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The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of personal fear of crime through empirical analysis based on the 5th Questionnaire on Unease in Social Life conducted in 2014. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that（ 1） females are more likely to have anxiety about crime than males, and（ 2） fear of crime differs by social class.The results supported hypothesis 1 but did not support hypothesis 2. The analysis revealed that none of the following factors: annual income, profession, living with children, or city size, had a significant effect on fear of crime. Furthermore, factors such as female sex, being a tricenarian, victimization experience, and frequent media exposure, are more likely to relate to fear of crime. These results imply that both physical and social vulnerability play significant roles in females experience of fear of crime, and that fear of crime is closely related to the extent of modernization.

Integrins allow cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix and promote the recruitment of other integrins, resulting in the formation of focal adhesion sites at the binding sites. Focal adhesion sites play essential roles in the assembly of the cytoskeleton and are vital in shaping the structure of cells. They also play other regulatory roles by influencing numerous biological functions, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. Hydrogen peroxide‑inducible clone 5 (Hic‑5) is a member of the Paxillin family of proteins and is an adhesive plaque scaffolding protein. Its expression can be detected in both vascular and smooth muscle cells. Thus, it plays an essential role in vascular remodeling, as well as in fibrotic diseases. Hic‑5 functions as a coactivator of steroid receptors, thus playing a role in steroid hormone‑dependent diseases. It also plays a vital role in the invasive metastasis of various types of cancer. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that Hic‑5 plays a critical role in transcriptional regulation, as well as in numerous signaling pathways. Therefore, the inhibition of the functions of Hic‑5 may prevent the development or halt the progression of several diseases. Its use as a therapeutic target in future investigations may thus aid in the treatment of several diseases, including various types of cancer. The present review article focused on the expression and functions of Hic‑5 in different organs, with the aim of highlighting novel possibilities for future research.

Hypertension is the most common chronic non-infectious disease and a severe problem for public health in China. There were 244.5 million people aged over 18 years in China who had hypertension in 2015, and hypertension-related death accounted for more than 25 % of all causes of death in China every year. To monitor the hypertension prevalence in near real-time, a wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach by using metoprolol acid as a biomarker was conducted in 164 cities in China. LC-MS/MS was utilized to quantify metoprolol acid in sewage, and satisfactory method validation results were achieved. The average concentration of metoprolol acid in sewage was 943.1 ± 671.1 ng/L, and the back-calculated consumption of metoprolol based on metoprolol acid was 932.0 ± 390.5 mg/day/1000inh on average, ranging from 76.7 to 3275.7 mg/day/1000inh. The prevalence of metoprolol was estimated to be 0.83 % ± 0.35 %, and the estimated hypertension prevalence in the population aged over 15 years was ultimately assessed to be 28.56 % ± 10.44 % ranging from 14.28 % to 44.28 % and was consistent with the China Hypertension Survey result of 27.9 %. This research demonstrated that estimating hypertension prevalence by WBE with metoprolol acid as a biomarker is feasible in Chinese cities.

Person re-identification (Re-ID) aims to identify the same pedestrian from a surveillance video in various scenarios. Existing Re-ID models are biased to learn background appearances when there are many background variations in the pedestrian training set. Thus, pedestrians with the same identity will appear with different backgrounds, which interferes with the Re-ID performance. This paper proposes a swin transformer based on two-fold loss (TL-TransNet) to pay more attention to the semantic information of a pedestrian’s body and preserve valuable background information, thereby reducing the interference of corresponding background appearance. TL-TransNet is supervised by two types of losses (i.e., circle loss and instance loss) during the training phase. In the retrieval phase, DeepLabV3+ as a pedestrian background segmentation model is applied to generate body masks in terms of query and gallery set. The background removal results are generated according to the mask and are used to filter out interfering background information. Subsequently, a background adaptation re-ranking is designed to combine the original information with the background-removed information, which digs out more positive samples with large background deviation. Extensive experiments on two public person Re-ID datasets testify that the proposed method achieves competitive robustness performance in terms of the background variation problem.

Background\ud The prevalence of present-on-admission pressure injuries (POA-PIs) is much higher than hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs). But scant attention has been paid to POA-PIs, especially the healing rate and potential prognostic factors.\ud \ud Objective\ud To describe the characteristics of POA-PIs at admission and the outcomes of POA-PIs at discharge, and to explore potential prognostic factors of POA-PIs wound healing.\ud \ud Methods\ud This study analyzed electronic health records (EHRs) for 838 POA-PIs among 586 patients from a Chinese tertiary hospital in 2018. The outcomes of POA-PIs were identified into four categories by comparing POA-PIs' wound area and exudation amount scores at admission and discharge: deteriorating, stable, improving, and healed. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was carried out to screen the prognostic factors of POA-PIs wound healing.\ud \ud Results\ud Among this population, 66.38% of the patients were male, 44.03% patients had a Braden Score less than 12 and the median of the Charlson comorbidity index was 5. The most common location of POA-PI wounds was the sacrum and the most common stage of them was Stage II. Nearly half of wounds (45.78%) were larger than 15 cm2, 26.61% were deeper than 0.5 cm, and 61.81% of the wounds were painful. When the patients were discharged, 29.71% wounds were healed, 36.16% were in improving status, 25.78% kept stable, and 8.35% wounds were in deteriorating status. Wound depth was the only independent prognostic factor for POA-PIs wound healing.\ud \ud Conclusions\ud The healing rate of POA-PIs is quite low, and the only independent prognostic factor of POA-PIs was wound depth.

Caffeine is a commonly consumed psychoactive substance whose addictive potential has long been reported. Excessive caffeine intake may lead to severe health damage or drug addiction problems; however, studies on the surveillance of caffeine abuse by the Chinese population are lacking. This study aimed to propose a concentration value for caffeine based on hair analysis to distinguish excessive intake from normal consumption, and provide an analytical tool for forensic toxicology investigations of caffeine and other frequently abused drugs. A sensitive and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to detect caffeine and 13 illicit drugs and their metabolites in hair. Thereafter, this method was employed to test 479 real samples. Briefly, the hair samples were washed with water and acetone, and subsequently extracted by one-step high-speed grinding with acetonitrile-buffer solution. The lower limit of quantifications of 0.05 ng/mg for caffeine and THC, and 0.005 ng/mg for others, were achieved for all substances. The results revealed a mean caffeine concentration of 0.78 (range 0.008–3.5 ng/mg) based on 24 healthy volunteers, 55.0 (range 3.07–292.2 ng/mg) based on 52 self-reported caffeine abuse participants, and 5.78 (range 0–140.34 ng/mg) based on 403 drug addicts. The mean caffeine concentration in hair from self-reported caffeine abusers was 70-fold higher than that in hair from healthy volunteers. A tentative cut-off level of 5.5 ng/mg as an indicator of excessive caffeine consumption was developed based on receiver operating characteristic analysis. Additionally, the assessment of 403 hair samples from drug addicts indicated that illicit drug abusers had potential for caffeine abuse, especially polydrug users. This hair analysis method serves as a useful tool for the large-scale surveillance of caffeine and illicit drug abuse.

Aim To estimate the association of hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) level with total mortality and cardiovascular complication risk among patients with T2DM. Methods Literatures evaluating the associations of HGI with the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and total mortality in patients with T2DM were systematically searched by using the PubMed and Embase databases from January 2002 to April 2019. Fixed-effects model and random-effects model meta-analyses were used to calculate pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Results Six prospective cohort studies and one nest case-control study (comprising n = 37,280) were included in this systematic review. T2DM patients with high HGI level had significant high HRs (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) for cardiovascular complication [1.25 (1.16, 1.36)] and total mortality [1.26 (1.14, 1.39)] compared to intermediate HGI level. For every 1-unit increment in HGI, the average HR (95% CI) were 1.20 (1.00, 1.41) for cardiovascular complication and 1.13 (1.06, 1.19) for total mortality. Conclusions The findings suggested that a rising HGI level was associated with the increased risk for cardiovascular complication and total mortality among patients with T2DM.

Effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were investigated. Eighty patients undergoing systemic anesthesia with extracorporeal coronary artery bypass grafting in The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2015 to August 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group (n=40) and control group (n=40). The two groups were treated with dexmedetomidine and equal volume of normal saline, respectively. Moreover, safety indexes including EEG bispectral index (BIS) at 30 min before induction of anesthesia (T0), immediately after intubation (T1), when incision was made (T2), when chest was closed (T3), when operation was completed (T4) and at 6 h after operation (T5), intraoperative circulatory system-related complications, cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels at the end of surgery as well as anesthesia recovery time and postoperative mechanical ventilation time were recorded and compared. All the patients were followed up for 1 week. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were administered at 1, 3 and 7 days after operation, and the incidence of intraoperative awareness and postoperative cognitive dysfunction was recorded. BIS value in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P

Propofol is widely used in paediatric anaesthesia and intensive care unit because of its essentially short-acting anaesthetic effect. Recent data have shown that propofol induced neurotoxicity in developing brain. However, the mechanisms are not extremely clear. To gain a better insight into the toxic effects of propofol on hippocampal neurons, we treated cells at the days in vitro 7 (DIV 7), which were prepared from Sprague–Dawley embryos at the 18th day of gestation, with propofol (0.1–1000 μM) for 3 h. A significant decrease in neuronal proliferation and a remarkable increase in neuroapoptosis were observed in DIV 7 hippocampal neurons as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and apoptosis assay respectively. Moreover, propofol treatment decreased the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) p65 expression, which was accompanied by a reduction in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) mRNA and protein levels, increased caspase-3 mRNA and activation of caspase-3 protein. These results indicated that downregulation of NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2 were involved in the potential mechanisms of propofol-induced neurotoxicity. This likely led to the caspase-3 activation, triggered apoptosis and inhibited the neuronal growth and proliferation that we have observed in our in vitro systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Propofol is widely used in paediatric anaesthesia and intensive care unit because of its essentially short-acting anaesthetic effect. Recent data have shown that propofol induced neurotoxicity in developing brain. However, the mechanisms are not extremely clear. To gain a better insight into the toxic effects of propofol on hippocampal neurons, we treated cells at the days in vitro 7 (DIV 7), which were prepared from Sprague-Dawley embryos at the 18th day of gestation, with propofol (0.1-1000 μM) for 3 h. A significant decrease in neuronal proliferation and a remarkable increase in neuroapoptosis were observed in DIV 7 hippocampal neurons as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and apoptosis assay respectively. Moreover, propofol treatment decreased the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) p65 expression, which was accompanied by a reduction in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) mRNA and protein levels, increased caspase-3 mRNA and activation of caspase-3 protein. These results indicated that downregulation of NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2 were involved in the potential mechanisms of propofol-induced neurotoxicity. This likely led to the caspase-3 activation, triggered apoptosis and inhibited the neuronal growth and proliferation that we have observed in our in vitro systems.

The quickly development of bioinformatics based on websites services promoted the study of microbial informatics. Microbial structural genomics and functional genomics try to illuminate the inner relation between the gene structure and function, and to construct gene regulatory networks. The application of Genechip based on bioinformatics became a stronger tool in environmental microbial ecological study and functional enzyme gene orientation. Bioinformatics of web-based services provide a new information platform and technology method for environmental microorganism study.

Nitrite reductase (nirS) is a key enzyme of denitrification catalyzing the one electron reduction of nitrite (NO2-) to nitrogen monoxide (NO).In this study, nirS gene was cloned from Pseudomonas aeruginosa HGP9 strain. The phylogenetic tree was constructed and the secondary structure was predicted by bioinformatics. Results showed that nirS gene was 99.8% similar to the nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6750 strain. Most of alpha-helices stretches are formed in the first 1/4 of the sequence and the beta-sheets are present in the last 3/4 sequences. Homology modeling based on using nitrite reductase (PDBID: 1gjqA ) as template for nirS indicated that two independent subunits comprised a homodimer in nirS crystal structure, and each monomer is composed of a c-heme domain and a d1-heme domain. both of them are cytochrom super family. Compared to the three-dimensional structure of nirS, there was a nature mutation in nirS that located the site residue of Phe109 in P. aeruginosa HGP9 strain (the residue was Thr84 in P. aeruginosa NCTC 6750 strain), and the mutation site was in the heme c domain.