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The authors developed and validated the Korean version of the Experiences in Close Relationships—Short Form (K-ECRR-SF) with the goal of developing a culturally responsive scale. In study 1, a Rasch analysis was conducted on the 36 original items in the ECR-Revised (ECR-R) to select items that best represent anxiety and avoidance subscales by considering cultural equivalence. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted for the selected 12 items with a different sample. The factor structures of the ECR-R and K-ECRR-SF through CFA were then compared through CFA. In addition, the K-ECRR-SF items were tested for related constructs (i.e., reassurance and support seeking, loneliness, dyadic satisfaction, depression, anxiety, and fear of intimacy) to its criterion evidence. The newly developed K-ECRR-SF is confirmed to be valid and culturally responsive scale in measuring attachment in Korea.

To comprehensively explore the school counseling experience of sexual and gender minority (SGM) youths in South Korea, we interviewed 14 SGM youths about their school counseling experience and the climate of their schools toward SGM. Results showed that a hostile school climate and the accessibility, confidentiality, trustworthiness, and LGBTQ competency of school counselors drove the reluctance of these youths to receive school counseling services. Implications for the role of school counseling services for SGM youths were discussed based on the findings of this work and the suggestions offered by the interviewed SGM youths.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10447-022-09490-0.

We report the first total synthesis of micrococcin P2 (MP2, 1) by a diversity-oriented route that incorporates a number of refinements relative to earlier syntheses. Biological data regarding the activity of 1 against a range of human pathogens are also provided. Furthermore, we disclose a chemical property of MP2 that greatly facilitates medicinal chemistry work in the micrococcin area and describe a method to obtain MP2 by fermentation in B. subtilis

Item does not contain fulltext Developmentally, adolescence is the period when children make tentative career choice by practicing new patterns of thinking and planning idea. They do so by exploring various career-related learning opportunities within the proximal social context, such as peers. Within the career development theories, however, the influence of peers on the development of self-efficacy in adolescents’ career decision-making process had been understudied. Thus, this study aims to explore the co-evolution of friendship network and career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) in 440 South Korean adolescents (Mage =16.03 years, SD = 1.36, 93% boys) by using longitudinal data, 15 weeks of measurement interval. Specifically, we investigated whether friends become similar in their CDMSE or whether those who have similar levels of CDMSE become friends. Adopting stochastic actor-based social network analyses, we examined the selection and influence process in relation to teens’ friendship networks and CDMSE. We found that friends become similar in their CDMSE level over time, suggesting that friendship affects the development of CDMSE. However, the similarity in CDMSE levels do not predict friendship selections among adolescents. This study highlights the importance of peers for career development and intervention. The implications for practice and intervention are discussed. 10 november 2022 12 p.

This study examined the cross-cultural utility of a modified social cognitive model of academic and life satisfaction (Lent & Brown, 2008) by adding independent and interdependent self-construals with Korean college students in a cross-sectional (Study 1) and a longitudinal design (Study 2). In Study 1, 604 participants completed measures of academic self-efficacy, outcome expectations, goal progress, environmental support, positive affect, academic satisfaction, life satisfaction, and self-construals. In Study 2, 171 participants completed the same measures at two time points with a 15-week interval. Results of Study 1 indicated that the modified model provided a good fit to the data and that 21 out of 25 of the hypothesized paths were significant. In Study 2, the bidirectional model, which included three theorized sets of reciprocal relations (i.e., academic satisfaction to life satisfaction, positive affect to both environmental support and self-efficacy, and self-efficacy to both outcome expectations and goal progress) demonstrated an optimal fit to the data. Overall, the findings of the present study provide evidence for the validity of the modified social cognitive well-being model in Korean populations.

Natural products decursin and decursinol angelate were recently reported as benign fungicides for controlling rice blast. Inspired by the structural similarity of the cumarin compounds and gained hint from the skeletal motifs, we designed and prepared synthetic compounds to increase the natural product efficacy and evaluated their antifungal activities against various plant disease pathogens in vitro. Synthetically prepared compound 4 and 5 indeed suppressed the mycelial growth of B. cinerea, F. oxysporum, P. italicum, and R. quercus-mongolicae. Additionally, compound 5 effectively prevents the growth of C. coccodes and C. parasitica. Furthermore, both 4 and 5 possess better inhibitory activities on spore germination of F. oxysporum and M. oryzae than the natural product decursin and commercial pesticide Iprodione. These results suggest that the effect of the lead compound for plant disease protection can be improved by tuning the structure of the original natural product and decursinol chloroacrylates 4 and 5 are candidates for the control of F. oxysporum and M. oryzae.

The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in cognitive-behavioral attitudes and emotional connectedness toward people with disabilities (PWDs) and the attitudes toward inclusive education. In total, 309 college students from various universities in South Korea aged from 18 to 29 years (177 male and 130 female) voluntarily participated in this study. The participants were completed a set of questionnaires: Social Distance Toward Disabilities scale, Interaction with Disabled Person Scale, and Teachers’ Attitudes toward Inclusive Education Scale. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to model four distinct types: distant (3.56%), lukewarm (73.91%), rationalizing (8.41%), and potential proactive (14.12%). The majority of participants were lukewarm type who had a slightly cognitive-behavioral distance with mediocre empathy toward PWDs, which links to vague stands toward inclusive education. Potential proactive type, the second largest group, showed a positive attitude toward inclusive education with a high level of empathy but still had ambivalent perceptions toward PWDs. The rationalizing and distant groups had one thing in common that they had a relatively low level of empathy toward PWDs, but showed a markedly opposite position in inclusive education. The findings indicate that interventions should be tailored based on the type-specific attitudes and experiences with PWDs in public and educational settings.

When dealing with the mental health concerns of college students, access to professional mental health services is necessary to enable early identification and prevention of severe mental health issues. Accordingly, this study used the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework to determine the predictors of help-seeking intentions among college students in Korea. The authors developed a TPB questionnaire to measure attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control, and intentions for seeking help and subsequently validated it via the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The authors considered mental health condition as a pre-existing factor that influences TPB variables. In addition, they deemed knowledge of professional mental health services as a factor influencing perceived behavioral control regarding help-seeking behavior among Korean college students. The research hypotheses were stated as follows: (H1) mental health conditions would influence TPB variables, which would in turn influence their intentions to seek help, and (H2) knowledge about professional mental health services would influence perceived behavioral control. With 300 undergraduate and graduate students, our results confirmed that mental health condition and knowledge about professional mental health services were associated with TPB variables, and all of the TPB variables we examined predicted intention to seek help.

Because the related domains of work-family conflict and family-work conflict have become significant issues for Korean dual-career couples, we examined whether the satisfaction of autonomy needs (feelings of agency, volition, and initiating one’s own actions) in a marriage would moderate the relationship between work-family conflicts and displaced aggression toward family. In addition, we investigated whether such moderating effects would be different for men and women. The results revealed that the satisfaction of autonomy needs in marital relationships buffered the negative effects of work-family conflicts on displaced aggression toward family, although this effect was significant only for men. In contrast, the satisfaction of autonomy needs had a moderating effect on the association between family-work conflicts and displaced aggression toward family for women, but not for men.

The stromal antigen 3 (STAG3) gene, encoding a meiosis-specific cohesin component, is a strong candidate for causing male infertility, but little is known about this gene so far. We identified STAG3 in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and normozoospermia in the Korean population. The coding regions and their intron boundaries of STAG3 were identified in 120 Korean men with spermatogenic impairments and 245 normal controls by using direct sequencing and haplotype analysis. A total of 30 sequence variations were identified in this study. Of the total, seven were exonic variants, 18 were intronic variants, one was in the 5'-UTR, and four were in the 3'-UTR. Pathogenic variations that directly caused NOA were not identified. However, two variants, c.3669+35C>G (rs1727130) and +198A>T (rs1052482), showed significant differences in the frequency between the patient and control groups (P = 0.021, odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.098-2.918) and were tightly linked in the linkage disequilibrium (LD) block. When pmir-rs1052482A was cotransfected with miR-3162-5p, there was a substantial decrease in luciferase activity, compared with pmir-rs1052482T. This result suggests that rs1052482 was located within a binding site of miR-3162-5p in the STAG3 3'-UTR, and the minor allele, the rs1052482T polymorphism, might offset inhibition by miR-3162-5p. We are the first to identify a total of 30 single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) of STAG3 gene in the Korean population. We found that two SNVs (rs1727130 and rs1052482) located in the 3'-UTR region may be associated with the NOA phenotype. Our findings contribute to understanding male infertility with spermatogenic impairment.

The present study examined the role of calling in a social cognitive model of well-being using a sample of 328 South Korean teachers. The model incorporating calling into the social cognitive model of well-being demonstrated an excellent fit, and our variables accounted for significant variance in job satisfaction (47%) and life satisfaction (38%). Among the 12 direct paths of the proposed model, 10 hypothesized paths were significant. The direct paths from positive affect to calling, self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction; from calling to self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and life satisfaction; from self-efficacy to outcome expectations; from outcome expectations to job satisfaction; and from job satisfaction to life satisfaction were significant. Additionally, the mediating paths between positive affect and life satisfaction via calling, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and job satisfaction were significant. The practical implications for enhancing teachers’ job and life satisfaction and future directions of research were discussed.

The goal of this study was to validate the Experience in Close Relationships Scale–Short version (ECR–S) in Korean college students. One item of the attachment avoidance subscale was deleted follow...

Background: In face of the COVID-19, South Korea has provided the ‘Global Golden Standard’ of containment effort. Mandatory quarantine, one of the core policies in place, has proven its efficacy in ensuring public health. Nonetheless, no previous study has examined the policy’s comprehensive impact on its subjects. In addition to providing an account of holistic subjective experience of quarantine, this study also examines the socioecological factors’ influence on the subjective experience by applying the Bronfenbrenner’s model. In order to gather unconstrained information in relation to the contextual background, Consensual Qualitative Research method was used. 17 adults of Korean nationality were interviewed about their experience.Results: 10 categories within four domains of Subjective experience were found: (a) changed life style because of quarantine, continued pre-quarantine life, lasting effect of quarantine in Lifestyle domain; (b) Physical health domain with no subcategory; (c) discomfort, infection anxiety, accepting, satisfying, and gratitude within Psychological Experience domain; and (d) suggestion and change of perspective within Reflection domain. Next, 13 categories of socioecological factors belonged to four different levels of domain: (a) personality and belief in Within-individual domain; (b) quarantine space, personal relationship, coresident, student status, and employment status in Microsystem; (c) Korea’s quarantine policy, maintenance, resources, and abroad’s preventive measure against COVID in Exosystem; and (d) stigma and social responsibility in Macrosystem.Conclusions: The reported subjective experiences of self-quarantine were not uniformly negative or positive, which is unlike previous research findings that were dominantly negative. Identifying socioecological factors that shape an individual’s quarantine experience shed light onto how the government can protect its people from the potential threats of quarantine. The examples include promoting sense of safety through clear and coherent communication about the disease and the measures that are being placed, maximizing opportunities for the subjects to exert control over their lives during quarantine, devising ways to make virtual social connection accessible, and etc.

This article introduces South Korea's proactive approach in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic from the mental health perspective at various levels, including national-level policies, medical systems, infrastructures, and mental health professionals, as well as establishing connections and support for citizens. Implications for the internationalization of psychology are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

In South Korea, strong beliefs about traditional gender roles in accordance with Confucian and patriarchic atmosphere still strongly influence daily life and the career development process. Cultural and contextual factors impact the development of gender role socialization, which influences an individual’s career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) and adaptability to manage the challenging career decision-making process. In our study, we recruited 291 South Korean undergraduate students (138 women, 153 men) and investigated how an implicit gender-career stereotyping impacts career adaptability via CDSE and whether there is a gender difference on the direct and indirect effects of implicit gender-career stereotyping on career adaptability. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was implemented to measure implicit gender-career stereotyping. By testing a moderated mediation model, we found a mediated effect of CDSE in the link between implicit gender-career stereotyping and career adaptability in the female students. Moreover, the direct relationship between implicit gender-career stereotyping and CDSE was significant only for female students. Given the findings, practitioners and educators who work with South Korean women need to explore the degree of clients’ traditional gender role stereotyping and provide tailored interventions to increase their level of career adaptability by minimizing the negative impacts of gender role stereotyping and by increasing CDSE.

This study explores how American study abroad participants make educational and career choices after their return, drawing on career identity development as a theoretical lens. With 37 indi...

직업시장의 불확실성이 점차 증가하고 있고 이로 인해 복잡한 진로 관련 과제들을 잘 대처하는 자기조절 역량인 진로적응성이 진로 특정적 심리사회적 자원으로서 직업 및 진로 심리 연구 영역에서 주목받고 있다. 최근 소개된 적응의 진로구성모형 이론(Savickas, 2013; Savicaks & Porfeli, 2012)은 진로적응성이 개인 내 특질들의 영향을 받아 발달되며, 진로적응성은 진로결정효능감 및 직업 만족 등 다양한 진로 관련 행동 및 결과에 영향을 미친다는 진로적응성의 매개모형을 제안하고 있다. 이에, 본 연구는 적응의 진로구성모형 이론을 바탕으로 조절초점, 진로적응성 및 진로결정효능감 간의 관계를 탐색해보고자 하였다. 구체적으로, 개인 내 특질 변인 중 하나인 향상 및 예방조절초점이 진로적응성을 매개로 하여, 진로결정효능감에 영향을 미치는 매개모형을 가정하고 탐색하였다. 그 결과, 향상조절초점이 진로결정효능감에 진로적응성을 통해 영향을 미치는 간접효과는 유의미하였다. 그러나, 예방조절초점의 경우 진로적응성 및 진로결정효능감에 미치는 직접효과 및 진로적응성을 통해 진로결정효능감에 영향을 미치는 간접효과 모두 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로, 적응의 진로구성모형에 대한 이론적 함의와 향상조절초점을 통한 진로적응성 향상방안이 논의되었다.

This study tested a social cognitive career theory of work and life satisfaction (Lent & Brown, 2006, 2008) in a sample of Korean secondary school teachers. The model offered a good fit for the data, yielding that 15 of 19 individual path coefficients were significant. The variable of family support had both a direct and an indirect effect on job and life satisfaction, while positive affectivity had a direct effect on life satisfaction, but only an indirect effect on job satisfaction via core social cognitive variables of social cognitive career theory, such as self-efficacy and outcome satisfaction. In addition, self-efficacy influenced job satisfaction via both outcome expectation and job stress, while job stress impacted life satisfaction only via job satisfaction. Implications of the findings for future research and suggestions to promote job and life satisfaction in teachers are discussed.

With significant advances in genomic technologies over recent years, Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has become an important tool not only for gene discovery and research but also for clinical genetic diagnosis of rare disorders and single-gene-disorder analysis. Many hundreds of single-gene disorders have been described that can manifest prenatally and will comprise a large portion of undiagnosed, chromosomally normal cases but underlying cause of the abnormality still remains unknown for the large majority of cases with an abnormal ultrasound. However, there has been little experience and study in using trio whole exome sequencing (WES) for prenatal diagnosis. In this report the NGS method was applied for the prenatal genetic diagnosis of unidentified life-threatening phenotype in one family and confirmed the pattern of inheritance of titinopathy as well as two novel TTNgene variations. The report presented in these pages offers a unique and valuable perspective on relevance and feasibility of NGS in prenatal diagnosis field.

We examined sex, socioeconomic status (SES), classism, modern sexism, and locus of control as uniquely contributing factors to college students’ career decision self-efficacy. A total of 139 college students participated in the survey, and the hypothesis was tested with hierarchical regression. Results revealed that (a) sex and SES do not significantly contribute to classism and modern sexism to college students’ career decision self-efficacy and (b) classism and modern sexism, internality and luck uniquely contributed to college students’ career decision self-efficacy above and beyond the variances accounted for sex and SES. Results indicate the importance of classism and modern sexism over actual sex and SES in predicting college students’ career decision self-efficacy.

Cell-free nucleic acids (cf-NAs) originate in trophoblasts and are detected in the maternal plasma. Using innovative bioinformatic technologies such...

Preeclampsia (PE) is a disorder specific to pregnancy characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. There is no definite treatment for PE except delivery of the placenta. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the biological pathways involved in the development of PE and to discover a novel biomarker for PE by performing global gene expression analysis of amniotic fluid cell-free RNA. The participants were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of CHA Gangnam Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) between March 2014 and February 2015. Eight samples were collected from 8 subjects at second trimester who were later diagnosed with PE. From the amniotic fluid samples, cell-free RNA extraction was performed and gene expression was analyzed using the GeneChip PrimeView Array. Transcriptome data previously analyzed by our group from 9 euploid mid-trimester amniotic fluid samples were used as the control for comparative analysis. Functional analysis of the probe sets was performed using the online Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) toolkit 6.7. We identified 1841 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the PE group and the control. Of these, 1557 genes were upregulated in the PE group, while 284 genes were upregulated in the control. The functional annotation of DEGs identified specific enriched functions such as “transport,” “signal transduction,” and “stress response.” Functional annotation clustering with enriched genes in the PE group revealed that translation-related genes, cell–cell adhesion genes, and immune-related genes were enriched. KEGG pathway analysis showed that several biological pathways, including the ribosome pathway and various immune pathways, were dysregulated. Several genes, including RPS29, IGF-2, and UBC, were significantly upregulated in PE, up to tenfold. This study provides the first genome-wide expression analysis of amniotic fluid cell-free RNA in PE. The results showed that gene expression involving the ribosome pathway and immunologic pathways are dysregulated in PE. Our results will aid in understanding the underlying pathogenesis of PE.

The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-cultural validity of the effects of attachment, career-choice pessimism, and intrinsic motivation on career adaptability (CA) in American ( n = 198) and Korean ( n = 294) college students. We hypothesized that the association between attachment and CA is sequentially mediated by career-choice pessimism and intrinsic motivation in both samples, and the results supported the hypothesized multilevel model. These results have important implications for practice to promote CA for college students across cultures by providing evidence for cross-cultural validation of factors influencing on CA.

Large-scale forces such as globalization and rapid technological progress have decreased work stability and security, with new jobs being rapidly created and long-established lines of work becoming obsolete (Guichard & Dumora, 2008). Consequently, career decision making has become increasingly challenging for students pursuing higher education (Guay, Senecal, Gauthier, & Ferner, 2003). Many college students experience career indecision, often manifested in one or more decision-making difficulties (Guay et al., 2003; Kelly & Lee, 2002). These difficulties increase the risk of academic attrition and failure, maladjustment, and personal distress (Feldt et al., 2010). Decision difficulties are associated with anxiety (Santos, 2001), depression (Saunders, Peterson, Sampson, & Reardon, 2000), and low self-esteem (Gati & Amir, 2010). Researchers and practitioners have focused on identifying specific career decision difficulties (Gati, Krausz, & Osipow, 1996; Gati & Tal, 2008), with the goal of helping students to manage their academic and career decisions more effectively. Researchers have also studied a variety of personal characteristics in relation to career decision difficulties to inform the development of more effective counseling interventions. One approach has been to study personality variables in relation to decision difficulties. An emerging alternative approach is to examine decision-making strategies in relation to decision difficulties. Following these lines of research, we examined the relative influence of resilience and decisionmaking strategies on difficulties experienced at different stages of the career decision-making process.Personality and Career Decision DifficultiesInitial explorations focused on negative personality characteristics in relation to career indecision. Leong and Chervinko (1996) found perfectionism, self-criticism, and fear of commitment to be related to global career indecision. Kelly and Shin (2009) were the first to examine personality in relation to specific decision difficulties, and they found that neuroticism related to a lack of information problems. Extant research indicates that negative personality characteristics are associated with career decision difficulties.More recently, researchers have taken a positive approach by examining personality characteristics that may prevent or ameliorate decision difficulties. For example, Albion and Fogarty (2002) found that individuals with more emotional stability perceive fewer career decision difficulties. The study of positive personality characteristics may enable counselors to develop interventions for career decision difficulties. The challenge is to determine the positive characteristics that have the greatest potential to inform career counselors and to contribute to a broader knowledge of personality functioning.Recent work regarding positive personality has focused on psychological capital, which includes hope, self-efficacy, optimism, and resiliency. Of these characteristics, there is a precedent for studying resilience in relation to decision problems. Resilient individuals tend to be self-disciplined, take responsibility for their successes and failures, and adapt new strategies for dealing with career decision-making tasks (McMahon, 2007). Therefore, we examined resilience as a positive personality characteristic in relation to career decision difficulties.ResilienceResilience denotes the constellation of personality qualities that enables positive adaptation to adversity (Luthar, 2006). Bonanno (2004) described resilience as the ability to maintain equilibrium in the face of unfavorable circumstances. Wagnild and Young (1993) defined resilience as moderating the negative effects of stress and promoting adjustment to challenging circumstances. Resilience promotes initiative and purposeful action (London & Stumpf, 1986). The essence of resilience is the ability to rebound from stress and resume adaptive functioning in the face of challenges (Luthar, 2006). …