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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by long term high-fat and high-fructose diet has led to serious medical problems such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or cirrhosis. NAFLD has related to obesity, insulin resistance or type Ⅱ diabetes induced by western diet. With the increasing the incidence of obesity and NFALD due to western diet consisting of high-fat and high-fructose diets, research of the treatment or prevention of NFALD due to western diets is urgently needed. Atractylodes lancea (AL) is traditional Chinese medicine and has been used for diuretic, sedation or antibacterial effect. To investigate effect of AL on NAFLD rat model induced by high-fat and high fructose diet, present study was performed. To induce NAFLD, wistar rats, which were 9-weeks-old, were fed with 45 kcal% high fat diet and 10% fructose water daily for 16 weeks. The olmesartan and atractylodes lancea were treated by oral administration for 8 weeks every day. The groups were composed of 5 groups; control (CON, n=9) fed with 10 kcal% general diet, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease group (NFD, n=9) induced by 45 kcal% high fat diet and 10% fructose diet, NFD group with 10 mg/kg/day Olmesartan orally (OLM, n=9), NFD group with 100 mg/kg/day AL (ALL, n=9) and NFD group with 200 mg/kg/day AL (ALH, n=9). AL decreased body weight, liver weight and epididymal fat pads weight compared with NFD group induced by high-fat and high fructose diet. In serum biomarkers, glucose level of plasma, triglyceride level and total cholesterol level in plasma were increased in NFD group compared with CON. AL restored the serum biomarkers including glucose, or triglycerides and total cholesterol level in serum. The plasma HDL-Cholesterol level, which was decreased in NFD group, attenuated by AL treatment. The atherogenic coeffient was upregulated by chronic high-fat and high-fructose diet, however, the atherogenic coeffient was significantly restored in AL treatment group. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were significantly deteriorated by long term high-fat and high-fructose diet. However, the GOT and GPT level in serum were alleviated in AL treatment groups. Oil red O staining showed that the lipid accumulation in the liver was increased in NFD group compared with CON. However, the lipid accumulation was restored by AL treatment groups. The fibrosis in liver was deteriorated in NFD induced by chronic high-fat and high fructose diet, however, the AL inhibited collagen deposition in liver. Also, AL suppressed the mRNA expressions of TGF-β, collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅲ in liver compared with NFD group. In liver tissue, the LXR and SREBP-1c mRNA expressions were downregulated in ALH group. Taken together, these results showed that AL could be potential supplements for NAFLD induced by long term high-fat and high-fructose diet by regulating fibrosis and LXR/SREBP-1c signaling pathway in liver. This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (2017R1A5A2015805) (2022R1A6A3A01087272). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

CRS (Cardio-Renal Metabolic Syndrome) refers to a series of entangled metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease and heart failure, and is associated with obesity, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Atractylodes lancea (AL) is the rhizome of Atractylodes. AL has been found to have diuretic, sedation, antibacterial, anticancer effects. Therefore, in this study, confirmed the effect of AL on improving cardiovascular and kidney function in the metabolic syndrome model. In this experiment, HFHFr were provided to rats for 8 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome, and the OMT (10 mg/kg/day) or AL (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) were administered orally for 8 weeks with HFHFr for 8 weeks to confirm its efficacy. Therefore, a total of 16 weeks of experiments were conducted. To compare Cont with HFHFr, MS categorys were measured. As a result, AL confirmed that HFHr decreased BW, fasting glucose, TG, and abdominal circumference, systolic blood pressure, and increased HDL-C. As a result of measuring insulin and performing OGTT to confirm insulin resistance, which is a major symptom of MS, AAL ameliorates increased insulin levels, and AAL2 significantly decreased blood glucose levels over time. As a result of confirming echocardiography for cardiac function diagnosis, ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) levels were lower in metabolic syndrome than in the control group and significantly improved in the AAL administration group. Staining to confirm the effect of the heart on fibrosis confirmed that collagen accumulation and fibrosis were increased in HFHFr, and improved by AAL compared to the control group. Therefore, these findings suggest that AL improves obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure caused by metabolic syndrome, and has a protective effect on heart function decline and fibrosis of the heart and blood vessels. This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (2017R1A5A2015805) (2021R1C1C2095327). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CAEC (Canavalia gladiata arctium lappa extract complex) in adults with white blood cells between 3 and 8 × 103 cells/µL by assessing natural killer (NK) cell activity and immune-related biomarkers. Overall, 100 participants (CAEC group = 50, placebo group = 50) were randomised, and administered CAEC or placebo once daily for 8 weeks, with an evaluation visit performed every 4 weeks. NK cell activity, the primary outcome, significantly increased in CAEC when compared with the placebo at effector-to-target (E:T) ratios of 25:1 and 50:1 after 8 weeks. Compared with the placebo group, IL-10 demonstrated significant differences at week 8 in the CAEC group. Our findings demonstrate that CAEC is safe and enhances immune function by stimulating NK cell activity through IL-10 expression. Hence, we anticipate that CAEC can be developed as a functional food for stimulating immunity.

Purpose: In this study self-efficacy, emotional labor, pediatric nurse-parent partnership and job stress of pediatric nurses were examined. Factors affecting job stress of pediatric nurses were also investigated. Methods: The study was done between June and September 2014, with a convenience sample of 145 nurses from 3 advanced general hospitals, 5 general hospitals and 2 children’s hospitals. Research data were collected via questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 18.0. Results: Average levels of self-efficacy, emotional labor and job stress were similar to other general nurses and the average level of pediatric nurse-parent partnership was also similar to other pediatric nurses. Job stress of pediatric nurses showed a positive correlation with emotional labor and negative correlations with self-efficacy and pediatric nurse-parent partnership. The most significant factor affecting job stress in pediatric nurses was emotional labor (β = 0.372, p < .001). The combination of emotional labor, pediatric nurse-parent partnership and self-efficacy accounted for 25.4% of job stress in pediatric nurses. Conclusion: These results suggest that nursing management strategies to decrease emotional labor and improve pediatric nurse-parent partnerships and self-efficacy are critical to decrease job stress for pediatric nurses. Continued development of nursing management interventions to decrease job stress in pediatric nurses is suggested.

This study was performed to develop an infection prevention education program for child care teachers and to verify its effects.The study was conducted using a nonequivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design. Four private daycare centers (2 centers per city) that were alike in terms of the number of children by age, number of child care teachers, and child care environment were chosen. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=20) or control group (n=20). As a part of the program, visiting education (90 min) was provided in the 1st week, and smartphone application education (10 min) was provided thrice a week, in the 2nd and 3rd weeks.Child care teachers' self-efficacy for infection prevention revealed a significant interaction effect between the group and time of measurement (F=21.62, p.001). In terms of infection prevention behavior, a significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups (z=-5.36, p.001).The program implemented in this study was effective in improving the infection prevention self-efficacy and infection prevention behavior of child care teachers. Thus, this program may be effective in enhancing their infection control.

The educational system has been changed owing to Web, which is most actively used on internet and has the characteristics of providing suitable environments for implementing constructivism study theory. WBI(Web Based Instruction), web-mediated teaching form for students at a long distance, has the advantages of possible interact between instructors and learners, offering a great variety of learning materials, and overcome the spatiotemporal restriction. This paper focuces on the construction of learning surroundings where the learner-centered, active learning can be done by design and Implementation of web based instruct system providing a sham examination with an item pool system. The web based Self-directed Learning system for word processor qualifying exams on this paper, can be mentioned as a real item pool that the question is not setting each time by the instructors but can be reused by reference on item pool bank, designed the number of question. It helps the learner Self-directed Learning study with evaluation during the web based instruct process and immediate feedback. It also provides the chance to research some similar using keyword. To sum up, this system can amplify the efficiency of study.

The separation of two amino acids, phenylalanine and tryptophan, was carried out using laboratory simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography. The SMB process consisted of four zones, with each zone having 2 columns. The triangle theory was used to obtain the operating conditions for the SMB. The mass transfer coefficients of the two amino acids were obtained from the best-fit values by comparing simulated and experimental pulse data. The competitive adsorption isotherms of the two amino acids were obtained by single and binary frontal analyses, taking into consideration the competition between the two components. A competitive Langmuir isotherm, obtained from single-component frontal chromatography, was used in the first run, and the isotherm from binary frontal chromatography in the second, with the flow rate of zone I modified to improve the purity. Compared to the first and second runs, the competitive Langmuir isotherm from the binary frontal chromatography showed good agreement with the experimental results. Also, adjusting the flow rate in zone I increased the purity of the products. The purities of the phenylalanine in the raffinate and the tryptophan in the extract were 99.84 and 99.99%, respectively.

Continuous production of lactic acid from glucose by Lactobacillus rhamnosus with cell recycling using an acoustic cell settler was carried out. The performance of the system, such as the concentration of cell and product were compared with the control experiment without recycling. The acoustic settler showed cell separation efficiency of 67 during the continuous operation and the cell concentration in the fermentor with recycle exceeded that of the control by 29. Com- pared with the control, lactic acid production was increased by 40, while glucose consumption was only increased by 8. The higher value of lactic acid production to substrate consumption (Y P/S , product yield coefficient) achieved by cell recycling is interpreted to indicate that the recy- cled cell mass consumes less substrate to produce the same amount of product than the control. Within system environmental changes due to the longer mean cell residence time induced the cells maintaining the metabolic pathways to produce less by-product but more product, lactic acid.

Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All mycobacteriophages characterized to date are dsDNA tailed phages, and have either siphoviral or myoviral morphotypes. However, their genetic diversity is considerable, and although sixty-two genomes have been sequenced and comparatively analyzed, these likely represent only a small portion of the diversity of the mycobacteriophage population at large. Here we report the isolation, sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 18 new mycobacteriophages isolated from geographically distinct locations within the United States. Although no clear correlation between location and genome type can be discerned, these genomes expand our knowledge of mycobacteriophage diversity and enhance our understanding of the roles of mobile elements in viral evolution. Expansion of the number of mycobacteriophages grouped within Cluster A provides insights into the basis of immune specificity in these temperate phages, and we also describe a novel example of apparent immunity theft. The isolation and genomic analysis of bacteriophages by freshman college students provides an example of an authentic research experience for novice scientists.