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The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional interaction of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract (GGRE) on the large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels expressed in the peripheral nervous system by using nociception and inflammation models in rodents in vivo. Besides toxicity studies and open field tests, nociception and inflammation tests were performed on rodents. Different doses of GGRE were given orally to rats and mice. Naloxone, indomethacin, morphine, NS1619 and iberiotoxin (IbTX) were administered. GGRE had both anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity in rats and mice. GGRE exhibited an analgesic effect by decreasing the time-course of the pain threshold or reaction time in some nociceptive tests. Furthermore, GGRE reduced level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. As a conclusion, GGRE can alleviate the pain sensation of the afferent nerves and can reduce inflammation and associated pain by activating BKCa channels and reducing the levels of TNF-alpha, IL1 beta. Resumen:El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la interacción funcional del extracto de raíz de Glycyrrhiza glabra(GGRE) en los canales de K+(BKCa) activados por Ca2+de gran conductancia expresados en el sistema nervioso periférico mediante el uso de modelos de nocicepción e inflamación en roedores in vivo. Además de los estudios de toxicidad y las pruebas de campo abierto, se realizaron pruebas de nocicepción e inflamación en roedores. Se administraron por vía oral diferentes dosis de GGRE a ratas y ratones. Se administraron naloxona, indometacina, morfina, NS1619 e iberiotoxina (IbTX). GGRE tenía actividad tanto antinociceptiva como antiinflamatoria en ratas y ratones. GGRE mostró un efecto analgésico al disminuir la evolución temporal del umbral del dolor o el tiempo de reacción en algunas pruebas nociceptivas. Además, GGRE redujo el nivel de citocinas proinflamatorias, incluidas TNF-α e IL-1β. Como conclusión, GGRE puede aliviar la sensación de dolor de los nervios aferentes y puede reducir la inflamación y el dolor asociado activando los canales BKCa y reduciendo los niveles de TNF-α, IL1β.

In present study, DNAprotection, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of Teucrium multicauleMontbret Et Aucher Ex Bentham methanol extract (TME) was investigated.Cytotoxic effects and antioxidant activities of TME was determined by MTT andDPPH scavenging and DNA protection methods. As a result, high dose of TMEexhibited a cytotoxic effect on murine L cells. Although, TME also showed astrong antimutagenic activity in DNA protection test system, it exhibitedmodest activity in DPPH test system. Consequently, it may be used as naturalagent for antioxidant and antimutagenic properties.

Medicinalproperties of Vincetoxicum genus havebeen known for a long time. Leaves, dry seeds, and rhizomes of some Vincetoxicum species have been used infolk medicine for the treatment of injuries, scabies, neurosis, scrofula,malaria, wound, fever, rupture, and external cancers. The present study focusedon evaluating anti(myco)bacterial, antifungal, and antiproliferative activitiesof seeds of V. canescens subsp. canescens and V. cancescens subsp. pedunculata(endemic). Ethanol and hexane extracts of seeds of two plants were testedagainst three fungalstrains (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida glabrata), two Gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillussubtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), three Gram-negative bacterialstrains (Aeromonas hydrophila,Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using broth microdilution method.Fluconazole, Ethambutol, Ampicillin, and Isoniazid were used as reference drugs.Antiproliferative effects of various concentrations (200, 100, 50, and 25μg/mL) of ethanol and hexane extracts were tested against A549 human lungcancer cell lines using MTT test. The ethanol extracts were found to be moreeffective against A. baumannii (62.5µg/mL MIC value) than Ampicillin (125 µg/mL MIC value). Against A549 human lungcancer cell lines, 100 µg/mL concentration of ethanol extract of V. canescens subsp. canescens seeds and 200 µg/mL concentration of ethanol extract of V. cancescens subsp. pedunculata seeds were exhibitedstatistically lower cell viability levels than control groups (P, Vincetoxicum cinsinin tıbbi özellikleri uzun zamandır bilinmektedir.Bazı Vincetoxicum türlerininyaprakları, kuru tohumları ve rizomları geleneksel tıpta incinme, uyuz, nevroz,skrofula, sıtma, yara, ateş, rüptür ve eksternal kanserlerin tedavisindekullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, V.canescens subsp. canescens ve V. cancescens subsp. pedunculata (endemik) tohumlarınınanti(miko)bakteriyel, antifungal ve antiproliferatif aktivitelerinideğerlendirmeye odaklanmıştır. İki bitkinin tohumlarının etanol ve hekzanekstreleri üç fungal suşa (Candida albicans,Candida tropicalis ve Candida glabrata), iki Gram-pozitif bakterisuşuna (Bacillus subtilis veStaphylococcus aureus), üç Gram-negatif bakteri suşuna (Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli veAcinetobacter baumannii) ve Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv suşunakarşı Sıvı Mikrodilüsyon Yöntemi kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Referans ilaçlarolarak Flukonazol, Etambutol, Ampisilin ve İzoniazid kullanılmıştır. Etanol vehekzan ekstrelerinin farklı konsantrasyonlarının (200, 100, 50 ve 25 μg/mL)antiproliferatif etkileri MTT testi kullanılarak A549 insan akciğer kanserihücre dizilerine karşı test edilmiştir. Etanol ekstrelerinin A. baumannii'ye (62.5 μg/mL MİK değeri)karşı Ampisilin'den (125 μg/mL MİK değeri) daha etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. A549insan akciğer kanseri hücre dizilerine karşı V. canescens subsp. canescenstohumlarının etanol ekstresinin 100 µg/mL konsantrasyonu ve V. cancescens subsp. pedunculata tohumlarının etanol ekstresinin200 μg/mL konsantrasyonu, kontrol gruplarına göre istatistiksel olarak dahadüşük hücre canlılık seviyeleri sergilemiştir (P

To determine the roles of hepcidin and its related genes in a renal ischemia/reperfusion model. Materials and methods: A total of 20 Wistar albino rats were equally divided into 2 groups: Group I was the control group and Group II was the ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) group (60 min of ischemia + 48 h of reperfusion). I/R was performed on the left kidneys of these rats and then the I/R-treated kidneys were removed. The levels of serum biochemical markers were evaluated after renal I/R. The expression levels of hepcidin-linked genes [growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), and hemojuvelin (HJV)] were also measured by RT-PCR technique. In addition, the tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Results: No significant association was found between renal dysfunction and I/R when compared to biochemical parameters (P > 0.05). However, differences in platelet values were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Expression levels of GDF-15, BMP6, and HJV genes increased, but this increase was not statistically significant. In addition, histopathological evaluation was performed using hematoxylin and eosin stain. This showed a significant relationship between the control group and I/R group for ischemic and nonischemic kidney scoring. Conclusion: Hepcidin and BMP6, HJV, and GDF-15 should be taken into account when investigating the process of I/R.

Bu çalışmada, Gaziantep ilinde doğal olarak yetişen Lamiaceae familyasına ait Ajuga chamaepitys, Lallemantia iberica, Lamium amplexicaule, Marrubium parviflorum, Mentha pulegium, Moluccella laevis, Phlomis armeniaca, Salvia multicaulis, Salvia palaestina, Salvia syriaca, Satureja aintabensis, Scutellaria tomentosa, Teucrium polium ve Ziziphora capitata türlerinin metanol, n-hekzan ve uçucu yağ özütlerinin in vitro antioksidan aktiviteleri DPPH, ABTS, demir indirgeme gücü, metal şelatlama, ß-karoten/linoleik asit ve DNA koruma deneyleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda bitkiler arasında en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye T. polium'a ait metanol özütünün sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir (p

This study was designated to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity of MeOH extracts of Allium tuncelianum and to determined total phenolic content (TPC) of MeOH extract of this plant. The sample was subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl1-picriylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. The MeOH extract was found to posses weak antioxidant activity. In the case of linoleic acid system, oxidation of the linoleic acid was moderately inhibited by the methanol extract (51.1 ± 5.5 %). Also, in the MeOH extract of A. tuncelianum, we have determined TPC in value of 4.8 ± 1.30 mg/g. Our results showed that MeOH extract of A. tuncelianum was exhibited more weak antioxidant activity than the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), curcumin, and ascorbic acid

Bu çalışma Türkiye florası'na endemik Salvia verticillata subsp. verticillata, S.verticillata subsp. amasiaca, S. euphratica var. euphratica ve S. euphratica var.leiocalycina'nın hekzan (HE), diklorometan (DCM), metanol (MeOH)özütleri ve uçucu yağlarının in vitro antioksidan aktivitelerini çalışmak içintasarlandı. Bitkilerin antioksidan aktiviteleri, DPPH ve ß-Karoten/linoleikasit adı verilen iki tamamlayıcı test sistemi kullanılarak değerlendirildi.DPPH test sisteminde en yüksek aktiviteyi S. euphratica var. leiocalycina'nınMeOH özütü sergiledi (IC50 değeri 11.4 ?g/ml). ß-karoten/linoleik asit testsisteminde ise en yüksek aktivite S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca'nın MeOHözütünden elde edildi (%58.7). S. euphratica varyetelerinden ayrıca sudistilasyonu yolu ile uçucu yağ elde edildi. S. euphratica var. leiocalycinayağının ana bileşenleri trans-pinocarvil asetat (% 24.9) ve mirtenil asetat(%15.2) olarak tespit edilirken, ökaliptol (% 18.4) ve nopinon + transPinokarveol(%14.4) var. euphratica için ana bileşenler olmuştur. S.verticillata'dan uçucu yağ elde edilemedi. S. eupratica'dan elde edilenler isekayda değer aktivite göstermedi.Anahtar Kelimeler: Salvia verticillata subsp. verticillata, S. verticillata subsp.amasiaca, S. euphratica var. euphratica, S. euphratica var. leiocalycina,antioksidan aktivite, BHT, uçucu yağ, GC-MS. The study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the hexane(He), dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts and essentialoils of Salvia verticillata subsp. verticillata, S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca, S.euphratica var. euphratica and S. euphratica var. leiocalycina which areendemic for Turkish flora. The oils and extracts were screened for theirpossible antioxidant activities by two complementary test systems namelyDPPH free radical scavenging and ß-carotene/linoleic acid systems. In thecase of DPPH test system, MeOH extract of S. euphratica var. leiocalycinaexerted the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 value is 11.4 ?g/ml). In thelatter case, the highest activity was exhibited by the MeOH extract of S.verticillata subsp. amasiaca with a percentage of 58.7%. On the other hand,esential oils were isolated from the varieties of S. euphratica byhydrodistillation. Major oil components were determined as trans-pinocarvylacetate (24.9%) and myrtenyl acetate (15.2%) for var. leiocalycina, whilethey were eucalyptol (% 18.4) and nopinon + trans-pinocarveol (%14.4) forvar. euphratica. It was essential oil that not obtained from S. verticillata.Essential oil obtained from S. eupratica did not show remarkable antioxidantactivity.Keywords: Salvia verticillata subsp. verticillata, S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca,S. euphratica var. euphratica, S. euphratica var. leiocalycina, antioxidantactivitiy, BHT, essential oil, GC-MS. 55