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The synergy between an asymmetric Fe–O–Al motif for methane activation and a symmetric Fe–O–Fe motif for oxygen supply enables enhanced methane-to-syngas performance.

Atrioventricular block (AVB), caused by impairment in the heart conduction system, presents extreme diversity and is associated with other complications. Only half of AVB patients require a permanent pacemaker, and the process determining the pacemaker implantation is associated with an increase in cost and patient morbidity and mortality. Thus, there is a need for models capable of accurately identifying transient or reversible causes for conduction disturbances and predicting the patient risks and the necessity of a pacemaker. Deep learning (DL) is brought to the forefront due to its prediction accuracy, and the DL-based electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis can be a breakthrough to analyze a massive amount of data. However, the current DL models are unsuitable for AVB-ECG, where the P waves are decoupled from the QRS/T waves, and a black-box nature of the DL-based model lowers the credibility of prediction models to physicians. Here, we present a real-time-capable DL-based algorithm that can identify AVB-ECG waves and automate AVB phenotyping for arrhythmogenic risk assessment. Our algorithm can analyze unformatted ECG records with abnormal patterns by integrating the two representative DL algorithms: convolutional neural networks (CNN) and recurrent neural networks (RNN). This hybrid CNN/RNN network can memorize local patterns, spatial hierarchies, and long-range temporal dependencies of ECG signals. Furthermore, by integrating parameters derived from dimension reduction analysis and heart rate variability into the hybrid layers, the algorithm can capture the P/QRS/T-specific morphological and temporal features in ECG waveforms. We evaluated the algorithm using the six AVB porcine models, where TBX18, a pacemaker transcription factor, was transduced into the ventricular myocardium to form a biological pacemaker, and an additional electronic pacemaker was transplanted as a backup pacemaker. We achieved high sensitivity (95% true positive rate) and quantified the potential risks of various pathological ECG patterns. This study may be a starting point in conducting both retrospective and prospective patient studies and will help physicians understand its decision-making workflow and find the incorrect recommendations for AVB patients.

Objectives: By using DTI image segmentation algorithm investigate the effect of large plants Rhodiola injection on myocardial injury in patients with acute severe CO poisoning (ACOP), and to explore the clinical and CT delayed encephalopathy after ACOP. Methods: Seventy-two ACOP patients were randomly divided into control and observation group, 36 cases in each group from December 2015 – December 2017. The control group received hyperbaric oxygen, mannitol, dexamethasone, citicoline injection, gangliosides, dracone; observation group were large strain Rhodiola injection treatment group based on the once daily for two weeks of continuous treatment. The head CT, head MRI results were analyzed retrospectively. Results: (1) hsCRP and ET-1 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and VEGF was significantly higher than that in the control group (P

Bacillus subtilis 1JN2 can serve as an effective biocontrol agent against Ralstonia wilt on tomato, but the efficiency of control depends on the levels of heavy metals in the rhizosphere soil. Here, we investigated how the heavy metal Cd2+ affects the biocontrol efficacy of B.subtilis 1JN2 on Ralstonia wilt. We found that low Cd2+ content of 2 mM or lower had no effects on the biofilm formation of 1JN2, while media containing 3 mM or higher Cd2+ levels inhibited biofilm formation. Interestingly, high concentration of Cd2+ (5 mM) showed inhibition of B.subtilis 1JN2 cell growth. We next tested the effects of Cd2+ on the colonization of 1JN2 by supplementing artificial Cd2+ in the tomato rhizosphere in a greenhouse setting. We found that 3 mM Cd2+ in the tomato rhizosphere inhibited the colonization of B.subtilis 1JN2, Only 103 CFU/mL 1JN2 was detected one week post treated with 107 CFU/mL but 105 CFU/mL could be detected without Cd2+ in the soil. The presence of Cd2+ had no effect on the colonization of Ralstonia solanacearum on tomato, but the biocontrol efficacy against Ralstonia wilt by 1JN2 decreased 54.2% when the soil contained 3 mM Cd2+ compared to the control without Cd2+. Taken together, we found that the failure of biofilm formation of Bacillus subtilis 1JN2 that affected by Cd2+ lead to the decrease of its biocontrol efficacy against Ralstonia wilt on tomato.

With the continuous development of the smart grid, the electrified work in the substation is becoming more and more important and urgent. According to the special working condition of live working, a hydraulic system suitable for the live overhaul robot in substation is designed, and the system reliability is analyzed.

It is difficult for high-carbon quenched steel to deform plastically at room temperature;this has been attributed to the composition (high carbon content) and microstructure (martensite without plasticity), but the geometric scale of the sample has not previously been considered. In the present study, a quenched 9SiCr steel with an initial thickness of 400 mm was micro-rolled at room temperature in order to understand the size effects. It was found that the extensibility of the test steel was over 200%, and the hardness was 39% higher than that of the as-quenched steel. Additional research was performed to explore these novel findings. We found that the transverse compressive stress was increased by negative-roll-gap rolling, while the longitudinal and vertical compressive stresses were also increased because of the increase in contact surface area per unit volume;consequently, the hydrostatic stress also increased. These above factors are helpful to prevent edge-cracking and the formation of split ends in rolled products, and they also inhibit the generation and expansion of internal defects;hence the plasticity is improved. We refer to the above effects, which can be explained by conventional theories, as first-order size effects. However, once dislocations and voids arrive on the surfaces of the sample, they can be released and disappear, causing the plasticity to improve even more than usual when the specific surface area becomes very large. A ultrathin rolled product with a large specific surface area cannot be regarded as an ideal homogeneous, continuous, isotropic material. The surface effects of the thin-rolled product are referred to as second-order size effects. These results indicate that the traditional assumption that high-carbon martensite must have extremely low plasticity is no longer valid in the case of ultrathin rolled products, whose mechanical characteristics and physical essence can be understood only by considering two distinct orders of size effects.

Background/Aim: To assess the association between air pollution (NO2 and PM2.5) and all-cause mortality for participants who resided in the Sydney Metropolitan region of the 45 and Up Study. Method...

Bacillus subtilis 1JN2 can serve as an effective biocontrol agent against Ralstonia wilt on tomato, but the efficiency of control depends on the levels of heavy metals in the rhizosphere soil. Here, we investigated how the heavy metal Cd

This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA-219-5p (miR-219-5p) in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) caused by acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning, and its correlation with Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4). Luciferase reporter assay was used to investigate in vitro the correlation of miR-219-5p with TLR4. Serum miR-219-5p levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of TLR4, IL-1β, and TNF-α were measured by Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). ROC analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic significance, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic value of miR-219-5p in MODS patients. TLR4 was a target gene of miR-219-5p and was increased in MODS patients. Serum miR-219-5p level was decreased and negatively correlated with TLR4 level in MODS patients ( r = −0.660, P < 0.001), which had important diagnostic value and negatively correlated with APACHE II score in MODS patients. The miR-219-5p expression was markedly associated with the WBC, ALT, AST, PaCO2, Lac, and APACHE II score. Non-survivals had more patients with low miR-219-5p expression. Patients with low miR-219-5p expression had shorter survival time. MiR-219-5p and APACHE II score were two independently prognostic factors for 28-day survival. MiR-219-5p was negatively correlated with, while TLR4 was positively correlated with the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. The serum miR-219-5p level may be a potential biomarker for acute PQ-induced MODS diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, miR-219-5p may be associated with the progression of MODS by regulating TLR4-related inflammatory response.

The projected increase in the use of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) motivates the development of methods to manage consumer exposure to mercury and its environmental release at the end of lamp life. This work characterizes the time-resolved release of mercury vapor from broken CFLs and from underlying substrates after removal of glass fragments to simulate cleanup. In new lamps, mercury vapor is released gradually in amounts that reach 1.3 mg or 30% of the total lamp inventory after four days. Similar time profiles but smaller amounts are released from spent lamps or from underlying substrates. Nanoscale formulations of S, Se, Cu, Ni, Zn, Ag, and WS2 are evaluated for capture of Hg vapor under these conditions and compared to conventional microscale formulations. Adsorption capacities range over 7 orders of magnitude, from 0.005 (Zn micropowder) to 188 000 μg/g (unstabilized nano-Se), depending on sorbent chemistry and particle size. Nanosynthesis offers clear advantages for most sorbent chemistries. Unstabilized nano-selenium in two forms (dry powder and impregnated cloth) was successfully used in a proof-of-principle test for the in situ, real-time suppression of Hg vapor escape following CFL fracture., A range of nanomaterials are synthesized and evaluated as sorbents for suppressing mercury vapor release to the atmosphere or to indoor air from fluorescent lamps following accidental breakage

A set of carbon materials was treated by a choice of common oxidizers to investigate the mercury capture capacities at varying temperature conditions. It was found that ozone treatment dramatically increases the mercury capture capacity of carbon surfaces by factors up to 134, but the activity is easily destroyed by exposure to the atmosphere, to water vapor, or by mild heating. Freshly ozone-treated carbon surfaces are shown to oxidize iodide to iodine in solution and this ability fades with aging. FTIR analysis shows broad C-O stretch features from 950 to 1300 cm(-1), which decay upon atmospheric exposure and are similar to the C-O-C asymmetric stretch features of ethylene secondary ozonide. The combined results suggest that the ultra-high mercury capture efficiency is due to a subset of labile C-O functional groups with residual oxidizing power that are likely epoxides or (epoxide-containing) secondary ozonides. The results open the possibility for in situ ozonolysis to create high-performance carbon-based Hg sorbents.

Four high-aspect-ratio carbon nanomaterials were fabricated by template-directed liquid crystal assembly and covalent capture. By selecting from two different liquid crystal precursors (thermotropic AR mesophase, and lyotropic indanthrone disulfonate) and two different nanochannel template wall materials (alumina and pyrolytic carbon) both the shape of the nanocarbon and the graphene layer arrangement can be systematically engineered. The combination of AR mesophase and alumina channel walls gives platelet-symmetry nanofibers, whose basic crystal symmetry is maintained and perfected upon heat treatment at 2500 °C. In contrast, AR infiltration into carbon-lined nanochannels produces unique C/C-composite nanofibers whose graphene planes lie parallel to the fiber axis. The transverse section of these composite nanofibers shows a planar polar structure with line defects, whose existence had been previously predicted from liquid crystal theory. Use of solvated AR fractions or indanthrone disulfonate produces platelet-symmetry tubes, which are either cellular or fully hollow depending on solution concentration. The use of barium salt solutions to force precipitation of indanthrone disulfonate within the nanochannels yields continuous nanoribbons rather than tubes. Overall the results demonstrate that liquid crystal synthesis routes provide molecular control over graphene layer alignment in nanocarbons with a power and flexibility that rivals the much better known catalytic routes.

This article demonstrates techniques for fabricating novel organic and carbon films, in which liquid crystal surface anchoring and flow are exploited to precisely control molecular structure (in organic films) or crystal structure (in carbon films). Surface anchoring states were first measured for AR mesophase on spin-coatable organic resins, including commercial polyimide and photoresist. These results were used to develop a lithographic technique for ordering AR surfaces in preprogrammed orientational micropatterns. AR was also processed into radial or star symmetry films by forced spreading combined with edge-on anchoring templates. Additional thin films were prepared from alternative liquid crystalline precursors composed of sulfonated polyaromatic dyes. These disk-like planar molecules undergo massive π-stacking in aqueous solution to form rod-like aggregates. At high concentrations or on surfaces, these rods or molecular columns align by repulsive interactions (lyotropic behavior), giving raise to a transverse alignment of the stacked polyaromatic disks. Here the lyotropic dye indanthrone disulfonate is used to make fully dense ordered carbon films by spin coating or Meyer-bar coating thin films on quartz followed by direct carbonization (without oxidative stabilization). These films exhibit surfaces rich in graphene edge-sites and are either anisotropic unidirectional (by bar coating) or multi-domain with long-range isotropy (by spin coating).

Ozone treatment of fly ash carbon has recently been reported to inhibit the adsorption of commercial surfactants in concrete paste, thus mitigating the known negative effects of carbon on ash utilization. This paper examines the general mechanism of surfactant adsorption on carbon and its suppression by surface oxidation. Experimental results are presented for two carbon types (carbon black, fly ash carbon), both raw and surface oxidized (by ozone and molecular oxygen) and several commercial anionic and non-ionic surfactants (Darex II, SDS, Tergitol). The treated carbon surfaces were characterized with XPS, FT-IR, thermal desorption in N2 and H2/He, surface acidity, hygroscopic behavior, interfacial energy and its components through contact angle measurement involving standard liquid probes. Surface oxidation is found to decrease surfactant adsorption in each of the carbon/oxidant/surfactant systems examined, and its effect correlates with the amount of surface oxides by XPS. The combined results suggest that surfactant adsorption primarily occurs on non-polar carbon surface patches where it is driven by hydrophobic interactions. The main mechanism of oxidative suppression is the destruction of this non-polar surface, though micropore blockage and increased negative surface charge may also contribute for some systems.

China, the world's biggest energy consumer, is now facing a severe challenge in energy supplies. While industrial production contribute most of the energy consumption and pollution in China, it is necessary to optimize its energy management. This paper will focus on energy consumption management of industrial enterprise and build a simulation model using system dynamics. A case study will be introduced and conclusion will be given.

Fly ash from pulverized solid fuel combustion can become contaminated by ammonia during selective catalytic/noncatalytic NOx reduction processes and/or electrostatic precipitator conditioning, resulting in problems with the commercial handling, disposal, and utilization of ash. The present paper investigates the chemistry of a class of postcombustion ammonia removal processes that operate near room temperature and in the dry or semi-dry state. Laboratory experiments are carried out in which ammonia is liberated from fly ash through introduction of controlled amounts of water to the interparticle spaces using static humid air, flowing humid air, and/or flowing fog (water aerosol). Additional experiments explore the possibility of destroying ammonia using ozone as a low-temperature oxidant under both dry and wet conditions, alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide.

Research on pulverized fuel burnout mechanisms derives its primary motivation from industrial problems with the utilization of high-carbon fly ash. The severity of these problems depends on residual carbon properties , but combustion research has focused almost exclusively on the degree of burnout, which determines only the amount of residual carbon. This paper presents measurements of three important residual carbon properties: reactivity, surface area, and adsorptivity toward surfactants, the latter property being the most critical for ash quality in many concrete applications. The paper investigates the independent effects of fuel type and combustion conditions by analyzing samples derived from bench, pilot, and commercial scale combustion processes. Residual carbon surface area is observed to be strongly dependent on parent fuel type ranging from about 1 m 2 /g for petroleum coke residues to values up to 400 m 2 /g for low-rank coal residues. Surfactant adsorptivity also varies strongly with parent fuel and shows the best correlation with residual carbon surface area in pores larger than 2 nm, likely because of the large size of surfactant molecules and slow liquid-phase diffusion. The surfactant adsorptivity is also sensitive to the presence of carbon surface oxides introduced by low-temperature oxidation using air or ozone. The data clearly indicate that oxides suppress adsorptivity, and that the underlying mechanism is an increase in carbon surface polarity and hydrophilicity. Controlled pilot-scale experiments show that air staging for NO x control often produces residual carbon with a high adsorptivity, even when adsorptivity is expressed per gram of carbon. Successful staging conditions that lead both to low-NO x and high burnout are observed to produce residual carbons with lower specific surface area and adsorptivity, so poor carbon quality is not an intrinsic feature of all low-NO x flames.

1 Brown University, Providence RI, 2 Electric Power Research Institute, 3 PCI-WedecoKEYWORDS: concrete, beneficiation, LOI, air entrainmentINTRODUCTIONA practical problem with fly ash concrete is the tendency of residual carbon in ash tointerfere with the air entrainment process. Porous carbon adsorbs the chemicalsurfactants (air entraining admixtures, or AEAs) used to generate and stabilize a micro-void system in concrete pastes, as shown by Helmuth (1987), Freeman et al. (1997),and Hill et al. (1997). Without a sufficient network of sub-millimeter air bubbles,concrete fails under internal pressure generated by the freezing and expansion oftrapped residual water. About two-thirds of the concrete in North America is airentrained (Dolch, 1995), and this surfactant adsorption phenomenon is the primarydriving force for national and regional regulations limiting the carbon content of ashused in concrete. Recent work by Freeman et al. (1997), Gao et al. (1998), and Yu etal. (2000) clearly demonstrate great variability in the extent to which field ash samplesadsorb AEAs. This recent work has identified the following four primary factorsgoverning ash adsorptivity:1. the mass fraction carbon2. the total surface area of the carbon3. the accessibility of that surface, as governed by particle size and pore size distribution4. the carbon surface chemistry.The inorganic fraction of ash is found to play a minor role in AEA adsorption.The role of carbon surface chemistry is particularly apparent from the behavior of ashduring thermal oxidation in air. Introduction of surface oxides by exposure to air at 350-450 C has been observed by Hachmann et al (1998) to significantly reduce subsequentAEA adsorption without consuming a measurable amount of carbon. In contrast,treatment in inert gas at temperatures sufficient to drive-off many pre-existing surfaceoxides (900 o C) has been observed to

Eight commercial fly ash samples including two from petroleum coke/coal co-firing were characterized to determine the origin, structure, and properties of the unburned carbon. Because of its relevance to ash utilization, the characterization included measurements of adsorptivity toward concrete surfactants, and its dependence on carbon form, particle size, and contact time. The coal/coke co-firing ashes are observed to possess unique optical and adsorptive properties which are related to the size, density, and internal porosity of the coke-derived residual char.

This paper outlines an optimization calculation procedure used for a bundled conductor configuration of compact transmission lines to improve certain operating performance and electromagnetic fields (EMF) management techniques. The objective function of this optimization problem is to allow the charges and surface maximum gradients on all subconductors to be the same and as balanced as possible. As a result, three optimum schemes are induced in this paper for 200 KV transmission lines. The parameters of compact lines and their unbalance, surge impedance, electric field distribution under the line, corona loss and radio noise level are also evaluated. Electromagnetic field management and field minimization over the right-of-way of the optimum schemes are also presented. EMF fields are analyzed, evaluated and compared to attainable fields of standard compact and conventional lines.

Most kinetic studies of pulverized coal char combustion have focused on the measurement or prediction of rates of solid-phase mass loss, which determine the ultimate degree of conversion of the solid fuel for a given residence time and gas environment. The strongest motivation for improving the degree of conversion in practical coal combustion systems, however, is not related to the mass of residual carbon, but to its detrimental behavior in concrete mixtures. When fly ash is added to air-entrained concrete as a partial replacement for Portland cement, the specialty surfactants, or air entraining admixtures, can be rendered ineffective by adsorption onto the surfaces of the porous residual carbon particles. This paper presents the first set of measurements of the surfactant adsorptivity of carbon-containing solid products generated during pulverized coal combustion under controlled laboratory conditions. The specific adsorptivity of the carbon is found to vary dramatically over the course of conversion, exhibiting a sharp maximum in the early stages of char combustion. The main features of the data can be explained by considering the concurrent evolution of surface area, pore structure, and elemental composition, especially oxygen content. It is also shown that surfactant adsorptivity can be greatly altered by post-combustion modification of the carbon surfaces in the form of air oxidation at temperatures above about 300°C (reduced activity) or heat treatment at 900°C in argon (increased activity). The combined results are used to describe a mechanism for the competitive adsorption process in concrete mixtures and to discuss implications for combustion systems.

The most important commercial outlet for coal ash is as a partial replacement for Portland cement in the concrete industry. High levels of unburnt carbon can render ash samples unsuitable for this high-value market by interfering with the action of air-entraining admixtures, which are specialty surfactants used to stabilize air bubbles in concrete mixtures. An initial laboratory investigation was carried out to identify the fundamental interaction mechanisms between fly ash and air-entraining admixtures. The results indicate that the interaction is time-dependent and occurs to a degree that correlates only crudely with the amount of carbon present. Measurements made on a variety of model additives suggest that admixtures are preferentially adsorbed from the aqueous phase on non-microporous carbonaceous surfaces.

The most important commercial outlet for coal ash is in the concrete industry as a partial replacement for Portland cement. In many concrete mixtures careful control of air entrainment is required, but the presence of solid carbon disrupts the air entrainment process. An earlier study focused on the fundamental role of carbons, which were found to adsorb air-entraining admixtures, the specialty surfactants used in concrete mixtures, rendering them less active for their primary function as stabilizing agents for air bubbles. The present paper focuses on the specific sorptive behavior of carbon black, which is used as a pigment in some concrete formulations and also serves as a convenient model substance for soot, which may be present in fly ash from coal combustion. The paper also describes microscopic examination of several commercial fly ash samples for the possible presence of soot. The results show that eight commercial carbon blacks interact strongly with the air-entraining admixtures, the degree of i...

In this paper, we build a virtualization platform based on double-FlowVisors in multiple domains Production Network to abstract the underlying hardware and provision unified API to the APPS in application layer, which can increase resource utilization rate and reduce blocking probability. As a proof of concept, we implement an experimental scenario dealing with virtualization in multiple domain networks. Experimental demonstration is conducted with results of 5-9% blocking probability reduction and 10-15% resource utilization rate increasement.

A kind of cross layer control architecture is proposed for IP over WDM networks based software defined networking (SDN), in which a traffic grooming strategy is proposed considering energy conservation, resource utilization, and network reliability.

A marked increase in the activity of a Pd/TiO 2 catalyst toward the decomposition of salicylic acid was observed compared to that measured for a pure TiO 2 film. The observed difference in activity of Pd/TiO 2 vs pure TiO 2 films was in accordance with predictions made from the Langmuir—Hinshelwood model. This study further confirmed Bard's model that the metal cocatalysts provide additional sites for electron transfer to oxygen.

TiO2 thin films were prepared by spin coating and spray pyrolysis techniques. The observed photocatalytic activity is the same for films prepared by both techniques. The photocatalytic activity increases as film thickness increases but remains constant after the thickness reaches 0.60 μm. These films are shown to be capable of photodecomposing organic impurities in water.

To study the interaction of streptococcal collagen-like protein 1 (Scl1) of M41-type group A streptococcus (GAS) ATCC12373 with low-density lipoprotein (LDL).We cloned, expressed and purified the recombinant proteins rScl1 and its V region rScl1-V, designated as C176 and C176V, derived from Scl1. 41 of M41-type GAS. The binding of rScl1 to LDL was detected with affinity chromatography-binding assay, Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and whole cell binding assays were used to detect the interactions of whole GAS cells with LDL.The results demonstrated that C176 and C176V could specifically bind purified LDL, and M41-type GAS cells expressing native Sell could bind LDL whereas M6-type GAS could not.The Sell of M41-type GAS specifically binds LDL.

Films of titanium(IV) oxide were deposited on a variety of substrates by a simple nebulization and pyrolysis technique. Good uniformity and adhesion was obtained in all cases. The films showed appreciable photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of salicylic acid. The observed activity was increased by the deposition of elemental gold on the TiO2 films.

Samples of gold decomposed on TiO2 powder were prepared by two methods: the dispersion of a gold chloride solution followed by thermal decomposition, and the photodecomposition of gold chloride. The addition of gold to all samples increased their photocatalytic activity. This increase was optimized and compared for these two preparative methods.