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While a general definition has been made on which acts are considered illegal corruption, people’s understandings of what constitutes corruption behaviors are varied. The present research aims to understand the perceptions, interpretations, denials, and rationalizations of corruption by convicted perpetrators in Indonesia. How corruption is perceived and understood by perpetrators, and how these perceptions may be utilized as a basis for denying corruption accusations should be explored to have more understanding of the dynamics of corruption from the perspective of perpetrators. The data were obtained through in-depth interviews with five corruption convicts. The results show that the reasons the participants deny the accusation of corruption are as follows: (a) they know what corruption is and they believe what they do is not corruption; (b) corruption cases are political, so it is improper to call it corruption; (c) they consider themselves victims of a bad system; and (d) they think that everyone does it. Such understanding, then, is used as a tool for denial and rationalization. The findings indicate how corruption is perceived and understood can influence someone to commit corrupt acts.

Seaweed is macro algae that it one of export commodity at Indonesia. In addition to having economic value, macroalgae also have an important role in aquatic ecosystems. macroalgae play a role as primary producers because of their ability to photosynthesize, produce organic matter, and oxygen in the aquatic environment. Waters on Lombok Island that are overgrown with seaweed include Batu Layar beach. Batu Layar sub-district is part of the tourism area located in the coastal area. Batu Layar sub-district includes a cultivation area consisting of a variety of land uses ranging from agriculture, livestock, fishing and so on. This study aimed to analyze the diversity of seaweed species in the coastal waters of Batulayar, Senggigi, West Lombok Regency along with antioxidant and chlorophyll-a content. The research was conducted in November 2023 in the waters of Batu Layar, Senggigi, West Lombok Regency. The research methods used in this study were survey methods and method explanation of antioxidant content and chlorophyll was carried out in the laboratory, by taking random samples based on the boundaries of the predetermined area as many as 4 stations. The result of this research are identified species of seaweed including Sargassum sp., Padina, Caulerpa, Galaxaura, Ulva, Gelidium, Acanthophora, Iaxaura, Halimeda, Boergesenia forbesii, Corallina, and Turbinaria. Padina antioxidant levels reached 81,31% and chlorophyll 14,35 mg/l. It can be concluded that there are 12 types of seaweed that grow wild consisting of four species each of green, brown, and red alga. Padina has the highest antioxidant content of 81,31%. Keywords: Aquaculture Antioxidant Chlorophyll Seaweed Sargassum.

Abstract Introduction The transformative feature of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the massive capacity for interpreting and transforming unstructured data into a coherent and meaningful context. In general, the potential that AI will alter traditional approaches to student research and its evaluation appears to be significant. With regard to research in global health, it is important for students and research experts to assess strengths and limitations of GenAI within this space. Thus, the goal of our research was to evaluate the information literacy of GenAI compared to expectations that graduate students meet in writing research papers. Methods After completing the course, Fundamentals of Global Health (INTH 401) at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Graduate students who successfully completed their required research paper were recruited to compare their original papers with a paper they generated by ChatGPT-4o using the original assignment prompt. Students also completed a Google Forms survey to evaluate different sections of the AI-generated paper (e.g., Adherence to Introduction guidelines, Presentation of three perspectives, Conclusion) and their original papers and their overall satisfaction with the AI work. The original student to ChatGPT-4o comparison also enabled evaluation of narrative elements and references. Results Of the 54 students who completed the required research paper, 28 (51.8%) agreed to collaborate in the comparison project. A summary of the survey responses suggested that students evaluated the AI-generated paper as inferior or similar to their own paper (overall satisfaction average = 2.39 (1.61–3.17); Likert scale: 1 to 5 with lower scores indicating inferiority). Evaluating the average individual student responses for 5 Likert item queries showed that 17 scores were

The article is devoted to analysing modern journalistic television materials on Lviv television. Television journalism is very important in today’s society, although all other types of mass media also play an important role in humanity. Each mass media tries to prepare materials on current topics and at a professional level, so it is necessary to use all mass media. Although the topic of this study is television material, it is important in this article to present the features of preparing newspaper material, articles in Internet media, and audio material on radio and to compare the features of all mass media materials in general. Television develops its manipulative potential precisely because it skillfully hides the difference between fiction and reality. Moreover, that is why the information received from the TV is much more convincing for the public than arguments of a theoretical or ideological nature. The main goal of this study is to determine the features and methods of presenting high-quality modern TV materials. The research tasks are to study the best ways and methods of writing materials and collecting and presenting information. This study is devoted to considering television material in general, and specifically, it is based on the example of Lviv Television. This material covers the peculiarities of television in general, as well as the specifics of Lviv television, changes in its activities, and specific television materials are presented.

Objective The objective of this study is to outline the training of peer coaches in the Moving Well intervention, which was designed to reduce anxiety, depression, and pain catastrophizing in patients before and after total knee replacement (TKR). Methods Selected peer coaches had a history of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a TKR of 12 months or more before training, and were 60 or older. Training was primarily conducted virtually, with a later addition of one in‐person session. Training centered on developing skills in motivational interviewing (MoI), encompassing techniques like open‐ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summarization. It also covered the MoI processes of engagement, focus, evocation, and planning. Coaches were required to discuss at least 90% of session‐specific topics, which were monitored using checklists for each certification, and to complete individual MoI training, which was not graded. The evaluation of peer coach training involved surveys and a focus group. Results Three women and two men, averaging 75 years in age, completed the peer coach training for the Moving Well intervention. An in‐person training session was added to address technology and MoI skill concerns, greatly enhancing their grasp of MoI skills and their ability to guide others through the program effectively. Peer coaches stressed the importance of live feedback, in‐person training, and incorporating personal experiences into the program content during their training. Conclusion To effectively train older adults as peer coaches for the Moving Well intervention, flexibility in learning formats, personalized guidance, peer support, and regular evaluations were essential in building the necessary MoI competencies to guide research participants in the program.

Abstract Background In the search for new antimicrobial secondary metabolites of fungi, optimizing culture conditions remains a critical challenge, as standard laboratory approaches often result in low yields. While non-selective methods, such as modifying culture media, have been effective in expanding the chemical diversity of fungal metabolites, they have not yet established a direct link to key process parameters crucial for further optimization. This study investigates the capacity of Diaporthe caliensis as a biofactory for biologically active secondary metabolites, employing tailored culture media to explore the relationship between chemical diversity and critical process variables. Results The metabolomic profiles, antibacterial activities, and production yields of the extracts were analyzed to progressively adjust the culture conditions. This study was conducted in five steps, evaluating carbon and nitrogen source concentration, nitrogen source type, salt supplementation, and pH adjustment. Altering the rice starch concentration affected biomass yield per unit of oxygen consumed, while modifications to the nitrogen source concentration influenced both the bioactivity and chemical space by Diaporthe caliensis. Despite changes at the metabolome level, the extracts consistently exhibited potent antibacterial activities, influenced by the nitrogen source, added salts and pH adjustments. For instance, when using corn steep liquor and rice starch, supplemented with micronutrients, different metabolites were produced depending on whether buffer or water was used, though both conditions showed similar antibacterial activities (IC50 ≈ 0.10 mg mL− 1 against Staphylococcus aureus and ≈ 0.14 mg mL− 1 against Escherichia coli). In the treatment where buffer was used to stabilize pH change, there was an increase in the production of phomol-like compounds which are associated with known antibiotic properties. In contrast, in the treatments using water, the drop in pH stimulated the production of previously unidentified metabolites with potential antimicrobial activity. Conclusions This study proposes a strategic methodology for the tailored formulation of culture media aiming to promote the biosynthesis of diverse secondary metabolites. This approach revealed the critical role of nutrient limitation and pH regulation in stimulating the production of polyketide-lactone derivatives, including the antibiotic phomol. Ultimately, the systematic, custom-designed culture conditions developed in this work offer a promising strategy for expanding the chemical diversity of Diaporthe caliensis, while providing valuable insights into the key parameters needed for optimizing this fungal biofactory. Graphical Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study examines attitudes and perceptions towards biodegradable disposable products, as well as the willingness to pay for them in the southern region of Jalisco. Surveys were conducted among residents to explore their consumption patterns and the reasons influencing their purchasing decisions. The results highlight that only one in three individuals in this region shows a preference for biodegradable disposables, with a stronger inclination among women and those with higher educational levels. Despite a general interest in environmental preservation and a willingness to adopt biodegradable products, these factors were found to have no significant impact on the final purchasing decision. These findings suggest that governmental initiatives to promote the adoption of biodegradable disposables have not yet achieved significant adherence among the local population. This study provides valuable insights into current challenges in adopting sustainable practices and emphasises the need for more effective strategies to drive changes in consumer behaviour in the region.

Latar Belakang: Es krim mengandung lemak jenuh yang tinggi dan menggunakan penstabil komersial yang kurang baik untuk kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak tempe kacang tunggak yang rendah lemak jenuh dan pasta ekstrak umbi porang sebagai penstabil alami. Tujuan: Penentuan karakteristik es krim dengan subsitusi ekstrak tempe kacang tunggak terhadap air dan penggantian carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) maupun super polymer (SP) menggunakan pasta ekstrak porang. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan perbandingan ekstrak tempe kacang tunggak dan pasta ekstrak umbi porang (%), 0:0 (K), 5:1 (A), 10:1,5 (B), dan 15:2 (C). Penelitian ini mengukur kadar protein, lemak, padatan, sukrosa, jumlah angka lempeng total, Salmonella, kualitas kecepatan leleh, dan tingkat pengembangan serta kesukaan panelis. Hasil: Hasil yang didapatkan pada pengujian es krim yaitu kadar protein 4,35%-7,47%, kadar lemak 8,68%-9,84%, total padatan 23,53%-30,75%, kadar gula (sukrosa) 20,67%-20,87%, overrun 70,67%-100%, melting rate 1019 detik-1207 detik, angka lempeng total memenuhi persyaratan SNI 01-3713-1995, dan keberadaan Salmonella persyaratan SNI 01-3713-1995. Kesimpulan: Es krim dengan kualitas terbaik ditunjukkan pada perlakuan C (15%:2%).

Heritage buildings are valuable assets that represent national cultural identity. Proper building maintenance is a major issue for preservation, as building monitoring aspects and preventive measures are often only taken after physical damage happens. In the context of Indonesian heritage buildings, high levels of humidity which may cause condensation and soil dampness are often overlooked. Early detection methods are urgently required to effectively detect potential risks of condensation. This study aims to investigate condensation risk for heritage building surfaces by calculating thermal properties (i.e., emissivity, albedo) and Blinn–Phong BRDF values through the integration of thermal imaging and 3D scanning techniques. This approach supports architects and conservators in making informed decisions to protect and maintain cultural heritage structures. The study also highlights gaps in current Indonesian regulations regarding moisture presence and condensation risk detection in heritage buildings.

The study investigates the effectiveness of using the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) approach as a trauma-sensitive pedagogy strategy in higher education. By integrating the concepts of UDL and Salutogenesis, we aimed to develop a tool that promotes healthy learning, problem-solving, and motivation among students. Salutogenesis emphasizes the development of a Sense of Coherence (SoC), which serves as a tool for stress resilience and restoration. To assess the impact of UDL practices on SoC levels, we administered a Sense of Coherence-13 questionnaire before and after implementing UDL practices in English language classes at a polytechnic university. All the students in the study had experienced traumatic events caused by the current crisis in Ukraine. The study focused on demonstrating that UDL practices can serve as a restorative and inclusive tool. The results indicate that the application of UDL practices led to an increase in SoC levels, demonstrating their potential for promoting restoration. Additionally, teacher interviews were conducted to identify the challenges and benefits of implementing UDL practices.

Abstract Background Pregnancy is a time of great change for women, both mentally and physically. For any pregnant woman, this time of change can be difficult as the woman needs to constantly adapt to the rapidly changing body. This change could be especially challenging for a woman who has previously struggled with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), which cause individuals to perceive part(s) of their body as particularly ugly or deformed, creating distress that affects several areas of functioning. These distorted perceptions have been associated with low self-reported functioning in physical and psychological areas. The present study assessed the effects of BDD symptoms on the physical and psychological functioning of pregnant women at different points throughout their pregnancy. Methods During July 2021 through April 2022, one hundred and fifty-eight women were recruited from various mothers’ Facebook groups, women’s centers across a city in Southern Texas, and through Prolific. The sample consisted of women in their first, second and third trimesters, as well as women three months postpartum. Information about the presence of BDD symptoms, quality of life, and body image was collected. Results We found that women in their second trimester possess the highest quality of life compared to women in their first trimester, third trimester or postpartum. Women with high BDD symptoms have lower quality of life and lower body image compared to women with low BDD, especially for those in their first or third trimesters. Conclusions These findings illustrate the necessity of targeted interventions and support for pregnant women, especially those with BDD symptoms, in order to promote their well-being throughout pregnancy and postpartum.

Abstrak: Ketersediaan buku ajar dalam menunjang proses pembelajaran menjadi hal yang penting dan harus disusun secara sistematis oleh seorang dosen untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaraan dan ketercapaian pembelajaran yang telah ditargetkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi secara mendalam mengenai kebutuhan awal mahasiswa akan pengembangan buku ajar digital berbasis flipbook. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yakni deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik survey. Instrumen berupa keusioner yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diberikan pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Ekonomi FKIP Universitas Sriwijaya yang mengambil mata kuliah Teori Ekonomi Mikro di tahun 2024 dengan jumlah 68 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 95,6% mahasiswa membutuhkan untuk dilakukannya pengembangan sumber ajar inovatif untuk mendukung pelaksanaan pembelajaran, salah satunya adalah dengan mengembangkan buku ajar digital berbasis flipbook. Hal ini disebabkan karena masih terdapat kendala dalam mempelajari mata kuliah ini, diantaranya kompleksitas materi perkuliahan yang membutuhkan kemampuan analitis dan keterampilan matematis, keterbatasan waktu pembelajaran, serta keterbatasan sumber ajar yang tersedia. Hasil studi analisis kebutuhan ini akan dipergunakan peneliti sebagai dasar dalam mengembangkan buku ajar digital berbasis flipbook yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan karakteristik mahasiswa, namun juga tetap menyesuaikan pada kurikulum dan capaian pembelajaran yang dibebankan di mata kuliah tersebut. Abstract: Availability of textbooks supporting the learning process is important and must be arranged systematically by a lecturer to improve the quality of learning and achievement of targeted learning. This research aims to obtain in-depth information regarding students' initial needs for developing digital-based textbooks flipbooks. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with survey techniques. The instrument in the form of a questionnaire used in this research was given to students of the Economic Education Study Program at FKIP Sriwijaya University who were taking the Microeconomic Theory course in 2024 with a total of 68 respondents. The research results indicate that 95.6% of students need to develop innovative teaching resources to support learning, one of which is developing flipbook-based digital textbooks. This is due to challenges in studying this course, including the complexity of lecture materials that require analytical skills and mathematical abilities, limited learning time, and a lack of available teaching resources. The results of this needs analysis study will be used by researchers as a basis for developing a digital-based textbook flipbook that follows the needs and characteristics of students, but also adapts to the curriculum and learning outcomes imposed in the course.

The work is devoted to the technology of manufacturing textile souvenir products based on Slutsk belts, which has no analogues in world practice, including the design of the structure of a double-sided three-weft tapestry, the development of model weaves, technical drawing, programming the operation of a jacquard machine, shuttle boxes, and a product regulator. The purpose of the work is to create a technology for obtaining new types of fabrics on a unique weaving loom, the design of which is intended to reproduce copies of Slutsk belts. The relevance of the work is reflected in the need to study, preserve and develop unique weaving techniques that existed in Belarus, and their adaptation to modern production. The structure of the designed product is as follows: it is a three-weft tapestry, which has different patterns on the outer sides, with one side being one-color, where the pattern is visible exclusively due to the relief, and the second side is twocolor, with a pattern formed by two other wefts. The presence of three wefts in the structure of the double-sided tapestry and the exclusion of their transition from one side to the other removes restrictions on the nature of the patterns on the outer sides, thereby diversifying the artistic and coloristic design and quality of the woven product. The fabric sketches were drawn by hand and digitized in Adobe Photoshop, where the technical drawing was also developed. Model weaves were developed for the six color effects of the technical drawing, each of which corresponds to the various mutual arrangements of the elements of the patterns of the outer sides of the tapestry available in the product ("contourcontour", "contour-pattern", "pattern-contour", "pattern-pattern", "background-contour", "background-pattern"). The linear pattern on the side of the tapestry formed by one type of weft is enhanced by the presence of relief, which is created by using weaves with different lengths of weft overlap in the contour and on the area of the pattern. The warps and wefts of the product use threads of different raw material composition and linear density: wefts – polyester thread with a linear density of 16.6 tex; spreading warp – polyester textured thread with a linear density of 25 tex; pressing warp – natural silk thread with a linear density of 10 tex. The technology is implemented on a modern six-shuttle weaving machine from Mageba (Germany), equipped with a Stäubli jacquard machine, at the Slutsk Belts factory, which has led to the solution of the urgent production problem of creating popular souvenir products of a new type based on Belarusian national symbols.

Yuliana,1 Dewi Zakiawati2 1Oral Medicine Residency Program, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Yuliana, Email yuliana21002@mail.unpad.ac.idIntroduction: Allergic stomatitis is an oral inflammatory disorder characterized by a painful, burning sensation, or itchiness in the oral cavity which clinically appears as erythematous plaques, vesiculation, ulceration, and/or hyperkeratosis. The causative agents include drugs, dental materials, and food ingredients. Allergic stomatitis might develop after a person eats, touches, or inhales food allergen which then triggers the hypersensitivity reaction. The most common types of food hypersensitivity generally involve type 1 and type 4 reactions or a combination of both.Purpose: This case report aims to discuss a case of allergic stomatitis caused by one of the staple food ingredients in Indonesia: cassava.Case: A 26-year-old woman came with complaints of burning pain from multiple ulcers on her right inner cheek. The ulcers appeared shortly after the patient ate boiled cassava, extending to the soft palate and causing pain when swallowing food. The patient has a history of asthma.Case Management: The patient was referred for a total IgE examination with a result of 271.41 KIU/L (normal < 150 KIU/L). She was prescribed an antiseptic mouthwash and topical corticosteroids for palliative therapy. Additionally, multivitamins were also prescribed to speed up the healing process.Conclusion: Allergic stomatitis can be caused by food ingredients, even those considered healthy or non-allergenic. A complete anamnesis, including the patient’s food history, along with supporting examinations, must be carried out to confirm the diagnosis and select appropriate therapy.Keywords: allergies, allergic stomatitis, hypersensitivity, cassava

This study aims to identify the application of English in mathematics teaching in Southeast Asia countries, focusing on trends across countries, methods, benefits, and challenges. This study employed a systematic literature review (SLR) method adapted from the PRISMA model, resulting in 17 relevant articles obtained from 141 articles in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The data analysis technique of this research applied thematic analysis to review, identify, and analyze the data. The findings revealed that emerging research focused on learning policies and media, improving pedagogical practices, educational quality, and student learning outcomes. Malaysia is the country that has conducted the most research on this topic, with 11 articles, followed by the Philippines and Thailand, each with 2 articles. The majority of studies used qualitative methods and mixed methods. The benefits of using English in mathematics instruction included avoiding translation errors, supporting the implementation of global learning, enhancing soft skills and problem-solving abilities, supporting future career prospects, and improving the quality of learning with support from teachers and related parties. Some challenges faced include varying skills and readiness of teachers and students, the availability and utilization of resources, and the different impacts on students, especially those from diverse demographics. Additionally, cultural and linguistic gaps between English and students’ mother tongue, the rapid adoption of English policies in mathematics teaching, and necessary pedagogical adjustments also present challenges.

Latar Belakang: Stunting merupakan permasalahan gizi prioritas di Indonesia. Prevalensi nasional saat ini sebesar 21,6%, di Provinsi DIY 16,4% dan di Kabupaten Sleman 15%. Program Kampung Keluarga Berkualitas (KB) merupakan inovasi yang dikembangkan untuk mengakselerasi penurunan stunting. Program ini menitikberatkan pada pemberdayaan keluarga di bidang kesehatan, pendidikan, dan ekonomi. Tujuan: Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan dan dampak program Kampung KB di Kabupaten Sleman dalam dinamika konvergensi dengan program penurunan stunting lainnya. Metode: Kajian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi analisis dokumen, diskusi kelompok terarah, wawancara mendalam, dan jurnal reflektif. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap 11 narasumber dan dilakukan 4 sesi diskusi kelompok terarah. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis tematik. Hasil: Terdapat 34 Kampung KB pada tahun 2022 di Kabupaten Sleman. Dari proses analisa data diperoleh 3 tema utama yaitu penerimaan terhadap program, sinergi dengan program stunting yang lain, dan tata kelola program. Beberapa organisasi perangkat daerah dan tenaga penggerak masyarakat yang terlibat dalam penanganan stunting di Kabupaten Sleman belum memahami konsep program Kampung KB, baik dari segi sasaran, target, maupun indikator capaian program, sehingga memengaruhi penerimaan stakeholder dan sinergi dengan program stunting lainnya. Program ini juga mengalami perubahan tata kelola dimana terjadi migrasi sistem dan penyesuaian dengan tata kelembagaan setempat yang memengaruhi efektivitas penyelenggaraan program. Kesimpulan: Diperlukan penguatan sosialisasi dan koordinasi agar dampak program Kampung KB lebih optimal dalam percepatan penurunan stunting. Konteks kelembagaan di setiap provinsi juga perlu dipertimbangkan agar penerimaan program lebih baik.

Language politeness is one of the crucial issues, especially by public figures in public spaces. This is because he is a role model for the general public. Moreover, a public figure who wants to become the number one person in Indonesia. This research examines language politeness from the perspective of Leech's politeness maxims. The purpose of this study is to describe the language politeness practiced by Prabowo Subianto in the closing statement of the 2024 presidential candidate debate. The type of this research is qualitative descriptive method. The data collection method uses tapping, listening, and recording techniques. Based on the data, out of 25 sentences in the closing statement, 20 or 80% of the identified data fulfill the principles of politeness. While 20% are neutral. Based on the main ideas, out of 10 main ideas, there are 8 or 80% of them are identified as polite speech, while 2 or 20% of the main ideas are neutral. Based on Leech's maxims of politeness, there are six forms of politeness shown in the speech, namely tact maxim, generosity maxim, approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, sympath maxim.

En este artículo se propone una ruta metodológica para el estudio de los archivos per-sonales a partir de cuatro elementos del método etnográfico: los contextos del archivo, las interacciones entre el archivo y los sujetos, las prácticas documentales y las tem-poralidades en el archivo. En la primera parte, se analiza el impacto que tuvo el giro archivístico y las ideas posmodernas en la disciplina archivística y en la manera de abordar los acervos documentales, trascendiendo de la idea del archivo como fuente al archivo como campo de estudio, lo cual propició lecturas etnográficas de los con-juntos documentales. En la segunda parte, se presenta una propuesta para analizar los archivos personales desde la perspectiva etnográfica, a partir de los cuatro elementos citados: contexto, sujetos, prácticas documentales y temporalidades. Finalmente, se esboza de qué manera la etnografía de archivos permite repensar los principios archi-vísticos y los procesos de organización documental.

Se analizan desde una perspectiva de larga duración las representaciones de los pueblos indígenas del norte de Chile, presentes en los textos escolares de Historia y Geografía. La investigación cubre desde los primeros registros de esta herramienta pedagógica publicados a partir del año 1845, hasta los estertores de la última dictadura militar en Chile hacia fines de la década de 1980. A través de una metodología de análisis documental y hermenéutica, se identifican tres estrategias discursivas de representación. La primera responde a las nominaciones étnicas, las cuales transitan desde un enfoque homogeneizante del indígena a uno que describe y clasifica las diferencias culturales entre uno y otro pueblo. Para ello, juega un papel preponderante la consolidación de las disciplinas científicas de la arqueología y la etnología en Chile. La segunda estrategia se refiere a la representación del indígena situado en una temporalidad pasada. En el caso de los indígenas del norte de Chile, el discurso arqueológico sobre el cual se sostienen buena parte de las nominaciones étnicas, desempeña una función relevante en la consolidación de la visión “arcaizante” en torno a estos pueblos. Finalmente, se identifica una estrategia de representación “extranjerizante”, la cual sitúa a la población indígena del norte del país como imagen de alteridad para el imaginario nacional chileno. Se sostiene que estas representaciones han contribuido a respaldar acciones estatales de asimilación excluyente respecto de la población indígena del norte de Chile.

Introduction: This paper explores the pivotal role of continual reflection and collaboration for physical education teachers in advancing their professional development. The study focuses on the effectiveness of Gibbs Model and Glatthorn's collegial growth paradigm in enhancing teachers' self-reflection abilities. Objective: Assess the impact of collaborative group reflection on physical education teachers' professional development, utilizing Gibbs Model and Glatthorn's collegial growth paradigm. The study aims to measure changes in reflective practices and identify factors influencing teacher participation in collaborative reflection. Methods: The research employed pre- and post-self-assessed reflective questionnaires, focus group discussions, and peer observations. A Likert scale questionnaire measured changes in reflective skills, while focus group discussions provided qualitative insights. Peer observation rubrics assessed various teaching criteria. Results: Findings indicate collaborative group reflection as a valuable tool for professional development, despite challenges like time constraints. The study emphasizes leadership and peer support as positive outcomes. Quantitative analysis showed a significant increase in the level of reflection among participating teachers. Conclusion: The paper underscores the importance of collaboration in fostering efficient reflection for professional development among physical education teachers. Recommendations include incorporating stages from Gibbs's Reflection Cycle and Glatthorn's collegial growth paradigm in professional development programs. Rigorous analysis, including the chi-square test for independence and content analysis, ensured the validity and reliability of the study's findings, facilitating a comprehensive interpretation of the results.

Attachment relationships are shaped by higher-order cognitive abilities that help individuals regulate their behavior, including internet usage, which is a prevalent activity among students. The purpose of this study is to assess the mediating role of executive function (EF) in the relationship between individual attachment and problematic internet use (PIU) behavior. EF is believed to serve as a buffer against the negative effects of weak attachment between individuals and their parents or peers, thereby helping to suppress PIU behavior. This study employed a quantitative research design with 127 college students from DKI Jakarta. Convenience sampling was used to select participants. Attachment was measured using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment – Revision (IPPA-R), PIU was assessed using the Indonesian Problematic Internet Use Scale (IPIUS), and EF was evaluated using the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI). The mediation regression analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of attachment to parents on PIU, mediated by EF. It is recommended that parents foster early interactions with their children to optimize their cognitive development and take peer influences into consideration when supporting their children’s behavior regulation.

The Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) application is a marketing innovation that enhances consumer experiences by enabling virtual product trials despite distance and time constraints. This study examines the impact of MAR on purchase intention through perceived enjoyment and usefulness. Data were collected via online questionnaires using purposive and snowball sampling methods and analyzed using SmartPLS. Results indicate that virtual presence and devices influence enjoyment and usefulness directly and indirectly in shaping purchase intentions. Moreover, enjoyment and usefulness are found to have a positive effect on purchase intentions.

Me time holds significance for personal enjoyment and relaxation, yet its exploration, particularly among Indonesian mothers, is limited. This qualitative study interviewed three full-time working mothers (aged 28, 30 and 36) to understand their perceptions in me time allocation before marriage, after marriage, and after having children. Thematic analysis identified six major themes: a) the importance of me time, b) factors hindering it, c) diverse interpretations, d) activities pursued, e) repercussions of inadequate me time, and f) coping strategies employed. This study underscores the significance of dedicating me time as a means to alleviate the stress experienced in day-to-day life. Maternal individuals exhibit an adaptive inclination to tailor their approach to personal time management in light of the demands imposed by motherhood. This research effectively accentuates the necessity of prioritizing me time to enhance holistic well-being and fortitude when confronted with maternal responsibilities.

Abstract Identifying high-affinity antibodies in human serum is challenging due to extremely low number of circulating B cells specific to the desired antigens. Delays caused by a lack of information on the immunogenic proteins of viral origin hamper the development of therapeutic antibodies. We propose an efficient approach allowing for enrichment of high-affinity antibodies against pathogen proteins with simultaneous epitope mapping, even in the absence of structural information about the pathogenic immunogens. To screen therapeutic antibodies from blood of recovered donors, only pathogen transcriptome is required to design an antigen polypeptide library, representing pathogen proteins, exposed on the bacteriophage surface. We developed a two-dimensional screening approach enriching lentiviral immunoglobulin libraries from the convalescent or vaccinated donors against bacteriophage library expressing the overlapping set of polypeptides covering the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This platform is suitable for pathogen-specific immunoglobulin enrichment and allows high-throughput selection of therapeutic human antibodies.

The application of ethnomathematics in teaching has many benefits. Cultural diversity can be an interactive learning resource for students. One culture that has high ethnomathematics potential is the Papuan Mountain culture. Although several examples of ethnomathematics have been found in Papuan culture, the design of ethnomathematics applications in learning is still very minimal. In addition, the lack of student involvement in the ethnomathematics exploration process is an important reason for the need to develop ethnomathematics-based learning based on 21st-century learning. The type of research is research development by using the nine stages of Dick and Carey’s development. The results of research and development concluded that the mountain ethnomathematics-based learning design was developed in 4 main stages, namely analysis, development design, implementation, and evaluation. Strategies that can be used in ethnomathematics-based learning in Papua Mountains to increase learner involvement and create meaningful learning are exploration, oriented to problem statements, constructing knowledge and experiences of learners based on their culture. The results of the analysis show that the ethnomathematics-based learning design of the culture of the Papua Mountains is good and feasible to implement with a validity index of 0.802 while the reliability index of rater agreement on the learning design is good, namely 0.896.

Abstract Background New prosthetic valves and surgical approaches that shorten operation time and improve the outcome of patients with aortic valve (AV) infective endocarditis (IE) and AV insufficiency (AVI) are crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with AV IE or AVI treated with the EDWARDS INTUITY Rapid-Deployment AV prosthesis for this off-label indication. Methods This single-centre retrospective study analyzed data from patients who underwent AV replacement with the EDWARDS INTUITY Rapid-Deployment AV prosthesis for AV IE or regurgitation. (n = 8 for IE and n = 6 for AVI). Results Heart-lung machine times were significantly shorter in the AVI group (111.3 ± 20.7 min) compared to the IE group (171.9 ± 52.4 min) (p = 0.02). Aortic cross-clamp followed a similar trend (73.7 ± 9.9 min for AVI vs. 113.4 ± 35.6 min for IE) (p = 0.02). The length of ICU stay was also shorter in the AVI group (3.8 ± 2.6 days) compared to the IE group (16.9 ± 8.9 days) (p = 0.005). Postoperative echocardiography revealed no paravalvular leakage or significant valvular dysfunction in any patient. One patient died postoperatively from aspiration pneumonia. Conclusion The INTUITY valve demonstrates as a safe option for complex AV IE and AVI surgery. Further prospective studies with larger patient cohorts are necessary to confirm these findings and explore the long-term benefits of this approach.

Abstract Some patients with autism and severe intellectual disability may experience uncontrolled aggression, causing serious injury or harm to others, and the therapeutic ineffectiveness of traditional pharmacological and behavioral treatment may aggravate symptoms. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been tested in patients with little evidence in children and adolescents. Therefore, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of DBS in refractory aggression in pediatric subjects with autism (ASD) and severe intelligence deficit (ID). Methods A meta-analytic review of Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus articles, following Prisma criteria. A total of 555 articles were identified, but after applying the inclusion criteria, only 18 were analyzed. The review of the registries and the extraction of information was performed by 2 independent groups, to reduce the evaluator’s bias. For the description of the results, pediatric patients with ASD or ID present in each registry, with an application of specialized scales (Overt aggression scale, OAS, and THE modified version of the OAS, MOAS) pre and post-DBS, with a clinical follow-up of at least 12 months, were considered valid. Clinical improvement was calculated using tests of aggressiveness. In each registry with available data and then pooling the means of all patients in the OAS and MOAS, the effect size of DBS (overall and per study) was estimated. Finally, the adapted NOS scale was applied to rate the studies’ quality and level of bias. Results In the studies analyzed, 65/100 were pediatric patients, with a mean age of 16.8 years. Most of the studies were conducted in South America and Europe. In all teams, aggressive behavior was intractable, but only 9 groups (53/65) applied specialized scales to measure aggressiveness, and of these, only 51 subjects had a follow-up of at least 12 months. Thus, in 48/51 a clinical improvement of patients was estimated (94.2%), with a considerable overall effect size (OAS: d = 4.32; MOAS: d = 1.46). However, adverse effects and complications were found in 13/65 subjects undergoing DBS. The brain target with the most evidence and the fewest side effects was the posteromedial hypothalamic nuclei (pHypN). Finally, applying the adapted NOS scale, quality, and bias, only 9 studies show the best indicators. Conclusion An optimal level of efficacy was found in only half of the publications. This is mainly due to design errors and irrelevant information in the reports. We believe that DBS in intractable aggressiveness in children and adolescents with ASD and severe ID can be safe and effective if working groups apply rigorous criteria for patient selection, interdisciplinary assessments, objective scales for aggressiveness, and known surgical targets.

Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan lanjutan dari yang sudah dilakukan tahun 2022 tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi angka kematian bayi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak sebaran penerima bantuan sosial PKH, terhadap angka kematian bayi dengan mengamati persyaratan yang ada dalam kebijakan PKH di Indonesia. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan diikuti pemberian solusi sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat penerima PKH yang tidak tepat sasaran. Jenis penelitian berupa korelasi dan expost facto dengan menggunakan pendekatan gabungan mix method. Metode dilakukan berurutan antara data kuantitatif yang didapatkan dari hasil survey pelaksanaan PKH di Klaten dan data kualitatif yang didapat dari hasil wawancara. Sampel yang digunakan adalah Kecamatan Bayat, Trucuk dan Jatinom dengan total seratus responden. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuisioner dengan teknik analisis deskriptif korelasi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa telah terjadi kondisi yang tidak ideal, di mana daerah dengan rata-rata pendapatan keluarga tinggi menerima lebih banyak bantuan sosial PKH dibandingkan daerah yang pendapatan rata-rata keluarganya lebih rendah. Sehingga, solusi yang dapat diberikan adalah melakukan pembaruan data penerima PKH setiap bulannya dengan melibatkan para stakeholder, serta penambahan kriteria yakni jumlah pendapatan yang dimiliki penerima bantuan sosial PKH.

Ice cream is a semi-solid food that is loved by all people. Goat's milk can be used in making ice cream because some of the nutritional content of goat's milk is superior to cow's milk, one of which is in terms of the composition of high medium chain fatty acids and fat globules with smaller diameters that are easily digested and beneficial for health. Red watermelon albedo flour extract (Citrullus vulgaris Schard.) contains pectin which can be used as a stabilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of adding variations in the concentration of red watermelon albedo flour extract on the quality of goat's milk ice cream in terms of chemical, physical, microbiological and organoleptic aspects and to determine the optimum concentration of using red watermelon albedo flour extract as a stabilizer. The experimental design used in this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatment concentrations of addition of red watermelon albedo flour extract, namely a concentration of 0% (control with CMC); 0.1%; 0.3% and 0.5%. The results showed that the addition of red watermelon albedo flour extract did not have a significant effect on the melting rate, fat content, total solids, sucrose content of total plate number (ALT) and Salmonella but had a significant effect on the overrun and protein content of goat's milk ice cream resulting from. The addition of 0.5% red watermelon albedo flour extract resulted in goat's milk ice cream with a melting rate of 18.72%; overrun of 29.11%; fat content of 6.32%; protein content of 4.49%; total solids by 39.95%; sucrose content of 41.75%; the total plate number is 2.71 x 102 CFU/g; negative Salmonella and the organoleptic value was 3.43.

Sengketa tanah akhir-akhir ini menjadi isu yang sangat sentral yang menjadikan skala prioritas segera bisa terselesaikan, ketidakberdayaan lembaga peradilan untuk menyelesaikan penyelesaian sengketa tanah diberbagai wilayah, menjadikan kepercayaan masyarakat berkurang. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penyelesaian lain (opsi lain), untuk mengatasi berbagai kasus penyelesaian pertanahan di negerini ini. Yaitu penyelesaiannya di luar pengadilan (Non Litigasi) Kota Depok, daerah Propinsi Jawa Barat, berbagai persoalan pertanahan banyak sekali yang tidak bisa diselesaikan, ketidakmampuan lembaga pemerintah Kantor Pertanahan Kota Depok, untuk segera mengatasi mungkin persoalan tersebut biar tidak menambah persoalan menjadi semakin sulit. Permasalahan bidang pertanahan di wilayah Kota Depok Jawa Barat mempengaruhi berbagai faktor, karena wilayah depok yang bersinggungan langsung dengan pusar pemerintahan DKI Jakarta, sehingga kebutuhan tanah menjadi hal yang tidak bisa dihindari, hal ini menjadi permasalahn dibidang pertanahan menjadi eskalali tinggi. Untuk mencari solusi agar permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi, harapan permasalahan selesai maka tanah dapat dimanfaatkan secara ekonomi. Salah satu alternatif solusi untuk menyelesaikan penyelesaian pertanahan dengan melalui Mediasi (Non Litigasi), disisi lain hal tersebut dapat dilakukan secara efektif dan efisien, dengan biaya murah, waktu singkat, dengan sebuah syarat bahwa para pihak dalam penyelesaian pertanahan dapat menerima dengan rasa keadilan. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dalam bentuk penyuluhan hukum yang bertemakan “Penyuluhan Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Tanah Atau Lahan Melalui Jalur Non Litigasi atau Diluar Ranah Pengadilan Diwilayah Kelurahan Pangkalan Jati Baru Kecamatan Cinere Kota Depok” diharapkan bisa memberikan solusi atau opsi bagi permasalahan yang saat ini masih terjadi di Kelurahan Pangkalan Jati Baru Kecamatan Cinere Kota Depok. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini sudah sebelumnya pernah dilaksanakan dua kali tahun 2021 dan tahun ini 2022 dengan tema berbeda. Kegiatan Abdimas ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah, diskusi dengan menghadirkan perangkat kelurahan, tokoh masyarakat, ketua RT, RW yang ada dilingkungan kelurahan Pangkalan Jati Baru. Kesimpulan Dari hasil kegiatan Abdimas masyarakat sangat antusias banyaknya pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang dilontarkan kepada penyaji dan keingintahuan tentang pertanahan sangat serius, peserta Abdimas menyarankan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bisa berkesinambungan memberikan wacana atau gambaran hal hal yang berkaitan dengan penebangan lahan atau dengan tema yang lain

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic infection with severe brain damage caused by the JC-virus, against the background of immunosuppressive conditions. The diagnosis of PML is complex and includes: the clinical picture, neuroimaging data, the presence of JC-virus DNA in samples of cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue. HIV-associated PML is difficult to diagnose. In patients with multiple sclerosis, an increase in the incidence of PML is associated with the use of natalizumab. Increasing alertness towards the development and detection of PML makes it possible to achieve a favorable outcome.

Noise is an unwanted sound from a business or activity at a certain level and at a particular time that can cause disturbances to human health and environmental comfort. Noise can cause psychological and physiological impacts. The Ind is one of the largest industrial areas in Bekasi Regency, West Java. This study aims to analyse the noise levels around the industrial area of Jababeka-Cikarang. This type of research is survey research with a quantitative approach. This study measures the sound intensity level in the Jababeka–Cikarang area, up to a distance of 20 km from the Jababeka – Cikarang area. Data analysis used descriptive analysis in the form of graphs. The study results show that the noise level in the Jababeka-Cikarang area exceeds the threshold set by the Threshold, which is 70 dB to 85 dB.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of plyometric training alone versus plyometric training combined with static stretching on vertical jump performance in untrained students enrolled in their third year of Sciences and Techniques of Physical Activities and Sports (STAPS). A total of 45 participants, including 9 females aged between 21 and 23 years, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: two experimental groups and one control group, each comprising 15 subjects. The participants had an average age of 23 ± 1.17 years, a body mass of 57 ± 5.84 kg, and a height of 1.69 ± 0.07 meters. Prior to the intervention, all subjects underwent baseline vertical jump testing using a Myotest device, which simultaneously recorded jump height, speed, and the power and strength of the lower limb muscles. After an 8-week training period, these parameters were re-evaluated. Results indicated a significant improvement in vertical jump height, speed, and lower limb strength and power across plyometric training alone (GE1) and a group undergoing plyometric training combined with static stretching (GE2) (p≤ 0.05). Notably, the group undergoing plyometric training combined with static stretching exhibited significantly superior results compared to the group receiving plyometric training alone (p

The border area of a country is a manifestation of its sovereignty. Security in border areas becomes a challenge for every country because the border area is generally a space for the development of asymmetric warfare threats, especially in its position as the National Capital. East Kalimantan is a manifestation of Indonesia's border area that has the potential to face complex asymmetric warfare threats. This research is a qualitative study aimed at analyzing the forms of asymmetric warfare threats to East Kalimantan as a border area and the National Capital. Based on the research, it is concluded that East Kalimantan is a strategic border area with complex security risks. This area is characterized by actual and potential asymmetric warfare threats ranging from local to transnational scales, such as local conflicts, transnational crimes, and terrorist threats. Threats to East Kalimantan at least have an impact on national security, both directly and indirectly. Therefore, the threats in East Kalimantan need to be a shared concern, given that security gaps in border areas are vulnerable to being exploited by asymmetric actors to present threats.

Mathematical education requires innovative didactic strategies to enhance the understanding and application of mathematical concepts, as traditional teaching methods often lack relevance. This methodology aims to develop a problem-solving scientific approach called design thinking as a strategy for learning mathematics functions. The study was applied to a sample of 138 students of biochemical, biological, and industrial engineering careers attending the first academic cycle at the Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Particular Technical University of Loja-Ecuador. The methodology uses a quasi-experimental design with a convenience sampling method. All participants were divided into a control group (C, D, K) and an experimental group (P, Q, R). Knowledge, skills, perceptions, and engagement were measured through pretest, posttest, workshop, rubric, project, and survey instruments. The pretest results indicate that both groups had similar knowledge of mathematical functions (pretest mean experimental group: 1.42/2 and mean control group: 1.55/2). Moreover, after applying design thinking strategy to the experimental group, variables questionnaire, project, and workshop show statistical differences (p

Introducción. Durante las últimas décadas, se ha observado un creciente interés por parte de las personas consumidoras en productos agroalimentarios sostenibles. Debido a esto, han surgido normativas voluntarias que se han convertido en una herramienta para promover la sostenibilidad en la producción y consumo en las cadenas de valor agroalimentarias. Objetivo. Evaluar el perfil de las personas consumidoras y el grado de conocimiento sobre sellos de sostenibilidad de los productos agrícolas en los mercados costarricenses. Materiales y métodos. Durante los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2021, se llevó a cabo una encuesta virtual a nivel nacional a través de la plataforma Qualtrics de la que se recopilaron 397 respuestas válidas. Los sellos de sostenibilidad considerados fueron certificaciones de producción orgánica, comercio justo, denominación de origen, marca país-esencial Costa Rica y carbono neutral. Se empleó el modelo de regresión de Poisson (PRM) para estudiar el comportamiento de las variables, con el software Stata versión 16.0. Resultados. El sello Esencial Costa Rica es el más reconocido. Las personas que residen en el Gran Área Metropolitana (GAM) están más familiarizadas con diversos sellos. La variable ingreso resultó ser un factor significativo; aquellos con ingresos más altos tienden a identificar y valorar más los sellos de sostenibilidad. El nivel de conocimiento y consumo de productos certificados aumentan cuando la persona consumidora posee algún vínculo con el sector agropecuario Conclusiones. El interés de las personas en productos certificados, no se ve refleado en el comportamiento de compra debido en parte al precio de los productos, falta de confianza o exceso de información en las etiquetas. Los hallazgos del estudio permiten a las empresas definir sus estrategias de comercialización según las características de los consumidores de estos productos diferenciados.

This paper reflects upon the construction of narratives presented by students of 10th grade from a public institution in the EFL classroom in Colombia. This study was developed using an Action Research method and a sociocritical paradigm to encourage continuous constructions of decolonial narratives among the students. Furthermore, the exploration of narratives shows various significance from economic, social, and cultural perspectives about the role of the language in their context and the influence on their future that stems from their socio-cultural contexts that see English as the only way to success. Finally, the importance of a critical pedagogy approach to critique the reproduction of colonial narratives to develop a broader understanding of English learning.

The formation of the army's image has acquired newfound significance in our time. Paradoxically, alongside the spread of humanist ideology, the number of violent conflicts worldwide is increasing. These stimulates the need for propaganda aimed at shaping the image of the army and enhancing the attractiveness of service. As one of the world's largest military forces, the US army has engaged in a diverse array of conflicts with over 750 military bases in approximately 80 countries (Kohli 2020). A diverse range of tools is employed to shape the image of the US army, including media, recruitment campaigns, social media, public events, etc. Among these tools, movies have their specific role. While traditionally intended for entertainment, movies have been used for over a century as a means to shape public opinion. This article delves into the main attributes of the US Army as a social institution, analyzing its four fundamental characteristics: the Militia Tradition, Mobilization Miracles, Man-Mindedness, Maritime Influence, the weapon and the enemy as distinctive attributes. Additionally, it features the seven core values of the US Army: Loyalty, Duty, Respect, Selfless Service, Honor, Integrity, and Personal Courage. The article provides a detailed analysis of how various components of movie production tools communicate the attributes and core values of the US Army and contribute to shaping its image, examining a high-viewership movie “Interceptor” (2022). The goal of the study was to find out the image of the US Army that “Interceptor” projects and to identify the verbal and visual communicative means it uses for this purpose. The content analysis made it possible to distinguish verbal and visual elements of the movie, encompassing human voice, mise-en-scène, as well as film editing techniques, to identify and highlight the messages and ideas conveyed about the attributes of the US Army.

Three-dimensional (3D) culture is a technique commonly utilized in bioprocessing and biomedical research. Exosomes have been investigated as carriers for medications in numerous studies employing 3D culture methodologies. The objective of this research is to employ 3D cell culture for the isolation and treatment of exosomes targeting colon cancer cells. The isolation of exosomes obtained from HEK293 cells was conducted through the ultracentrifugation technique. Subsequently, exosome treatment was administered to WiDr cells at concentrations of 3.5 µg/ml, 7 µg/ml, and 14 µg/ml.The validation of molecular markers of exosomes (CD9 and CD81), along with BAX, BCL-2, and CD133, was performed using qRT-PCR. The findings revealed the successful isolation of exosomes derived from HEK293 cells, which exhibited the expression of markers CD9 and CD81. Furthermore, the expression of BAX and BCL-2 indicated the potential of exosomes to induce apoptosis, while the expression level of CD133 decreased with treatment at varying concentrations. These results suggest that exosome treatment has the capability to impede the proliferation of WiDr cells and reduce the expression of CD133, thereby signifying the potential application of exosomes as an in-vitro model for investigating cancer therapy in the future.

Nickel laterite is typically processed into ferronickel through a pyrometallurgical method involving high temperatures and the use of fossil fuels, such as coals or cokes. Unfortunately, this process releases emissions like CO2, SO2, and NOx into the environment. This study explores a sustainable approach for nickel laterite processing by investigating low-temperature selective reduction using various biomass reductants. The materials, including saprolitic nickel ore and biomass types (palm kernel shell charcoal or PSC, lamtoro wood charcoal, coconut shell charcoal, and rubber wood charcoal), undergo pelletization, selective reduction at 1150 °C, and wet magnetic separation. PSC biomass is superior to other biomass due to its 217.2 m2/g specific surface area value. Optimal conditions were achieved using 0.3 stoichiometric PSC, along with the addition of 10 wt% of sodium sulfate as an additive. This has led to a nickel mass fraction of 26.0 wt% and a recovery rate of 27.4 %.

Monitoring turtle behavior is a conservation effort to preserve its habitat, and the detection process is a vital initial stage. On the other hand, robotics demands a deep learning network to automatically detect the presence of sea turtles that can operate in real-time. The need for increased model speed in the inference stage has led to many lightweight vision-based detectors. This work proposes a novel turtle detection to localize multiple sea turtles using a deep learning method. A lightweight primary extractor is applied to distinguish crucial features without producing a huge computational. An excited group attention is offered as an enhancement module that can capture essential turtle components in multi-level convolutional patches. A new turtle dataset is proposed that contains lighting, blur, occlusion, and complex background challenges. The evaluation results show that the proposed model performs higher accuracy than other lightweight object detection models. High-efficiency benefits models that can be implemented on low-end devices in terms of real-time data processing speed.

Keberadaan air irigasi yang kontinyu sepanjang tahun menjadi hal penting dalam pengelolaan suatu jaringan irigasi. Keberadaan air ini tidak terlepas dari adanya jaringan irigasi yang tertata dan terawat dengan baik sehingga kehilangan air bisa ditekan atau dikurangi. Melihat Kondisi ini maka Program Studi Teknik Rekayasa Konstruksi Bangunan Air Jurusan Teknik Sipil Politeknik Negeri Bali memandang sangat perlu melakukan pendampingan inventarisasi kerusakan jaringan irigasi untuk memperoleh gambaran perbaikan jaringan irigasi di Subak Laud, Daerah Irigasi Gunungsari di Desa Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali. Metode kegiatan dilakukan dengan melakukan inventarisasi kegiatan lapangan untuk mendapatkan kondisi jaringan saat ini, kondisi kerusakan serta usulan perbaikan yang diusulkan oleh Pekaseh Subak (ketua kelompok petani pemakai air di Bali). Kegiatan ini dilakukan oleh team dosen, mahasiswa pengurus Subak dan tokoh Masyarakat Desa Sukawati. Hasil dari kegiatan ini berupa dokumen teknis kerusakan jaringan irigasi Subak Laud yang bisa dijadikan dasar dalam melakukan perhitungan biaya perbaikan dan selanjutnya bisa dijadikan usulan ke Dinas terkait seperti Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Gianyar atau Balai Wilayah Sungai Bali Penida. Kebaruan dari kegiatan ini adalah adanya kolaborasi oleh beberapa elemen seperti kampus, Subak dan masyarakat sehingga hasil Penelitian ini berbasis kepada usaha perbaikan yang telah berpedoman kepada kearifan lokal dan kebiasaan petani yang didukung dengan sistem teknis yang berlaku

Managing physics laboratory equipment often necessitates substantial funding, resulting in infrequent physics practicums, particularly in schools located in remote and economically challenging areas (3T areas). This research endeavors to address this challenge by developing a valid and practical physics experiment module based on smartphone sensors, thereby facilitating easier access to experiments for students. Employing a research and development (R&D) approach, the development process adheres to the Borg & Gall procedural model. Material experts validated the module, yielding an average score of 90.75% in the appropriate category, while media experts rated it 88.75% in the highly suitable category. A practicality test involving 25 students produced an average score of 89.25% in response to the questionnaire. The research results show that this smartphone-based physics experiment module is valid and practical so it can be recommended for high school laboratory practicums, providing a cost-effective and easily accessible solution for improving physics education.

This study aims to describe the application of Collaborative Governance in Stunting Handling Policy in Samarinda City. This research is important to do because the success achieved by a collaboration can reflect the readiness of stakeholders to overcome problems that exist in the community. This research uses descriptive techniques with a qualitative approach. The research was conducted in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan using the theory of 5 stages of collaboration by Tirell and Clay, and 8 criteria for successful collaboration by De Seve. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is according to Miles and Huberman. The results showed that the implementation of Collaborative Governance in the Stunting Handling Policy in Samarinda City is still not running optimally. This can be seen through the obstacles of one of the criteria in De Seve's 8 criteria for successful collaboration. The obstacles faced are that there are still policymakers who do not understand their role in stunting reduction efforts, and there are still silos of mentality between parties involved in stunting reduction in the city of Samarinda. Collaboration that has not been optimal has resulted in the Samarinda City Government has not been able to reduce the prevalence of stunting in Samarinda City.

This qualitative descriptive study aims to explore the pragmatic significance of rarely researched Javanese silly gags. The primary objective is to examine the markers and implications of these gags in daily communication, particularly focusing on their various categories. Utilizing social media fragments as the primary source, the research employs the note-taking method for listening. Subsequent steps include the identification, classification, and characterization of Javanese silly gags into five distinct categories: (1) Silly jokes for enthusiasm, (2) Silly jokes for sarcasm, (3) Silly jokes for satire, (4) Silly jokes for exasperation, and (5) Silly jokes for enigmatic humor. The equivalent analysis method is then applied, specifically using contextual equivalents through a comparative linking technique for in-depth data analysis. The emphasis on context is considered a crucial factor in conducting purpose-oriented pragmatic studies. The analysis reveals valuable insights into the diverse functions of Javanese silly gags, showcasing their significance in daily communication. The identified categories provide a comprehensive understanding of how these gags serve various purposes, from expressing enthusiasm to conveying sarcasm, satire, exasperation, and enigmatic humor. The social media fragments prove to be rich sources for uncovering the nuances of Javanese silly gags and their markers. The findings of this study shed light on the multifaceted nature of Javanese silly gags, highlighting their importance in preserving a unique form of humor. The study emphasizes the potential threat posed by the younger generation’s lack of comprehension. It underscores the need to preserve and understand Javanese silly gags in the evolving landscape of communication. Overall, this research contributes to the broader understanding of pragmatic aspects in Javanese humor, emphasizing the cultural and communicative significance of these often-overlooked forms of expression.

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly metastatic disease for which better therapies are urgently needed. Fibroblasts and macrophages are heterogeneous cell populations able to enhance metastasis, but the role of a macrophage-fibroblast crosstalk in regulating their pro-metastatic functions remains poorly understood. Here we deconvolve how macrophages regulate metastasis-associated fibroblast (MAF) heterogeneity in the liver. We identify three functionally distinct MAF populations, among which the generation of pro-metastatic and immunoregulatory myofibroblastic-MAFs (myMAFs) critically depends on macrophages. Mechanistically, myMAFs are induced through a STAT3-dependent mechanism driven by macrophage-derived progranulin and cancer cell-secreted leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF). In a reciprocal manner, myMAF secreted osteopontin promotes an immunosuppressive macrophage phenotype resulting in the inhibition of cytotoxic T cell functions. Pharmacological blockade of STAT3 or myMAF-specific genetic depletion of STAT3 restores an anti-tumour immune response and reduces metastases. Our findings provide molecular insights into the complex macrophage–fibroblast interactions in tumours and reveal potential targets to inhibit PDAC liver metastasis.

Background: Robusta green coffee bean extract toothpaste was an alternative product for preventing caries and periodontal disease. As a product, a hedonic test to determine consumer acceptance and satisfaction was needed. This research assessed the preference level for Robusta green coffee bean extract toothpaste among students at the University of Jember, Indonesia. Methods: This is an experimental and analytical observational study. The Robusta green coffee bean was extracted using the maceration method with 96% ethanol. The toothpaste was made by mixing placebo paste ingredients with Robusta green coffee bean extract at concentrations of 0.0625%, 0.125%, 0.25%, and 0.5%. The hedonic test included color, aroma, and texture parameters with a Likert scale and was carried out in the period August-November 2023 by 30 students from the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, who were healthy, without allergies, and did not smoke SPSS vr26 was used and the mean score was calculated as the level of preference. Statistical test with Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann Whitney with p-value0.05). Conclusion: Robusta green coffee bean extract toothpaste with concentrations of 0.25% and 0.5% were preferred by consumers.

Introduction. Natalizumab (NTZ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that selectively inhibits α4-integrin adhesion molecule located on the surface of lymphocytes and prevents their trafficking into the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of lymphocyte population and subpopulation pattern in the peripheral blood (PB) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who discontinued NTZ due to an increased risk of developing developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Materials and methods. We conducted an open-label prospective observational study in 26 MS patients. Of those, 6 patients had rapidly progressive MS, 10 patients discontinued NTZ and had confirmed relapses afterwards, and 10 patients received NTZ and had no relapses during the washout period. Ten apparently healthy individuals were used as controls. Cell-mediated immunity parameters were evaluated by flow cytometry using a panel of mAbs to differentiation antigens of PB lymphocytes. Results. Patients who discontinued NTZ had significantly decreased absolute lymphocyte counts in PB, decreased T-cytotoxic, NKT and B1 lymphocyte subpopulation levels, and decreased activated T-cell (CD3+HLA–DR+) levels, which may be related to their redistribution, passing through the blood-brain barrier, and trafficking into the central nervous system. CD20+ В-cell levels did not differ from normal. Additional immune predictors of MS relapses after NTZ discontinuation can include decreased absolute count of PB lymphocytes and decreased percentage of CD3+CD8+ T-cell, NKT-cell, and B1-cell (CD19+CD5+) subpopulations. Significantly increased levels of CD25+- and CD38+-activated B-cells compared with the normal levels in naïve patients and subjects without relapses after NTZ discontinuation may suggest a high activation potential of the circulating B-cell pool and, therefore, a high risk of MS relapses. Conclusions. The changes in the lymphocyte subpopulation pattern in the PB of MS patients after NTZ discontinuation may have a prognostic value for assessing the risk of relapses; they justified switching patients to anti-B-cell therapy.

The article outlines the ways of engaging young people in the development of civil society in Ukraine. Socially and politically active young people are one of the necessary conditions for forming a democratic society and establishing sustainable and functioning civil society institutions. Therefore, in this paper, the scholars aim to identify the ways of youth interaction with public authorities in Ukraine and general levels of youth civic engagement, as well as to characterize the culture of citizenship as a factor in involving young people in civil society development. The research reveals the relevant issue regarding the prominent role of civil society in various spheres of activity of state authorities and local self-government bodies, a qualitatively new level of interaction between civil society, especially youth as an active part of it, and state and local self-government bodies in order to establish effective dialogue and partnership relations of state bodies authorities, local self-government bodies with civil society organizations. The research combined interdisciplinary approaches of several related scientific fields (political science, public administration and education), which allowed to set broader goals and find new ways for improving youth engagement in the development of civil society in Ukraine. The authors developed and conducted an expert survey on youth engagement in the development of civil society and identified possible ways to improve youth participation in public and political life. Authors interviewed 24 experts aged from 18 to 60 years from various fields who are interested in building a democratic state governed by the rule of law: leaders and members of public organizations, teachers of higher education institutions, scholars, deputies of regional and local councils, civil society activists and businessmen. It was determined that the effective participation of youth in decision-making processes consists in creating opportunities to involve youth in influencing, shaping, developing and promoting policy and development of services and programs. These opportunities are created by developing a range of formal and informal mechanisms for youth participation, from youth advisory groups to focus groups, from ongoing consultation work to supporting youth projects. As a result of the study, the authors developed a set of conclusions and recommendations addressed to educational institutions, public authorities, local governments and civil society organizations.

Non-flaky crackers are a snack made from wheat flour, which are not layered, dense, massive, and crunchy. The crackers in this study were made by combining flour, pigeon pea tempeh flour (Cajanus cajan) and black garlic (Allium sativum). The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the crackers and the best combination of flour, pigeon pea tempeh flour and black garlics. This study used a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The ratio of flour, pigeon pea tempeh flour, and black garlic in the control was 100:0:0; in product A that is 85:10:15; in product B that is 70:20:10; and in product C that is 55:30:5. Crackers of all treatments were analyzed chemically, physically, microorganism, and organoleptic. Crackers with the best combination were product A with a ratio of 85% flour: 10% pigeon pea tempeh flour: and 5% black garlics with a moisture content of 3.36%, ash content of 1.46%, fat content of 20.56%, protein content of 9.35%, carbohydrate content 65.26%, antioxidant activity of 51.25%, total plate number of 1.7 x 102, total yeast and mould of 7.6 x 101, texture of 10.64 N and organoleptic score of 3.13.