was selected to carry out ecological and geographical zoning for Yunnan Province. Second, based on the zoning results and using data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B43, the vegetation condition index (VCI), the temperature condition index (TCI), the precipitation condition index (TRCI), and three topographic factors including the digital elevation model (DEM), slope (SLOPE), and aspect (ASPECT) were selected as model parameters. Multiple linear regression models were then used to establish integrated drought monitoring frameworks at different eco–geographical zoning scales. Finally, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was used to evaluate the monitoring effects of the model, and the spatiotemporal variation patterns and characteristics of winter and spring droughts in Yunnan Province from 2008–2019 were further analyzed. The results show that (1) compared to the traditional non-zonal models, the drought monitoring model constructed based on ecological–geographic zoning has a higher correlation and greater accuracy with the SPEI and (2) Yunnan Province experiences periodic and seasonal drought patterns, with spring being the peak period of drought occurrence and moderate drought and light drought being the main types of drought in Yunnan Province. Therefore, we believe that ecological–geographic zoning can better adapt to geographical spatial heterogeneity characteristics, and the zonal drought monitoring model constructed can more effectively identify the actual occurrence of drought in large regions. This research finding can provide reference for the formulation of drought response policies in large-scale regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An ascomycetous fungus was collected and isolated from dead leaves of Livistona chinensis in Lincang City, Yunnan Province, China, and morphology and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of LSU, ITS, Actin, and β-tub were carried out to identify it. The morphology and multigene phylogeny revealed that this fungus is a distinct species of Thyridium. Therefore, this fungus is described and introduced as Thyridium livistonae sp. nov. In addition, two new combinations T. hipposidericola and T. xishuangbannaense are proposed based on morphology and phylogeny for Phialemoniopsis hipposidericola Karun., Tibpromma & X.F. Liu and P. xishuangbannaensis Karun., Tibpromma & X.F. Liu respectively. A detailed description, illustrations, and phylogenetic results are provided for the new species and two new combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the current the status of sexual knowledge, attitude and behavior in university students from three non-medical colleges and universities in Yunnan Province. Methods From September, 2022 to June, 2023, 1 170 college students from three non-medical universities in Yunnan Province were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods to conduct a questionnaire survey on their sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, and descriptive methods were used to analyze their sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Results The awareness rate of emergency contraception within 72 hours was 22.2%, and the awareness rate of condoms for disease prevention and contraception was 65.6%. The awareness rates of PrEP and PEP were 49.2% and 39.3%, and the overall awareness rate of AIDS prevention knowledge was less than 90.0%. The overall awareness rate of sexual health and AIDS prevention knowledge among girls was higher than boys (P < 0.05) . 72.8% of the sampled population did not oppose premarital sex, and boys have a more open attitude towards sex than girls ( P < 0.05) . 18.9% of respondents have had sexual activity. Among those with a history of sexual behavior, 60.5% can correctly use condoms consistently, and 35.1% have more than two sexual partners. The sexual behavior of boys is higher than that of girls ( P < 0.05) . Among college students, 42.6% received sex education in junior high school, and 41.4% obtained sexual knowledge through the Internet. Conclusion College students lack sexual health knowledge, and their sexual attitudes and behaviors are relatively open. It is imperative for non-medical colleges in Yunnan Province to carry out comprehensive sex education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the surveillance data of scarlet fever in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2022, in order to understand its incidence level and epidemiological characteristics, and to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and control. Methods The scarlet fever data from 2010 to 2022 in Yunnan Province were obtained from the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". The spatial distribution was described, and seasonal trends were analyzed using seasonal indices. A total of 92 scarlet fever cases reported by 22 medical institutions in the province were randomly selected for verification of diagnostic accuracy. Results From 2010 to 2022, a total of 21 081 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Yunnan Province, with only 5.25% confirmed cases. The average annual incidence rate was 3,44 per 100 000, with no reported deaths. There were two peaks in the incidence rate each year, in spring/summer and winter, accounting for 49,78% and 17.43% of the total annual cases, respectively. The highest incidence rates were observed in children under 10 years old, with an incidence rate of 23.75 per 100 000, and the incidence rate in boys was higher than that in girls. The cities and prefectures with the highest average annual incidence rates were Lijiang city (10.49 per 100 000), Yuxi city (7.67 per 100 000), Dali Prefecture (5.54 per 100 000), and Pu-er city (5.21 per 100 000). The areas with significant increases in incidence rates around 2020 were Diqing Prefecture, Nujiang Prefecture, Qujing city, and Wenshan Prefecture, and the specific counties with significant increases were Qiubei County in Wenshan Prefecture, Weixi County in Diqing Prefecture, Luoping County in Qujing city, and Lanping County in Nujiang Prefecture, Among the 92 scarlet fever cases reported by the 22 medical institutions from 2021 to 2022, the diagnostic accuracy was 56.52%. Conclusion From 2010 to 2022, the overall incidence of scarlet fever in Yunnan Province showed an increasing trend. It is recommended to implement comprehensive prevention measures focusing on health education in key epidemic areas such as Lijiang, Yuxi, and Dali, and to carry out pathogen surveillance. In areas with significant recent increases in incidence, such as Qiubei County in Wenshan Prefecture, Weixi County in Diqing Prefecture, and Lanping County in Nujiang Prefecture, it is recommended to conduct quality verification of case diagnosis to understand the true situation of scarlet fever incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Coefficient of Variation and GIS spatial analysis, we detected the spatial and temporal evolution and development patterns of border trade in Yunnan counties, analyze the de‐ velopment pattern of border trade in depth by combining with the model of border trade develop‐ ment level, and explore the driving mechanism of border trade by using geographic probes. The results show that: ① the overall trend of county border trade in Yunnan Province is on the rise, and the total volume varies unevenly among counties, with Ruili City in the west and Mengla County in the south as the representative counties with higher total trade volume, while the over‐all trade volume in Ximeng County in the southwest and Lushui County in the northwest is smaller. ② From 2010 to 2020, the development pattern of county border trade in Yunnan Prov‐ ince varies. ③ During the same period, the border trade development in the western and south‐ eastern border counties is high and the growth rate is stable; the development in the northwestern and southwestern counties is low and the growth is fast; the development in the southern coun‐ ties is high and the growth is slow. ④ The main driving factors affecting the border trade in the counties factors are policy and transportation factors, and the secondary driver is GDP per capita, while there are differences in the driving factors of border counties with different neighboring countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plateau Meteorology is the property of Plateau Meteorology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study applied Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) multispectral data and ZY1-02D hyperspectral data to map the structural distribution and hydrothermal alteration in the polymetallic ore district in southern Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, China. The study area hosts several polymetallic deposits, including the Mahuaping tungsten–beryllium deposit, which has significant mineral exploration potential. The deposit type is mainly magmatic–hydrothermal, with average grades of 0.41% WO3 and 0.22% BeO, and substantial reserves, prominently controlled by faults. Based on this, this study employed ASTER data for the visual interpretation of structures through false-color composites combined with DEM data. Additionally, ASTER and ZY1-02D data were processed using the principal component analysis and spectral angle mapper methods to extract anomalies related to tungsten mineralization such as carbonate alteration, sericitization, chloritization, and hematization of the hydrothermal origin. The results indicated that the structural trends in the study area predominantly align in north–south and northeast directions, with alteration anomalies concentrated in the central and fold areas. Our analysis of typical deposits revealed their close association with north–south faults and east–west joints, as well as the enrichment level of alteration anomalies, identifying five high-potential target areas for mineral exploration. Further evaluation involved field validation through the spectral scanning of samples, field verification, and a comparison with known lithology. These assessments confirmed that the spectral curves matched those in the USGS database, the structural interpretations aligned with the field observations (84% accuracy from 25 sampling points, with 21 matching extracted alteration types), and the alteration results corresponded well with the lithological units, indicating high accuracy in alteration extraction. Finally, a comparative discussion highlighted that the results derived from ZY1-02D data were more applicable to the local area. The outcomes of this study can support subsequent mineral exploration efforts, enhancing the sustainability of important mineral resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 2010 to 2020, the main counties (cities and districts) with fruit forest pruning and fruit cultivation (citrus, pomegranate, apple, pear and grapes) were studied as the research objects, based on the fruit forest pruning coefficient and the discount coal coefficient, the pruning resources of fruit forests in Yunnan Province were estimated, the biomass fuel potential was estimated, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that from 2010 to 2020, the total amount of pruning resources in fruit forests in Yunnan Province showed an upward trend, and the average annual pruning amount of shoots was 1,522,700 tons. The resources of fruit forest pruning were significantly different between different regions. In 2020, the resources of fruit forest pruning in Yunnan Province were 2,617,500 tons, including 6 counties with more than 100,000 tons, 8 counties with 50,000 tons to 100,000 tons, and 31 counties with less than 50,000 tons. The annual average amount of shoots converted into pellet fuel into standard coal was 918,000 tons, and the average annual amount of standard coal converted into natural gas and power generation was 690 million m³ and 7 472 million kWh, respectively, and the potential annual value generated was 4 184 million yuan. Yunnan Province has great potential for energy conversion of fruit forest pruning branches, excellent resource endowment conditions for the development of biomass fuel, and has the resource base for the industrialization of biomass pellet fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province is a concentrated distribution area of hornbill populations. From December 2020 to November 2021, the field distribution sites of Anthracoceros albirostris，Buceros bicornis and Rhyticeros undulatus were investigated by using the line transects. The MaxEnt model was used to predict the suitable habitat distribution of the three species of hornbills in Dehong Prefecture. Our results showed that the most suitable habitat of Anthracoceros albirostris is mainly distributed in the northwestern and southwestern edges of Yingjiang and Ruili, with a total area of 116 km² . The most suitable habitat of Buceros bicornis is mainly distributed in the southwestern margin of Yingjiang, the northwestern of Longchuan and the southwestern of Ruili, with a total area of about 170 km² . The most suitable habitat of Rhyticeros undulatus is mainly distributed in the northwestern and southwestern edges of Yingjiang and the southwestern of Ruili, with a total area of 305 km² . Aspect, precipitation volume in driest month (Bio14), and the lowest temperature in the coldest month (Bio6) are the most important contributing factors affecting the distribution of Anthracoceros albirostris. Annual precipitation volume (Bio12), Bio14, and slope are the most important contributing factors affecting the distribution of Buceros bicornis. Aspect and Bio6 are the most important contributing factors affecting the distribution of Rhyticeros undulatus. Our results will provide the foundation for future field surveys, conservation planning and habitat management of the three species of hornbill in Dehong Prefecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the quality of the sleeping sites in the current distribution area of the endangered primate Indochinese gray langurs (Trachypithecus crepusculus), and provide recommendations for the conservation of the forest habitats of Asian colobine monkeys, from January 2010 to December 2022, we conducted a study on the sleeping site selection strategy of Indochinese gray langurs in Wuliangshan, Yunnan Province. We determined the location of the sleeping sites of the monkey group through long-term behavioral monitoring, and analyzed factors such as the topography of the sleeping sites, the characteristics of the vegetation in the tree layer, and the food resources using the sample square survey method. The results showed that: (1) The diameter at breast height [(33. 92±6. 09) cm], basal diameter [(38. 94± 8. 36) cm], tree height [(16. 10±2. 86) m], and the number of trees with lianas [(8. 32±5. 95) plants] of trees were significantly higher in the nocturnal roosting area of Indochinese gray langurs than in the control group, but there was no significant difference between other habitat variables and the control sample. These results indicate that the Indochinese gray langur preferred to stay at night in the area with tall trees and abundant epiphytic lianas, while topography, canopy cover, and food plant richness had no effect on the choice of night sleeping place of Indochinese gray langur. (2) In terms of the food source plants of the Indochinese gray langur, the abundance of Phoebe rufescens [(0. 67±1. 60) plants] and Nyssa javanica [(0. 66±1. 18) plants] were significantly higher in the sleeping sites than in the non-sleeping sites, while the abundance of Castanopsis faberi (0 plants), Castanopsis calathiformis [(0. 29±1. 17) plants], and Litsea elongata [(0. 59± 3. 31) plants] were significantly lower than those in the non-sleeping sites. The remaining 19 food plants did not differ significantly between the sleeping sites and the non-sleeping sites, suggesting that the abundance of food resources is not a limiting factor in the choice of sleeping sites for the monkeys. (3) A total of seven environmental factors were obtained by principal component analysis, with a cumulative contribution rate of 81. 23%. The results of non-parametric test showed that the contribution rates of height factor and vine factor were high and had a significant effect on the selection of the troop’s sleeping sites, the canopy cover and shrub factor had effects, but the contribution rate of the principal component was lower than 10. 00%. Terrain factor, quantity factor and tree shape factor had no significant effect on the selection of the troop’s sleeping sites. In general, the selection of night lodging sites for Indochinese gray langurs in Wuliangshan was mainly influenced by the structure of the tree layer due to the safety and convenience needs, and the low-altitude forests with abundant tall trees may provide more high-quality sleeping sites. Therefore, the conservation of Indochinese gray langurs in the Wuliangshan should focus on the protection and restoration of low-altitude forest habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quickly and accurately obtaining land use information can provide a reference for urban development and ecological environment protection. This study classifies land use types in Yunnan Province based on multi-temporal Landsat image dense time stacking and random forest algorithm on the Google Earth Engine （GEE） platform, analyzes the spatiotemporal change trends of LULC in Yunnan Province, and uses geodetectors to quantitatively evaluate key drivers factor. The results show that, 1） the average overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of LULC classification in this study are 88. 64% and 86. 01%, respectively, which is highly accurate and meets the data usage requirements. 2） The land types in Yunnan Province are mainly forest land, cultivated land, grassland, and sparse shrub grass mixed land, accounting for 97. 91%-98. 38%. Land use transfer mainly involves the conversion of forest land and cultivated land, and the conversion of grassland and sparse shrub grass mixed land into cultivated land. 3） The land use intensity in central and eastern Yunnan in Yunnan Province is generally higher than that in other regions, while the land use intensity in northwest and southwestern Yunnan is lower. 4） There are significant differences in the influence of different driving factors on LULC. Vegeta‐ tion type, average annual temperature and soil type have a relatively small impact on LULC changes. Elevation, slope, aspect, aver‐ age annual precipitation, population density, GDP and population urbanization rate, etc., generally have a high impact on LULC changes, Among them, GDP, population density, and population urbanization rate have a higher impact on LULC changes. The re‐ search results can provide data basis and support for subsequent ecological and environmental protection policy formulation and re‐ gional sustainable development in Yunnan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present world pattern has undergone major changes, the trend of world multi-polarization is constantly emerging, and peace and development remain the main themes of today's society. The formal signing and implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is important for meeting the needs of peace and development of many countries and regions. China is in a new era of reform and opening-up, and the RCEP content is in line with China's concept of pursuing a path of rejuvenation. Based on the locations of important borders, Yunnan Province has become one of the key places for China's opening-up and development regarding Southeast Asia and South Asia, and the high-quality development of its tourism service trade is of great significance. This study first used the grounded theory analysis method to organize, analyze and process the records of international conferences and government press conferences held in Yunnan Province, as well as important related issues since the signing of RCEP. Then, the social network analysis method was used to analyze the social recognition degree of RCEP in promoting the high-quality development of the tourism service trade in Yunnan Province from the perspectives of different levels and group consensus. The results show that cooperation is the key macro driving force for RCEP in promoting the high-quality development of the tourism service trade in Yunnan Province. Regarding the opportunities and environment of the transportation dividend, policy dividend and investment dividend, port construction, border township construction and exhibition-related construction are important cooperation contents, so they are conducive to the recovery of the tourism industry in a broader development space. Competition can improve the driving force of RCEP in promoting the high-quality development of the tourism service trade in Yunnan Province at the micro level, and has more practical significance. For example, RCEP can better rely on its own geographical advantages and international market competitiveness, optimize the use of resources inside and outside ports, and use high-tech products to form a more green, ecological, organic and sustainable development. In different levels of social identity, RCEP's power of cooperation is more strongly recognized, while the power of competition is less recognized. However, from the perspective of grouping the various groups, RCEP's powers of cooperation and competition are jointly recognized by the other groups, indicating that cooperation and competition are necessary for the realization of RCEP's power. The results of this study provide a certain reference for understanding the dynamics of RCEP in more detail from more angles and for the local implementation of RCEP rules and measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rodents represent over 40% of known mammal species and are found in various terrestrial habitats. They are significant reservoirs for zoonotic viruses, including harmful pathogens such as arenaviruses and hantaviruses, yet knowledge of their hosts and distributions is limited. Therefore, characterizing the virome profile in these animals is invaluable for outbreak preparedness, especially in potential hotspots of mammal diversity. This study included 681 organs from 124 rodents and one Chinese tree shrew collected from Yunnan Province, China, during 2020-2021. Metagenomic analysis revealed unique features of mammalian viruses in rodent organs across habitats with varying human disturbances. R. tanezumi in locations with high anthropogenic disturbance exhibited the highest mammal viral diversity, with spleen and lung samples showing the highest diversities for these viruses at the organ level. Mammal viral diversity for both commensal and non-commensal rats was identified to positively correlate with landscape disturbance. Some virus families were associated with particular organs or host species, suggesting tropism for these pathogens. Notably, known and novel viral species that are likely to infect humans were identified. R. tanezumi was identified as a reservoir and carrier for various zoonotic viruses, including porcine bocavirus, hantavirus, cardiovirus, and lyssavirus. These findings highlight the influence of rodent community composition and anthropogenic activities on diverse virome profiles, with R. tanezumi as an important reservoir for zoonotic viruses.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum (A. phagocytophilum) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis, linked to small mammal reservoirs that harbor various zoonotic pathogens, underscoring their importance in public health and ecology. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in small mammals using PCR, then sequence and genotype positive samples, and assess infection risk factors. Small mammals were seasonally captured and a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) was conducted targeting the 16S rRNA gene on spleen samples to detect A. phagocytophilum infection from three counties in western Yunnan province, China. Positive samples were sequenced and genotyped, revealing genetic diversity and regional clustering of the pathogen. A total of 1,605 small mammals belonging to 30 species, 18 genera, 6 families, 3 orders were captured seasonally and screened in this region, yielding a 0.93% infection rate with A. phagocytophilum (15/1605). Significant variations in infection rates were observed across different species, counties, and habitats. The 16Sr RNA genes of A. phagocytophilum were categorized into two distinct clades, indicating notable genetic diversity. The identification of genetic variants in spleen samples underscores the potential public health risk and the critical importance of the One Health approach in disease surveillance. Our findings emphasize the necessity for continuous monitoring and highlight the value of nested-PCR testing on spleen samples for accurate prevalence assessment.

Ecological vulnerability (EV) assessment is an important means of reflecting the evolutionary process of the local ecological environment, which is crucial for ecological security. The current EV assessment still faces challenges in comprehensively revealing its spatio-temporal change characteristics due to diversity, multi-scale complexity and non-linearity of ecosystems. In this study, we comprehensively revealed the spatio-temporal change features and driver mechanisms of EV in Yunnan Province (YP) using methods such as breaks for additive seasonal and trend (BFAST) and Geodetector. According to the findings, (1) the ecological vulnerability index (EVI) in YP decreased by 0.0265 on the raster scale between 2000 and 2018, and the ecological vulnerability level (EVL) was mainly dominated by level III. At the city scale, EVL in YP was dominated by level IV. At the basin scale, the average EV of the Jinsha River basin was much greater other basins. (2) The linear trend of EV in the YP mainly showed an insignificant decrease, mostly concentrated in the YP’s eastern region. The non-linear trend mainly showed a monotonous decrease, with the mutation time concentrated in 2009. The future persistence trend of EV under different coupling modes was dominated by anti-persistence decrease (Sen-MK + Hurst) and anti-persistence monotonous decrease (BFAST + Hurst), with an area percentage of 40.19 % and 25.13 %, respectively. (3) Gross primary productivity was the priority factor influencing YP’s EV (q = 0.4137). This study not only enriches the cases of EV assessment studies in the high mountain valley area but also bridges the gap of analysing the multi-spatial scale characteristics and change trends of regional EV.

ObjectiveTo analyze the content of 6 kinds of amatoxins in 3 species of Lepiota collected from Chuxiong of Yunnan Province.MethodsThe collected mushrooms were baked and dried at 45 ℃， and species identification was carried out by morphological and molecular biology methods. The mushrooms were divided into three different growth periods （growth period， mature stage， aged stage） and different tissue parts （pileus， stipe， whole）， and the toxins were extracted by ultrapure water ultrasound. The determination was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray （ESI-） in multiple-reaction monitoring （MRM） mode， and the content was quantitatively analyzed by external standard method.ResultsNo amatoxins were detected in Lepiota clypeolaria and Lepiota cristata， while α-amanitin and β-amanitin were detected in Lepiota brunneoincarnata， and the content of α-amanitin was higher than β-amanitin. The total content of α-amanitin was highest in the mature stage （1.67 mg/g）， followed by the grow stage （1.56 mg/g） and least in the aged stage （0.40 mg/g）. And the total content of β-amanitin was also highest in the mature stage （0.71 mg/g）， followed by the growth stage （0.60 mg/g） and lowest in the aged stage （0.14 mg/g）. The cap part was richer in α-amanitin and β-amanitin than the stipe part in the growth and mature stages， while the content of α-amanitin and β-amanitin in the aged stage was higher in the stipe than in the pileus.ConclusionIn Chuxiong Prefecture， Yunnan Province， the flesh-brown ring-stalk mushroom L. brunneoincarnata mainly contains Amatoxins， including α-AMA， β-AMA， Amanin， and Amaninamide， excluding phalloidin and virotoxin. The content of α-AMA and β-AMA varies in different growth periods and tissues， providing reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of poisoning by this type of mushroom.

Background Chronic diseases have become a major public health problem affecting the health of the population, and the number of patients with chronic diseases in China continues to increase, as well as the increasing number of deaths due to chronic disease by year, and the increasing burden of disease on patients gradually. Understanding the changes in the burden of chronic diseases is of great importance for the prevention and control of chronic diseases. However, there is a lack of research on the changes in the burden of common chronic diseases in rural Yunnan Province. Objective To examine the changes in the disease burden of five common chronic diseases [hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ] among rural residents in Yunnan Province in 2011 and 2021. Methods A repeated cross-sectional design was used to select 8 400 and 7 700 rural residents aged≥35 years in Yunnan Province using multistage stratified random sampling method in 2011 and 2021 as the research subjects, respectively. Data were collected from on-site questionnaires and physical examinations of study participants, as well as data on the causes of death of five common chronic diseases. Principal component analysis was used to construct a socioeconomic position (SEP) indicator by selecting three variables including education level, annual household income per capita and accessibility to medical services, the coefficients of the variables were used to calculate the SEP composite score, and the SEP was classified into four grades of low, medium-low, medium-high and high based on the quartiles of the SEP composite score. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) was used to measure the magnitude of the disease burden for five chronic diseases. Results Compared with 2011, the overall prevalence of hypertension (25.14% vs. 41.57%), stroke (1.03% vs. 2.52%), and COPD (9.23% vs. 12.60%) in rural Yunnan Province in 2021 increased (P0.05), while an increase was found in the prevalence of CHD among males and those with high SEP grade, and in the prevalence of asthma among males and those with medium-high SEP grade (P

Abstract The Dai people are primarily found in Yunnan Province, China, and have a long heritage there. The latest national census reports that Yunnan is home to 1,259,000 individuals of the Dai ethnic group. This study focuses on 3504 Dai settlements in Yunnan, identified through county records. Using the ArcGIS spatial analysis platform, we first evaluated their settlements’ spatial distribution patterns using metrics like the nearest neighbor index and geographic concentration index. Then, we applied geodetector to investigate the underlying mechanisms of their distribution. The results reveal that: (1) Dai settlements in Yunnan Province generally have a cohesive spatial distribution; at the provincial level, however, there is an uneven distribution pattern, with many densely populated areas and a pattern of “two cores, one belt, one area, and two points”; (2) The Dai settlements predominantly occupy the third gradient of the vertical zonation, with Dai gathering settlements primarily found in the Lancang, Ayeyarwaddy, and Red River basins. Conversely, Dai mixed settlements are mainly situated in the Lancang, Red, and Nu River basins; (3) Analysis via geodetector indicates that ethnocultural factors are the most significant in determining the spatial distribution of the Dai settlements, followed by socio-economic and natural factors; (4) The distribution of settlements is significantly influenced by the proportion of the Dai population within these settlements. Dai gathering settlements are typically located on flat slopes with elevations ranging from 500 to 1000 m and slopes of 0°–5°. Meanwhile, Dai mixed settlements are found on gentle slopes with elevations of 1000–2000 m and slopes of 5°–15°. The study reveals that the location of Dai settlements is strongly influenced by environmental considerations and has a significant explanation from similar origins.

Livelihood capital is the core element of sustainable livelihood development for rural households. Based on the survey data of 615 growers in the main rubber-producing areas of Hainan and Yunnan province, this paper constructs an evaluation system of rubber growers' livelihood capital within the sustainable livelihood analysis framework and calculates key indicators, such as farmers' livelihood capital index, livelihood activity diversity index, and household income diversity index. The multiple regression model and the mediating effect model are used to explore the influence mechanism of livelihood capital on the sustainable livelihood of rural households. The following three conclusions are drawn: (1) The accumulation of livelihood capital of rural households is conducive to enriching the structure of household livelihood activities and income sources, especially the accumulation of financial capital, which is more likely to improve the diversity of household livelihood activities. Regional differences exist in the impact of livelihood capital structures on rural household livelihood outcomes. Natural capital endowment has a significant effect on the income diversification level in Hainan, but there may be a "curse" effect in Yunnan. (2) Geographical characteristics, production decisions, and farming household characteristics significantly impact sustainable livelihoods. The altitude of the village and the distance from the county seat pose certain challenges for farmers in diversifying their livelihoods. Although the law of rubber tapping production may weaken farmers' production and business activities, it can better stabilize farmers' incomes owing to its strong flexibility in labor arrangements, which may be beneficial for diversifying livelihoods; however, it does not necessarily lead to diversified incomes. While the characteristics of poor households can help rural households gain policy support, building capacity is the key to achieving a sustainable livelihood. (3) There are intermediary effects of livelihood capital on livelihood activities and household income, but the mechanisms of action are different. For the diversity of farmers' livelihoods, 52.70% of the catalytic effect of livelihood capital is achieved by improving the ability to integrate livelihood capital. Optimizing household employment strategies contributed to the promotion of livelihood capital on the income diversification index, with a mediating effect of 30.52%. The main contribution of this study is to clarify how livelihood capital can achieve the goal of diversifying household livelihood activities and income by coordinating livelihood capacity and employment strategies. Therefore, to enhance the comprehensive livelihood capacity of rural households, the coordination capacity of livelihood capital, livelihood capacity building should be enhanced, and employment information channels should be expanded.

Objective Investigate the current status of implementation of three mandatory industry standards (WS310-2016) for sterilization supply centers (CSSDs) in medical institutions at all levels in Yunnan Province compare the development gap of CSSDs outside the province. and investigate the development needs. Methods Based on the requirements of WS310-2016 and the current stage of CSSD development status of medical institutions at all levels in Yunnan Province, a questionnaire was designed. 46 refined indicators were identified.. and the current status of the implementation of WS310-2016 in medical institutions at all levels in- side and outside the province was investigated and analyzed in September 2022 and December 2023-respectively through online surveys. Results Among the 382 medical institutions were surveyed. 195 within Yunnan Province and 187 outside the province. There was no significant difference in the percentage of medical institutions at all levels within and outside Yunnan Province (P>0.05). of which 23(11.8%) were able to fully implement the industry standards within the province and 29 (15.5%) outside the province. The human resources. equipment setup and configuration, device management and quality monitoring of CSSDs in Yunnan Province lagged behind those in developed regions outside the province to varying degrees, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a certain gap between the development of CSSD in Yunnan Province and outside the province and resource allocation and other constraints on the implementation of standards, the formation of a team of CSSD experts, the establishment of provincial CSSD quality control center and the construction of a platform for academic exchanges. in order to accelerate the process of standardization. normalization and homogenization of CSSD in Yunnan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addressing the issue of accuracy in large-scale spatial land use type classification based on remote sensing, precise and efficient land use classification extraction methods and land classification models suitable for diverse high-altitude mountainous terrains were compared and proposed. The random forest ( RF) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms were employed to classify land use in Yunnan Province. Accuracy validation was carried out by visually interpreting and randomly sampling 1525 sample points. The results indicate that the application of RF and SVM classification algorithms both yield land use classification accuracy of over 80% in Yunnan Province. Cultivated land in Yunnan Province shows a trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease from 2019 to 2021. Using RF and SVM, overall accuracy and Kappa coefficients are effective for comparative analysis of land use classification. The RF algorithm demonstrates higher accuracy in identifying land features within the study area compared to SVM, making it more suitable for land use classification research in Yunnan Province's high-altitude mountainous terrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]