Search

Background: Teachers continue to face challenges in applying Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in classroom settings. Many mathematics teachers, in particular, lack adequate preparation and mastery of the three core components of TPACK. Aim: This study aims to investigate and analyze differences in TPACK proficiency among mathematics teachers based on their teaching experience and certification status. Method: Adopting a mixed-method approach with a sequential explanatory design, the study involved 65 Islamic Junior and Senior High School mathematics teachers in Palu City, selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Additionally, four teachers were interviewed to gain deeper insights. The instruments used included TPACK questionnaires and structured interview guidelines. Results: The findings revealed no significant differences in TPACK proficiency between certified and non-certified mathematics teachers. While teachers demonstrated a solid understanding of content and appropriate teaching methods, they seldom incorporated technology into their instruction. Furthermore, teaching experience showed no substantial impact on TPACK proficiency. Junior teachers were observed to have better familiarity with technology, while senior teachers exhibited greater adaptability in managing diverse classroom situations. Conclusion: Certification status and teaching experience do not significantly influence TPACK proficiency among mathematics teachers. The primary barrier to integrating technology lies in limited access to adequate facilities. Continued professional development initiatives are essential to enhance teachers' technological competencies and their integration into classroom practices.

The possibility of high-quality labour force reproduction is a key condition for forming a knowledge-intensive production system, ensuring the necessary level of technological sovereignty and economic self-sufficiency against the background of the deteriorating geo-economic situation. The study’s aim is to identify and assess the risks to economic security in the context of human potential development on the example of regions in Russia’s Volga Federal District. Methodologically, the re search relies on Senchagov–Mityakov zonal theory as well as on a political economy approach. The methods include a historical-logical method, comparative analysis, and an index method. The data is the indicators reflecting the standard of living and the degree of human potential development for 2010–2022 coming from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The decile ratio and the percentage of population with income below the subsistence level capture the greatest risks to regional economic security. The problem traced by the decile ratios is the acutest in the Perm krai and the Nizhny Novgorod oblast, in terms of poverty – in the Mari El Republic, the Chuvash Republic, and the Republic of Mordovia. The most favourable situation has emerged with the unemployment rate, especially in such industrially de veloped regions as the Republic of Tatarstan, the Udmurt Republic, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The findings confirm the need for an active state policy focusing on the development of social sphere and reduction of inequality, prioritising the development of the institutional environment, and expanding financial incentives in the innovative segment of the national economy.

Abstract Background The infections of bacterial origin represent a significant problem to the public healthcare worldwide both in clinical and community settings. Recent decade was marked by limiting treatment options for bacterial infections due to growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) acquired and transferred by various bacterial species, especially the ones causing healthcare-associated infections, which has become a dangerous issue noticed by the World Health Organization. Numerous reports shown that the spread of AMR is often driven by several species-specific lineages usually called the ‘global clones of high risk’. Thus, it is essential to track the isolates belonging to such clones and investigate the mechanisms of their pathogenicity and AMR acquisition. Currently, the whole genome-based analysis is more and more often used for these purposes, including the epidemiological surveillance and analysis of mobile elements involved in resistance transfer. However, in spite of the exponential growth of available bacterial genomes, their representation usually lack uniformity and availability of supporting metadata, which creates a bottleneck for such investigations. Description In this database, we provide the results of a thorough genomic analysis of 61,857 genomes of a highly dangerous bacterial pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Important isolate typing information including multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types (STs), assignment of the isolates to known global clones, capsular (KL) and lipooligosaccharide (O) types, the presence of CRISPR-Cas systems, and cgMLST profiles are given, and the information regarding the presence of AMR, virulence genes and plasmid replicons within the genomes is provided. Conclusion This database is freely available under CC BY-NC-SA at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11069018 . The database will facilitate selection of the proper reference isolate sets for any types of genome-based investigations. It will be helpful for investigations in the field of K. pneumoniae genomic epidemiology, as well as antimicrobial resistance analysis and the development of prevention measures against this important pathogen.

Background. The article is devoted the topical issue of the impact of digital transformation processes in all spheres of human activity on the choice of means of personal and professional formation and development among student youth. The issue study was conducted by the authors in the form of a sociological experiment on the basis of the Volga State University of Water Transport in Nizhny Novgorod (hereinafter referred to as the VSUWT). The subject of the study is video content produced in Russia and abroad. Purpose. The authors aim to study the relevance and number of viewing Russian and foreign video content in the Internet among the students of VSUWT. Methodology. The research is based on statistical and mathematical methods of data collecting and processing. A sociological experiment without observing subsequent changes is an empirical, descriptive study conducted through specially designed electronic survey forms in the Internet on the Yandex platform, as well as oral standardized interviewing. Results. The results of the study are that the authors reveal a high demand for video content in the Internet among the younger generation of the considered socio-demographic group in the absence of a specific priority regarding its origin country. Statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that the main goals of watching video content are both entertainment and vocational education, contributing to the formation of future specialists. Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in solving the problem of sociological assessment of digital transformation success on the platform of transport and other specialized universities, as well as in the process of improving the digital literacy level in modern society, in the search for effective ways of socializing a person in the information-boosted environment. Moreover, the demand for video content is a promising guideline in optimizing the higher professional education system. The popularity of digitalized information among students can help to increase the motivation of young people to self-education.

Introduction. Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious alpha-herpes virus. The diagnosis of chickenpox remains a difficult task especially in cases of breakthrough chickenpox, so the development of reliable laboratory tests is necessary. The simplest and most sensitive serological test for detecting antibodies in human and animal sera is the passive hemagglutination reaction (PHAR). The aim. To develop of a simple, highly sensitive and specific serological tests for the detection of antibodies to VZV in human and animal blood sera. Materials and methods. Human and animal cell cultures; various strains of VZV; human and animal immune sera; monoclonal antibody to VZV glycoprotein (GP) E. Formalin-treated erythrocytes of sheep, chickens and goats, sensibilised with GP of VZV from a virus-containing supernatant were used for PHAR. Results. Cell cultures with the maximum cytopathic effect at VZV infection were selected. A simple original method for obtaining virus-specific VZV GPs using lectins has been developed. Purified GPs were obtained by their elution from sheep erythrocytes after adsorption. The activity of VZV GP was confirmed in PHAR by an antibody diagnostic assay using formalin-treated sheep erythrocytes sensibilised using monoclonal antibodies to GP E of the “vOka” VZV strain (USA). Using GPs from different VZV strains, PHAR test and GP-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpELISA) have been developed to detect antibodies in human and animal immune sera. These tests have high sensitivity, specificity and lack of cross-reactivity. Conclusion. A highly specific, sensitive and reproducible tests for the detection of antibodies to VZV have been developed.

Introduction. Bats are recognized as primary natural reservoirs for alpha- and betacoronaviruses. The interspecies transmission of bat coronaviruses to other mammalian hosts, including livestock and humans, can lead to epidemics, epizootics, and global pandemics. Objective. This study aims to describe coronaviruses associated with horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus spp.) in the southern regions of the European part of Russia. Materials and methods. Fecal samples were collected from bats inhabiting caves on the southern macroslope of the Greater Caucasus (Sochi-Adler region) during 2020, 2021, and 2024. Viral genomes were detected and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing (NGS) and RT-PCR. Results. A novel alphacoronavirus, designated Kudep virus (GenBank acc. # PQ649435), was identified in R. ferrumequinum. Presumably the Kudep virus represents a novel species within the subgenus Decacovirus of the genus Alphacoronavirus. The virus Showed 72% nucleotide identity to a Cardioderma bat coronavirus from Kenya and up to 67% nucleotide identity to the YN2012 virus group found in horseshoe bats in China. RT-PCR screening revealed active circulation of both Kudep virus and the previously described SARS-like betacoronavirus Khosta-1 in the study area. Infection rates in a single R. ferrumequinum colony during autumn 2021 reached 59.2% and 70.5% for Kudep and Khosta-1, respectively. Frequent co-infections with both viruses were observed in individual bats. Conclusion. Our findings expand the understanding of the distribution of bat alphacoronaviruses and their genetic diversity. We demonstrate the presence of a persistent natural foci of two potentially zoonotic bat coronaviruses, ecologically associated with R. ferrumequinum in the southern European part of Russia.

The aim of the study is to apply mathematical methods to generate forecasts of the dynamics of random values of the percentage increase in the total number of infected people and the percentage increase in the total number of recovered and deceased patients. The obtained forecasts are used for retrospective forecasting of COVID-19 epidemic process dynamics in St. Petersburg and in Moscow. Materials and methods. When conducting a retrospective analysis and forecasting the dynamics of the total number of cases and the dynamics of the total number of patients who have either died or recovered, the values of percentage increases in these indicators were used. Retrospective analysis and forecasting of the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic process were carried out over 14-day time intervals, starting from March 25, 2020 to January 20, 2021, using the time series forecasting method proposed by the authors. Results and discussion. The retrospective two-week forecasts of the total number of cases and the number of active cases presented in the paper demonstrated a high accuracy performance, both in Moscow and St. Petersburg. The MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) for the total number of cases at the peaks of incidence, generally, did not exceed 1%. It is shown that the accuracy of the obtained retrospective forecasts of the total number of cases in St. Petersburg, built starting from May 2020, has increased significantly compared to the April forecasts. A similar conclusion can be made regarding the forecasts of the total number of cases in Moscow in April and May 2020.

Oncolytic viruses represent a promising class of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant tumors. The proposed mechanism of action of various oncolytic viruses has initially been explained by the ability of such viruses to selectively lyse tumor cells without damaging healthy ones. Recently, there have emerged more studies determining the effect of the antiviral immunostimulating mechanisms on the effectiveness of treatment in cancer patients. Stimulation of innate immune cells by an oncolytic virus can initiate an adaptive antitumor immune response, yet at the same time, the antiviral mechanisms of the immune system can limit the spread of the virus, thereby reducing its effectiveness. Thus, the success of the clinical application of the oncolytic viruses directly depends on the three key components: tumor immunosuppression, antiviral responses, and antitumor immune responses. The review presents current data on the influence of pattern recognition receptors on the effectiveness of oncolytic viruses.

The article examines the emerging national carbon market in Russia, the incentives and competitive advantages of domestic business at the carbon market as the economic basis for development and implementation of carbon sequestration projects in Russia. The Russian Federation, which has committed itself to taking measures to mitigate climate change, has set a goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 in two possible ways: through direct emissions reduction and carbon capture (sequestration), storage (deposition). The national carbon trading system being actively created in Russia allows the state to fulfill its international climate obligations, but at the same time act as an independent regulator in this area and proactively protect domestic producers from possible unfair competition and arbitrariness on the part of participants in the global carbon market.

Aim. To create a mathematical model, which will predict the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2) in individuals with visceral obesity and/or prediabetes. Materials and methods. Clinical and laboratory data of 330 patients were analyzed. Multivariate regression and cosinor analysis determined the most sensitive parameters influencing the development of DM 2. With the help of discriminant linear analysis, a mathematical model for predicting DM 2 was built, with confirmation of its quality by ROC analysis. Results. In the studied groups (DM 2), prediabetes and without carbohydrate metabolism disorders (n=110), statistically significant correlations were obtained: between basal body temperature (BBT) and daily energy value – DEV (r=0.5; p0.0001), circadian rhythm amplitude glycemia and waist circumference (r=-0.7; p=0.004), age and BBT (r=0.5; p0.001). In groups without carbohydrate metabolism disorders and prediabetes, multiple regression analysis identified significant factors influencing the development of DM 2: daily amplitude of BBT, daily amplitude of glycemia and bedtime (p=0.001), DEV and meal time (p=0.0001). Cosinor analysis of the daily model of glycemia and BBT established an amplitude-phase shift (p=0.028; p=0.012). Linear discriminant analysis yielded a predictive model: D=-16.845 + age х 0.044 + gender х 0.026 + amplitude of circadian rhythm of BBT х 1.424 + amplitude of circadian rhythm of glycemia х 11.155 + bedtime х 0.054 + DEV х 0.0001 + waist circumference х 0.022 + glycated hemoglobin х 1.19, where -16.845 – constant, 0.044, 0.026, 1.424, 11.155, 0.054, 0.0001, 0.022, 1.19 – coefficients of the linear discriminant function. At D0 no development of DM 2 is predicted, at D0 the development of DM 2 is in the near future. Sensitivity ratio – 92.5%, specificity – 79.1% (ROC analysis). Conclusion. The presented predictive model has a high (92.5%) sensitivity due to the combination of 2 mathematical analyses. Most of the applied parameters are modifiable, which makes it possible to apply this model at the preventive stage.

Background. Uterine fibroid (UF) is one of the most relevant conditions in modern gynecology, adversely impacting the quality of life of patients with a symptomatic course. In addition, it can be a risk factor for reduced fertility or even infertility, significantly limiting reproductive potential. The impact of a benign tumor on the endometrium state is currently being actively discussed, which may become another potential target in UF therapy. Aim. To evaluate the effect of hormonal therapy of symptomatic UF on the endometrium morphological and functional features and receptivity in patients of reproductive age. Materials and methods. A pilot randomized prospective study was conducted, which included 45 patients of reproductive age with UF sized less than 12 obstetric weeks, mostly intramural localization (types 3–6 according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics). Group 1 (n=24) included patients with UF who were treated with a selective progesterone receptor modulator, mifepristone 50 mg per day, and group 2 (n=21) – with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin acetate 3.75 mg once every 28 days for 3 months. The samples from all patients were subjected to immunohistochemical examination before the start of drug therapy and at the first menstruation after the end of treatment. Results. After 3 months of therapy, a more prominent improvement in the endometrium receptor status was noted in the mifepristone group due to a decrease in the ratio of progesterone to estrogen [2.21±0.47 vs 3.34 (1.42; 5.83) in group 1 and 2.35±0.35 vs 3.78 (3.11; 5.05) in group 2] and normalization of the level of leukemia inhibitory factor (mean value 9.4±3.51 vs 6.95±1.76). Conclusion. A personalized approach to UF drug therapy is pathogenetically justified and helps to alleviate UF symptoms and improve patients' quality of life. Selective progesterone receptor modulators increase fertility, improve the receptivity and morphological and functional features of the endometrium, and reduce the need for surgeries, which is especially important in patients of reproductive age.

Aim. To improve reproductive health and quality of life of patients with genital prolapse combined with elongation, cicatricial deformation of the cervix. Materials and methods. The study included 43 patients with genital prolapse of grades I–II according to the POP-Q classification in combination with elongation and cicatricial deformation of the cervix. All of them underwent surgery – plastic surgery of the cervix using the Yeltsov–Strelkov stratification method in combination with reconstruction of levels II and III of pelvic floor support according to DeLancey. Results. The results of surgical treatment were assessed after 1–6 years. Overactive bladder was diagnosed before surgery in 4 (9.3%) people, after – in 2 (4.7%); p0.05. In this case, an increase in the maximum flow rate and a decrease in the volume of residual urine were observed (p0.05). In 41 (95.3%) patients, improvements were found in all parts of the vagina in the postoperative period. They were satisfied with the treatment according to the results of the PFDI-20 questionnaire. Recurrence of genital prolapse in the form of prolapse of the posterior vaginal wall was detected in 2 (4.6%) women. Pregnancy occurred in 8 people: in 3 (7.0%), it ended in timely delivery by cesarean section according to the sum of relative indications; in 2 (4.6%), medical terminations of pregnancy were performed; in 1 (2.3%) – surgical abortion. The remaining 36 (83.7%) protected themselves from pregnancy throughout the observation period. Conclusion. Surgical treatment in the volume of plastic surgery of the cervix by the method of stratification and reconstruction of II and III levels of pelvic floor support according to DeLancey in case of genital prolapse of I–II degree according to the POP-Q classification in combination with cicatricial deformation and elongation of the cervix made it possible to restore the topography of the pelvic organs and their functions. This method of surgical treatment makes it possible to recreate the anatomy of the cervix with native tissues without its amputation. It has no unfavorable obstetric outcomes and can be used in women interested in reproductive function.

Background. Currently, in geocryology, to predict seasonal changes in the state of frozen rocks and soils, Fourier formulas obtained earlier are widely used, modeling temperature fluctuations in the surface layer of the earth’s crust caused by annual fluctuations in its surface temperature. A significant drawback of this approach to modeling is manifested in the fact that in reality the state of the medium is characterized not only by the temperature field, but also by the moisture content field, which Fourier theory does not contain. Aim. It is required to generalize the Fourier problem known in mathematical physics on fluctuations of the temperature field in half-space by introducing into consideration, along with the temperature field, the moisture content field and taking into account the phenomena of evaporation and condensation associated with this field. Methods. Within the framework of A.V. Lykov’s theory, a spatially one-dimensional mathematical model of the processes of heat and moisture propagation in a homogeneous half-space, the boundary of which is in a state of heat and mass exchange with an airless medium, has been developed. By the method of complex amplitudes, formulas are obtained for time-asymptotic fluctuations in temperature and moisture content in a material filling a half-space, provided that the air temperature changes according to a harmonic law, and water vapor, both near the surface of the material and outside the boundary layer, is in a state close to saturation. Results. According to the results obtained, the temperature field is represented by a superposition of two damped harmonic waves, which have the same frequency, but different attenuation coefficients and phase velocities. The moisture retention field has the same structure. For a material with clay characteristics and with specific values of all the process-defining quantities for each of the waves, the depth of penetration and the delay time of vibrations at a given depth relative to fluctuations in air temperature are calculated, and the results obtained are compared with experimental data. Conclusion. The proposed solution and the following conclusions from it are the development of Fourier studies known in the literature on fluctuations in the temperature field in the surface layer of the Earth’s crust and are valid only in a situation when the material does not contain moisture, and according to the harmonic law, the temperature of the surface of the material does not change. The results of the work can be used in geocryology as a theoretical tool for modeling seasonal fluctuations in the thermal state of frozen rocks and soils.

The increasing of the socio-aesthetic significance of urban green spaces, especially in the formation of a rigid urbanized human habitat, initiates the development of the theoretical foundations of stepwise introduction in the northern direction. The aim of the research has been to generalize the regional features of the introduction of dendroflora species in the conditions of the European North of Russia. The methodological basis has been the works of specialists in the field of forest introduction, including Northern introducers F.B. Orlov, P.M. Malakhovets, V.N. Nilov, N.A. Demidova, O.S. Zalyvskaya, E.B. Karbasnikova et al. The results of the research have both theoretical and practical significance and are an integral part of the general theory of step-by-step introduction in the northern direction. In the process of many years of research and generalization of the experience of spontaneous introduction, an original working hypothesis of the stepwise introduction of woody plants in northern natural and climatic conditions has been formed and developed: for the urban environment, the presence of a special microclimate (heat island) is generally recognized and this microclimatic resource is sufficient for the successful naturalization of some species of dendroflora despite the introduction stress. The results of the work of the oldest introduction centres in the European North are briefly described. An algorithm and a regional strategy for the development of research of the introduction process of dendroflora species in the conditions of the North are presented. A conceptual scheme for the introduction testing of dendroflora species in the conditions of the northern latitudes of the Russian Plain has been proposed. There are 4 stages of acclimatization and 3 stages of naturalization. A number of scales have been developed that contribute to the improvement and optimization of introduction tests, and the assessment of sanitary, hygienic and social functions performed by introduced species of dendroflora. The richness of species diversity of urban dendroflora, new to northern conditions, is a good breeding base for further introduction tests and a scientific basis for predicting the success of the stepwise introduction of many valuable woody and shrub species to northern latitudes.

Introduction Periprosthetic infection (PPI) is one of the most serious complications of primary arthroplasty. Its rates range between 1.1 and 2 %. This study presents a comparative analysis of the results of the sanitizing stage of two-stage treatment of patients with chronic PPI of the hip joint (HJ) using an antimicrobial spacer impregnated with highly dispersed silver and without its impregnation. Purpose To conduct a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of using HD-Ag for impregnation of an antimicrobial spacer in patients with chronic PPI HJ during the sanitizing stage. Materials and methods A retrospective study is based on the analysis of the treatment outcomes of 223 patients with PPI HJ with antimicrobial spacers implanted during the sanitizing stage. Two groups of patients were formed based on the impregnation of bone cement with only an antibiotic or its combination with HD-Ag, group 1 (n = 112) and group 2 (n = 111), respectively. The evaluation of the treatment outcomes at a follow-up period of at least 2 years was carried out in accordance with the modified Delphi criteria. The reliability of differences in quantitative parameters between the groups was analyzed using nonparametric Mann – Whitney test, whereas Fisher test was used to analyze relative indicators. The differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results The spectrum of pathogens was comparable in both groups. The recurrence rate in groups 1 and 2 was 23.2 % and 17.1 %, respectively (p > 0.05), while for monobacterial infection caused by gram-positive bacteria it was significantly lower in group 2 (p = 0.012). Discussion As reported, the recurrence rate of periprosthetic infection varies from 8 to 40 %, depending on the nature of the infectious process and the type of pathogen. In the group with the use of HD-Ag as part of an antimicrobial spacer, the effectiveness of the sanitizing stage was 82.9 % and in the comparison group it was 76.8 %. However, a subanalysis of the effect of the etiology of PPIs on treatment results showed that the use of AM-spacer with a combination of silver and vancomycin led to a statistically significant reduction in the risk of recurrence in patients with monobacterial infection caused by gram-positive pathogens and provided arrest of infection in 89.7 % of cases. Conclusion In the sanitizing stage of two-stage treatment of chronic peri-implant hip infection caused by gram-positive bacteria, the antimicrobial cement spacer impregnated with highly dispersed silver showed high efficiency. However, further development of new combinations for bone cement impregnation is required to expand the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of the spacers.

A technique for characterizing the color of small ochre samples was proposed. The technique includes visual color determination with the aid of a stereomicroscope and a Munsell Soil Color Chart, conversion of Munsell values to CIE L*a*b* coordinates, cluster analysis, and principle component analysis (PCA). The technique was applied to ochre samples from the Kapova Cave and Kamennaya Balka II Upper Paleolithic sites. Characterization of the color of a statistically significant number of pigment samples makes it possible to identify the relationships between different structural features of the cultural layer and reliably identify a wide range of artistic practices in parietal caves in addition to the actual creation of drawings, and it also possibly serves as a chronological marker at multi-layered sites.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer screening programs are effective in reducing incidence and mortality. In Europe, every FIT+ patient is referred to colonoscopy. The available data show that ~75.0% of these patients are negative. It is desirable to select patients at a greater risk of having a positive colonoscopy. Materials and Methods: 711 subjects, aged 50–74, attending the screening program of ASL-NA-3-SUD (Naples, Italy), were enrolled in a cross-sectional study to evaluate the performance of the QuantiDNA™ test and the non-inferiority of an alternative approach (AAP). This evaluation is based on FIT+ and QuantiDNA™+ patients referred to colonoscopy, compared to Standard of Care (SOC) colonoscopy following a FIT+ test alone. A non-inferiority margin (NIM) for colorectal neoplasia (CN) and advanced adenomas (AA) was set at −10% and at −3.8% for CRC. Results: The odds ratio was 1.76 (p-value = 0.009). The detection rate of AAP was 15.9% for colorectal neoplasia, 13.0% for advanced adenoma, and 3.0% for CRC. The risk difference between AAP and SOC was −5.07% (95% C.I. −9.23, −0.90) for colorectal neoplasia, −4.02% (95% C.I. −7.89, −0.16) for advanced adenomas, and −1.04% (95% C.I. −3.16, 1.07) for CRC. This data suggests that AAP is non-inferior to SOC for detecting CN, AA, and CRC. The expected decrease in colonoscopies is 33.4%. Conclusions: The QuantiDNA™ test is straightforward, non-invasive, and well-tolerated. Data from this study indicate that it is effective in the reduction of the need for colonoscopy examinations (−33.4%) and is non-inferior to SOC in the detection of significant colorectal lesions.

The studied introduction population of the alien North American species Amorpha fruticosa L. was formed in the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) 80 years ago from seeds of different geographical origin. Currently, this population consists of individuals of the second and third generations, which arose as a result of the spontaneous pollination of parental plants. It is the northernmost site of A. fruticosa growth in the secondary distribution range; in southern regions, it usually behaves like an aggressive invasive species and invades natural plant communities. A. fruticosa is known to contain a number of bioactive compounds with valuable pharmacological properties, and the aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical composition of leaves and fruits at the northern limit of the species’ growth, since stress conditions promote active accumulation of secondary metabolites. The data on the composition of secondary metabolites, on the mineral composition, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in the leaves and fruits of A. fruticosa, and on the amount and composition of essential oil in the extract from fruits are presented. High levels of adonitol, which is used as a sweetener in products for diabetic patients, have been reported in the fruits of A. fruticosa. α-Copaene, α-pinene, δ-cadinene, α-muurolene, and β- and α-caryophyllene predominate in the essential oil of the fruit, providing its antimicrobial activity. The phytochemical analysis of A. fruticosa from the secondary distribution range confirms the potential of this species as a valuable resource for the pharmacopoeia industry.

Since the era of the widespread introduction of antibiotics into the human sphere of activity, the problem of antimicrobial resistance has become an urgent and very important topic around the world. Recently, coagulasonegative staphylococci (CoNS), which are representatives of opportunistic microorganisms of the microbiome of the skin and mucous membranes of healthy people, have made a certain contribution to its progression. For a long time, they did not pose a threat to patients, but in recent decades among microorganisms they have been seeded in more than two-thirds of patients with postoperative mediastinitis, catheter-associated infections, as well as from wounds of the neck vessels and the inguinal region separated by pacemaker beds. This paper discloses, using clinical examples, the significance of CoNS in the formation of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients with a burdened comorbid background (type II diabetes mellitus, grade 3 arterial hypertension). During the examination of patients, it was shown that skin defects are foci of persistent bacteremia of representatives of the CoNS group, which can cause the development of a systemic inflammatory infectious response with the formation of resistant strains of the opportunistic flora of the microbiome of the skin and mucous membranes. It has been shown that to determine the tactics of antibacterial therapy, a bacteriological study of all detected foci of infection in patients, screening of pathogens and their sensitivity to antibiotics, and especially in persons at risk, is necessary. This will increase the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy and reduce the possibility of forming resistant strains of pathogens.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) often accompany each other, as they share similar risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. AF in patients with HF is known to increase hospitalizations and worsen prognosis. A combination of AF and HF translates into high risks of thromboembolic complications, which renders anticoagulants an important aspect of therapy for these patients. Vitamin K antagonists make achieving the target level of anticoagulation challenging due to drug interactions and comorbidities. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred medications owing to a more favorable risk-benefit ratio in this group of patients. At the same time, patients with HF often require a personalized approach when choosing an anticoagulant due to increased risks of thromboembolic complications and bleeding, as well as multiple comorbidities. The article presents the results of sub-analyses of key studies on the efficacy and safety of DOACs vs vitamin K antagonists in patients with HF and AF. It also explores DOACs use in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The article is devoted to the problems of implementation of the WHO Global Polio Eradication Initiative. The influence of the features of poliovirus infection and poliovirus vaccines on the course of the program, its successes and difficulties is considered, the issue of possibility of eradication this infection is discussed.

The paper presents the experience of empirical study of lexical characteristics of mass communication texts (users’ comments) in various Telegram channels related to the discussion of the Arab-Israeli conflict in 2023. The article describes the approaches that exist to the formation of texts accessible for the analysis, taking into account the lexical elements used by the authors of the comments. It demonstrates the possibilities to elaborate and to implement software solutions to conduct content analytical research. The study shows that the real event in its media embodiment is significantly transformed under the influence of non-institutionalized communication participants due to the introduction into the discussion social reality elements closer to users. It is remarkable that users’ comments demonstrate the word-making practice inspired by the social and political context, realize the creative potential of users and their ability to propose and to use word forms indirectly marking users’ attitude to various objects of discussion. Data obtained stress the process of power personification under the influence of the global process of mediatization that it realized in users’ perception and the conflict. The dataset lets to speak about the empathy as the trait of the participants in the discussion and about logical inconsistency of mass consciousness manifested in simultaneous usage of neutral and negative lexical units withing the frames of discussion studies.

Background : We conducted a study to determine the relationships between perirenal fat (PRF) thickness and urinary levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in patients with hypertension (HTN). Methods : In 338 HTN patients (aged 63.5±12.3 years on average), MCP-1 and NGAL levels were studied using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To measure PRF thickness, all patients underwent CT scans. Results : We considered PRF thickness ≥1.91 cm as the diagnostic threshold for perirenal obesity. Patients with excessive PRF thickness exhibited significantly lower levels of MCP-1 and NGAL compared with those with PRF thickness ≥1.91 cm: 0.98 pg/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 0.21 to 2.05) vs. 2.35 pg/mL (IQR, 0.37 to 5.22) for MCP-1 and 50.0 pg/mL (IQR, 48.9 to 67.8) vs. 98.3 pg/mL (IQR, 68.4 to 187.1) for NGAL. We found a relationship of PRF thickness with both MCP-1 (r=0.46, P

The devastating impacts of the February 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye have underscored the urgent need for resilient and sustainable reconstruction in disaster-affected areas. This research paper explores the potential for low carbon investments in the real estate sector to drive the recovery and redevelopment of earthquake-impacted regions. By leveraging demand modeling techniques and analyzing key market indicators, the study aims to identify investment opportunities that can deliver both economic and environmental benefits. The paper draws upon a comprehensive dataset spanning 81 cities from 2013 to 2022, enabling a robust analysis of residential market dynamics, energy consumption patterns, and socioeconomic factors. Through the application of random-effects GLS regression, the research uncovers the determinants of housing demand and the viability of low carbon interventions in post-disaster settlements. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and real estate professionals seeking to promote sustainable and resilient reconstruction efforts. By highlighting the potential for low carbon investments to stimulate economic recovery while mitigating climate change impacts, this paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge on green real estate and disaster risk management.

Abstract E-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) is strongly associated with vitamin E acetate and often occurs with concomitant tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use. To uncover pathways associated with EVALI, we examined cytokines, transcriptomic signatures, and lipidomic profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from THC-EVALI patients. At a single center, we prospectively enrolled mechanically ventilated patients with EVALI from THC-containing products (N = 4) and patients with non-vaping acute lung injury and airway controls (N = 5). BALF samples were analyzed by Luminex multiplex assay, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry. After treating BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells with vaping and non-vaping BALF, LDH release was quantified. THC-EVALI BALF had significant increases in IFNγ, CCL2, CXCL5, and MMP2 relative to non-vaping patients. RNA sequencing showed enrichment for biological oxidation, glucuronidation, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Oleic acid and arachidonic acid metabolites were increased in THC-EVALI, as were oxidized phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) such as PE(38:4). THC-EVALI BALF induced more LDH release compared to BALF from non-vaping patients. Thus, THC-EVALI is characterized by altered phospholipid composition, accumulation of lipid oxidation products, and increased pro-inflammatory mediators that may contribute to epithelial cell death. These findings serve as a framework to study novel oxidized phospholipids implicated in the pathogenesis of EVALI.

Abstract Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles with remarkable precision in response to presynaptic calcium influx but exhibit significant heterogeneity in exocytosis timing and efficacy based on the recent history of activity. This heterogeneity is critical for information transfer in the brain, yet its molecular basis remains poorly understood. Here, we employ a biochemically-defined fusion assay under physiologically relevant conditions to delineate the minimal protein machinery sufficient to account for various modes of calcium-triggered vesicle fusion dynamics. We find that Synaptotagmin-1, Synaptotagmin-7, and Complexin synergistically restrain SNARE complex assembly, thus preserving vesicles in a stably docked state at rest. Upon calcium activation, Synaptotagmin-1 induces rapid vesicle fusion, while Synaptotagmin-7 mediates delayed fusion. Competitive binding of Synaptotagmin-1 and Synaptotagmin-7 to the same SNAREs, coupled with differential rates of calcium-triggered fusion clamp reversal, govern the overall kinetics of vesicular fusion. Under conditions mimicking sustained neuronal activity, the Synaptotagmin-7 fusion clamp is destabilized by the elevated basal calcium concentration, thereby enhancing the synchronous component of fusion. These findings provide a direct demonstration that a small set of proteins is sufficient to account for how nerve terminals adapt and regulate the calcium-evoked neurotransmitter exocytosis process to support their specialized functions in the nervous system.

Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal cancer that develops from myeloid progenitors. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is the membrane transporter encoded by the multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene, which is responsible for the efflux of several chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of AML. Pgp’s physiological role in normal cells is unknown. This contrasts with the lack of clarity on Pgp’s activity as an efflux pump in neoplastic or cancer cells. The association between Pgp and CD34 expression in adult patients with de novo AML was investigated in this study. Methods: Thirty participants were enrolled between November 2022 and April 2023. Immunophenotyping, Pgp percentage, and CD34 expression examinations using bone marrow aspirate blood were performed using immunoflowcytometry. The analysis of the correlation test was performed by Spearman correlation. Results: Patients with de novo AML had a median age of 42.5 years. The bone marrow aspiration results of adult patients with AML reveal the following distribution according to the French–American–British classification: 30% of patients have AML M1, 30% have AML M2, 13.33% have AML M3, 3.33% have AML M4, 16.66% have AML M5, and 6.66% have AML M7. There was no statistical correlation between Pgp and CD34 (P = 0.063), neither Pgp and leukocyte count (P = 0.442). Conclusions: Although no correlation between Pgp with CD34 or leukocyte count, it is necessary to consider the role of other members of the ABC transporter superfamily to further examine its relationship with CD34.

Background and purpose: Combined hyperlipidemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This clinical trial investigated phospholipovit (essential phospholipids, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia), an ultra-small phospholipid nanoparticle (micelles), targeted to phospholipids of HDL in lowering non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) levels in patients with combined hyperlipidemia and moderate cardiovascular risk. Experimental approach: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II trial was conducted on 100 patients. Phospholipovit or placebo was randomly administered orally (500 mg) 2 times a day for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percent change of non-HDL-C from baseline to 12 weeks of exposure. Findings/Results: Treatment with phospholipovit resulted in a mean non-HDL-C reduction of 13.2% versus 4.3% compared with placebo. The absolute decrease in non-HDL-C was -23.2 (-48.7 - 7.0) mg/dL versus -7.3 (-17.0 - 12.0) mg/dL, significantly. The therapeutic target of non-HDL-C less than 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol) was achieved in 15 of 39 patients (38.5%) in the phospholipovit group versus 2 of 41 patients (4.9%) in the placebo group OR 11.8 (2.4 - 116). Significant reduction in TG, apolipoprotein B, total cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was also observed. There were no changes in the liver and kidney functions, vital signs, or electrocardiography. There were no serious adverse events. Conclusion and implications: Phospholipovit significantly reduced non-HDL-C, TG, and atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with combined hyperlipidemia and moderate cardiovascular risk. It can be used as an add-on therapy to statins.

Objective to determine the effect of the number of multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIA) on the course of the acute period of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted involving 92 patients in the acute phase of SAH due to the rupture of MIA. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the number of aneurysms. Demographic indicators (age, gender) and clinical-instrumental factors (comorbidities, extent of hemorrhage, severity at admission, clinical manifestations), treatment characteristics, and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Comorbidities were 3.4 times more common among patients with three or more aneurysms (p=0.143). Patients in group 2 were 1.9 times more likely to be admitted with a World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade 2 (p=0.335). WFNS grade 3 at admission was observed twice as often in group 1 (p=0.447). Patients from group 1 and group 2 were equally likely to present with WFNS grade 4 (p=0.978). The probability of being admitted with a WFNS grade 5 was 1.8 times higher in group 2 (p=0.830). The presence of meningeal syndrome increased the risk of having 3 or more aneurysms by more than four times (OR 4.41, CI 0.41-47.13, p=0.21). The presence of motor impairments significantly reduced the risk of having 3 or more aneurysms (OR 0.63, CI 0.09-4.18, p=0.63). Patients in group 2 were slightly more likely to develop vasospasm than those in group 1 (OR 1.22, CI 0.34-4.31, p=0.752). The presence of comorbidities increased with the number of aneurysms (OR 3.42, CI 0.65-17.62, p=0.143). Conclusions: The presence of comorbidities more than triples the chances of having 3 or more aneurysms. Patients with fewer aneurysms are twice as likely to be admitted in a milder condition (WFNS grade 2). The probability of severe condition (WFNS grade 5) at hospital admission for patients in group 2 is 1.8 times higher than in group 1. The likelihood of motor disorders decreases by 4.4 times with an increasing number of aneurysms. The probability of vasospasm development slightly increased with the number of aneurysms. These data emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach to the assessment of SAH patients and the need for careful monitoring of patients at high risk of vasospasm.

The operation of railway rolling stock under high-speed conditions is crucial for Ukraine, as it will increase the throughput and carrying capacity of the railway network and improve the mobility of people in large cities. The dynamic behavior of the pneumatic spring, as the main structural element of the suspension system of high-speed rolling stock, has been studied. It is noted that the issue of the dynamic performance of the pneumatic spring is of broad scientific interest, as it directly affects the dynamic indicators and safety of the rolling stock when interacting with the track. Since the force interaction is random, depending on the condition of the rolling stock and the track, the study is based on experimental research on the dynamic behavior of the pneumatic spring. A methodology for the experimental determination of the lateral sway of the pneumatic spring of high-speed rolling stock when moving through a rail switch has been developed. It included testing the movement of a test stand over the switch and crossing in both forward and reverse directions. The vertical deformations of the pneumatic spring were recorded at diametrically opposite points in the longitudinal direction. It was found that the deformation of the pneumatic spring causes a tilt angle of the spring, with the average values being 0.667 degrees for forward movement, 0.697 degrees for the reverse for the switch blade area, and 0.369 degrees for forward movement, 0.468 degrees for the reverse for the crossing area. The results obtained can be used in the study of the dynamic characteristics of the pneumatic spring, allowing for the evaluation of its dynamic and safety indicators even at the design stage of rolling stock. In addition, the results will enable monitoring of the technical condition of the pneumatic spring, ensuring key safety indicators in high-speed operation.

In the recent decades, monumentality has been significantly reconsidered with its symbolic materiality and agency in public spaces. Counter-, non-, and anti-monumental practices have emerged on the scene of contemporary art as a new, critical mode of commemorative and social ritual. While addressing the well-known query on whether monumentality can still be considered a valid tool able to synthesize and keep the collective memory, the current paper investigates the remembrance practices by TIST collective (Italy). In the last two years TIST implemented a series of artistic actions in the urban space designed to address the emergence and endurance of a commemorative community and the possibility of remembrance as a public ritual.

The article is dedicated to the study of the work of the Austrian writer Ingeborg Bachmann (1926–1973), which involves the investigation of specific examples of fictional and non-fictional literature using the principles of literary anthropology. In particular, the «War Diary» («Kriegstagebuch», 1944–1945) and the unfinished novel «The Book of Franza» («Das Buch Franza», 1965–1966) are considered comparatively. The purpose of the article is an anthropological analysis of the cultural universality of love, which is based on the author’s own life experience and is artistically reinterpreted in her texts. The role of the British soldier, the Viennese Jewish émigré Jack Hamesh (1920–1987) is emphasized in rereading «The Book of Franza». His image is embodied in the figure of Lord Percival Glyde (Percy), a captain of the English army, with whom the protagonist of Franza’s novel falls in love during the deoccupation of the Carinthia region. I. Bachmann’s notes in the form of a diary and 11 letters from the young man to her demonstrate the feelings of both. The main aspects of the artistic transformation of the writer’s «first» love for J. Hamesh are emphasized, considering the time-space context of the depicted events, which are accompanied by existential challenges for a person (the end of the Second World War). The literary character Percy summarizes the image of the British military, with whom the writer communicated at the time, and the receptive potential of his allusive anthroponym, which hints at the status of the «pseudo-couple». In addition, attention is paid to the idealization of his figure, which indicates the replacement of the real image with the metalogical one with hyperbolization of the characteristic features of the prototype, to enhance the effect in depicting the first romantic relationship of I. Bachmann. The anthropological dimension of love between a man and a woman shows the importance of fictional and non-fictional literature for the artistic rereading of life experience, representing a generalized vision of love by I. Bachmann.

This research analyzes entrepreneurship-based financing strategies at the Pesantren Daarut Tauhiid (DT), Bandung. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method involving in-depth interviews and participant observation. The data analysis techniques include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Data obtained from interviews and observations were analyzed inductively, with steps in the form of coding, grouping themes, and interpretation to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The results of the research show that the entrepreneurial strategy implemented includes the development of business units such as the business units at the Pesantren Daarut Tauhiid, namely Vehicle Rental, Service Bureau, Tour and Travel, and Event Organizer. Apart from that, there are also Sharia Financial Services, namely BMT Daarut Tauhiid and PT. BPRS Daarut Tauhiid has succeeded in increasing the independence of Pesantren Daarut Tauhiids. The Pesantren Daarut Tauhiid applies a management model focusing on productive waqf, providing broad benefits to the congregation and society. Not only financially but also non-commercially. However, Pesantren Daarut Tauhiids still face challenges in human resource management and capacity development. This research recommends increasing entrepreneurship training for students and Pesantren Daarut Tauhiid managers and expanding business diversification to improve the financial stability of Pesantren Daarut Tauhiids.

The article analyzes the visual imagery in A. Blok’s “Italian Poems” through the lens of Renaissance humanism aesthetics. This perspective allows for an interpretation of the work as a transition from an expression of a crisis linked to the poet’s loss of the ideal of the Eternal Feminine to a new worldview. The cycle reflects a departure from Platonic ideals, incorporating motifs of the Renaissance idyll, such as the beauty of nature, corporeal objectivity, and Dionysianism. Under the influence of the fine arts of the Quattrocento, which profoundly impacted him during a journey to Italy in 1909, the poet endeavors to attain a harmonious dualism in his depiction of the feminine image, thereby surmounting his creative crisis. Poetic ekphrasis, inspired by works of Fra Beato Angelico, F. Lippi, and Di Paolo Manni, plays a crucial role in crafting a humanistic image of the Madonna, merging spiritual and carnal elements (“Venus Coelestis” and “Venus Vulgaris”). In the poet’s view, Mary, depicted as a solitary figure in frescoes, icons, and statues, embodies all that is natural and beautiful in a woman, evoking both awe and sensual attraction in the lyrical character. In the concluding transformative ekphrasis, which features complex genre scenes, the poet reproduces episodes from Mary’s hagiography, based on the concept of sacred marriage, creating an impression of cosmic and dual existence.

Medical discourse as an institutional discourse is considered simultaneously in several aspects: genre palette; discourse participants and their communicative strategies and speech behaviour; forms of communication between patient and doctor; methods and material for transmitting medical information; linguistic means of monocode, polycode and multimodal text of medical discourse; visual means of polycode and multimodal tests; functions implemented by texts of different types. The very identification of the boundaries of medical discourse will remain relevant. The objects of analysis are Russian-language memes, demotivators, which we understand as a type of Internet memes, caricatures on a medical topic, printed advertisements for medical drugs, services and events, and medical posters. The subject of the study are iconic signs, index signs and symbols of medicine. The novelty of the proposed study is the appeal to these elements of a polycode text as a system of signs that are subject to decoding to recognize the author’s intention; their use is not obligatory, while their quality of generalization allows expressing a larger volume of meanings, and the recipient of the text relies on them to identify the text as belonging to medical discourse. The research material are polycode (with verbal and iconic series) texts with a total volume of 500 examples obtained by continuous sampling from the Internet. The study showed that the semiotic system should be recognized as an important element of polycode texts of medical discourse, since each of the three types of signs is noted in the five genres under consideration and performs summarizing, attractive, organizing, replacing and comic functions in the text. As an object of decoding in polycode texts on medical topics, we examined individual examples of the use of precedent phenomena. The algorithm for analyzing the semiotic system of medical discourse can be used to analyze the semiotic system of other types of institutional discourse.

Abstract A Central European catchment underlain by base-poor orthogneiss was studied using mass budgets and Mg–Ca–Sr isotope systematics. For 50 years, the catchment received large amounts of partly soluble dust from a nearby cluster of coal-burning power plants, while suffering from acid rain and severe spruce die-back. Our objective was to investigate to what extent anthropogenic dust contributes to Mg and Ca in runoff and to identify fractionations affecting Mg and Ca isotope composition of 13 ecosystem pools and fluxes. We hypothesized that if Mg and Ca runoff fluxes were significantly larger than their atmospheric inputs, Mg and Ca isotope ratios in runoff would converge to those of bedrock Mg and Ca. This relationship could be obscured by isotope fractionations. Strontium characterized by negligible isotope fractionations served as a Ca proxy. There was a strong positive correlation between Mg and Ca fluxes via spruce throughfall and catchment runoff. Monitoring of rainfall, canopy throughfall and runoff fluxes revealed a 20-, 15- and 15-fold excess of Mg, Ca and Sr in runoff, respectively, compared to atmospheric deposition fluxes. This sizeable excess per se would indicate predominance of geogenic base cations in runoff. The behavior of Mg and Ca isotopes was de-coupled. Petrographic study indicated that 92% of bedrock Mg was bound to easily dissolving biotite, 97% Ca was present in plagioclase, and nearly all Sr was in orthoclase. While Mg isotope ratios in bedrock and runoff were indistinguishable, corroborating predominantly geogenic Mg in runoff, Ca and Sr isotope ratios in bedrock and runoff were significantly different, consistent with a non-negligible contribution of atmospheric Ca and Sr to runoff. Previous study of sites underlain by felsic rocks indicated that the δ44Ca value of apatite was often higher than the δ44Ca value of plagioclase. Should weathering of apatite and/or plagioclase preferentially release Ca that is isotopically heavier than bulk rock, the geogenic Ca source at JEZ would converge to the mean δ44Ca value of runoff. Calcium isotope data would then become more consistent with a major role of geogenic Ca in JEZ runoff indicated by mass balance data.

In recent years, there have been reports of a clinical relationship between periodontitis, intestinal and liver diseases of the human body, the so-called "oral-intestinal-hepatic axis", although the causal mechanism of such an "association" is still unclear. Aim. The study aims to investigate the functional state of the liver, small intestine, and periodontium of rats against the background of long-term methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia and vitamin D deficiency and its correction with choline and vitamin D. Materials and Methods. The study, lasting 8 weeks, was conducted on 36 adult rats of both sexes, aged 5 months. Experimental hyperhomocysteinemia was reproduced according to current recommendations, and its correction was carried out with the help of choline and vitamin D. Biochemical parameters in blood and homogenates were studied and compared, and the degree of alveolar atrophy was determined. Results. The experimental study confirmed the data of previous studies that with long-term methionine hyperhomocysteinemia in rats, moderate periodontal damage occurs, which remotely resembles the clinical picture of generalized periodontitis of a mild degree of severity in humans. Discussion. In experimental animals, hyperhomocysteinemia causes a number of aberrations in the blood, intestines, and liver (high level of homocysteine, oxidative stress, inhibition of antioxidant protection, decreased vitamin D levels, changes in the activity of liver enzymes, disturbances in calcium metabolism). Conclusions. Changes in the periodontium, intestines, and liver of experimental animals that occur against the background of hyperhomocysteinemia confirm the presence of an "oral-intestinal-hepatic" association. Enriching the diet with choline and vitamin D significantly reduces the indicated disorders, namely: prevents the occurrence of resorption processes in the alveoli of the jaws, and improves the functional state of the small intestine and liver. Increased excretion of calcium from the body of rats with urine indicates a violation of bone metabolism, which may be a consequence of calcium deficiency in animals with hyperhomo-cysteinemia. So, there is a relationship between the oral cavity, the small intestine, and the liver, which was confirmed by our research, but it is difficult to answer what pathology in this triad precedes and causes a chain reaction. The given narratives about the problems of the "mouth-intestine-liver" axis provide hope for a possible new practical step in dentistry.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) poses a significant health burden, yet the vaccine which successfully prevents HPV and its associated cancers remains underutilized. Nurses play a crucial role in patient education and advocacy for HPV vaccination. This study explores how knowledge, along with cultural, religious, and social beliefs, shapes the attitudes of Israeli nurses and nursing students toward the HPV vaccine and their advocacy efforts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to January 2024 using an anonymous online questionnaire distributed via Facebook groups targeting Israeli nurses and nursing students. The questionnaire assessed demographic data, HPV-related knowledge, and attitudes toward HPV vaccination. Results: The study included 458 participants (229 nurses and 229 nursing students). Significant knowledge gaps were found, with 52% of participants incorrectly believing that the vaccine can cure existing infections and 47% mistakenly believing that it is administered in a single dose. Logistic regression revealed that nurses working in community settings were more likely to have positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination (OR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.84–4.85). Higher levels of HPV-related knowledge (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 2.10–5.35) and secular or traditional religious affiliations (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.52–3.97) were strongly associated with positive attitudes toward and advocacy for the vaccine. Conclusions: Targeted educational programs addressing knowledge gaps, especially those tailored to Israel’s cultural and religious diversity, are crucial for empowering nurses and nursing students as advocates for HPV vaccination. Enhancing their understanding of HPV can increase vaccine uptake, reduce the incidence of HPV-related diseases, and strengthen public health initiatives in Israel.

Optimal budget absorption in a region requires streamlined solutions. One such solution is simplifying the budget submission process through technology-based approaches. This study utilizes the SDLC methodology to create a durable application for Public Housing, Settlement Areas, and Human Settlement Offices, meeting their requirement for an effective budget submission tool. The SDLC method allows for continuous evaluation and development according to agency requirements. The outcome is APPA, a Budget Absorption Notification Application designed for the Public Housing, Settlement Areas, and Human Settlements Office in Jember. This application has helped to ensure that the budget approval process is not a sync point in achieving project deadlines. One of the aims of this research was to develop a technology-driven solution that could be implemented to increase optimal regional absorption which is expected can facilitate and accelerate budget execution and public service delivery more prettily than ever.

Introduction. As a result of routine testing of HIV-1 drug resistance (DR), a significant amount of viral nucleotide sequences and epidemiological data of HIV-infected individuals have been collected. Combined with the increasing use of bioinformatics methods in practice, it has become possible to study the features of HIV-1 resistant variants spread using molecular clustering analysis. The aim of the study was to validate the molecular clustering analysis in a pilot region of Russia using a significant number of nucleotide sequences to study the features of the spread of HIV-1 resistant variants. Materials and methods. HIV-1 nucleotide sequences were obtained from 899 HIV-infected patients who were registered at the Oryol AIDS Center in 2016–2021. HIV-1 genetic variants were determined using the Stanford University database, REGA and HIV BLAST. Resistance mutations and prognostic HIV-1 DR were determined using the Stanford University database. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the MEGA program. HIV-1 molecular clusters were identified using Cluster Picker software. Results. In the pilot region, sub-subtype A6 dominated (85.7%); an increase in the share of CRF63_02A6 was noted. HIV-1 resistance was found in 13.6% of patients without antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience and in 52.0% with ART experience. Molecular clusters were more often formed by HIV-1 nucleotide sequences from ART-naïve patients. HIV-1 DR variants were less likely to fall into molecular clusters. The sources of transmitted mutations were more often patients with ART experience. The most actively and efficiently transmitted mutations were K103N, V179E/T, Y181C and G190S, associated with virus resistance to efavirenz and nevirapine.

Background: Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is a common complication after vitrectomy. Tracheal intubation and insertion of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) are noxious stimuli that can increase IOP. Objective: To analyze the difference between the use of LMA and an endotracheal tube (ETT) on the increase in IOP in vitrectomy. Method: Experimental study with a randomized controlled trial design in 28 patients undergoing vitrectomy who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into 2 groups with the use of LMA and ETT. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using a Schiotz tonometer before induction of anesthesia, 5 minutes after intubation, 5 minutes before extubation, 5 minutes after extubation and 24 hours after vitrectomy in healthy eyes. The analysis was carried out with the unpaired T-test and the alternative Mann Whitney test, the results were significant if the p value

Netflix is one of the most popular subscription video-on-demand (SVoD) platforms, offering a wide range of authentic, high-quality content and features that allow users to select, enjoy, and share their viewing experiences on social media. Despite its popularity, Netflix often receives complaints from users, including issues with accessing the application and various features related to viewing activities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the user experience of the Netflix application and provide recommendations for improvement based on data analysis. To achieve this, the HEART Metrics are utilized, which focus on the user's perspective, and apply the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method to map performance and identify improvement priorities. The research reveals several areas that require enhancement, particularly three priority variables: the Happiness variable (Hp3), indicated by the statement "I like the appearance of the Netflix application"; the Retention variable, represented by "I enjoy using the features of the Netflix application"; and the Task Success variable (Ts4), reflected in "I can save movies in the Netflix application." To improve user satisfaction, Netflix can incorporate both light and dark themes, creating a more user-friendly interface. This update could enhance navigation, increase time spent on the platform, promote recommendations, and encourage subscription renewals.

Key indicators for assessing the adequacy of hemodialysis include Inter-Dialytic Weight Gain (IDWG) and Ultrafiltration Goal (UFG), both of which are closely related to patients' hemodynamic status. However, there is limited information on the specifics of IDWG and UFG, particularly in Riau Province. This quantitative study with a descriptive design aims to describe IDWG and UFG in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic in Riau. The research was conducted across three regional hospitals in Riau Province, involving 138 hemodialysis patients. This study employed univariate statistical analysis, using secondary data as the primary source. The findings indicate that in the first four months following the COVID-19 pandemic among hemodialysis patients in Riau Province, the average UFG and IDWG levels exhibited fluctuations, with IDWG in the three hospitals ranging from 2.28 to 3.12, while UFG was be 2.13 to 3.09. The results suggest that stabilizing of IDWG and UFG is crucial to prevent complications arising from these fluctuations, such as activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, and increased cardiac output.

Purpose: to substantiate the features of the impact of anthropogenic and climatic factors on the condition of agricultural lands in Zaporizhia region. Discussion. The intensive agricultural use of soils in Zaporizhia region has led to a number of negative environmental changes and deterioration of their properties. The main factors of anthropogenic impact of agriculture on land resources are the irrational use of agricultural land, agricultural sphere pollution, plant chemicalization, scientifically unsubstantiated application of organic and mineral fertilizers. The negative impact is an increase in the disturbed lands area and the lack of reclamation. High ploughing of agricultural lands in Zaporizhia region (84.8 %), the use of heavy tillage machinery, erosion control measures neglect, as well as the ineffective use of funds aimed at erosion control, lead to an increase in eroded lands. The special military operation conducted in the Zaporizhia region also had a significant impact on the land fund structure. The region belongs to the zone of risky agriculture, which is associated with insufficient natural moisture against the background of increasing air temperature. Reduction of the negative impact of air and soil drought on the agricultural crop productivity can be achieved through irrigation. However, with the Kakhovka reservoir dam destruction, irrigation of fields became impossible. Conclusions. Significant anthropogenic impact on the region territory is associated with agricultural production, namely, with crop production and, accordingly, high agricultural development of the territory. The intensity of adverse natural processes depends on the natural features of the territory – relief, soil type and their mechanical composition, climatic indicators and wind exposure. As a result of the analysis of soil and climatic conditions of Zaporizhia region, the relevant data is presented.

Background: Micronutrient deficiency, including iron, vitamin A, B-12 and folic acid, can cause anemia and harm adolescent health. Accurate dietary assessment methods is crucial to detect micronutrient deficiencies, but existing methods, have limitations, necessitating a review to identify the accurate methods for assessing micronutrient intake in adolescents. Objectives: To determine the accuracy of dietary assessment methods as suitable option for measuring micronutrient intake in adolescents. Methods: This study utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) flowchart approach. Article were identified from ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar. Articles were included if participants aged 10-19 years, published between 2014-2024, written in English/Indonesian, original research articles and studies related to validation of dietary assessment methods for micronutrient intake. The keywords were "micronutrient intake" OR "dietary intake" AND "dietary assessment" OR "validity" AND "adolescent". Discussions: 1157 articles were identified, 7 met the eligibility criteria, including 50 to 1081 adolescent. The Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) method was valid for sodium, niacin, folate, thiamine, calcium, phosphorus and reproducible for vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, β-carotene. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method was valid for riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, serum iron biomarkers, and reproducible for retinol, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin D, iron, calcium. The 24-hour Dietary Recall (24hDR) method showed acceptable validity for serum iron biomarkers. Conclusions: The SQ-FFQ, completed by adolescents with instruction of nutritionist, using a shorter food list and time intervals, has higher relative validity and reproducibility.

Kidney disease has emerged as a significant global health issue, projected to become the fifth-leading cause of years of life lost by 2040. The kidneys, being highly radiosensitive, are vulnerable to damage from various forms of radiation, including gamma (γ) and X-rays. However, the effects of electron radiation on renal tissues remain poorly understood. Given the localized energy deposition of electron beams, this study seeks to investigate the dose-dependent morphological and molecular changes in the kidneys following electron irradiation, aiming to address the gap in knowledge regarding its impact on renal structures. The primary aim of this study is to conduct a detailed morphological and molecular analysis of the kidneys following localized electron irradiation at different doses, to better understand the dose-dependent effects on renal tissue structure and function in an experimental model. Male Wistar rats (n = 75) were divided into five groups, including a control group and four experimental groups receiving 2, 4, 6, or 8 Gray (Gy) of localized electron irradiation to the kidneys. Biochemical markers of inflammation (interleukin-1 beta [IL-1β], interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-10 [IL-10], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione [GSH]) were measured, and morphological changes were assessed using histological and immunohistochemical techniques (TUNEL assay, caspase-3). The study revealed a significant dose-dependent increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal tissue damage. Higher doses of irradiation resulted in increased apoptosis, early stages of fibrosis (at high doses), and morphological changes in renal tissue. This study highlights the dose-dependent effects of electrons on renal structures, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of the dosage in clinical use to minimize adverse effects on renal function.

Communication skills are one of the 21st century skills. Specific communication in biology learning includes science communication. The purpose of the study was to analyze the improvement of science communication skills using E-Worksheet assisted by PhET on nervous system material. This research and development consist of three stages: the preliminary study stage, the product development stage and the product testing stage. Static-Group Pretest-Posttest research design. This study involved 35 students in the experimental class and 35 students in the control class selected using Purposive Sampling. The research instrument consisted of a validation questionnaire and limited description with indicators of science communication. Data analysis informs that e-worksheet is very feasible with an average score of 83.83%. The improvement of science communication skills on the nervous system material in the classroom using e-worksheet assisted by PhET simulation with an overall N-Gain value of 0.56 with moderate criteria. E-Worksheet assisted by PhET simulation helps the learning process. The guide to using E-Worksheet assisted by PhET simulation should be clearer and more detailed and provide training for teachers to be more familiar with electronics.

Abstract To compare awake and asleep deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Essential Tremor (ET), we conducted this retrospective cohort study of patients consecutively operated with DBS targeting the caudal Zona incerta (cZi). 37 underwent surgery awake and 55 asleep. Tremor before surgery and on/off stimulation one year after surgery were evaluated using the Essential Tremor Rating Scale (ETRS). Procedural time, electrode localization, stimulation parameters and adverse events were noted and compared. ETRS scores were similar at baseline between the groups except for contralateral arm tremor, which was slightly worse in the awake group. Total ETRS, contralateral arm tremor and activities of daily living scores showed no significant difference between the groups on-stimulation at one-year follow-up. Compared to the awake group, the asleep group had shorter procedural time and lower stimulation parameters. There were no intracranial haemorrhages nor surgery site-infections. Both groups showed a good improvement of tremor at one-year follow-up. Image-guided DBS surgery targeting the cZi enables safe and efficient asleep surgery for ET.

Abstract Lung disease analysis in chest X-rays (CXR) using deep learning presents significant challenges due to the wide variation in lung appearance caused by disease progression and differing X-ray settings. While deep learning models have shown remarkable success in segmenting lungs from CXR images with normal or mildly abnormal findings, their performance declines when faced with complex structures, such as pulmonary opacifications. In this study, we propose AMRU++, an attention-based multi-residual UNet++ network designed for robust and accurate lung segmentation in CXR images with both normal and severe abnormalities. The model incorporates attention modules to capture relevant spatial information and multi-residual blocks to extract rich contextual and discriminative features of lung regions. To further enhance segmentation performance, we introduce a data augmentation technique that simulates the features and characteristics of CXR pathologies, addressing the issue of limited annotated data. Extensive experiments on public and private datasets comprising 350 cases of pneumoconiosis, COVID-19, and tuberculosis validate the effectiveness of our proposed framework and data augmentation technique.

Abstract Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a multifaceted peptide hormone involved in numerous physiological processes, including vascular stability, vasodilation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses. The processing of ADM results in several fragments, including midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), and glycine-extended ADM (ADM-Gly) and bioactive ADM (bio-ADM). MR-proADM, the stable ADM fragment, and bio-ADM, the active form of ADM with a short half-life, have been shown to be potent biomarkers in a variety of pathologies. ADM-Gly, the direct precursor of bio-ADM, is a predominant form in human plasma, but remains less understood and least investigated. This study presents the development of a specific immunoluminometric assay for the quantification of ADM-Gly and offers a robust one-step approach for large-scale sample screening. Applied to human and rodent plasma, it elucidates the release kinetics and plasma half-life of ADM-Gly. Our findings confirm the predominance of ADM-Gly in healthy individuals and its significant release under pathological conditions. Our immunoluminometric assay enables precise measurement of ADM-Gly, advancing research into ADM-related pathophysiology and supporting its use as a biomarker and therapeutic target in various diseases.