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Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview of existing evidence, research gaps, and future research priorities concerning the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) using exercise therapies. Method: Clinical studies on exercise treatment for MG were searched in nine databases to conduct a scoping review. Two independent researchers screened the literature and comprehensively analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the included articles. Results: A total of 5725 studies were retrieved, of which 24 were included. The included studies were conducted in 16 different countries/regions and 456 patients were enrolled. Study designs included both interventional and observational studies. Exercise interventions included aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, balance training, and stretch training, and are typically administered in conjunction with medication, usual care, or some other interventions. The intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise interventions varied hugely among studies. Six-minute walk test, adverse events, muscle strength, MG quality of life-15 scale, forced vital capacity, quantitative MG scale, and MG activities of daily living scale were the most frequently used outcomes. All studies reported results in favor of the efficacy and safety of exercise in MG, and exercise-related adverse events were reported in two studies. Conclusion: This scoping review provides an overview of the evidence concerning exercise treatment for MG. Key gaps in evidence include a limited number of participants, complex interventions, variability in outcome selection, and insufficient reporting in publications. The promotion of exercise treatment for MG still encounters several obstacles. A larger population, rigorous study design and conduction, standardized interventions and outcomes, and standardized reporting are essential.

This paper evaluates the carbon dioxide sequestration potential in the saline aquifers of the South Qiongdongnan–Yinggehai Basin. By using a hierarchical evaluation method, the assessment is divided into five stages: the basin level, the zone level, the target level, the site level, and the injection level. The study primarily focuses on evaluating the sequestration potential of and identifying favorable zones of saline aquifers at the basin and zone levels. The optimized volumetric method is adopted, based on the integration of multi-source data such as regional geological maps, seismic data, core porosity, and permeability. The results show that the estimated potential of the Yinggehai Basin is 60.6 billion tons at the basin level and 54.6 billion tons at the zone level. Additionally, the estimated potential of the South Qiongdongnan Basin is 261.5 billion tons at the basin level and 234.8 billion tons at the zone level. The suitability evaluation indicates that the Yinggehai Basin is moderately suitable overall, the northern depression of the South Qiongdongnan Basin is suitable, the central uplift is moderately suitable, and the central depression is not suitable. This study provides a scientific foundation for carbon dioxide sequestration in marine basins and introduces novel ideas and methods for future similar research. This is highly significant for subsequent engineering applications and decision-making processes.

IntroductionResearch on myasthenia gravis (MG) has undergone rapid development in recent years. This article aimed to elucidate the characteristics of MG publications over the past 20 years and analyze emerging trends using bibliometric methods.MethodsInformation on MG articles was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection and stored in Excel for quantitative analyses. Bibliometric analyses were performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visualize publications according to countries/regions, institutions, journals, and authors.ResultsA total of 3,610 publications were included in the analysis. The USA had the highest number of publications (NP) and H-index. Among the institutions, the University of Oxford had the highest NP, followed by the University of Toronto and Duke University. Close cooperation was observed among countries and institutions. The most productive author was Renato Mantegazza, followed by Jan J. Verschuuren, and Amelia Evoli. Muscle & Nerve published the most articles on MG, followed by the Journal of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders. The keyword with the highest strength is “neuromuscular transmission,” followed by “safety” and “rituximab.” Co-citation analysis includes 103 publications cited at least 65 times, categorized into four clusters. Additionally, 123 keywords cited more than 40 times were analyzed and divided into five clusters.ConclusionThis bibliometric analysis shows the framework of research over the past 20 years by mapping the scholarly contributions of various countries or regions, institutions, journals, and authors in MG. The analysis also explores future trends and prospective directions, emphasizing individualized treatment based on subtypes, novel immunotherapeutic approaches, and thymectomy.

The Lower Silurian black shale in the Southeast of Chongqing is of great potential in the accumulation of shale gas in South China. In order to understand the pore system of these black shales, mercury porosimetry, surface area study, mineralogy and image analyses by scanning electronic microscopy were performed. Four major pore types (interparticle pores, intraparticle pores, organic-matter pores and microfractures) were classified under the observation of the samples. Interparticle pores, which associate with mineral particles and mostly in micro-scale, can be subdivided into pores among rigid particles, ductile particles, and rigid-ductile particles. Intraparticle pores, which can be subdivided into cleavage-plane pores within clay minerals, intercrystalline pores within pyrite framboids and pores formed by partial or complete dissolution, are in nanometer scale and more common exist in unweathered rocks. Organic-matter pores are one type of intraparticle pores which are found within organic matter and appear to be prone to form effective networks and main permeable pathway. The rocks are abundant with microfractures where absorbed gas can be transformed to free gas. Microfractures which are partly cemented by residual organic residue are of great importance. Comparing the two sets of samples from Lujiao section and Well Yuye-1, we note that the outcrop samples from Lujiao section have much more interparticle pores than core samples, while the latter own more intraparticle pores. The results of quantitative and visual qualitative analyses about the gas shale reservoir pore system are similar. With the increasing of quartz, the number of interparticle pores and macropores increase. And intraparticle pores and micro-mesopores increase with clay minerals.

In order to promote the discovery of new shale gas exploration areas in Guangxi, based on the latest drilling data, through detailed observation and description of logging data and cores, this paper selects high-quality shale samples of the target layer for X-ray diffraction analysis and testing of clay minerals and whole rock, major and trace elements (including rare-earth elements), TOC, and other related analysis and testing. The study shows that the total amount of rare-earth elements in the first member of Lower Carboniferous Luzhai Formation in Rongshui area, Guangxi, is low; δEU and δCE show negative abnormality. The average value of wV/V+Ni, Th / U ratio, and Mo-TOC covariant model diagram of the first member of Luzhai Formation show that it was the condition of anoxic reduction at that time. At the same time, Ba-Sr diagram, Sr/Cu ratio, and total rare-earth elements reflect that the area was in an arid, hot, and marine salt water paleoenvironment during the sedimentary period. Most of the sample parent rocks of the first member of Luzhai Formation are in shale area, and some samples are close to felsic igneous rock area, which is of mixed origin. The tectonic background of the source area is mainly continental island arc and active continental margin, indicating that the sedimentary environment was unstable and highly active under the background of extensional rifting at that time.

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccines are required for individuals with myasthenia gravis (MG), as these patients are more likely to experience severe pneumonia, myasthenia crises, and higher mortality rate. However, direct data on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with MG are lacking, which results in hesitation in vaccination. This scoping was conducted to collect and summarize the existing evidence on this issue.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for studies using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Article titles, authors, study designs, demographics of patients, vaccination information, adverse events (AEs), significant findings, and conclusions of included studies were recorded and summarized.ResultsTwenty-nine studies conducted in 16 different countries in 2021 and 2022 were included. Study designs included case report, case series, cohort study, cross-sectional study, survey-based study, chart review, and systemic review. A total of 1347 patients were included. The vaccines used included BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, inactivated vaccines, and recombinant subunit vaccines. Fifteen case studies included 48 patients reported that 23 experienced new-onset, and five patients experienced flare of symptoms. Eleven other types of studies included 1299 patients reported that nine patients experienced new-onset, and 60 participants experienced flare of symptoms. Common AEs included local pain, fatigue, asthenia, cephalalgia, fever, and myalgia. Most patients responded well to treatment without severe sequelae. Evidence gaps include limited strength of study designs, type and dose of vaccines varied, inconsistent window of risk and exacerbation criteria, limited number of participants, and lack of efficacy evaluation.ConclusionCOVID-19 vaccines may cause new-onset or worsening of MG in a small proportion of population. Large-scale, multicenter, prospective, and rigorous studies are required to verify their safety.

ObjectiveTo provide an overview of the range and characteristics of existing evidence, research gaps, and future research priorities in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with acupuncture.MethodClinical studies on acupuncture treatment for ALS were searched in 9 databases and two websites. Two independent researchers screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria; extracted the demographic data, interventions, and significant findings of the studies; and comprehensively analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the included articles.ResultsA total of 2,326 studies were retrieved, of which 92 were included. Most of the studies were conducted in China, with the number increasing over time. Study designs included case reports, case series, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and before-and-after studies, among which case reports were the most frequently used. A total of 1,388 patients were enrolled, of whom 1,031 had ALS, 274 had progressive bulbar palsy (PBP), 60 had progressive muscle atrophy (PMA), and 23 had primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Acupuncture interventions included body acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupoint injection, scalp acupuncture, acupoint massage, Sa-am acupuncture, needle-embedding therapy, auricular acupuncture, venom pharmacopuncture therapy, plum blossom needling, acupoint paste, electroacupuncture, and needle warming through moxibustion. The most frequently used acupoints were ST36, LI4, SP6, and LI11. Acupuncture is often applied in combination with other treatments, such as herbal or Western medicine. The frequency of treatment ranged from once a month to three times a day, and the duration of treatment ranged from 5 days to 3 years. Clinical symptoms, muscle strength, and effective rates were the most frequently used outcomes. Most studies reported significant efficacy, and only a few studies reported adverse events explicitly.ConclusionEvidence gaps include poor study design, complex interventions, limited significance of the selected outcomes, and limited study reporting. The promotion of acupuncture treatment for ALS still faces several obstacles. Rigorous study design and conduct, standardized intervention and outcome measurements, and normative reporting are needed to investigate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment for ALS.

Huodendron tibeticum (J.Anthony) Rehder, which plays an important role in ecology and economy, is a deciduous species of Styracaceae. The authors sequenced, assembled, and annotated the chloroplast (cp) genome of Huodendron tibeticum using the sequencing data from Illumina Novaseq platform in this study. The complete cp genome of H. tibeticum is 159,320 bp in length, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,795 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,989 bp. It contains 130 genes, including 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 85 protein-coding genes. The overall GC content of H. tibeticum chloroplast genome is 36.66%. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that H. tibeticum is a sister species to H. biaristatum in Styracaceae.

Styrax chinensis Hu et S.Y. Liang, is one of the few evergreen species of Styracaceae with fragrant flowers. Here, we characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. chinensis using next-generation sequencing. The circular complete cp genome of S. chinensis is 158,502 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,817 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,001 bp. It comprises 132 genes, including 8 rRNA genes, 37 tRNAs genes, and 87 protein-coding genes. The GC content of S. chinensis cp genome is 36.93%. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that S. chinensis is a sister species to Styrax suberifolius in Styracaceae.

Ulmus lanceifolia, which plays an important role in ecology and economy, is one of the main evergreen broad leaved arbor species in southern China. In this study, we assembled its complete chloroplast genome. The total genome size of U. lanceifolia was 158,652bp, containing a large single-copy region of 87,119bp, a small single-copy region of 18,697bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,418bp. The overall GC content of U. lanceifolia chloroplast genome is 35.63%. We obtained the 132 genes chloroplast genome, including 86 proteincoding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that U. lanceifolia is a monophyletic taxa and a transitional species between the 2 groups which were combined by Ulmus americana, U. elongate and Zelkova serrate, Z. schneideriana respectively in Ulmaceae.

Xylosma racemosa (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. which plays an important role in ecology, medicine and economy, is a deciduous species of Salicaceae. In this paper, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the chloroplast (cp) genome of X. racemosa (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. by using the sequencing data from Illumina Novaseq platform. The complete cp genome of X. racemosa is 157,262 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,289 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,817 bp. It contains 131 genes, including 8 rRNA genes, 37 tRNAs genes and 86 protein-coding genes. The GC content of X. racemosa cp genome is 36.74%. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that X. racemosa is a sister species to Xylosma congesta in Salicaceae.

Aiming at the characteristics of dynamic correlation, periodic oscillation, and weak disturbance symptom of power transmission system data, this paper proposes an enhanced canonical variate analysis (CVA) method, called SLCVAkNN, for monitoring the disturbances of power transmission systems. In the proposed method, CVA is first used to extract the dynamic features by analyzing the data correlation and establish a statistical model with two monitoring statistics T2 and Q. Then, in order to handling the periodic oscillation of power data, the two statistics are reconstructed in phase space, and the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) technique is applied to design the statistics nearest neighbor distance DT2 and DQ as the enhanced monitoring indices. Further considering the detection difficulty of weak disturbances with the insignificant symptoms, statistical local analysis (SLA) is integrated to construct the primary and improved residual vectors of the CVA dynamic features, which are capable to prompt the disturbance detection sensitivity. The verification results on the real industrial data show that the SLCVAkNN method can detect the occurrence of power system disturbance more effectively than the traditional data-driven monitoring methods.

Styrax agrestis (Lour.) G. Don, is a deciduous species of Styracaceae with beautiful shape, drooping flowers, and blooming like snow. Here, we characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. agrestis using next generation sequencing. The circular complete cp genome of S. agrestis is 157,893 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,512 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,285 bp. It comprises 136 genes, including eight rRNA genes, 37 tRNAs genes, 90 protein-coding genes, and one pseudo gene. The GC content of S. agrestis cp genome is 36.96%. The phylogenetic analysis suggests that S. agrestis is a sister species to Styrax faberi in Styracaceae.

Geofluid discrimination plays an important role in reservoir characterization and prospect identification. Compared with other fluid indicators, the effective pore-fluid bulk modulus is more sensitive to the property of fluid contained in reservoirs. We combine the empirical relations with deterministic models to form a new kind of linearized relationship between the mixed fluid/rock term and the fluid modulus. On the one hand, the linearized relationship can decouple the fluid bulk modulus from the mixed fluid/rock term; on the other hand, the decoupled terms are more stable especially in low-porosity situations compared with previous approaches. In terms of the new linearized equation of the fluid modulus, we derive a novel linearized amplitude variation with offset (AVO) approximation to avoid the complicated nonlinear relationship between the fluid modulus and the reflectivity series. Convoluting this linearized AVO approximation with seismic wavelets, the forward modeling is constructed to combine the prestack seismic records with the fluid modulus. Meanwhile, we introduce the Bayesian inference with multivariable Cauchy prior to the fluid modulus inversion for a stable and high-resolution solution. Model examples demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed linearized AVO approximation compared with the exact Zoeppritz equation and Aki-Richards approximate equation. The synthetic and field data tests illustrate the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed fluid modulus inversion approach for geofluid discrimination.

Introduction: Research on myasthenia gravis (MG) has undergone rapid development in recent years. This article aimed to elucidate the characteristics of MG publications over the past 20 years and analyze emerging trends using bibliometric methods. Methods: Information on MG articles was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection and stored in Excel for quantitative analyses. Bibliometric analyses were performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visualize publications according to countries/regions, institutions, journals, and authors. Results: A total of 3,610 publications were included in the analysis. The USA had the highest number of publications (NP) and H-index. Among the institutions, the University of Oxford had the highest NP, followed by the University of Toronto and Duke University. Close cooperation was observed among countries and institutions. The most productive author was Renato Mantegazza, followed by Jan J. Verschuuren, and Amelia Evoli. Muscle & Nerve published the most articles on MG, followed by the Journal of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Disorders. The keyword with the highest strength is "neuromuscular transmission," followed by "safety" and "rituximab." Co-citation analysis includes 103 publications cited at least 65 times, categorized into four clusters. Additionally, 123 keywords cited more than 40 times were analyzed and divided into five clusters. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis shows the framework of research over the past 20 years by mapping the scholarly contributions of various countries or regions, institutions, journals, and authors in MG. The analysis also explores future trends and prospective directions, emphasizing individualized treatment based on subtypes, novel immunotherapeutic approaches, and thymectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]