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Symptoms of declining households access to health services occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. Observing BPS Indonesia (2021), there appears to be a percentage change in road treatment data, and health complaints are increasing. The morbidity data for each district and city on the selected island was converted into four categories of health status: [1] very healthy, [2] healthy, [3] moderately healthy, and [4] unhealthy. This research is deductive. The method used to estimate variables is QLDV (Qualitative Limited Dependent Variable). The results of the estimated health demand function answer the issue of efforts to increase the chances of Indonesian household health levels. The simulation results with marginal effects show predictions that the opportunity of health demand will increase by 2.71 percent under conditions of food allocation of 52.89 percent, food inflation of 6 percent, health inflation of 7 percent, immunization coverage of toddlers of 84.43 percent, average education of junior high school households, and per capita income close to 10 million per year. This study successfully displayed the significance of health commodity prices that were difficult for previous researchers to display. Abstrak. Gejala penurunan akses rumah tangga terhadap layanan kesehatan terjadi pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Mengamati BPS Indonesia (2021), tampak adanya perubahan persentase pada data berobat jalan dan keluhan kesehatan yang meningkat. Data morbiditas setiap kabupaten dan kota pada pulau terpilih, dikonversi menjadi empat kategori status kesehatan: [1] sangat sehat, [2] sehat, [3] cukup sehat, dan [4] tidak sehat. Penelitian ini bersifat deduktif. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi variabel adalah QLDV (Qualitative Limited Dependent Variable). Hasil estimasi fungsi permintaan kesehatan menjawab isu tentang upaya memperbesar peluang tingkat kesehatan rumah tangga Indonesia. Hasil simulasi dengan efek marjinal menampilkan prediksi bahwa peluang permintaan kesehatan akan bertambah 2.71 persen, dalam kondisi alokasi makanan 52.89 persen, inflasi makanan 6 persen, inflasi kesehatan 7 persen, cakupan imunisasi balita 84.43 persen, ioi8oipendidikan rata-rata rumah tangga SMP, dan pendapatan per kapita mendekati 10 juta per tahun. Penelitian ini berhasil menampilkan signifikansi harga komoditas kesehatan yang sulit ditampilkan para peneliti sebelumnya.

The decreasing household access to health services occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. Observing the health profile of BPS Indonesia (2021), it can be seen that there is a percentage change in the decrease in road treatment and an increase in health complaints. This study aims to present the results of estimating econometric models that explain economic and non-economic variables that can potentially change the opportunities for health demand in Indonesia. The morbidity data for each district and city on the selected island was converted into four categories of health status, namely [1] very healthy, [2] healthy, [3] moderately healthy, and [4] unhealthy. This research is deductive. We use the demand for health theory to identify variables that need to be researched and employ QLDV (qualitative limited dependent variable) to estimate them. The estimation results are conducting to the issue of efforts to increase the chances of household health levels and serial studies starting in 1972. The simulation results with marginal effect predict that the probability of demand for health will increase by 2.71 percent in conditions of inflation of food and health commodities at the level of 6 and 7 percent, children under-five immunization coverage is close to 90 percent, education average is junior high school, income allocation of less than 50 percent, and real income per capita is close to 10 million per year. Regarding the literature series, this study succeeded in showing the significance of health commodity prices which was difficult to display by previous researchers.

This paper presents the results of research on tourist demands to the city of Bandung. The research objective is to study the demand function of tourists in the city of Bandung. Looking at the qualitative nature of tourism demand, this study examines it through the ordered logit model. Data obtained mainly from tourists visiting the city of Bandung. The estimation model repeatedly shows five factors that explain tourism demand, namely income, travel distance, leisure time owned by tourists, vehicles used to visit the city of Bandung, and the level of congestion in the city of Bandung. The biggest model coefficient is the comfort variable. Increasing leisure time one day will increase the chances of frequent categories of visits to the city of Bandung, 24,278 times greater than other categories. Klasifikasi JEL : Q21, Z23, C19 Abstrak. Makalah ini menyajikan hasil penelitian skripsi tentang permintaan wisatawan ke Kota Bandung. Tujuan penelitiannya adalah untuk mempelajari fungsi permintaan wisatawan di Kota Bandung. Melihat sifat kualitatif dari permintaan pariwisata, penelitian ini mengkajinya melalui model logit yang dipesan. Data diperoleh terutama dari wisatawan yang mengunjungi Kota Bandung. Model hasil estimasi berulang kali menunjukkan lima faktor yang menjelaskan permintaan pariwisata, yaitu pendapatan, jarak perjalanan wisata, waktu luang yang dimiliki oleh wisatawan, kendaraan yang digunakan untuk mengunjungi Kota Bandung, dan tingkat kemacetan di Kota Bandung. Koefisien model terbesar adalah variabel waktu luang. Menambah waktu luang suatu hari, akan memperbesar peluang kategori sering berkunjung ke Kota Bandung, 24.278 kali lebih besar dari kategori lainnya. Klasifikasi JEL : Q21, Z23, C19

This paper aims to study the probability of changes in income distribution as a result of business practice of profit sharing agreement among production factors of workers/labour, managers (mudharib) and investors (shahibul maal) within the framework of mudharabah scheme. The ordered logit econometrics model was applied for this purpose. Data were taken from entrepreneurs/businessmen who applied the mudharabah scheme in Indonesia. The research result shows five variables that determine the probability of changes in distribution. These are business profits, company age, changes in the organisation, total employment and the level of mandate of mudharib.

The paper aims to elaborate the theory of factor pricing and income distribution in Islamic perspective. We place Sadeqs thought as the benchmark and expand it. Using calculus differential, we construct factor pricing and income distribution under mudharabah scheme, which can describe the behavior of producer (mudhaarib) in making decision on business operation appropriately. The paper can prove mathematically that when Islamic principles are internalized, income distribution becomes more equal. This is expressed in parameters s, 1-s, and 1/1-s, as a share of profit goes to capital owner (shahibulmaal), entrepreneur (mudhaarib) and worker, respectively. The paper also proposes that wage level will be determined not only by perception or the mind set of capital owners and workers on the value of their assets, but also the standing moral of entrepreneurs and capital owners.

This research aims to build an economic model of poor peasant households (rumah tangga petani miskin, or RTPM) for further analysis concerning their consumption behavior, production and participation in agricultural product market. The research also conducted simulations to test models of economic policies in order to reduce RTPMs by applying mathematical programming approach. The research resulted in some findings. First, though RTPM production has reached the optimum level, but its magnitude is less than required to meet their basic needs. Second, three types of policies should be applied to reduce the amount of RTPMs. Riset ini bertujuan membangun model ekonomi Rumah Tangga Petani Miskin (RTPM) untuk dianalisis perilaku konsumsi, produksi, dan partisipasinya dalam pasar produk pertanian. Riset ini juga melakukan simulasi pengujian model kebijakan ekonomi guna mengurangi jumlah RTPM dengan mengaplikasikan pendekatan pemrograman matematis. Sejumlah temuan dihasilkan oleh riset ini. Pertama, model simulasi berhasil mengidentifikasi delapan komoditi makanan yang gagal dipenuhi RTPM. Kendati tingkat produksi RTPM maksimal, namun magnitude-nya masih belum memenuhi kebutuhan dasar. Kedua, model simulasi memperlihatkan tiga jenis kebijakan yang perlu diterapkan untuk mengurangi jumlah RTPM, yaitu: pricing, peningkatan ukuran pertanian multi-aktivitas, dan peningkatan peran isteri petani dalam kegiatan di luar pertanian.

Cibaduyut represents a site for small scale industry producing women shoes. Several problems has arisen as the crises struck. This paper addresses the main problem of the industry by employing Quality Function Deployment as data analysis instrument. 12 small industries and 30 consumers were taken as samples by simple random sampling technique. The results showed a gap between product quality and consumer’s needs due to low technology, unskilled labor, and a scarce of qualified material as input of production.

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk [1] mengindentifikasi sektor-sektor ekonomi yang signifikan di dalam meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga miskin di perkotaan dan perdesaan Jawa Barat, [2] mengkaji dampak pengeluaran Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat secara berurutan terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga miskin di perkotaan dan perdesaan, penggunaan faktor produksi dan perluasan kesempatan kerja, dan [3] mengidentifikasi kondisi yang menghambat upaya Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat dalam mencapai target daya beli melalui peningkatan pendapatan. Penulis menggunakan studi literatur, utamanya terhadap penelitian terkini yang menggunakan pendekatan Social Accounting Matrices (SAMs) dan penelitian yang terkait dengan distribusi pendapatan. SAMs dapat menggambarkan makroekonomi Jawa Barat pada waktu tertentu. Lebih dari itu, pendekatan ini dapat menggambarkan hubungan sosial dan ekonomi di antara berbagai institusi, termasuk institusi pemerintah dan rumah tangga. Hasil dari ketiga kajian itu menunjukkan, pertama, di dalam sistem produksi, pendapatan rumah tangga miskin peka terhadap output beberapa sektor ekonomi, seperti : [a] pertanian, [b] industri pengolahan makanan, minuman dan tembakau, [c] konstruksi/bangunan, [d] perdagangan, hotel dan restoran, dan [e] jasa-jasa. Kedua, ditemukan bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah bias terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga kaya di perkotaan dan pendapatan pemilik modal dalam sistem produksi, serta rendahnya dampak pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap perluasan kesempatan kerja. Dan terakhir, hambatan di dalam mencapai target daya beli rumah tangga miskin disebabkan oleh lemahnya distribusi pendapatan personal dan fungsional.

This paper studied the influence of trade, hotels and restaurants (THR) sector growth of Bandung to other agricultural area in West Java Province. It will reflect the urban and rural economic linkages through production linkages. The methods used are simultaneous equations which are estimated by Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) technique, because each district/city agricultural GDRP described by the same explanatory variables i.e: trade, hotels and restaurants of Bandung. The results are quite adequate for interpretation, reflected in the sign coefficient score responding to the hypothesis, the amount of R2, and t test statistic with the amount of under 0.5. The conclusion indicated that the trade, hotels and restaurants of Bandung were more encourage agricultural area that located far enough from Bandung city, such as Garut, Tasikmalaya, Subang, Cianjur, Sukabumi, Indramayu and Cirebon District. All districts are center of production of crops, livestock and fisheries.

Water is a basic need of human being, no one can live without water and ithas no substitution. Water is a a requirement of adequate living standard for the healthand well-being of all human being..The current problem is the availability of water infulfill the human need is decreased. On the one hand there is the view that water isa commodity while the other side said that water is a social good.. The right to waterimplies that everyone should have access to water without discrimination. The state’srole is indispensable when people are not in the same position in getting water, thedifferences position of people can occur not only a problem of economic inequality, butalso the specific natural conditions in a certain region. Such differences make some partsof society difficult to gain access to water, and in this situation, the presence of the stateis strong required.