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Intelligent energy efficiency management, as an important part of the development of intelligent ships, can realize the automatic monitoring, analysis and autonomous decision-making of ship energy efficiency. Therefore, improving the level of ship energy efficiency and intelligence is of great significance. Based on the analysis of the rules and inspection guidelines of ship intelligent energy efficiency management, the current research status of ship energy efficiency optimization methods is systematically analyzed by focusing on the core issues of ship intelligent energy efficiency, including intelligent monitoring and system design, the application of big data on ship intelligent energy efficiency, intelligent optimization algorithms and models of ship energy efficiency. The shortcomings and challenges in the development of ship intelligent energy efficiency are proposed based on the research status, and the future development and research contents of intelligent energy efficiency optimization are prospected to provide reference for the development of the energy efficiency management of intelligent ships.

Abstract Background Crown gall disease, caused by the pathogenic bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, is responsible for extensive economic losses in orchards. Cherry rootstock ‘CDR-1’ (Prunus mahaleb) shows high resistance but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we examined the morphology of pathogen-infected root neck surface, determined the activity of 10 defense-related enzymes and the content of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), and also applied transcriptome analysis, transient expression and transgenic verification to explore the crown gall resistance genes in ‘CDR-1’ plants. Results In our study, peroxidase increased in the first 10 days, while phenylalanine ammonialyase and lipoxygenase increased in the first 15 days post-infection. Four key enzymes in the AsA-GSH cycle also responded, to a certain extent; although JA content increased significantly after the treatment, the SA content did not. In a follow-up transcriptome analysis, the differentially expressed genes Pm4CL2, PmCYP450, PmHCT1, PmHCT2, and PmCAD were up-regulated. Based on the above results, we focused on the lignin biosynthetic pathway, and further measured lignin content, and found it increased significantly. The Pm4CL2 gene was used to conduct transient expression and transgenic experiments to verify its function in crown gall disease resistance. It showed the relative expression of the treatment group was almost 14-fold that of the control group at 12 h post-treatment. After the infection treatment, clear signs of resistance were found in the transgenic lines; this indicated that under the higher expression level and earlier activation of Pm4CL2, plant resistance was enhanced. Conclusions The crown gall resistance of ‘CDR-1’ is likely related to the lignin biosynthetic pathway, in which Pm4CL2 functions crucially during the plant defense response to the pathogen A. tumefaciens. The results thus offer novel insights into the defense responses and resistance mechanism of cherry rootstock ‘CDR-1’ against crown gall disease.

The purpose of our study was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes of women with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) positivity and assess risk factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnant women with aPL positivity were enrolled prospectively in China from January 2017 to March 2020. Treatment of low-dose aspirin and low molecular weight heparin were given. Pregnancy outcomes and coagulation function were recorded and compared with normal pregnancies. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). 270 pregnant women, including 44 diagnosed as Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), 91 as non-criteria APS (NCAPS) and 135 normal cases as control, were enrolled in the study. The live birth rate in aPL carriers and APS group was 97% and 95.5%, respectively. Adverse pregnancy outcomes did not show significant difference between aPL carriers and normal pregnancies, and between APS and NCAPS, except for IUGR. The incidence of IUGR was significantly higher in aPL carriers than normal pregnancies, and in APS patients than NCAPS (P < 0.05). After controlling for age, in vitro fertilization (IVF), pregnancy losses related to APS and treatment, anticardiolipin (aCL) positivity was the only variable significantly associated with IUGR, with an adjusted odds ratio of 4.601 (95% CI, 1.205-17.573). Better pregnant outcomes of aPL positive women, include APS and NCAPS, were achieved in our study with treatment based on low-dose aspirin (LDA) plus low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The incidence of IUGR was still higher in them, and aCL positivity was the only one risk factor associated with IUGR.

Drought is one of the main factors affecting sweet cherry yields, and cherry rootstocks can provide a range of tree vigor levels to better match sweet cherries with the characteristics of the soil. To investigate the molecular events of the cherry to water deficiency, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of Prunus mahaleb CDR-1 (drought-tolerant cherry rootstock (DT)) and P. cerasus × P. canescens Gisela 5 (drought-susceptible cherry rootstock (DS)), respectively. The results revealed 253 common drought-responsive genes in leaves and roots in DT and 17 in DS; 59 upregulated metabolites were explored in leaves in DT and 19 were explored in DS. Differentially expressed metabolites related to the cyanoamino acid metabolism pathway and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway may be key factors in the difference in drought resistance in the two rootstocks. Moreover, six central metabolites—3-cyanoalanine, phenylalanine, quinic acid, asparagine, p-benzoquinone, and phytosphingosine—were identified as potential biological markers of drought response in cherries and may be key factors in the difference in drought resistance, along with caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid. We also selected 17 differentially expressed genes as core candidate genes and the mechanism of DT in response to drought is summarized.

Bacterial contamination is a major and constant threat to the establishment and subculture of in vitro plant culture. In this study, we used a slightly modified qualitative disk diffusion method to screen optimal antibiotics to control the growth of bacterial contaminants isolated from explants of cherry rootstock ‘Gisela 6’. Bacterial susceptibility to eight different antibiotics was tested. The results showed that tetracycline was the most effective antibiotic for controlling bacterial growth; cefotaxime, carbenicillin, kanamycin, and streptomycin were less effective, whereas ampicillin, penicillin, and cefazolin did not inhibit growth of the isolated bacteria. Using the quantitative E test, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline was determined to be 1.0 µg mL−1. We also measured the Fv/Fm values, chlorophyll content, and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase to explore the effect of different tetracycline concentrations, 0, 0.064, 0.5, 1.0, 16, and 256 µg mL−1, on the growth of bacteria and explants over 30 days. Results indicated that 1.0 µg mL−1 tetracycline was effective in restricting bacterial growth, with non-significant negative effects on explants at low concentrations, but were enhanced negative effects at high concentrations. The application of the disk diffusion method and E test enabled the identification of an antibiotic and its MIC value effective for eliminating bacterial contaminants while causing minimal damage to explants, indicating a high potential of these methods to control bacterial contaminants in in vitro plant culture.