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Son dönem sûfîlerinden, Cezayir asıllı, iskân bakımından Suriyeli olan Muhammed el-Hâşimî et-Tilimsânî, zâhirî ve bâtınî ilimlere hâkim bir şahsiyettir. Bir Eş‘arî kelamcısı olarak dikkatleri üzerine çeken Muhammed el-Hâşimî, başta Mısır olmak üzere Mağrip ve Ürdün gibi dünyanın farklı ülkelerinde müntesipleri bulunan Şâzeliyye tarikatının Derkâviyye ve Aleviyye kollarının şeyhlik vazifesini üstlenmiş bir isimdir. Bu çalışma, ehl-i sünnet akidesinin savunuculuğunu kendine ilke edinen, ilim ve irfânı bünyesinde birleştirip eserlerine de yansıtan Muhammed el-Hâşimî’nin tasavvuf sahnesindeki önemi ile tasavvufî düşünce dünyasına kısa bir bakış mahiyetindedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma müellifin “ed-Dürretü’l-müntesiratü fî ecvibeti’l-esileti’l-ʿaşera”, “el-Ḥallü’s-sedîd lime’steşkelehü’l-mürîd” ve “Şerḥu şaṭranci’l-ʿârifîn” adlı risâleleri ekseninde hazırlanmıştır. Hâşimî’nin adı geçen eserlerdeki kabz, bast, mârifet, mürşîd, mürîd ile zikir gibi bazı kavramlara dair görüşleri irdelenerek ele alınmıştır. İlgili görüşler; Ebü’l-Hasen eş-Şâzelî, İbnü'l-Arabî, Kuşeyrî, Hucvirî ve Herevî gibi daha nice kadîm mutasavvıfın görüşleri ile mukayese edilmek suretiyle değerlendirilmiş ve böylece Muhammed el-Hâşimî’nin tefekkür zeminine kısmen ışık tutulmuştur. Ayrıca makalede, Hâşimî‘nin tasavvufî gelenekten izler taşıyan kimi kavramlar arasında işaret ettiği bağlamlara da dikkat çekilmiştir.

Background/Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients, and most patients are suitable for locoregional and/or systemic therapy at the time of diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of transarterial radioembolization in elderly patients. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma between 2013 and 2022 were screened retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the elderly (age ≥70 years) and the young (age .05). Hepatitis B was the most common cause in both groups. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to morphological features of tumors [tumor focality (single; 62.2% and 60.7%, respectively) and maximal tumor diameter (6.9 and 6.55 cm, respectively)], transarterial radioembolization responses (51.1% and 39.3%, respectively), survival (9 and 8.5 months), and both early and late side effects (P > .05). Age was not found to be an effective factor in transarterial radioembolization response (P > .05). Conclusion: No differences in the safety and efficacy of transarterial radioembolization were observed between the groups. In addition, it was observed that age was not a predictive factor for adverse events. In elderly patients in the frail group, it should be considered that age alone should not be seen as a limitation in the transarterial radioembolization decision.

Hâşimî Emîr Osman XVI. yüzyılda yaşamış Bayrâmî-Melâmî şeyhlerindendir. İstanbul Kasımpaşa’da kendi adıyla anılan tekkede irşâd faaliyetlerini yürüten Hâşimî, aynı zamanda velûd bir müelliftir. Hâşimî’nin vahdet-i vücûd eksenli görüş ve düşüncelerini dile getirdiği en dikkat çekici eseri Risâle-i Kutbiyye adlı çalışmasıdır. Tek nüshası, Amasya Bâyezid Kütüphanesi’nde bulunan eserde Hâşimî, dünya sevgisi, mâsivâ, ağyâr, zühd, salih amel, mürşid-i kâmil, irâdî ölüm, nefs, rûh, melâmet, feyz, tecellî, nüzûl-urûc, güzel ahlâk ve insân-ı kâmil gibi birçok konuyu ele almıştır. Hâşimî, epistemolojik ve ontolojik yönüyle ele aldığı meseleleri kalp, mârifet, muhabbet, fakr ve kutub konularındaki analizleri ile dile getirmiştir. Makalede ikinci devir Melâmîliğinin önemli temsilcilerinden olan Hâşimî’nin hayatı ve eserleri dile getirilmiş, ardından Risâle-i Kutbiyye’de öne çıkan söz konusu başlıklara dâir görüşleri incelenmiştir. Hâşimî’nin bu kavramları ele alış biçimi, kavramlar arasında kurduğu bağlantılar, kavramların Hâşimî’den önceki bazı sûfîlerce ele alınış biçimi ile Hâşimî’nin kendinde ulaşan bu mîrâsla münâsebeti ve müellifin kalp, mârifet, muhabbet, fakr ve kutub kavramlarıyla diğer bazı kavramla kurduğu anlam örgüsü üzerinde durulmuştur.

Smartphones, which enable us to be online everywhere and every time, are also commonly used by students today. This study aims to reveal undergraduate students’ habits of using smartphones. With this purpose, the phone usage track application was installed on students’ smartphones, and their 7-day use was recorded with the application and was then analyzed. In addition to that, the students’ views on using smartphones during classes were also investigated through open-ended questions. As a result, it was found that they used their smartphones for 4 hours and 50 minutes on average and that they used the same or different applications approximately 380 times a day. The most frequently used smartphone applications were found to be social media and messaging applications. The students were found to use their smartphones the most intensely between 21.00 and 24.00. The majority of the students used their smartphones during classes and their reasons for using the phones for non-educational purposes were more than the reasons for using them for educational purposes. The students stated that they used their smartphones for non-educational purposes such as check the time, make calls, and texting and for educational purposes such as research, take the photo of the blackboard or slides. While the great majority of the students had negative views about using smartphones during classes, some of them also had positive views.

Abstract One of the most important reasons for deaths and injuries caused by earthquakes is that society does not have sufficient knowledge of appropriate protective behaviors during an earthquake. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different educational practices in providing primary school students with the knowledge of earthquake preparedness and protection from potential hazards of an earthquake. Considering the quasi-experimental research, the pretest–posttest control/comparison group design was used, and a total of 401 students from the fourth grade in four different schools constituted the sampling of the study. Within the study, three types of educational activities were applied: digital games evaluating smart learning environments, earthquake drills, and traditional education. Findings show that the most effective way to teach students what to do during an earthquake is the earthquake drill. This study also indicates that the design elements in the three-dimensional earthquake game developed in the scope of the research played an effective role in earthquake education. This study is of importance as it provides significant results on how to determine the most appropriate educational method for primary school students and how digital games can be used more effectively in the learning process.

Background/Aims: To investigate the presence of seronegative celiac disease in patients with isolated refractory dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related complaints. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective study performed at a tertiary care referral hospital. Among 968 consecutive patients, 129 seronegative patients with tissue damage consistent with Marsh IIIa classification or above were included. The patients were divided into two groups: dyspepsia (n=78) and GERD (n=51). Biopsies were taken from the duodenum regardless of endoscopic appearance, and patients with Marsh IIIa or above damage were advised to consume a gluten-free diet. The Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity (GDS) score, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), and Biagi score were calculated at baseline and every 3 months. Control endoscopy was performed every 6 months during follow-up. Results: The median follow-up time was 19.9 months (range, 6 to 24 months) in the dyspepsia group and 19.2 months (range, 6 to 24 months) in the GERD group. All the patients were positive for the HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes. The differences between the mean GDS scores (14.3±2.1 vs 1.1±0.2, respectively, p

Sovyet Rusya’nın 4 Ekim 1957’de ilk insan yapımı uyduyu Ay’a göndermesiyle Amerika ve Rusya arasında tırmanan soğuk savaş; politika, ekonomik değişimler ve eğitim reformlarıyla kendini göstermiştir. Özellikle fen, matematik, mühendislik ve teknoloji alanlarında eğitim sisteminde köklü değişikliklere sebep olacak şekilde eğitim programları güncellenmiştir. Bu zaman içerisinde 1958 Reformundan (National Defence Educational Act), 2015 Reformuna Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) kadar pek çok eğitim reformu gerçekleştirilmiş ve eğitim politikalarındaki değişim süreci devam ettirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; uluslararası pek çok platformda söz sahibi olan bir ülkenin eğitim sisteminde -Sputnik’in Ay’a gönderiminden itibaren günümüze kadar- gerçekleştirdiği reformları incelemek ve bu sonuçlardan yola çıkılarak ülkemizde yapılabilecek reformlara yönelik öneriler sunmaktır. Doküman inceleme tekniğiyle gerçekleştirilen bu derleme çalışmasında 1958-2020 yılları arasında, ERIC ve Web of Science veritabanlarında yer alan eğitim reformlarına ve makalelere erişilmiş, amaçlı örnekleme ile seçilen 66 rapor ve makale çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarının ayrıca Türk Eğitim Sistemi’ndeki eksikliklerin fark edilmesine katkı sağlayacağı ve bir yol haritası çizilebilmesine ışık tutacağı varsayılmaktadır.

Objective:Toxoplasmosis, in which obligate intracellular protozoa Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is the causative organism, is a multisystemic disease that can be seen all over the world and can impair all vertebrates. The only hosts known for T.gondii are members of Felidae family. Our study aimed to determine anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies with Sabin-Feldman Dye Test (SFDT) in cats in Ankara. It’s aimed to evaluate the current situation in terms of Toxoplasmosis spread by comparing our findings with previous studies in the same region.Methods:Rh strain of Toxoplasma used in our study is maintained in our laboratory. SFDT is still accepted as the gold standard. Material of the study was obtained by taking blood samples from cats who were admitted to the clinics between March 2016 and October 2016 in Ankara. Blood samples were inactivated and measurements were done with SFDT 1/4, 1/16, 1/64, 1/256, 1/1024 titers.Results:SFDT resulted positive in 56 (43.4%) cats at a dilution of 1/16, in 7 (5.4%) cats at a dilution of 1/64, in 23 (17.8%) cats at a dilution of 1/256 and negative in 43 (33.3%) cats. Comparison of demographic data with SFDT results showed that positive test results did not differ according to gender and age (P=0.803 and P=0.991, respectively). Seropositivity was higher in stray cats than house cats (P

Together with intersection of tourism with literature, a scientific branch an art branch literary tourism takes place. Literary tourism covers the travels made to the places, in which authors were born, they lived, studied, wrote their works; spaces, in which scenes take place, places that are related to the characters in their works or destinations famous due to literal figures. Those making this kind of travels are called literary tourists. This article deals with the literal spaces and areas, where the scenes in the novels of Herta Müller, 2009 Nobel Literature Prize winner, Romania origin German citizen, take place. Herta Müller was born in Nitzkydorf village, Banat Region of where Germans densely live, in 1953. His birth day and birth of place are two important elements forming his life and art. While his grandfather was a rich merchant and farmer, due to the fact that communist regime nationalizes everything and that his father is alcoholic, his family and he himself lived in poverty. His childhood and youth years passed in a village of 400 homes, where everybody knows each other and German language Sualya dialect is spoken. In this village, the farmers, many craftsmen, and workers working in the factories in the city were living. Müller does not well remembers his childhood years at all and describes them as sad young years. The author mostly tells the period of communist regime in Romania in the leadership of Nicolai Ceausescu and the end of that period i.e. riot in December 1989. Through literal works, a city or country can become a tourism center. Authors and poets, who are destination creators, bringing distinction and identity in a city or country, can make it a brand city of world tourism market. In the article, the novels of Herta Müller in the relationship of tourism literature will be scrutinized. The article consists of four sections. The first section will give information about the relationship of tourism-literature; the second section, about Nobel Literature Prize and Herta Müller; the third section, about Romania Tourism; and the fourth section, about literal spaces in the novels of Herta Müller. The result coming to forefront in the study is that following that Herta Müller wins, Romania has begun to become an important literal tourism center

Değerlendirmesini yaptığımız “İbn Arabî’de İşârî Tefsir” isimli eser, hem tefsir hem de tasavvuf alanıyla ilgili bir çalışmadır. Kitap bir giriş iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Eser, mutasavvıflardan İbnü’l-Arabî’nin varlığa, insana, bilgiye ve Kur’ân’a bakışı bağlamında işârî tefsirin temel ilkelerini ve metodunu ele almaktadır. Bu çalışma, tefsir alanında genç bir akademisyenin doktora tezidir. Kitap aynı zamanda, İbnü’l-Arabî’nin düşünce sistemine özlü bir bakış içermesi bakımından son derece önemlidir. Ülkemizde İbnü’l-Arabî üzerinde hadis, kelam ve tasavvuf alanında birçok çalışmaya ek olarak tefsir sahasındaki eksiği tamamlaması açısında da önemli bir eserdir.

A 34-year-old female patient who ingested 2400 mg bismuth subcitrate in a suicide attempt was brought to the emergency department. She had mild encephalopathy and acute renal failure on admission. One session of plasmapheresis was performed to remove bismuth, and needed three sessions of hemodialysis and was discharged on the 24th day of hospitalization with the recovery of the renal function.

Aim: Toxicity findings affecting many systems, particularly the cardiovascular system, are observed in calcium channel blocker (CCB) overdose. Here, we aimed to present the incidence of CCB overdose patients with intraperitoneal and intrapleural free fluids detected by abdominal ultrasonography (USG).Materials and Methods: CCB overdose patients admitted to the emergency room in a 2-year period were prospectively included. All patients with CCB overdose were evaluated by bedside abdominal USG in terms of the presence of pleural and peritoneal fluid.Results: A total of 14 patients with CCB poisoning were included in our study. Six (42.8%) patients had taken verapamil, 7 (50%) patients amlodipine, and 1 (7.2%) patient nifedipine. The mean age of the patients was 27.2±15.9 years (range: 18–65 years). The median time from drug intake to arrival at the hospital was 3.0 h (IQR: 1.75–5). Nine (64.28%) of these patients were detected to have intraperitoneal and intrapleural free fluid by bedside USG. The mean arterial pressure of patients with intraabdominal and intrapleural fluid was lower than that of patients without the detected fluid, i.e., 56.8 (IQR: 54.8–61.8) vs. 65.6 (IQR: 64.2–66.8), respectively (p

Ali Nazmi Çalik,3 Kazim Serhan Özcan,4 Gülbün Yüksel,2 Baris Güngör,1 Emre Arugarslan,1 Figen Varlibas,2 Ahmet Ekmekci,1 Damirbek Osmonov,1 Mustafa Adem Tatlisu,1 Mehmet Karaca,1 Osman Bolca,1 Izzet Erdinler1 1Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Center, Istanbul, Turkey; 2Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Department of Cardiology, Yozgat State Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey; 4Department of Cardiology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely linked to cardiovascular risk factors.Methods: Echocardiographic studies were performed, including left ventricular diastolic functions, left and right atrial conduction times, and arterial stiffness parameters, namely stiffness index, pressure-strain elastic modulus, and distensibility, on 29 patients with AD and 24 age-matched individuals with normal cognitive function.Results: The peak mitral flow velocity of the early rapid filling wave (E) was lower, and the peak velocity of the late filling wave caused by atrial contraction (A), deceleration time of peak E velocity, and isovolumetric relaxation time were higher in the AD group. The early myocardial peak (Ea) velocity was significantly lower in AD patients, whereas the late diastolic (Aa) velocity and E/Ea ratio were similar between the two groups. In Alzheimer patients, stiffness index and pressure-strain elastic modulus were higher, and distensibility was significantly lower in the AD group compared to the control. Interatrial electromechanical delay was significantly longer in the AD group.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients with AD are more likely to have diastolic dysfunction, higher atrial conduction times, and increased arterial stiffness compared to the controls of same sex and similar age. Keywords: diastolic dysfunction, atrial conduction timeA Letter to the Editor has been received and published for this article.

Küresel pazar koşullarına bağlıolarak yenilikleri takip etmeyen, alternatif ürün üretmeyen ve kişiye özel ürün ve hizmet sunmayan işletmeler ekonomik hedeflerinden uzaklaşmakta, rekabet gücünü de kaybetmektedirler. Bundan dolayısosyal ve ekonomik alandaki hızlıdeğişim kişileri ve kurumlarıyenilik bağlamında farklıalanlara yöneltmektedir. Çünkü günümüz tüketici davranışlarıher geçen gün değişmekte ve tatil kararlarıfarklıetkenlere göre şekillenmektedir. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda hazırlanan bu çalışmada, ilk önce yenilik ile ilgili genel bilgiler verilmiştir. Daha sonra ise; vizyoner bir yapıya sahip olmayı, girişimci düşünmeyi ve dinamik planlamayıgerektiren yeniliğin türleri ve özellikleri açıklanmıştır. Yenilik genel olarak bir süreci ve sonucu yansıtır. Dolayısıyla işletmelerin; üretkenlik, nitelikli istihdam, iç ve dışpazarda güçlü olmalarıiçin yenilik süreci üzerinde durulmuştur. Herhangi bir ürün veya hizmetlerin bileşeni olan turistik ürün, farklıniteliklere sahip işletmeler tarafından üretilmektedir. İşletmeler arasında ise yıkıcıbir rekabet ortamıbulunmaktadır. Rekabetçi ortamda ayakta kalmak ve bir takım avantajlar elde edebilmek ise yeni ürünlerin üretilmesi ve çeşitlendirilmesi ile mümkün olmaktadır. Turistik ürünün çeşitliliği de işletmelerin, bölgelerin veya ülkelerin altyapı, üstyapıolanaklarıile birlikte doğal, sosyal ve kültürel imkânlarıile daha kolay gerçekleşebilir. Kurban bayramıve kurban kesmek, Müslümanlar arasında sosyal dayanışmayı, toplumun huzurunu ve mutluluğunu artıran önemli dini gün ve bayramlardır. Gelişen ekonomik ve sosyal koşullar dikkate alındığında kurban bayramıinsanlar için hem fiziksel hem de sosyal anlamda rahatladıklarıve dinlendikleri bir zaman dilimidir. Bu çalışma da turizm işletmelerinin diğer işletmelerden farklıürün üretebilmeleri için Kurban bayramıürün paketi ile ilgili hazırlanmıştır. Yapılan bu araştırmada kurban bayramının turizm işletmeleri için ne gibi bir potansiyele sahip olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Potansiyel belirlendikten sonra kurban bayramıürünü ile ilgili turizm işletmelerinin sahip olduğu alt yapıimkânlarına dikkat çekilmiştir. Bu konudaki çalışmalardan sonra, kurban bayramıürün paketi ile ilgili turizm işletmelerine yapılacağıöngörülen eleştiriler sıralanmıştır. Bu eleştirilere karşıturizm işletmelerinin üstünlükleri belirtilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda da kurban bayramıürün paketinin turizm işletmeleri için yenilik bağlamında sunacağıavantajlara dikkat çekilmiştir.

KÖYCEĞİZ - FETHİYE KIYI KUŞAĞINDA İKLİM KOŞULLARININ TURİZM FAALİYETLERİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

TarÕmsal faaliyetler açÕsÕndan iklim koúullarÕnÕn, özellikle de sÕcaklÕk, ya÷Õú ve buharlaúma elemanlarÕna ba÷lÕ olarak topraktaki su noksanlÕ÷Õ ve fazlalÕ÷ÕnÕn belirlenmesi büyük önem taúÕr.Bu durumun tespitine yönelik olarak ortaya konulan çalÕúmalar arasÕnda Türkiye koúullarÕna en uygun olarak de÷erlendirilen Thornthwaite ve Erinç indis formülleri gerçe÷e oldukça yakÕn sonuçlar vermektedir. Bu çalÕúmada son yÕllarda adÕnÕ tarÕm faaliyetleri ile daha çok duyuran, Türkiye’nin güneybatÕ köúesinde yer alan, verimli kÕyÕ ovalarÕna sahip Köyce÷izFethiye yöresindeki iklim tipleri Thornthwaite ve Erinç indis formülleri çerçevesinde incelenmiútir.ÇalÕúmanÕn sonucunda yörenin nemli/ yarÕ nemli, yaz aylarÕnda su noksanlÕ÷Õ, kÕú aylarÕnda su fazlalÕ÷Õna sahip olan karakteristik Akdeniz iklim úartlarÕna sahip bulundu÷u, tarÕmsal faaliyetler ve hidrolojik yapÕ için en önemli klimatik sorunun MayÕs- Ekim arasÕ dönmedeki kuraklÕk oldu÷u ortaya konulmuútur.Bu dönemde do÷al bitkiler büyümelerini oldukça yavaúlatmakta ve hatta durdurmakta, tarÕm bitkileri sulama yapÕlmaksÕzÕn yetiútirilememekte ,akarsulardaki akÕú en aza inmekte ve yer altÕ sularÕnda önemli seviye düúmeleri görülmektedir.Bu klimatilk sorunun en aza indirilebilmesi için yöre akarsularÕ üzerinde uygun alanlarda barajlar inúaa edilmeli, daha az su kullanÕmÕ gerektiren sulama teknikleri yaygÕnlaútÕrÕlmalÕ ve su ihtiyacÕ daha düúük olan ürünlerin üretimine a÷ÕrlÕk verilmelidir.

Methamphetamine hydrochloride, colloquially referred to as “crystal meth,” is a potent psychoactive amphetamine derivate. Methamphetamine produces stimulant effects in the user including increased energy and alertness as well as inducing intense euphoric symptoms and suppressing appetite through its dopaminergic, serotonergic, and adrenergic actions. Use of methamphetamine can adversely affect cardiovascular, neurological, and gastrointestinal physiology leading to significant morbidity. We present a rare case of paralytic ileus secondary to methamphetamine abuse which has only once before been described in the literature.

This research focuses on the efficiency of the flipped classroom method and its effects on students’ achievement and cognitive load levels. The flipped classroom method is compared to traditional techniques in this study through quasi-experimental research. Participants included 116 prospective teachers assigned to experimental and control groups. The study was conducted over 10 weeks during the 2013–2014 spring semester. Results showed that students taught with the flipped classroom model reported higher learning achievements and lower cognitive loads than those taught with the traditional model. The instructional efficiency scores of the students in the experimental group were also higher than those of the students in the control group. Hence, when designed effectively, the flipped classroom method can be considered a useful approach in higher education settings.

Introduction. The use of prognostic models for cirrhotic patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) is of great importance, since they provide an objective evaluation for a group of patients with high mortality rates and high resource utilization.Objective. To evaluate the validity and to compare the prognostic predictive value of the CTP, MELD, SOFA and APACHE II scoring systems in cirrhotic patients admitted to the ICU, the CTP and MELD models being exclusive for patients with liver disease.Material and methods. Commonly used predictors of mortality such as age, sex, CTP, MELD, APACHE II and SOFA were evaluated, and their prognostic value was investigated.Results. A total of 201 patients were included in this study. Patients who survived had mean CTP score of 9.5 ± 2.4, MELD score 18.1 ± 7.1, APACHE II score of 13.4 ± 4.8 and SOFA score of 4.2 ± 2.6, compared to respective scores of 11.4 ± 2.8, 28.0 ± 11.2, 24.6 ± 10.4 and 8.7 ± 4.0 in patients who died. The difference between groups was statistically significant for each of one of the scoring systems (p < 0.001).Conclusion. In this study, SOFA was found to be the most powerful predictor of prognosis for cirrhotic patients admitted to the ICU. This was followed by APACHE II, MELD and CTP models, in descending order of strength (AUROC values of 0.847, 0.821, 0.790 and 0.724, respectively).

It is important that climate comfortable conditions are within presumed threshold values with respect to tourism activities in the form that people rest in a healthy environment. While determining the climate comfortable conditions, sunshine duration, temperature, relative humidity, wind and precipitation are taken into consideration. The purpose of this study is to examine the climate comfortable conditions in respect of coastal tourism on the Eastern Black Sea Subregion coastal belt of Turkey. In this study, the Tourism Climatic Index (TCI), the Thermo Hygrometric Index (THI) and the Summer Simmer Index (SSI) have been used. The mean annual TCI value was calculated in the “acceptable” category. TCI values change between “marginal” and “good” categories in year and between meteorological stations. According to THI, TCI and SSI indices favorable climate comfortable periods for coastal tourism are 3 June-25 June and 6 September-27 September. The favourable period for sea bathing is 11 July-13 September. Climatic conditions for coastal tourism are unstable in general and rainfall is the most important climate issues for coastal tourism

Tasavvuf tarihinde hal ve makamın analizine yönelik bir takım yaKlaşımlar olmUşsa da en kapsamlısı, Abdülkerim Kuşeyri tarafından· yapılmıştır. Küşeyri'nin iddiası: makamın hale dönüşmesidir~ Ondan yaklaşık . iki . asır sonra, Ebu Ömeı:' Sühreverdi, halin makama · dönüştüğünü sayunurken çağdaş ı olan İbnü'J~ Ara bi ise hal ve makam etrafındaki ·. zihin karışıklığmın; halin sürekli ol.up olmanıasından kaynaklandığı .görüşündedir.

In a previous study, raw cashew kernels were assayed for the fungal contamination focusing on strains belonging to the genus Aspergillus and on aflatoxins producers. These samples showed high contamination with Aspergillus section Nigri species and absence of aflatoxins. To investigate the diversity of secondary metabolites, including mycotoxins, the species of A. section Nigri may produce and thus threaten to contaminate the raw cashew kernels, 150 strains were isolated from cashew samples and assayed for their production of secondary metabolites using liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Seven species of black Aspergilli were isolated based on morphological and chemical identification: A. tubingensis (44%), A. niger (32%), A. brasiliensis (10%), A. carbonarius (8.7%), A. luchuensis (2.7%), A. aculeatus (2%) and A. aculeatinus (0.7%). From these, 45 metabolites and their isomers were identified. Aurasperone and pyranonigrin A, produced by all species excluding A. aculeatus and A. aculeatinus, were most prevalent and were encountered in 146 (97.3%) and 145 (95.7%) isolates, respectively. Three mycotoxins groups were detected: fumonisins (B2 and B4) (2.7%) ochratoxin A (13.3%), and secalonic acids (2%), indicating that these mycotoxins could occur in raw cashew nuts. Thirty strains of black Aspergilli were randomly sampled for verification of species identity based on sequences of β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Among them, 27 isolates were positive to the primers used and 11 were identified as A. niger, 7 as A. tubingensis, 6 as A. carbonarius, 2 as A. luchuensis and 1 as A. welwitschiae confirming the species names as based on morphology and chemical features. These strains clustered in 5 clades in A. section Nigri. Chemical profile clustering also showed also 5 groups confirming the species specific metabolites production.